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Tech-Design®

Alternative EnergyStudent Guide

eSeries

Edition 137666-Q0

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Alternative Energy Table of Contents

Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt vii

Introduction .................................................................................................................1

What Is Energy? .........................................................................................................3To-Do List ..............................................................................................................3Study Guide ...........................................................................................................4Data Sheet: Static Electricity ..................................................................................8

Nonrenewable vs. Renewable Resources ................................................................9To-Do List ..............................................................................................................9Study Guide .........................................................................................................10Impacts Video Response: Coal Mining ................................................................12Data Sheet: Lifestyle Changes ............................................................................13Video Response: Renewable Energy ..................................................................14Data Sheet: Nuclear Power Discussion ...............................................................15

Solar Energy .............................................................................................................16To-Do List ............................................................................................................16Study Guide .........................................................................................................17

Energy Transfer & Transformation .........................................................................19To-Do List ............................................................................................................19Study Guide .........................................................................................................20Data Sheet: Using the Light Adapter ....................................................................22

Solar Cells .................................................................................................................23To-Do List ............................................................................................................23Study Guide .........................................................................................................24Data Sheet: Solar Cell .........................................................................................26

Solar Energy Systems..............................................................................................27To-Do List ............................................................................................................27Study Guide .........................................................................................................28Data Sheet: Active Solar System .........................................................................30

Wind Energy ..............................................................................................................31To-Do List ............................................................................................................31Study Guide .........................................................................................................32Data Sheet: Wind Energy ....................................................................................34

Hydroelectric Energy ...............................................................................................35To-Do List ............................................................................................................35Study Guide .........................................................................................................36

Biomass Energy .......................................................................................................38To-Do List ............................................................................................................38Study Guide .........................................................................................................39

Geothermal Energy ..................................................................................................41To-Do List ............................................................................................................41Study Guide .........................................................................................................42Data Sheet: Alternative Energy for My Neighborhood .........................................44Impacts Video Response: Alternative Energy ......................................................45

Table of Contents Alternative Energy

Student Guide

viii Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

Conserving Energy...................................................................................................46To-Do List ............................................................................................................46Study Guide .........................................................................................................47Data Sheet: Efficiency ..........................................................................................49

The Future of Alternative Energy ............................................................................50To-Do List ............................................................................................................50Study Guide .........................................................................................................51Video Response: Alternative Energy Research and Development ......................55

Appendices ...............................................................................................................57Independent Study

Project Proposal ...............................................................................................59Topic Outline ....................................................................................................60Bibliography .....................................................................................................61Activities ...........................................................................................................62Drawings ..........................................................................................................63

Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt 1

Introduction

IntroductionThis Student Guide is organized by unit. In each unit you may find:

Unit Objectives• New Terms and Words• To-Do List• Study Guide• Data sheets (worksheets)• Video response sheets•

The Unit Objectives are a summary of what you can expect to learn in the unit.

New Terms and Words provide the definitions for words you may not be familiar with. If you come across any other words you do not understand, look them up in a dictionary, write the definitions, and add them to your Student Guide. Understanding vocabulary is the biggest key to understanding any information.

The To-Do List helps you keep track of all the work you do.

The Study Guide will help you to take notes as you read the unit. You can use this to study for the unit test. You can use all of the unit Study Guides to study for the course test.

Data sheets or worksheets provide space to record information or answer questions about activities. Some also give you a place to write down the details of your projects.

Video response sheets are worksheets that go with the videos you will watch. After you watch a video, answer the questions on the video response sheet.

You can save any other work you do for this course in this guide.

Use the Student Guide to study what you have learned. Your teacher may also ask to collect your work for a grade.

Student Guide

2 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

Introduction


Alternative Energy Unit Details

Name: Date:

What Is Energy?

ObjectivesDuring this unit, you will:

describe types of energy.•discuss forms of energy.•demonstrate a form of electricity.•calculate potential energy.•review the Timeline and complete the Timeline Activity.•

To-Do List Complete the following assignments. Use this to-do list to keep track of each task.

To-Do Due Date Notes

F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Static Electricity

F Timeline Activity

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordscalories—the quantity of heat energy necessary to raise the temperature of a gram of water one degree Celsius. When used by nutritionists, the word calorie actually refers to kilocalories and indicates the amount of energy contained in food.carbon footprint—an expression used to describe the effect of emissions on global warming. Reducing the carbon footprint means reducing carbon dioxide emissions, a by-product of fossil fuels.conductor—a material that is capable of transmitting electricity. Some good conductors of electricity are copper, silver, and aluminum.electrons—are the negatively charged particles of an atom.matter—any substance that exists as a solid, liquid, or gas.metabolism—the rate at which we burn calories.molecules—a group of atoms bonded (joined) together.thermal equilibrium—when two or more objects that have been in contact reach a common temperature.

