alternate systems of medicines

8/11/2019 Alternate Systems of medicines

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Alternate systems

of medicine


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Alternative medicine is any

healing practice, that does no t

fal l within the realm ofcon vent ional medic ine.

Alternative medicine methods:

diverse foundations andmethodologies. Methods may

incorporate or base themselves

on t radit ional medicine, folk

know ledge, sp ir i tual bel iefs, or

newly conceived approachesto heal ing.

Examples: Ayurveda, Unani,

Homeopathy, s iddha


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YURVED


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Traditional indigenous system of medicine

Ayurveda is the combination of two Sanskrit words

ayu meaning life

ved meaning ancient repository of

knowledge

Combined together: Knowledge or

science of life

Not just a system of medicine but comprehensive guidethat places equal emphasis on the body, mind and

spir i t, and it strives to maintain a healthy and

prosperous life.


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Definition:

The science through which the

scho lars cou ld ascertain the facto rswhich are useful and harm ful for l i fe

and the causat ive facto rs as wel l as

the treatment of d iseases .


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History of ayurveda Introduced in early vedic age, first of its kind in the world.

Indian Mythological lore:

Brahma:

Perceived

Ayurveda

Ashwini

kumaras:

Physicians of

Gods

Indra Dhanvantari

Eight

disciples

Archarya

Sushruta

Sushruta

Samhita


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Mythical account: Originated in kaliyuga by Brahma whowrote Upaveda consisting of:

DharmashastraDharmaveda

Gandharva veda

Ayurveda

Three classic documented texts of ayurveda:

Charak Samhita (Acharya Charak)

Sushruta samhita (Acharya Sushruta)

Astangna Hridayam (Acharya Vagbhatta)


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Branches of ayurveda1) Kayachikitsa:

Branch dealing with principles andmethods of treatment of diseases

based on root cause of disease

2) Shalya Tantra:Deals with surgical treatment of

diseases


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3) Shalakya Tantra:

Deals with diagnosis and treatment of diseasesaffecting eyes, ear, mouth, nose and throat

4) Kaumaryabhritya (pediatrics):Deals with prenatal, postnatal and gynaecology.

5) Agad Tantra (Toxicology):

Deals with diagnosis and treatment of

poisoning


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6) Rasayan tantra:

Maintenance of optimum life span of individual

7) Vajikaran tantra:

Branch of science explains the art of producing

healthy progeny for the creation of a bettersociety

8) Bhuta Vidya:This branch of ayurveda specifically deals

with the diseases of mind or psychic

conditions, which was believed to be

caused by super natural forces.


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Concepts of Ayurveda

1. Purush Vichaya SharirSimilarities in structures and characteristics of

body of individual and universe described.There are Panch Mahabhuttas

Prithvi (Earth)

Jal (Water)

Vayu (Air)

Agni (Fire) Akash (Space)

There is believed to be one more mahabhutta

Braham (Soul)


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2. Tridosha theory Doshas - that which darkens or causes things to

decay.

Three doshas are: Vata

Pitta

Kapha

The doshasare the three primary energeticprinciples which regulate all physiological andpsychological process in the living organism.

A harmonious state between the doshasresults in

homeostasis which is the required foundation forgood health.

A disharmonious imbalance results in a variety ofsigns and symptoms


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Each doshais a synergy of two Mahabutas


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Vata Composed of air

Governs all movement in the mind and body

Too much vataleads to worries, insomnia,

cramps and constipation.

It controls blood flow, elimination of wastes,

breathing and the movement of thoughts across

the mind. It is also responsible for the activation of the

nervous system, hearing and speech; and

expresses as enthusiasm and creativity


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Vatais divided into five types depending upon the site

and specificity of its action. These are: 1] Prana- the main location in the head and controls the

five senses

2] Udana- it is located in the chest region and controls

speech and intellect3] Vyanait is situated in heart and controls all the

voluntary body movements

4] Samanait is located in the stomach and controls

digestion

5]Apana- it is located in the anal region and controls the

expulsion of semen, menstrual blood, excreta and foetus.

At metaphysical level, it promotes the mental balance and

comprehension.


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Pitta Pittais said to be composed of fire and

water

it governs all heat, metabolism and

transformation in the mind and body.

It controls how we digest food, how we

metabolize our sensory perceptions, and

how we discriminate between right and

wrong.

Too much it can lead to anger, criticism,

ulcers, rashes and thinning hair.


