als geochemistry service schedule 2013 - usd

2013 USD

Schedule of ServiceS & feeS

www.alsglobal.com RIGHT SOLUTIONS RIGHT PARTNER

ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Canada, USA and Mexico

ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Peru, Brazil, Chile and Argentina

CNAS L4264

ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Australia

ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods in South Africa

ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods in Ireland

ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods in Romania

ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in China

ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Kyrgyz Republic

ISO 17025:2005 Accredited Methods & ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Russia

ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Turkey

ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Spain

ALS Geochemistry is the leading full-service provider of analytical geochemistry services to the global mining industry. Our integrated network of over 70 laboratories around the world ensures consistent quality and dependable client service wherever we might meet you. Our services are available through any one of the many general service laboratories listed on the back page of this schedule. We also provide custom services for on-site laboratory and sample preparation facilities as well as mobile laboratories and sample preparation installations.

This edition of our Schedule of Services and Fees describes a broad selection of our global services but it is by no means a comprehensive list. For specific questions please contact our client services team or the lab nearest to you and we will be glad to help. Prices listed here do not contain locally applicable taxes. ALS Geochemistry reserves the right to alter listed prices at any time.

ALS Geochemistry Global Locations

Quality Management SystemsALS Geochemistry believes that one of the foremost requirements of our business is providing the best quality assays to our clients to assist with corporate decision making. We provide this through strategically designed processes and a global quality management system that meets all requirements of International Standards ISO/IEC 17025:2005 and ISO 9001:2008. On every continent ALS Geochemistry has laboratories accredited to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 for specific analytical procedures and the majority of our labs have attained ISO 9001:2001 certification.

The quality program includes monitoring sample preparation and analytical quality control data generated by laboratories, inter-laboratory test programs and regular internal audits. It is an integral part of day-to-day activities, involves all levels of ALS staff, and is monitored at top management levels.

Our global information management system allows access to all processes and quality control information, even at our most remote locations. This same information is available to clients via Webtrieve™, our on-line data access system.

Please contact us for details regarding the scope of ISO registration at individual laboratories.

ISO 9001:2008 Registration in Turkey

Webtrieve™-CoreViewer™ .............................................................................................2

Sample Preparation ......................................................................................................4Sample Submission and Storage ........................................................................................................................... 4ALS Core Shed Services .......................................................................................................................................... 5Selecting Preparation Methods ............................................................................................................................. 6Sample Preparation Packages ............................................................................................................................... 7Individual Sample Preparation Methods .............................................................................................................. 8Specific Gravity, Bulk Density and Miscellaneous Methods ................................................................................ 9

Precious Metal Analysis ..............................................................................................10Gold ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10Silver and Platinum Group Elements ................................................................................................................... 12Concentrates, Bullions and Metallurgical Testing .............................................................................................. 13

Exploration Geochemistry ........................................................................................... 14Ultra-Trace Level Methods Using ICP-AES and ICP-MS ....................................................................................... 15Trace Level Methods Using Conventional ICP-AES Analysis ............................................................................... 17Low Grade Mineralized Materials ........................................................................................................................ 18Low Level Resistive Elements .............................................................................................................................. 18Individual Element Methods ................................................................................................................................ 19Selective Leach Geochemistry ............................................................................................................................. 20Hydrogeochemistry .............................................................................................................................................. 22Biogeochemistry ................................................................................................................................................... 23

Lithogeochemistry .......................................................................................................24Lithogeochemistry Packages .............................................................................................................................. 24Isotope Geochemistry ......................................................................................................................................... 25

Specific Ores & Commodities ......................................................................................26Ores and High Grade Materials ............................................................................................................................ 26Copper .................................................................................................................................................................... 28Rare Earths and Rare Metals ................................................................................................................................ 29Iron Ore .................................................................................................................................................................. 30Bauxite and Laterite ............................................................................................................................................. 32Other Elements and Commodities ....................................................................................................................... 33

Concentrates & Environmental Testing ........................................................................34Concentrates, Bullions and Metallurgical Samples ............................................................................................ 34Acid-Base Accounting ........................................................................................................................................... 35

Other Services .............................................................................................................36Mine Site Services and Mobile Prep Labs ........................................................................................................... 36Mineralogy ............................................................................................................................................................ 38ALS Metallurgy ...................................................................................................................................................... 39

ALS Terms & Conditions ..............................................................................................40

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New from ALS Geochemistry:

CoreViewer™Imagine being able to share up-close images of drill core from your project with colleagues across the web together with detailed graphically displayed geochemistry, geophysical and mineralogical data.