Additional Equipment RequiredBalloons Pith ballsWool Electroscope assemblyTwo electroscope leaves

????

Unit Details Alternative Energy

Student Guide4 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

Name: Date:

Study Guide

What Is Energy?

What Is Energy?I.

Everything that A. has energy.

Energy is the B. .

When an object moves a force through a distance, this is C. .

Energy SystemsII.

One way to think of energy is as A. – many parts working

together to achieve a purpose.

All systems have same four components = B.

Input is 1.

Process – change that takes place in the 2.

Output – force that can 3.

Feedback – 4. so that it can be used safely

and effectively.

The food you eat gives your body the C.

.

Energy stored in food is D. when the chemical make-up of the

substance changes in the body (chemical energy)

Body uses food in two ways:E.

As a 1. for body heat, metabolism, muscular

activity and work

As a 2. for the continual repair and

maintenance of all tissues



All packages of food have labels that give F. , including

the number of calories – this tells you how much chemical energy is in one serving

Types of EnergyIII.

Two types of energy:A.

Potential energy – 1. ; energy waiting to be

used

Examples are stretching, compressing, twisting or bendinga.

Kinetic energy – energy in 2.

Winding a watch stores potential energy in the watch spring; as energy is released, a.

the released energy or kinetic energy moves the watch parts.

Forms of EnergyIV.

Energy exists in different forms.A.

The main forms are B.

.

All forms of energy can be made to C. for us.

One form of energy can change D. ,

for example, solar-powered calculators turn light energy into electrical energy.

Chemical EnergyE.

Energy stored in the 1. in their

molecules.

Some energy is released as heat and light when these bonds 2.

.

Burning wood is a chemical change; heat and light are released.3.

Electrical EnergyF.

The result of electrons traveling from 1.

by way of a material known as a conductor



Negatively charged electrons of one atom are attracted to the positively charged protons 2.

of another atom, causing a

Flow of electrons is called 3.

Thermal EnergyG.

The movement of 1. of a substance

Includes both kinetic and 2. energy

The amount of thermal energy an object has depends upon its 3.

.

The movement of 4. is called heat.

Heat flows from 5. until they reach

thermal equilibrium.

Light EnergyH.

Also called 1. energy

Energy that is said to travel in a 2.

Electromagnetic radiation – energy released by the sun travels through space in 3.

. Light is the small part of

electromagnetic radiation that can be seen.

Mechanical EnergyI.

The same energy possessed by 1. .

Can be the result of either 2.

The ability to 3.

Nuclear EnergyJ.

Also called 1.

Released when the 2. of uranium or plutonium

is changed

One process of changing nuclei and releasing energy is called a.



Another process is called b. where two light atoms are

combined to form one heavy atom, joining the two nuclei

Calculating EnergyV.

The formula for calculating A. is

PEgrav = mass(kg) x acceleration due to gravity (9.8 meters/sec2) x height (to which the

object is raised) in meters.

The resulting energy is in B. (kg m2/s2)



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Static Electricity

As you complete the activity, record your observations and answer the questions below.

When you rub the balloon against your clothing or against the wool, what do you observe?

_____________________________________________________________________________

What happens when you hold the pith balls side-by-side?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Does the pith ball “stick” to the balloon? Why?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Does the balloon stick to the wall after it is rubbed against your clothing or the wool? Why?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

When you rub the balloon against your clothing or the wool and place it near the top of the electroscope, what happens to the metal leaves in the electroscope? Why?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

How does this activity demonstrate the transfer of energy?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________



Name: Date:

Nonrenewable vs. Renewable Resources


identify nonrenewable and renewable energy resources.•examine advantages and disadvantages with using these energy resources.•debate the use of nuclear energy as an alternative to fossil fuels.•



F Study Guide

F Impacts Video Response: Coal Mining

F Data Sheet: Lifestyle Changes

F Video Response: Renewable Energy

F Data Sheet: Nuclear Power Discussion

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsacid rain—pollutants that appear when fossil fuels are burned, mix with moisture in the air and fall to Earth in rain, snow, or even fog. This is called acid rain, and it presents dangers to plants, wildlife, and humans.greenhouse effect—the natural buildup of heat trapped by atmospheric gases that let visible light in but keep some of the infrared radiation from leaving Earth’s atmosphere; also called global warming.

??