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It is divided in five types:

1] Pachakit is located in the duodenum with the major

function being the digestion of food

2] Ranjakit is located in the stomach and forms blood

or Rakta

3] Sadhakit is located in the heart and controls theproficiencies of the mind such as intellect,

4]Aalochakit is situated in the eyes that provides

vision

5] Bhrajakit is located in the skin that imparts pigmentto skin.

Metaphysically, it rules our ability to perceive ideas and

impressions and supposedly stimulates the intellect.


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Kapha It cements the elements in the body, providing the

material for physical structure and maintains the body

resistance by lubricating the joints; providing moisture to

the skin, helping to heal the wounds, filling the spaces in

the body; giving the biological strength, vigor andstability, supporting memory retention and giving the

energy to the heart and lungs.

It is responsible for emotions of attachment, greed and

long-standing envy It is also expressed in tendencies toward calmness,

forgiveness and love.

Too much Kapha leads to lethargy and weight gain, as

well as congestion and allergies.


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The five types are:

1]Avalambak it is located in the chest and serves as

lubricant for throat and heart

2] Kledak- it is located in the stomach and assimilates

food

3] Tarpakit is located in the head and controlsintelligence

4] Shleshakit is present in all the joints and serves as

lubricator

5] Bodhak - it is located in the tongue and perceivestaste.

At a metaphysical level, it governs emotionsincluding

love, compassion, forgiveness, loyalty and patience


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HOMEOP THY


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Introduction Proposed by Samuel

HahnemannGerman

physician

Homeopathy:from Greek hmoios -"like"

+pthos - "suffering

Hahnemann coined the word

allopathy

Allopathy: from Greek allion

different + pathos - suffering

Dr. Samuel Hahnemann

1755 - 1843)


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Principles of homeopathy Four basic principles

1. The simile principle

2. Principle of minimum dose(Potentiation)

3. Principle of single remedy

4. Principle of individualisation


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Simile principle First definition of the Simile Principle was given in an

essay in Hufelands journal, in 1796 by Hahnemann

The great Homeopathic principle is (in Latin) similia

similibus curentur, meaning Let like be treated bylike.

First recorded by Hippocrates (470400 BC)

wherein he stated that healing is found in the

methods of contraries and similars.

Hippocrates wrote that, Disease is eliminated

through remedies able to produce similar

symptoms.


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Hahnemann came upon this principle through a fateful

combination of luck and systematic study

First, through close observation of his patients, he began to

see that when an individual with a mild illness became ill with asimilar but stronger illness, the first illness would be cured.

For example, he noticed that if a patient who had cowpox (a

mild virus) developed smallpox, he/she would lose the

symptoms of cowpox.

Similarly, he noted that patients with whooping cough who

developed measles became free of the symptoms of whooping

cough.

About this same time, Hahnemann was doing experiments with

different medicines of the day, one of which was cinchona barkor quinine.

Hahnemann noticed that when he ingested cinchona bark, he

actually developed the same type of fever that was being cured

by use of the substance.


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It encourages the defense

mechanisms of the body by irritation

It believes that a substance producing

a symptom in a healthy individual will

also cure the same symptom in the

patient.

Drugs are tested on healthy individualto know the symptoms produced by

them and hence their therapeutic

indications


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Principle of minimum dose Minute stimuli initiate the activity of

living organisms, and those of

medium strength promote it, whilestrong stimuli slow it down and very

strong ones stop it.

Thus, a very small dose is prescribedso as not to bring about an enormous

aggravation of patients symptoms


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Potentisation One drop of mother tincture is added to a vial with 9 drops of

water.

The vial is succussed (shaken and pounded) 100 times.

To prepare a 12 X potency, the process of dilution and

succussion is performed 12 times. (there is virtually no

substance remaining)

To prepare a remedy at the C potency, instead of adding 9

drops of water to one drop of mother tincture, the process

involves adding 99 drops of water to one drop of mothertincture.

A 30 C potency is prepared by repeating the process 30 times

To prepare a remedy at the 1 M potency, the process is

repeated 1000 times.


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Principle of single remedy Drug Proving testing of drugs on

healthy individuals

A homoeopathic remedy is chosen on the

basis of its similarity to the state of the vital

energy of the patient (symptoms come

from the deranged vital force).

Each patient only has one vital force,

therefore only one remedy needs to be

given to match it.


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Thus for effecting real cure in the

patient, the practitioner has to find out

a single remedy that producessymptoms with greatest similarity with

the symptoms existing in the patient.

Any other remedy would not be thateffective

Only one drug should be used at a

time.


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Principle of individualisation Human beings react differently to

diseases and medicines.