Employee training is made easier. Validation of geological information is instantaneous. Correlations between chemistry and geological context can be identified by remote co-workers or project managers without them having to be physically present to inspect core or sample material in the field. Conclusions and ideas can be shared and convincingly illustrated with others who might not have the luxury of travel to a remote location to physically inspect drill core or sample material.

Collaboration and data sharing are crucial areas of performance for today’s fast paced and widely distributed mining professionals. However, the process of accessing essential baseline data that can support geologic models, ore reserve estimations and illustrate or inform projections and strategies is time consuming and sometimes logistically impossible. New and expanding capabilities offered by CoreViewer™ seek to help address some of these difficulties in a secure and easy to use format over the web.

CoreViewer™ can accept photographs of core, reverse circulation cuttings or even hand samples for upload to our Webtrieve™ system where they can be stored and retrieved at any later time. Photos can be sourced in a variety of ways and can be supplied as digital .jpeg files directly to ALS by the client. ALS Geochemistry can also take the photos for you in any one of our more than 70 locations around the world with the advantage that optimal lighting and photographic method conditions are controlled in a lab environment. Photos can be uploaded from current work or even historic work and then paired with analytical results in the ALS Geochemistry archives.

Once in our system, the combined image and analytical data will be stored under your client ID and will be available for inspection and review at your leisure at anytime from anywhere. Best of all, the storage and retrieval of this information is free.

CoreViewer™ offers a means of achieving a low-cost, widely accessible permanent archive of information that can be easily accessed by users across all levels of a company. It forms a means of achieving a permanent virtual “core library” in combination with relevant analytical, geophysical and mineralogical data.

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OThEr SErviCESExpLOrATiOn GEOChEmiSTry OrES & COmmOdiTiES COnCEnTrATES/EnvirOnmEnTALLiThOGEOChEmiSTrySAmpLE prEpArATiOn prECiOuS mETALS

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Combine this powerful new tool for collaborative data interrogation with links to some of the world’s most-used 3D geological modeling software such as ARANZ Geo’s Leapfrog®, Micromine or Maptek Vulcan™, the world’s leading mine planning software. Users can instantly view the actual drill core and data that forms the basis of an ore reserve or mining model. Best of all, this information can be accessed from anywhere in the world at any time once appropriate password protection and user identification has been verified.

Leapfrog®, Micromine and Maptek™ Window

ALS CoreViewer™ Window

Click on the drill hole you want to view

Your selection opens in your browser

Users of Leapfrog®, Micromine and Vulcan™ can access this data with a simple click on a drill hole in a 3D geological or mine model to see the actual rock and certificate-based analytical data that applies to the point of interest in the model. This provides obvious advantages in rapid interrogation and validation of the high-value interpretations that are made as orebody and ore reserve models are being constructed or audited.

ALS Geochemistry is committed to continued innovation to bring enhanced value to the professionals who use our service. We believe in doing this we will demonstrate what it means to be “Your Technical Services Partner”.

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dESCripTiOn AppLiCATiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Monthly archive of coarse rejects after the first 45 days.Monthly archive of pulps >250g after the first 90 days.

Longer term archiving of coarse rejects.Longer term archiving of large pulps.

STO-REJSTO-BLK

0.650.65

Monthly archive of master pulps after the first 90 days. Longer term storage of pulps. STO-PUL 0.30

Monthly archive of screening reject fractions after the first 45 days. Longer term storage of screening reject fractions. STO-SCR 0.30

Handling and retrieval of archived samples. Stored samples. RET-21 59.55/hour

Disposal of pulps and coarse fractions. Pulps and coarse fractions. DIS-21 By Quotation

Return of samples to client. Returned samples. RTN-21 By Quotation

dESCripTiOn AppLiCATiOn COdE priCE ($)

Sample pick-up service. All sample types. PKP-21 By Quotation


Log sample in tracking system and weigh.

All samples.

Samples received with barcode labels attached to sample bag. LOG-21 0.60

Samples received without barcode labels attached. LOG-22 1.20

Pulps received without barcode labels attached.At least one out of every 50 samples is selected at random for routine pulp QC tests (LOG-QC). For routine pulps, the specification is 85% passing a 75 micron screen. Other specifications may be checked as per client requirements.