Name: Date:

Study Guide

Nonrenewable vs Renewable Resources

Nonrenewable Energy SourcesI.

Have a A. and cannot be replaced or renewed

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) are B. energy sources

They develop in the earth as a result of 1. acting

on formerly living materials

Contain stored 2. which is released when the fuel

is burned

CoalC.

Rocklike material, usually black or brown1.

Coal’s major market is 2.

Coal is also used as a raw material for chemical manufacturers, paper mills, metal 3.

industries and the food industry

Using coal as 4. produces pollution

PetroleumD.

Crude oil or petroleum was first used as 1.

Began to be used as a fuel to heat homes cheaply at the 2.

Petroleum comes from a well and is a mixture of 3.

.

The gaseous part is 4. – a mixture of methane,

ethanes, propane, butanes and pentanes (hydrocarbons)

60% of energy used today comes from 5.

Renewable Energy SourcesII.

Reasons for developing alternative types of energy:A.

Fossil fuels are being used 1.



Environmental concerns 2.

Burning fossil fuels releases a. into

atmosphere resulting in greenhouse effect and acid rain

Renewable energy sources are those that will not run out because they can be B.

.

Energy in the 1.

are examples.

These energy sources will not run out and provide energy with 2.

than energy from fossil fuels.



Name: Date:

Impacts Video Response: Coal Mining

View the Coal Mining video in the multimedia presentation, then complete this worksheet.

What were two early inventions that were meant to make mining safer?

_____________________________________________________________________________

According to the video, what were the two possible causes of the Monongah, West Virginia coal mining accident?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

In response to the increasing loss of life in coal mines, what group did the U.S. Congress establish in 1910? What was its purpose?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What two other situations helped make safer working conditions and eliminated the use of young children in the mines?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Name two improvements to mining over the last 25 years mentioned in this video.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What health issue continues to affect 4% of all coal miners?

_____________________________________________________________________________

Coal is still used by power companies to provide electricity to homes. This provides jobs for many people. Providing more power through alternative energy would reduce the need for coal, and the need for some of the coal miners. Coal mining is still a dangerous job. You are a United States Senator representing a coal mining state. Where do you stand on the increased use of alternative energy? How will you address the increasing unemployment for miners if alternative energy programs succeed?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Lifestyle Changes

What do you consider the most important impact on your lifestyle of a dwindling petroleum supply?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What do you consider the least important impact on your lifestyle of a dwindling petroleum supply?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What did your partner consider the most important impact on his/her lifestyle of a dwindling petroleum supply?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

What did your partner consider the least important impact on his/her lifestyle of a dwindling petroleum supply?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Brainstorm with your partner some ideas that might make this potential change in lifestyle a smoother transition. Record those ideas below.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________



Name: Date:

Video Response: Renewable Energy

View the Renewable Energy video in the multimedia presentation, then complete this worksheet.

Why isn’t energy from water, wind, and the sun free?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

How would you feel if your utility bill was about 25% higher because your utility company decided to use only a combination of hydroelectric power, wind power, and solar power to provide your electricity? Provide reasons for the way you feel.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Nuclear Power Discussion

Be sure to view the Nuclear Power video in the multimedia presentation before having this discussion.

Summarize your opinion about nuclear power below. Support your opinion with facts learned in this course.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Summarize the opinion of your partner about nuclear power below. What facts learned in this course did he/she use to support his/her opinion?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Has listening to your partner’s opinion made you change your opinion? Why?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________



Name: Date:

Solar Energy


explore solar energy.•describe the techniques used to collect, concentrate, and convert sunlight into usable •energy.identify the components on the Alternative Energy Trainer.•



F Study Guide

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsheat exchangers—a device used to move or transfer heat energy from one medium to another. The radiator of a car is one type of heat exchanger.

Additional Equipment RequiredAlternative Energy Trainer

????



Name: Date:

Study Guide

Solar Energy

Solar EnergyI.

The sun is an excellent source of free A. energy.

Most of our energy comes either B. from the

sun.

Because C. is the word for sun, sun energy is called solar energy

Solar energy is produced in a massive D.

inside the sun that releases huge amounts of energy.

Collect, Concentrate, and ConvertII.

Solar energy systems depend on A. the solar

energy in matter for some period of time.

Some storage techniques are B.

.

Passive Solar HeatingIII.

A passive solar system is a basic solar heating system that has A.

.

Passive solar systems are generally part of the B.

.

Examples are sunlight through large south-facing windows, brick or masonry floors.1.

Direct gain solar heating – heat transfers from the warm bricks to the cooler room air2.

Active Solar and Solar Thermal HeatingIV.

