ALTERNATIVE WATER

INSTALLATION GUIDELINES

& DROUGHT CRISIS UPDATE

20 March 2018

Thanks to these partners

for their support

PROGRAMME OUTLINE

WELCOME – Nokuzola Mhlungu from Water & Sanitation Dept, CCT

DROUGHT CRISIS UPDATE – Carlo Vizzi from Enterprise & Investment, CCT

CITY’S ATERNATIVE WATER GUIDELINES - Sarah Rushmere from CCT

DISCUSSION AND Q & A SESSION– details of the guidelines, regulations and requirements

WRAP UP & CLOSURE

NOKUZOLA MHLUNGU City of Cape Town

Water & Sanitation Department

CARLO VIZZICity of Cape Town

Enterprise & Investment

BETWEEN 2010 AND 2015,

130 MEGACITIES WERE HIT BY

DROUGHT DISASTERS

Source: Institute of Water Policy at Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore

2017

2013

ANNUAL MAJOR DAM LEVELSAll figures are for 25 September for each year

?

WATER CONSUMPTION 2016/17

Formal homes use 65% of Cape Town’s water.

Water Dashboard on City’s website – updated weekly

WHAT FORWARD LOOKING UTILTIIES ARE DOING

• Diversification of supply mix (water source portfolio)

– Desalination – 25%

– Water Reuse – 25 %

– Groundwater Extraction – 25%

– Surface/Dam Water – 25%

• Recharge of aquifers & reservoirs by reclaimed and

desalinated water in wet years

• Maximise use of aquifers during dry years

0

50

100

150

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250

Jan-

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Feb

-18

Mar

-18

Apr

-18

May

-18

Jun-

18

Jul-1

8

Aug

-18

Sep

-18

Oct

-18

Nov

-18

Dec

-18

Jan-

19

Feb

-19

Mar

-19

Apr

-19

May

-19

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Jul-1

9

Aug

-19

Sep

-19

Oct

-19

Nov

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Dec

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ML

D

PROVISIONAL 2 YEAR AUGMENTATION PLAN

Temporary transfers

Ground Water Abstraction (TMG)

Ground Water Abstraction (sandy)

Permanent desalination

Emergency desalination

Water Reclamation

Springs

UNDER REVISION

SHORT TERM NEW WATER PROGRAMME - TBC

SCENARIOS Showing factors of rainfall, City’s additional new

supply and our water consumption.

From 2018 Outlook document on City’s website. Updated regularly

If we can get to 450m litres per day

and stay there. Living the 50-litre life.

Graph 2: 100% Winter 2017 Rainfall | 80% Augmentation| Max

Evaporation

Implementation of

Phase 2 of CCT

Disaster Plan (13.5%)

Water difficult to abstract from dams (10%)

Graph 3: 85% Winter 2017 Rainfall | 80% Augmentation | Max

Evaporation

Implementation of

Phase 2 of CCT

Disaster Plan (13.5%)

Water difficult to abstract from dams (10%)

DEMAND MANAGEMENT

• Water restrictions & punitive tariffs: Level 6b, target of 450 MLD, with

maximum of 50 litres pp/day. Business to reduce by 45%

• Water conservation

– Leak management: response times & repair, including repair for

indigent households

– Pipe replacement

• District metering and zoning

• Pressure reduction

• Water Management Devices and meter management

• Education, awareness and behaviour change

• Communication campaigns

Awarded C40 Award for

Adaptation in 2015 for Water

Conservation and Demand

Management

WATER AND SANITATION TARIFFS – 1 FEBRUARY 2018

Residential Water Tariffs (Domestic Full and Domestic Cluster)

Water Steps (1kl = 1 000 litres) Level 4 (2017/18) Until 31/1/2018 Rands (incl VAT)

Level 6 (2017/18) From 1/2/2018 Rands (incl VAT)

Step 1 (>0 ≤ 6kl) R4, 56 (free for indigent households)

R29, 93 (free for indigent households)

Step 2 (>6 ≤ 10.5kl) R17, 75 R52, 44 (R 17, 75 for indigent households)

Step 3 (>10.5 ≤ 20kl) R25, 97 R114

Step 4 (>20 ≤ 35kl) R43, 69 R342

Step 5 (>35 ≤ 50kl) R113, 99 R912

Step 6 (>50kl) R302, 24 R912

*Sanitation charged to a maximum of 35kl

Domestic Full = Stand-alone houses Domestic Cluster = Flats, sectional title units, cluster developments and gated villages