LOG-24 1.20

Workorder/administration fee applied per submittal. Single charge for each batch of samples submitted. BAT-01 26.45

Quarantine (heat treatment, storage.) Required for relevant samples imported into Australia.

AQIS approved heat treatment and storage. QAR-01 1.20

Sample Pick-up ServicesSample transportation/pick-up services can be arranged from any of our locations. Please contact your nearest ALS office for details.

Sample Submission Please send your samples to any of the addresses on our website or those listed on the back cover page of this document. Pre-addressed adhesive labels and sample submission forms are available on our website and can be sent to you on request as well. We can also offer advice on shipping your samples to any of our laboratories by surface carrier, air cargo and air express. Detailed information on requirements and regulations for each jurisdiction are on the website.

Sample ArchivingMaterials submitted for analysis are retained free of charge at our laboratories for a limited time. Prepared master pulps are stored for 90 days and coarse and fine reject (residue) fractions are stored for 45 days from the time we issue the final Certificate of Analysis. Reasonable monthly charges will apply to samples archived for longer periods in our facilities.

ALS Geochemistry sample archive facilities provide a secure and organized environment protected from the elements. ALS Geochemistry also provides climate controlled storage environments where required, including freezer storage for unstable samples. All sample archive locations are included in the laboratory tracking system so that all your samples for all your projects can be located to the rack and shelf location in any of our facilities world-wide at all times.

ALS Geochemistry is very aware that confidence and security in the chain of custody for your samples as they pass through our system is paramount. To provide complete traceability, your samples are logged into our proprietary world-wide laboratory information management system and given a barcode at log-in. We encourage clients to barcode samples prior to sending them to our laboratories. Our system will accommodate all major barcode formats.

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Rental space for secure core logging at ALS facilities with full spectrum lights, desk space, access to internet, etc. LOG-COR10

Price on requestHigh resolution, continuous core photo with down-hole depth linked to Webtrieve™ for online viewing. PHO-COR10

Core sawing using automated core saws. SAW-01

Secure core storage at an ALS facility. STO-COR10

ALS Core Shed ServicesALS Geochemistry has introduced a group of services called the “ALS Core Shed” in which we provide services to help you manage your core samples in the field with greater ease and less expense. ALS Core Shed services can be bundled in any combination and cover the full range of handling and management services that clients typically require at a remote drill site.

Clients who ship core directly to the nearest ALS Core Shed facility will find a comfortable, dedicated, secure and safe space in which to lay out and log core. Considerations include lighting and infrastructure to support core photography, equipment to scan core using portable x-ray equipment and in selected locations, equipment to provide infrared and hyperspectral scans for mineralogical information prior to chemical analysis. As with all our services, all information can be readily uploaded to our Webtrieve™ system for easy distribution and access from anywhere in the world.

ALS Core Shed services include:

• Secure and dedicated rental space for layout and logging of core or other materials

• Core cutting services

• High resolution core photography linked to Webtrieve™ for online viewing

• Hand-held portable XRF equipment and analysis for quick point determinations

• Specific gravity and/or bulk density testing

• Secure, barcoded on-site storage that can be seen and monitored via Webtrieve™

• Complete sample preparation and multi-element analysis of core samples as required

In many instances, geologists are forced to operate in new geographies with little logistical support and yet are still expected to collect data that is meaningful and insightful. To support such efforts, many ALS facilities now offer a variety of services to help collect and analyze samples in a highly secure and controlled environment. Together, these services can provide a streamlined and easy way to collect, archive, and retrieve a wealth of information very soon after core is provided to the laboratory.

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1kg

10kg

100g

10g

1g10um 100um

Fire AssayCharge Weights

250g pulp

1kg pulp

Field sample point

Rock or drill core sample

Pulp split sample pointLab sample point

SAFE AREA

WASTE AREA

MAXIMUM PARTICLE SIZE

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1mm 10mm

Selecting preparation methodsProducing a representative sub-sample for geochemical analysis is the first and most important step taken on a sample once it is received at the laboratory. The appropriate methods to use depend on the type and size of the sample and the commodity of interest.