Active solar heating systemsA.

Use 1. to distribute heat.

Examples are solar collectors, piping, fans, pumps, motors, heat exchangers, and 2.

storage tanks.



3. , then moves heat to

where it is to be used and stores heat for later use

Generally used for 4. , but can produce high

temperatures for generating electricity (solar thermal heating).



Name: Date:

Energy Transfer & Transformation


describe how energy transfers from one object to another.•define energy conversion.•identify indirect and direct conversion.•explain energy efficiency.•operate a light adapter.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Using the Light Adapter

F Unit Test




Name: Date:

Study Guide

Energy Transfer & Transformation

Energy TransferI.

Energy can be transferred by A. .

Heat can be transferred by B. , ,

or .

Conduction – two objects touching each other transfer heat from object at 1.

.

Convection – transfers heat by 2. .

Radiation – thermal energy transferred in vacuum; becomes 3.

when it touches an object and is absorbed by that object.

Mechanical energy is the result of C. .

Work is done when a force moves an object 1.

.

When the force that moves the object is from another object, mechanical energy has 2.

been .

Energy ConversionI.

Changing of energy from A.

It is common to convert energy to a new form to make the energy 1.

Energy may be converted 2. before it is used to do

work – indirect conversion

Energy used after only one conversion – 3.

Example: solar cell turns energy from the sun directly into electricitya.

Energy conversion achieves two things:B.

Unlocks energy so that it can be used to 1.

Changes energy into a form that is 2.



Electrical PowerII.

Most energy humans consume is A.

Most electric power is generated at B.

Common energy sources are C.

The pressure to move electricity along is called D.

Step-up and Step-down transformers are used to E.

in electric current

A transformer is an electrical device that through the use of a 1.

, changes voltage in electric current

EfficiencyIII.

Whenever energy is converted form one form to another form, it loses some of its A.

, decreasing efficiency of the power system

There are B. required to light a room:

solar energy is transformed by 1. into food for

plants

plants die, decay and form 2.

coal is burned, giving up 3. as heat

heat with water creates steam to run 4.

turbine drives generator to create 5.

electrical power is converted into 6.



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Using the Light Adapter

Record your data and the results of your calculation on this data sheet.

Practice Readings Light Adapter Range

Light Intensity Reading

Multiply by this Factor

Lux

1

2

3

From Sun Lamp

1

2

3

Where was the light more intense – in the classroom or under the sun lamp?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Why is it sometimes necessary to adjust the range on the light adapter? What is the indication that the range must be adjusted?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________



Name: Date:

Solar Cells


explore solar cells.•demonstrate how a solar cell works.•experiment measuring different light intensities to evaluate solar cell output voltage.•identify solar applications.•examine how nanotechnology is impacting alternative energy.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Solar Cell

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordslead—is a wire that electrically connects one circuit element to another.photons—particles or bundles of electromagnetic energy that travel through space and give up their energy when they strike a surface they can’t pass through; tiny packets of electromagnetic energy that make up the particle nature of light.semiconductor—the material from which solid-state devices (transistors, solar cells, etc.) are made, offers some resistance to electrical current. This material, unlike the material of a conductor, which allows electric current to flow through it, only partially conducts electricity.

Additional Equipment RequiredAlternative Energy Trainer Light adapterSolar panel assembly

????



Name: Date:

Study Guide

Solar Cells

Photovoltaic CellsI.

Solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, turns A. into

electricity

It is a B. energy converter

Photovoltaic cells are used in C.

Electricity is created as D. react to the energy

contained in sunlight

Most photovoltaic cells use 1. as a base

Silicon by itself does not have the a. to form

an operational semiconductor

Silicon requires additive materials called b.

Solar cells work in the following way:E.

There are two separate layers of 1. within a cell

When sunlight falls on the cell, it delivers bundles of energy called 2.

As photons strike solar cells, they give up 3.

Electric charges move between two layers in cell, producing 4.

Small amounts of current result from a single cell; to increase current (power) 5.

Solar Cell ActivityII.

The word photovoltaic comes from the words:A.

Photo, which means 1.

Voltaic, which means 2.

Solar cells help light produce electricityB.



Solar Cell ApplicationsIII.

A solar panel is a collection of A. . Panels are made in a

wide range of for different applications.

The first practical solar cell was developed in the B. in the United

States to power satellites in the space program.

First 1. built in Carlisle, Massachusetts in 1981

Nanotechnology Energizes Solar CellsIV.

Nanotechnology provides a key to improving the A. and

of solar energy and the efficiency of

.