Thus each patient is treated

individually on the basis of his/ her

symptoms


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The physician has to consider a

whole range of mental, emotional andphysical pathology in order to

understand how the patient is

reacting to the disease.

Accordingly he has to select the

appropriate remedy that will further

stimulate the patients defense

mechanism to combat the disease.


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"The pro cess o f tai lor ing remedies

or treatments to cure a set of

sym ptom s in an ind iv idual ins teadof basing treatment on the

common features of the disease is

known as indiv idualisat ion"


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UN NI


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Introduction Unani Medicine as a healing

system was founded by Hakim Ibn

Sina.

It is also called as Unani Tibb or

Yunani Medicine. It means Greek Medicine

It refers to a tradition of Graeco-

Arabicmedicine

Based on the teachings of Greekphysician Hippocrates, and Roman

physician Galen, and developed into

an elaborate medical System by Ibn

Sina, Al-Zahrawi, Ibn Nafis and

Rhazes.

Hakim Ibn Sina.


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Principle Based on the concept of Four

Humors laid down by Hippocrates

Humorjuice or liquid of any animalor plant.

Health or sickness depends on the

harmony or disharmony of the fourhumors.

The four humors are: blood, phlegm,

ellow bile and black bile


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The resultant quality of the uniform

body is called its mizaj.

The temperament of a substance may

be a mizaj-e-mutadil (balanced one)

or a mizaj-e-ghair-mutadil(imbalanced one).


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Galens concept The temperament of an individual

maybe Sanguine (Red, cheerfully

optimistic), Phlegmatic (sluggish,

clam), Choleric (extremely irritable) or

Melancholic (gloomy)

Any change in the temperament

causes change in the health state of

individual


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Diagnosis & treatment The Unani Physician (Hakim) diagnoses a disease by

feeling the Nabz (pulse) and rhythmic expansion of

arteries by fingers.

Stool and urine examination also help in diagnosis.

Four types of treatment lines are available:

(1) Ilaj bil tadbeer (regimental therapy),

(2) Ilaj bil Ghiza (dietotherapy),

(3) Ilaj bil dawa (Pharmacotherapy) and

(4) Jarahat (Surgery).


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SIDDH


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Introduction The term Siddha means

achievements, and Siddhars

were saintly persons who

achieved results in their valuablemedicines.

18 siddhars contributed towards

the development of Siddha

The originator of siddha is Sage

Agasthya


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Principles of Siddha The universe consists of two essential

entities, matter and energy.

The Siddhas call them Siva (male) and

Shakti (female, creation).

The two co-exist and are inseparable

They are the primordial elements Bhutas

Munn(solid), Neer (fluid), Thee (radiance),

Vayu(gas) andAakasam (ether)


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These five elements (Bhutas) are present in

every substance, but in different proportions.

Earth, water, fire, air and space aremanifestations of these 5 elements

The human anatomy and physiology, causative

factor of diseases, the materials for the

treatment and cure of the diseases, the foods for

the sustenance of the body, all fall within the five

elemental categories

The physiological function in the body ismediated by three substances (dravayas), which

are made up of the five elements.

They areVatham, Pitham,and Karpam


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Vatham Pitham Karpam

characteristic is dryness,

lightness, coldness &

motility

heat, mover of the nervous

force of the body

smoothness, firmness,

viscidity, heaviness

Formed by Aakasam and

Vayu, controls the nervous

action that constitute

movement, activity,

sensation,etc. Vatham

predominates in the bone.

Formed by Thee, controls

the metabolic activity of the

body, digestion,warmth,

luster, intellect, assimilation

etc. Pitham predominates

in the tissue blood.

Formed by munn and

Neer,controls the stability of

the body such as strength,

potency, smooth working of

joints. Karpam

predominates in othertissues

Vatham predominates in

first one third of life when

activity, growth, sharpness

of function of sense, aregreater

Pitham predominates in the

second one third of life

Karpam predominates in the

last one third of life.

Diminishing activity of

various organs and limbs

Location pervades the body

Location- in alimentary

canal from cardiac end of

stomach to end of small

intestine

Location - in chest ,throat,

head and joints - acts as

thermostat of body


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Siddha Pharmacy The diagnosis is made through pulse reading,

body colour, voice, examination of urine and

tongue.

Medicines mentioned in the Pharmacopoeia of

Siddha includes mainly the mercury, sulfur, iron,

copper, arsenic and vegetable poisons.

This system of medicine is prevalent in southern

states of India and in countries where Tamil is

one of the spoken languages.

alternate systems of medicines

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