The sub-sampling of rocks and drill core containing precious metals is particularly problematic. The high density of the precious metals (for example, 19.32g/cm3 for gold) and their tendency to form native metal under atmospheric conditions controls their inhomogeneous (“nuggetty”) distribution in the lithosphere and general environment. These properties also enhance particle segregation as soon as the metals are liberated from their host minerals via fine grinding. It is easy to segregate gold particles at the bottom of a sample bag. Many of the precious metals are very soft, so smearing due to over-grinding can be an additional issue during sample preparation.

Gross errors in grade estimation are possible if sampling theory is not correctly applied. The subject matter has been studied in great detail and some basic guidelines for sampling and preparation of rock and drill core are widely available. A 2-10kg drill core or rock chip sample may be completely crushed to a particle size greater than 1mm, and a split taken for fine grinding. The traditional split size of 250g falls on Gy’s Sampling Safety Curve (above) and is suitable for many base metal and rare earth deposits where the ore minerals and commodity elements occur homogenously at this sample size. However, for gold and other precious metals, a minimum split size of 1kg is advised as it falls well within the “safe zone” for sample representivity. This initial pulp split is the most crucial when sampling, and the lab split (fire assay charge weight) has less effect on the quality of the sub-sample.

Accurate results begin with representative samples. Meticulous care is taken in the collection of geological materials to ensure that the laboratory receives truly representative samples. Following sample collection, appropriate laboratory sample preparation protocols must be selected with care to produce the desired homogeneous sub-sample for analysis. ALS Geochemistry approaches sample preparation with the same rigorous quality control procedures and careful attention to detail as any other stage of analysis.

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Login, dry at <60°C/140F, sieve sample to -180 micron (80 mesh). Retain both fractions. Soil or sediment samples. PREP-41 1.40 plus 2.35/kg



Preliminary coarse crushing of large drill core and rock samples. Large drill core and rock samples. CRU-21* 2.65 plus 0.43/kg

Crush to 70% less than 2mm, riffle split off 250g, pulverize split to better than 85% passing 75 microns.

Drill core, rock and chip samples.PREP-31** 7.20 plus 0.70/kg

Crush to 70% less than 2mm, riffle split off 1kg, pulverize split to better than 85% passing 75 microns. PREP-31B** 8.35 plus 0.70/kg

Crush to 90% less than 2mm, riffle split off 1kg, pulverize split to better than 95% passing 106 microns.

Drill core and rocks containing high-grade or coarse gold and/or silver. PREP-33D 9.85 plus 1.20/kg

Crush to 70% less than 6mm, pulverize entire sample to better than 85% passing 75 microns. Drill core, rock and chip samples up to 3kg. PREP-22 9.55

* Size used varies by region; please contact your local client services for the appropriate method code.**Please request PREP-31Y or PREP-31BY for a rotary split option on these packages.

Separation of the clay size fraction from soils. Requires 50g of -180 micron (80 mesh) sieved soil. Soil samples. SCR-CLAY 15.00

Soil and Sediment Samples

As the prime targets for world-class mineral deposits move deeper into the earth, surface sampling is an increasingly vital tool in identifying deep mineralization, which is often under cover of transported sediments or younger lithologies. Soil and stream sediment sampling are often employed in geochemical orientation surveys and coupled with geophysical data in order to establish drilling targets for further exploration.

Drying temperature should be kept low to avoid the loss of volatile elements. Air drying may be requested when the samples are intended for selective leaches targeting the most weakly-bound trace elements. Excessively wet samples require additional drying, which may result in the application of a surcharge.

Sample Preparation PackagesThe preparation process is designed to produce a small, representative and homogeneous sub-sample from the material you submit to the laboratory. Please contact our client service staff or your local laboratory manager to discuss your specific sample preparation and analytical requirements. We have a wide range of expertise available within the ALS Group to help you with most questions you might have.

In particular, it is helpful to advise us of mineralized samples that require special handling or special equipment cleaning cycles to eliminate contamination of other samples that might follow in a batch.

drill Core, rock, and Chip Samples

Preparation of diamond drill core, surface rocks or reverse circulation drill chips requires careful application of sampling theory to produce representative sub-samples, particularly if precious metals are heterogeneously distributed (“nugget effect”) throughout the sample. The packages described below illustrate the most common procedures used to prepare drill core, rock and chip samples for representative analysis. Sample preparation schemes can also be readily customized to suit any particular project requirement. Individual sample preparation codes are listed on the following page. Excessively wet samples may require additional drying, which can result in the application of a surcharge. All PREP packages below include sample login to the laboratory tracking system and weighing.