The size of light-absorbing particles, called 1. , affects

the particles’ ability to transfer energy to electrons to

.

These tiny particles replace the 2. as the

.



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Solar Cell

Record your results in the tables below.Sun Lamp Off

Location Room Light Intensity (mV)

Room Light Intensity (LUX)

Solar Cell Output (V)

1

2

3

Sun Lamp On

Location Room Light Intensity (mV)

Room Light Intensity (LUX)

Solar Cell Output (V)

1

2

3

Use the space below for calculating the LUX.



Name: Date:

Solar Energy Systems


calculate energy consumption.•explore active solar systems.•identify types of solar heating systems.•demonstrate an active solar system.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Active Solar System

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordswattage—The electrical power used by a device.


????



Name: Date:

Study Guide

Solar Energy Systems

Using a Photovoltaic SystemI.

A photovoltaic system could be used in your home if you know your energy needs.A.

To figure out your energy needs:B.

List 1. (anything that uses electricity from your power

source)

Identify the 2. of each load (appliance)

Multiply 3. used in a day for each

load = energy consumption

Total all energy consumption figures to determine total 4.

Types of Active Solar SystemsII.

An active solar heating system uses A. to

distribute heat

Collects and traps solar rays with 1.

Moves heat with 2. to where it is

used

Uses storage systems to store 3.

Solar CollectorsB.

must face 1. in the northern hemisphere and

in the southern hemisphere

Should not be shaded by trees, buildings, hills or 2.

Usually receive most sunlight when 3. on roof



Active solar collectors need devices to C. .

Two types are liquid systems and air systems

Liquid Systems1.

Liquid systems use a. as the collector fluid

system consists of a collector, storage tank, pumps, pipes, heat exchanger and b.

controls

collectors absorb c. , then transfer it to the

liquid that circulates through the collectors

heated liquid transfers heat by way of a d.

to water that is held in a storage tank

Air Systems2.

Air is a. for collecting solar energy

Heated air moves directly from collectors to b.

Ducts carry warmed air away from collector and c.

Excess heat is d. in solid material such

as a bin of rock – on cloudy days, system can draw heat from solid storage material

Solar Heating SystemsIII.

Most common solar heating systems used to A.

Three solar heating systems are available: B.

Direct 1. (passive solar heating system)

Direct 2. – cold water from the house supply

replenishes water in solar collector, solar-heated water empties into a supply tank of a

hot water heater.

Indirect or 3. – heated fluid comes from roof

collector and passes off its heat to a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger heats the

water in the supply tank



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Active Solar System

Record your results in the table below.

Selection

TEMPERATURE READINGS

Timed Intervals (Minutes)

Initial Reading 3 6 9 12 15 18

COLLECTOR IN

COLLECTOR OUT/ HEATER IN

HEATER OUT

WATER TANK

Describe the process of heat transfer in this activity.

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Name: Date:

Wind Energy


explore what causes wind.•describe the relationship between wind and energy.•demonstrate how wind energy is converted into electrical energy.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Wind Energy

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsgenerator—a device that creates an electric current when energized by an outside force.

Additional Equipment RequiredAlternative Energy Trainer Red and black leadsWind turbine FanAnemometer adapter

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Wind Energy

Indirect Solar SourcesI.

Kinetic energy is the energy of A. .

There are forms of kinetic energy found in nature – these are the result of B.

and are called indirect solar energy

They include: C.

WindII.

Wind is air in motion caused by the A. of the sun.

Air movement is caused by the uneven heating of Earth – B.

, creating wind

Wind EnergyIII.

Clean, renewable source of energyA.

One of first uses – B.

17C. th century, the became one of most

industrialized nations by using windmills to create usable mechanical energy

Interest in windmills decreased when use of D.

increased

In 1970’s, technological development of wind power as an alternative energy source E.

increased and became a major source of

in the United States

Wind MachinesIV.

Wind turns the A. , which is attached to a generator

to produce electricity

Today’s wind machines use one of two designs: B.



Horizontal Axis Wind MachinesC.

Rotor shaft is horizontal, rotor revolves around 1.

Must be turned so that blades 2. the wind

The number of blades and the size vary3.

Vertical Axis Wind MachinesD.

Rotor spins on 1. , so it can catch the wind from

any direction

The 2. is an example

Wind SpeedV.

The amount of power produced by a wind turbine depends on the A.

and the at the turbine height.

There are B. classes to describe wind speed

Class 2 – 1.

Class 4 – 2.

Class 7 winds – 3.



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Wind Energy

Record your data in the table below.