WATER AND SANITATION TARIFFS – 1 FEBRUARY 2018

Residential Sanitation Tariffs (Domestic Full and Domestic Cluster)

Water Steps (1kl = 1 000 litres) Level 4 (2017/18) Until 31/1/2018 Rands (incl VAT)

Level 6 (2017/18) From 1/2/2018 Rands (incl VAT)

Step 1 (>0 ≤ 4,2 kl) R4, 39 (free for indigent households)

R 25, 65 (free for indigent households)

Step 2 (>4.2 ≤ 7.3 kl) R14, 98 R44, 46 (R14, 98 for indigent households)

Step 3 (>7.35 ≤ 14 kl) R30, 31 R98, 04

Step 4 (>14 ≤ 24.5 kl) R49, 04 R119, 70

Step 5 (>24.5 ≤ 35 kl) R59, 30 R119, 70

*Sanitation charged to a maximum of 35kl

Domestic Full = Stand-alone houses Domestic Cluster = Flats, sectional title units, cluster developments and gated villages

WATER AND SANITATION TARIFFS – 1 FEBRUARY 2018

Commercial / Industrial Tariffs

Water Steps (1kl = 1 000 litres) Level 4 (2017/18) Until 31/1/2018 Rands (incl VAT)

Level 6 (2017/18) From 1/2/2018 Rands (incl VAT)

Water R27, 97 R57

Sanitation (standard) R21, 50 R44, 18

*Sanitation charged to a maximum of 35kl

Domestic Full = Stand-alone houses Domestic Cluster = Flats, sectional title units, cluster developments and gated villages

HOUSEHOLD WATER USAGE GUIDE

APPLY FOR AN INCREASE IN YOUR MONTHLY WATER QUOTA

If there are more than four persons living full-time in a household or on a property,

an application needs to be made to the City to have the monthly water quota

increases accordingly. Households that exceed limits prescribed by Level 6b

water restrictions, will be fined and have WMD (Water Management Devices)

fitted at their cost.

• Submit your application online at www.capetown.gov.za/servicerequests

• Full guide and step-by-step instructions available on website.

Apply for exemptions on City’s website

TREATED EFFLUENT RE-USE FOR LARGE USERS

• Treated wastewater from treatment plants

• Cost is R5.30/kl compared to R57/kl.

• 75 million litres per day supplied through

permanent pipeline connections

• 10 million litres from collection points

• Untreated for toilet flushing, irrigation, fire

systems and other operational uses. Can be

treated onsite to required quality.

• Email treated.effluent@capetown.gov.za

• So far mostly for

– Industries & commercial operations

– City Parks & Departments

– Golf courses

– School irrigation

– Farmers

TREATED EFFLUENT RE-USE FOR LARGE USERS

Businesses can

collect at

designated

collection points or

can connect to

existing treated

effluent reticulation.

RESOURCES

Available from www.capetown.gov.za/thinkwater

Resources include:• Posters & videos• Print ready material

• 50 litre life• Water saving checklist• How to safely use greywater• How to find and fix leaks• Permission cubicle for toilets• Water management device and water rationing leaflets

• Extensive FAQs: How City manages leaks, Day Zero disaster plans

• Guides: e.g. installation of alternative water systems

• Day Zero Dashboard www.capetown.gov.za/dayzerodashboard• Dam Levels www.capetown.gov.za/damlevels

• Cape Town Water Map www.capetown.gov.za/watermap

Resource packs are updated as new material is being made available.

PARTNER RESOURCES

• GreenCape drought support service, website with useful

case studies & resources. Contact Jane Reddick –

jane@green-cape.co.za

• Green Building Council SA water & energy

benchmarking tool for offices

• Supplier database for water saving & alternative water

technologies and services on Western Cape

Government’s 110% Green webpage

• WWF’s business campaign and Wednesday Water Files.

www.wwf.org.za

• National Cleaner Production Centre for free industrial

water efficiency audits Contact Andre Page -

APage@csir.co.za http://ncpc.co.za

If we can get to 450m litres per day

and stay there. Living the 50-litre life.

resilience • the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

• the ability of a substance or object to spring back into

shape; elasticity.

Oxford dictionary definition

SARAH RUSHMERE City of Cape Town

Water & Sanitation Dept

City’s position on installation

of alternative water systems.