ALS Geochemistry now offers a rapid, high-quality clay size fraction separation on screened soils. The clay fraction in soils acts as a trap for labile elements migrating to the surface environment from depth, and may be used to enhance subtle geochemical signals or investigate stable metal isotopes for cutting-edge exploration techniques.

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Coarse crushing of rock chip and drill samples to 70% nominal -6mm. Used if the material is too coarse for introduction into the pulverizing mill and as a preliminary step before fine crushing of larger samples.

CRU-21 2.65 plus 0.43/kg

Fine crushing of rock chip and drill samples to 70% nominal -2mm or better.

Standard preparation procedure for samples where a representative split will be pulverized. CRU-31 2.65 plus 0.43/kg

Fine crushing of rock chip and drill samples 85% nominal -2mm. Option for when a finer grind is desired. CRU-36 3.00 plus 0.95/kg

Fine crushing of rock chip and drill samples to 90% nominal -2mm. Option for when a finer grind is desired. CRU-32 3.60 plus 1.15/kg


Drying of excessively wet samples in drying ovens. Default drying procedure for most rock chip and drill samples. DRY-21 2.35 plus 0.48/kg

Drying of excessively wet samples in drying ovens that are controlled to a maximum temperature of 60ºC.

Most soil and sediment samples that are analyzed for volatile elements. DRY-22 2.35 plus 0.48/kg

Air-drying of samples. Selective Leach procedures and others. DRY-23 2.35 plus 0.48/kg


Split sample using a riffle splitter. Standard splitting procedure. SPL-21 1.80 plus 0.33/kg

Split sample using a rotary splitter.Premium splitting procedure.

SPL-22 2.65 plus 0.85/kg

Split sample using a Boyd crusher/rotary splitter combination. SPL-22Y 1.80 plus 0.33/kg

Split a received pulp sample for various uses. Pulp splitting procedure. SPL-34 0.65


Pulverize a split or total sample up to 250g to 85% passing 75 microns.

Default procedure for samples that are finely crushed and split to 250g or less. PUL-31 4.20

Pulverize a 1,000g split to 85% passing 75 microns.Large sample size to mitigate nugget effect.

PUL-32 5.95

Pulverize a 1,000g split to 95% passing 106 microns. PUL-35a 7.20

Pulverize entire sample up to 85% passing 75 microns. Appropriate for samples up to 3kg. PUL-21 9.80

Riffle split sample to maximum of 3kg and pulverize split to 85% passing 75 microns. Retain and bag unpulverized reject. Appropriate for RC drill chip samples

not requiring crushing.

PUL-23 7.20 plus 0.90/kg

Riffle split sample to maximum of 3kg and pulverize split to 85% passing 75 microns. Dispose of unpulverized reject. PUL-24 7.20 plus 0.65/kg

Pulverize concentrate sample to 85% passing 75 microns. Cost includes careful cleaning of the pulverizing bowl after grinding. PUL-51 17.85

Splitting

After crushing, some samples may require splitting into representative sub-samples. In many locations automated rotary splitters can be attached to crushers to produce demonstrably superior precision in sub-sample analyses.

Pulverizing

While larger pulps offer better sub-sample representation and are required for metallic screen assays, 250g pulps are routine for low-grade or non-mineralized rock. All pulverizing procedures make use of “flying disk” or “ring and puck” style low-chrome steel grinding mills unless otherwise specified. Please enquire if you are interested in non-metallic pulverization media such as agate, tungsten carbide or zirconia.

Crushing

Jaw crushers may be used to reduce sample particle size prior to pulverization. Very fine crushing may be desirable when nugget effect and sample representivity is a concern. Other nominal sizes and fineness options are available on request.

individual Sample preparation proceduresThe following procedures can be used either separately or combined in a package in order to meet specific needs regarding sample size and composition. Most of these procedures are charged at a rate that is based on sample weight.

Drying

Drying charges are only applied to samples that are excessively wet. Local laboratory managers will determine the applicability of such charges in consultation with the client when the samples are received.