Fan Speed Wind Speed Wind Turbine Output

0º 30º 60º 90º

LOW

MED

HIGH



Name: Date:

Hydroelectric Energy


explore hydroelectric energy.•describe tidal and wave energy.•



F Study Guide

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsestuary—a place where a river empties into the sea.reservoir—a place where water is collected and stored for use.

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Hydroelectric Energy

Energy from WaterI.

Water covers about A. of the Earth’s surface

It is continuously circulating in the B. between the

surface and the atmosphere, driven by energy from the sun – another example of

One of the oldest methods of using this renewable energy source was the C.

invented around 200 B.C.1.

designed to capture energy from flowing water and 2.

power used to 3.

Types of waterwheelsD.

Undershot waterwheel – water flow 1.

; not very powerful

Overshot waterwheel (1750) – water flows 2.

; more powerful than undershot waterwheel

Water turbine-developed to get E.

of water

HydropowerII.

Today water energy is used almost entirely to A. .

Hydropower converts the energy of B. into electricity

Most common form uses dams on rivers to create large C.

of water

Water released from a reservoir flows through a 1.



Pressure of water causes turbine to spin like a 2. and

drive a generator to produce electricity

The amount of energy available to turbines at a hydroelectric power station depends on:D.

The 1. and the

turbines

The 2. through the

turbines

Hydropower accounts for almost E. the total energy contribution from

renewable energy in the United States

Tidal and Wave EnergyIII.

By using A. , we can also use the

to produce electricity.

Tidal barrages are another way of generating tidal energy. B.

During 1. , water flows into the reservoir of the barrage

and turns the turbines.

During 2. , water stored in the barrage reservoir is forced

to flow out.

There is also tremendous energy in the C. .

1. s are devices that transfer wave energy to usable electricity.



Name: Date:

Biomass Energy


explore processes by which biomass is converted to energy.•describe the characteristics of biofuels.•



F Study Guide

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsbiology—the study of living organismslandfill—the final disposal area for many types of trash. To help minimize damage to the immediate environment, landfills are lined and treated, then the garbage is spread out, compacted, and covered by a layer of soil. Municipal landfills are used for domestic waste (that’s where your garbage from home and school goes); industrial landfills are used for non-toxic industrial waste.mass—refers to the body of organic matter available in a region, country, or in the world.

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Biomass

BiomassI.

Biomass comes from the words A.

B. is an example of using biomass energy

Biomass is C. (trash, sewage, garbage,

agricultural waste, animal dung)

All biomass resources are a form of D. because

the materials once grew and captured sunlight (plants – photosynthesis)

The energy that biomass contains can be E.

in different ways.

How is Biomass Used?II.

Three ways to use biomassA.

Burn to produce 1.

Change into a 2.

Change into a 3.

Biomass currently supplies B. of the total U.S. energy needs

C. is the leading biomass energy resource used for generating power.

Many countries are planting D. to be cut

down and used for biomass energy

Planting more trees for biomass would help the greenhouse effect – E.

Converting Biomass EnergyIII.

Biofuels are the products of A. .

Four ways to convert biomass into usable energy:B.

Burning or 1.



Simplest and most commonly useda.

Produces steam for making electricity or heat for homesb.

Bacterial decay or 2.

Controlled decay of organic material in absence of oxygena.

Produces methane gas (natural gas)b.

Anaerobic digestion help naturally whenever waste decaysc.

3.

Uses yeast to decompose sugars to yield ethanol (a type of fuel) and carbon dioxidea.

Ethanol can be blended with gasoline (gasohol) or burned aloneb.

4.

Converts biomass into gas or liquid fuels by using chemicals or heata.

Energy from Your TrashIV.

Municipal waste is a A. – can be burned in

power plants to generate electric power

When food scraps and wastes decay, they produce methane (main ingredient in natural B.

gas)

Landfill-generated 1. can be burned for energy

Pipes carry the 2. , which is burned for heating or

to produce electricity

C. such as sugarcane residue, nutshells,

crop residues, and rice straw are also used to produce energy.



Name: Date:

Geothermal Energy


investigate renewable energy from Earth.•list the types of geothermal energy sources.•discuss geothermal energy production and economics.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Alternative Energy for My Neighborhood

F Impacts Video Response: Alternative Energy

F Unit Test

New Terms and Wordsgeothermal—Geo means earth and therme means heat.magma—rock so hot it has liquefiedmolten—made liquid by heatshale—fine-grained sedimentary rock

Additional Equipment RequiredCity of Alterna software application

????



Name: Date:

Study Guide

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal EnergyI.

Heat energy that comes from A. that can be captured and

converted into useful energy

It is estimated that there is enough energy at present-day use to last B.