November 2017

Alternative water for the ‘new normal’

• City promoting alternative water for operational uses - but only if done responsibly to avoid health risks, contamination of drinking water supply and

environmental damage.

1. Rainwater

2. Groundwater : boreholes, wellpoints and springs

3. Greywater

4. Treated effluent from City, and own treatment on site

5. Surface water: rivers and streams on the property

Stormwater will come in ‘new build’ guidelines, and ocean water not

included yet

Installation guidelines

• For installations of systems with plumbing, not ‘bucketing’

• For homes & businesses, but not for complex industrial systems

• Fairly wide stakeholder inputs so far.

• Consistent with legislation and current Water Bylaw which is to be updated soon. So position may be updated, but key principles will remain.

• Full guideline document available soon. Will cover:

– Alternative water explanations and legislation overview

– Appropriate uses, quality and treatment

– Installation to prevent contamination – with illustrations

– Application, registration and/or licensing requirements

– Signage

– What to look for in an installer

– Checklists for pre-installation, installation & post-installation for each type

KEY PRINCIPLES FOR ALTERNATIVE WATER

1. Quality required for different uses – as per 1996 national guidelines

2. Imperative to prevent potentially dangerous alternative water from

contaminating drinking water system on the premises and for surrounding area. Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventers mandatory.

3. Quality required for different uses – as per 1996 national guidelines. See matrix.

4. Discharge to correct place – overflow to stormwater or to sewer if harmful chemicals or substances

5. Colour code the pipes

6. ‘Do not drink’ signage

SOURCES OF WATER: RAINWATER GROUNDWATER

SURFACE WATER

GREYWATER

TREATED EFFLUENT

TEST FIRST, AND TREAT ACCORDING TO USE

USES OF WATER:Plant bed irrigation (subsurface)

4 4 4

Fire fighting 3 (Categories 3 & 4)

3 (Categories 3 & 4)

3 (Categories 3 & 4)

Vehicle cleaning 3 3 3

Food garden (subsurface) & lawn irrigation

4 4 4

Outdoor hard surface cleaning

3 (Category 4) 3 (Category 4) 3 (Category 4)

Swimming pools* SANS 241* SANS 241* SANS 241*

HVAC 3 (All 4 categories) 3 3

Toilet flushing** ** ** **

Fish ponds 1 1 1

Indoor surface and kitchen cleaning

1 1 1

Laundry washing 1 1 1

Cooking & food preparation 1 1 1

Body washing (ablution) 1 1 1

Drinking SANS 241 SANS 241 SANS 241

Water features (no contact) 1 1 1

Water features (e.g. splash parks)**

SANS 241 SANS 214 SANS 241

KEY/ EXPLANATION

COLOUR CODE RISK OF USEWATER QUALITY REQUIRED FOR INTENDED USE

TESTING AND TREATMENT REQUIRED, FOR INTENDED PURPOSES

USE WITH DISCRETION

Low, negligible riskNo direct human contact with water

Low No testing or treatment required. Use with discretion.

TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S

Moderate riskSome human contact with water

Moderate Test water quality Check results against national guidelines for intended

use. Treat if required. For this low risk category, treatment may be unlikely.

TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S

Medium risk Greater human contact

Medium Test water quality Check results against national guidelines for intended

use. Treat as required. For this risk category, treatment is likely.

TEST QUALITY AND TREAT FOR USE/S

Very high riskHigh levels of contact and human ingestion

High Test water quality Check results against national guidelines for intended

use. Treat as required. For this high risk category, high level of treatment is

essential. Regular quality testing necessary to determine ongoing

water quality and suitability for use. Filtering and or treatment will be necessary.

No alternative water sources permitted for these uses – as per City’s Water Bylaw. Unless by contract as a Water Service Intermediary

N/A N/A

Application, registration and licencing

ALTERNATIVEWATER TYPE

FROM NATIONAL DWS FROM CITY OF CAPE TOWN

Rainwater No licencing. Approval for installation

Groundwater Licencing – General Authorisation or Water Use Licence

Approval for drilling, and register the source, and get approval for installation

Surface water Licencing – General Authorisation or Water Use Licence

Approval for installation

Greywater No licencing. Approval for installation

Treated effluent –own treatment

Licencing required. Approval for installation

Treated effluent –from City

N/A for consumers buying from City

Approval for installation

RPZ valve back-flow preventer

• Specifications & functionality outlined in SANS 1808-15. If products approved according to this standard are not easily available locally, the City will also

accept international standards for RPZs from organisations such as the

German Institute of Standardization (Deutche Insitut vur Normung– DIN) or the

American Water Works Association (AWWA). Locally available RPZ models

include the products manufactured by ARI and Caleffi.