Difficult to C. all this geothermal

energy

Geothermal heat comes from:D.

Two of Earth’s several layers: 1.

a. – outer layer, varies in thickness, thicker under

land masses and thinner under oceans

b. – below lithosphere; made of molten rock or magma

Mantle characteristics2.

Temperatures range from 2000 degrees Fahrenheit to around 6700 degrees a.

Fahrenheit

b. sometimes escapes from underground and makes its

way closer to surface; heats layers of rock

Hot water or steam created when c.

If steam close to surface, d. occur

Geothermal Energy SourcesII.

Four types:A.

1.

Formed when water is trapped in fractured rock below Earth’s crust and heated by a.

magma



Heated water turns to steam or scalding waterb.

2.

Trap water in sand under layers of impermeable shalea.

Heat water by conduction from rocks belowb.

Wells contain methane, main component of natural gasc.

3.

Form when rock has been heated by magmaa.

To use this heat, two holes that form a loop must be drilled into groundb.

Cold water is pumped down one hole, picking up heat from hot rocks, then pumped c.

to surface through other hole

Hot water can be used for generation of electricity or for direct heatd.

4.

Results when molten or partially molten rock is located and accessiblea.

Located at depths of 10,000 to 33,000 feetb.

Good geothermal resources because they are so hotc.

Geothermal Production and EconomicsIII.

Geothermal energy used in many places around the worldA.

Best known sources in U.S. located in B. (California,

Nevada, Utah) and Hawaii

In 2002, geothermal energy produced less than C. of electricity used in U.S. –

enough to supply electricity for over 8 million homes

Cost is D. to produce electricity

Geothermal wells and power plants E.

, so initial construction costs are high

Once built, cost of producing electricity is lower – F.

Geothermal power plant sits on top of fuel source – G.



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Alternative Energy for My Neighborhood

What form of alternative energy would be best for your neighborhood? Consider climate, geography, population, and typical daily energy consumption needs. Be sure to use facts to back up your choice.

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Name: Date:

Impacts Video Response: Alternative Energy

View the Alternative Energy video in the multimedia presentation, then complete this worksheet.

List the five types of alternative energy sources discussed in this video.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________

If you could choose only one form of alternative energy to replace fossil fuels, what would that form be? Discuss the reasons for your choice. Include the benefits and drawbacks that led you to choose this form over others.

_____________________________________________________________________________

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Name: Date:

Conserving Energy


evaluate ways to become energy efficient.•perform an efficiency activity.•explore energy conservation.•examine conservation in transportation.•gain an understanding of the energy needed to run appliances and devices in a home.•



F Study Guide

F Data Sheet: Efficiency

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment RequiredAlternative Energy Trainer Saving Energy at Home software application



Name: Date:

Study Guide

Conserving Energy

Conservation of EnergyI.

When you convert energy it changes into A. ;

total amount of energy at the start is the same as the total amount after the change.

Law of Conservation of Energy – B.

More than C. of energy can be lost in the conversion process, for example, energy is

lost as heat when a light bulb turns electrical energy into light energy.

Losses can be curbed by improving D.

Conserve energy and prevent energy loss by E.

Conservation in TransportationII.

Transportation accounts for about A. of the total energy used in the United

States

The B. cost more in energy per mile than any

other type of transportation, but are also the most used.

Consider alternate modes of transportation: C.

Electric cars1.

Do not use a. and do not pollute the air

Disadvantages: battery too heavy and b.

, constant charging and discharging shortens battery life

Engineers developing new batteries that might allow electric cars to be more c.

RecyclingIII.

ReduceA.

Buy products without much 1.



ReuseB.

Share clothing with others 1.

Donate magazines you have 2.

Reuse 3. as wastepaper basket

liners or as tote bags

RecycleC.

Dispose of newspapers, glass, steel, and aluminum according to 1.

Takes less energy to make products from 2.

Buy products made from 3. (look for the

recycle mark)



Name: Date:

Data Sheet: Efficiency

Record your results in the table below.

Selection

TEMPERATURE READINGS

Timed Intervals (Minutes)

Initial Reading 3 6 9 12 15 18

COLLECTOR IN

COLLECTOR OUT/ HEATER IN

HEATER OUT

WATER TANK



Name: Date:

The Future of Alternative Energy


discuss the future direction of energy technology.•describe the energy career opportunities.•



F Study Guide

F Video Response: Alternative Energy Research and Development

F Careers Activity



Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Future for Alternative Energy

The Future for Alternative EnergyI.

Engineers are currently developing new solar cell technology that is manufactured from A.

inexpensive and noncorrosive materials. These solar cells are printed onto .

Nanoscale fabrication for hydrogen production, storage, and B.

could make the dream of driving a reality.

Wind turbines placed in C. could provide a

significant amount of power. Wind parks located in these waters can generate more energy

than those located at and

sites.

In order to find hidden D. that do not

reach the surface, new exploration approaches are needed. Researchers believe the

development of new evaluation technologies will reduce the

cost of drilling.

The US Department of Energy’s Loan Program’s Office (LPO) is supporting a project that E.

will produce renewable diesel fuel primarily from ,

, and other waste grease streams.

Alternative Energy PerspectiveII.

Primary fuel for homes, industry, and transportation until 1860 was wood – A.

First major alternative to wood was B. .

1. turned London skies black

Increase in 2. among general population

Coal miners – 3.

Environmental concern – 4.



Oil became a popular alternative to coal when C. was

discovered in Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859.

Ethanol was a popular fuel until the Union Congress put a D.

tax on it to support the Civil War

Engines that used ethanol were developed by 1.

Interest in ethanol grew again in 1997, when duel fuel vehicles were built. However, a 2.

shortage of gas stations that meant most were

running on gasoline.

Wind power was harnessed by ancient E. . Designs improved over

history.

F. has seen more continuous success as source of

alternative energy.

Solar power used in ancient G. ; became popular during World War II due

to .

Career OpportunitiesIII.

Most currently in A. industry until 2010

Engineers in demand in B.

industries

Improve fossil fuel products1.

Develop technologies for producing 2.

Develop technologies for 3. to fossil fuels

Discover ways to dispose of and handle 4.

Require 5. ; some 6 years

Geophysicists – energy explorationC.

Explore solid earth for presence of 1.



Use 2. to send sound waves into earth and record echoes that

return from rock layers below; seismologists

this data

Oil industry jobsD.

Geologists study 1.

Petroleum geologists explore for 2.

Petroleum engineers work at exploring and drilling for 3.

Mine surveyors control the direction and extent of mining by doing 4.

at coal mines

Energy and PowerE.

Power engineers 1. and oversee

construction and maintenance of power stations

Electrical engineers 2. systems for the

generation and transmission of electricity

Nuclear Power IndustryF.

Nuclear equipment design engineers 1.

2. plan, design, and oversee

construction of fuel reprocessing systems

Radiation protection engineers ensure safety of 3.

.

Solar Energy IndustryG.

Insulation of older buildings to make them 1.

New construction using 2.

Collect and recycle 3. for energy

Solar system 4.



BiomassH.

Forestry technicians care for and manage 1.

.



Name: Date:

Video Response: Alternative Energy Research and Development

View the Alternative Energy Research and Development video in the multimedia presentation, then complete this worksheet.

According to the video the 2009 budget for the U.S. Department of Energy provides 54 million dollars for wind power research and development and another 39 million dollars for water power research and development. A part of this money comes from the Federal Income Tax and some comes from investors. Since this is only one part of the federal budget in the United States, do you feel that it is appropriate to spend this amount of money for this purpose? Explain your answer.

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Alternative EnergyAppendices

Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt 59Student GuideTech-Design by Lab-Volt 59

Alternative Energy Independent Study

Project Proposal

Name:

Course:

Section:

Topic

State as specifically as possible the idea, question, and/or activity you have chosen.

Description

State why you have chosen this topic, what you expect to learn, any previous experience you had with this topic, and the type of investigation you will conduct.

Materials

State what materials, people, or activities will be involved in the completion of your project.

Due Date:

Instructor’s Approval:

Student’s Signature: Submit this proposal with your completed project.

Student Guide


Independent Study Alternative Energy

Student Guide


Topic Outline

Name:

Course:

Section:

In the area provided, write the outline you will use for your independent study project.

Introduction

Discussion

Conclusion

Due Date:






Bibliography

Name:

Course:

Section:

In the area provided, supply the name, author, publisher, and publication date of the references you plan to use for your independent study project.

Texts1.

2.

Journals1.

2.

3.

Others (Examples: work experience, interviews)1.

2.

Due Date:



Student Guide



Student Guide


Activities

Name:

Course:

Section:

In the area provided, give descriptions of the activities or exercises you plan to incorporate into your independent study project. Include the materials and the time required for each of the activities or exercises.

Activities

Exercises

Due Date:






Drawings

Name:

Course:

Section:

Due Date:



In the area provided, supply rough sketches of any drawings you intend to use in your independent study project. If you need additional worksheets, you may make additional copies.

Student Guide



Student Guide


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