• Local suppliers so far:

– Equilibrium Water, importing Caleffi range (www.equilibrium-water.com)

– Ultra control valves (www.ultravalves.co.za)

– Wholesale plumbing supply in Mphumalanga

(www.wholesaleplumbingsupply.co.za)

• City has approached these specialist retailers: Plumblink, Incledon, CP&B, OnTap, Brights, Buco, Build It and Builders Warehouse.

NOTE: City of Cape Town does not endorse any particular product or

service provider and cannot be held liable for any non-performance.

Colour codes

• Greywater = lilac, Pantone 522 colour code

• Groundwater = dark green with two grey stripes

• Rainwater = no specific colour, but labelling recommended.

• Treated effluent = orange

• And with reference to SANS 10140-3: 2003, Edition 3 for identification colour

Signage for main thoroughfare and point of use

Appropriate signage as per SANS 1186-1:2008

1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. Currently not mandatory for systems where there is no connection between the alternative water and municipal drinking water supply. But strongly recommended best practice, as many want to plumb it into the building for indoor use in future and possible contamination to be avoided.

2. Greywater sources connected to storage tank. The inclusion of greywater sources A, B and/or C depends on irrigation needs.

3. Collection and treatment of greywater in storage tank. Tank installation must comply with national building regulations, SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer’s specifications. Greywater water must be used within 24 hours. Ensure empty storage tank when going away for longer than 24 hours.

4. Any underground tank installation must be at least 1m away from the boundary wall and comply with national building regulations.

5. Filtered greywater for drip/subsurface irrigation, under a thick layer of mulch.Not sprayed for health reasons and to reduce evaporation.

6. Storage tank overflow to sewer.

7. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.

GREYWATER SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION

1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. (Mandatory).

2. Municipal water supply to cistern must be disconnected.

3. Collection, settlement and filtration of greywater in storage tank/s. All tank installations must comply with national building regulations, SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer’s specifications. Greywater water must be used within 24 hours. Ensure empty storage tank when going away for longer than 24 hours.

4. Any underground tank installation must be at least 1m away from the boundary wall and comply with national building regulations.

5. Screen-filtered greywater for drip/subsurface irrigation, under a thick layer of mulch. Not sprayed for health reasons and to reduce evaporation.

6. Collection, disinfection and distribution of greywater in second part of the storage tank.

7. Filtered and disinfected greywater for toilet flushing, using an in-line chlorinator(or other equivalent).

8. Storage tank overflow to sewer.

9. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.

GREYWATER SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION AND TOILET FLUSHING

RAINWATER SYSTEMFOR OUTDOOR USE

1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. Currently not mandatory for systems where there is no connection between the alternative water and municipal drinking water supply. But strongly recommended best practice, as many want to plumb it into the building for indoor use in future and possible contamination to be avoided.

2. Rainwater channeled to storage tank via gutters.

3. Debris diverted by sloped screen.

4. Rainwater for topping up pool or other outdoor use, directly from gutters using gravity feed, via e.g. flexible plastic sleeve. (This is one option, and from a tank is another option).

5. Collection of rainwater in storage tank. Installation of tanks can be below or above ground, but must comply with national building regulations, SANS 10252-1:2012 and SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer’s specifications. Any underground tank installation must also be at least 1m away from the boundary wall.

6. Storage tank overflow to stormwater. If rainwater is treated with any chemicals then the overflow must be discharged to the sewer.

7. Rainwater for drip/subsurface irrigation, under a thick layer of mulch, vehicle washing and/or hard surface cleaning.

8. Rainwater for topping up pool. Pool cover as per requirements of water restrictions.

9. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.

10. This water is not for drinking, cooking or ablution. Preferably, make it a ‘demand’ tap so that nobody drinks from it or wastes water from it.

RAINWATER SYSTEM FOROUTDOOR AND INDOOR USE

1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. (Mandatory).

2. Rainwater channeled to storage tank via gutters.

3. Debris diverted by sloped screen.

4. Rainwater for topping up pool or other outdoor use, directly from gutters using gravity feed, via e.g. flexible plastic sleeve.

5. Collection of rainwater in storage tank. Installation of tanks can be below or above ground, but must comply with national building regulations, SANS 10252-1:2012 and SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer’s specifications. Any underground tank installation must also be at least 1m away from the boundary wall.

6. Storage tank overflow to stormwater. If rainwater is treated with any chemicals then the overflow must be discharged to the sewer.

7. Rainwater for drip/subsurface irrigation under a thick layer of mulch, vehicle washing and/or hard surface cleaning.

8. Rainwater for topping up pool. Pool cover as per requirements of water restrictions.

9. Rainwater for toilet flushing.

10. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.

11. Municipal water supply to cistern must be disconnected when rainwater is used. This may be seasonally disconnected over winter rainfall months, or permanently if there is sufficient storage.

12. This water is not for drinking, cooking or ablution. Preferably, make it a ‘demand’ tap so that nobody drinks from it or wastes water from it.

GROUNDWATER SYSTEM FOR OUTDOOR AND INDOOR USE

1. Municipal drinking water supply into property fitted with a Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve back-flow preventer. (Mandatory).

2. Groundwater sources (wellpoint, borehole or spring water) connected to storage tank.

3. Collection and treatment (if testing indicates it is required) of groundwater in storage tank. Installation of tanks can be below or above ground, but must comply with national building regulations, SANS 2001-CC2 and manufacturer’s specifications. Any underground tank installation must also be at least 1m away from the boundary wall.

4. Storage tank overflow to stormwater or a garden for aquifer recharge if not treated. If treated with chemicals, the overflow must discharge to sewer.

5. Groundwater for drip/subsurface irrigation under a thick layer of mulch (not sprayed for health reasons and to reduce evaporation), vehicle washing and/or hard surface cleaning.

6. Groundwater for topping up pool. Pool cover as per requirements of water restrictions.

7. Groundwater for toilet flushing.

8. Municipal water supply to cistern must be disconnected.

9. Official signage weather proofed, to be placed in main thoroughfare e.g. at entrance and at points of use to warn people not to drink this water.

10. Borehole water meter to be installed by owner as per water by-law.

11. This water is not for drinking, cooking or ablution. Preferably, make it a ‘demand’ tap so that nobody drinks from it or wastes water from it.

PLEASE DO USE – BUT RESPONSIBLY

Under current Water Bylaw & legislation:

• Alternative water systems subject to City approval, and groundwater and surface water subject to national Dept of Water & Sanitation licensing.

• No alternative water for drinking, cooking and body washing (ablution). Due to health risks and City’s statutory responsibility for providing drinking quality water.

• No full ‘off-grid’ for water for homes and smaller businesses. Risks & monitoring/ enforcement costs too high to allow.

• Some ‘off-grid’ for large consumers such as large residential developments and businesses which contract with the City as Water Service Intermediary, and can

show reliable treatment and monitoring system, and backflow-prevention.

Alternative water use entirely at risk of consumer, City not liable.

City approval & inspection

• Current groundwater and treated effluent applications systems stay ‘as is’ for

now. Apply to borehole.water@capetown.gov.za and

treated.effluent@capetown.gov.za respectively.

• Greywater & rainwater applications: download ‘Alternative Water System

Application Form’ from City’s website, see http://cct.gov.za/bC2nV Email with

attachments to water@capetown.gov.za

• Plumbing Certificate of Approval to be compulsory.

• City started engagement with plumbing industry associations IOPSA and PIRB,

and they’re pioneering training programmes now.

CITY WEBSITE USEFUL LINKS SHORT URL

Water By-law (2010) http://cct.gov.za/xAjse

Alternative water sources for your organisation http://cct.gov.za/INIBT

Apply to sink a borehole or wellpoint http://cct.gov.za/99C1r

Register a borehole or wellpoint http://cct.gov.za/juF60

Apply to install and use an alternative water

system

http://cct.gov.za/99C1r

Apply for supply of treated effluent http://cct.gov.za/iNPx2

Water saving toolkits- water saving posters,

guides and materials to download

http://cct.gov.za/iwC7P

ENKOSI DANKIE THANK YOU

PANEL DISCUSSION

• Nokuzola Mhlungu

• Dylan Furst

• Adli Salie

• Shaun Laisai

ENKOSI DANKIE THANK YOU