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dESCripTiOn rAnGE COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Specific Gravity on solid objects - OA-GRA08 11.90

Specific Gravity on solid objects after wax coating - OA-GRA08a 15.50

Specific Gravity on pulps using pycnometer - OA-GRA08b 11.90

Bulk Density by water displacement 0.01 – 20g/cm3 OA-GRA09 11.90

Bulk Density – after wax coating 0.01 – 20g/cm3 OA-GRA09a 19.05

Bulk Density by SG and Density of Water 0.01 – 20g/cm3 OA-GRA09s 11.90

Wax removal charge for SG and BG - OA-GRA08wr 5.00


Compositing of two or more samples. May be done by volume/core length (CMP-21) or by weight (CMP-22). As requested. CMP-21

CMP-22 2.10 3.90

Clean crushers with “barren” material after every sample. As required. The standard procedure uses compressed air cleaning between samples and barren material between each batch.

WSH-21 2.35

Clean pulverizers with “barren” material after every sample. As required. The standard procedure uses compressed air cleaning or vacuuming between samples and barren material between each batch.

WSH-22 3.00

Transfer sample to drying tray or new sample bag. As required for samples received in sample bags unsuitable for oven drying, or requiring tray drying.

TRA-21 1.20

Re-bagging sample in new bags. For samples submitted in damaged bags. BAG-01 1.20

Double bag coarse rejects. As requested. BAG-06 1.20

Homogenize stored or composited samples by light pulverizing. As required. HOM-01 5.30

Screening of samples to any number of standard size fractions, as specified by the client. Weight of undersize fraction reported for each screen size.

Fraction sizing or custom screening as requested. SCR-51 5.95/screen size

Specific Gravity & Bulk densitySpecific Gravity (SG) and Bulk Density (BD) of ores are often under-characterized in the determination of tonnage and grade of a deposit. Incorrect assumptions or inadequate characterization of these basic rock properties can lead to gross errors in deposit tonnage. SG is determined by weighing a sample in air and in water, and it is reported as a ratio between the density of the sample and the density of water. BD is the density of a material in weight per unit volume, and it is determined by the weight of a sample and the volume of water the sample displaces. Calculations for SG and BD are corrected for air temperature and the density of the wax coating, if a wax coating is used. Solvents other than water are available in some locations; please enquire for more information.

miscellaneous proceduresThese procedures may be used when specialized preparation or sample compositing is required. An hourly labor charge may apply to time-intensive projects.

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AnALyTE rAnGE (ppm)** dESCripTiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Trace LevelAu 0.001-10 Au by fire assay and ICP-AES.

30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight

Au-ICP21 Au-ICP22

16.1019.00

Au 0.005-10 Au by fire assay and AAS. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight

Au-AA23 Au-AA24

15.5018.45

Ore GradeAu 0.01-100 Au by fire assay and AAS.

30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight

Au-AA25 Au-AA26

16.1019.00

Au 0.05-1,000 Au by fire assay and gravimetric finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight

Au-GRA21 Au-GRA22

20.2024.35

AuAg

0.05-1,0005-10,000

Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish.30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight

ME-GRA21ME-GRA22

26.2030.35

Au 0.05-1,000 1 kg.screen fire assay. Screen to 100 micron. Duplicate assay on screen undersize. Assay of entire oversize fraction.30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight

Au-SCR21*Au-SCR24*

53.6559.45

* Other screen sizes may be available - please contact your local office for details. ** 1 oz/ton = 34.2857 ppm

Gold and other precious metals continue to be highly sought after by mining and exploration companies worldwide as a result of their strong prices in recent years. ALS Geochemistry has the analytical tools and years of experience to help you with this potentially valuable search.

Gold in drill Core, rocks and Chip SamplesSelection of the best fire assay method for the accurate determination of total gold content in a sample is highly dependent on the nature of the sample matrix, the grain size and distribution of the gold and the objective of the analytical result. A wide variety of minerals and metals (such as chromite, base metal sulfides and oxides, selenides, and tellurides) in moderate to high concentrations, can interfere with the fire assay process, generally leading to low precious metal recoveries. With prior knowledge of the presence of these minerals and metals, ALS Geochemistry can modify flux constituents to improve recoveries.

When samples contain high grade or coarse nuggetty gold occurrences, the screen metallic procedure is recommended to help avoid over- or under-estimating gold grades. Custom method triggers can be set up for your project such that gold over a certain concentration will automatically be re-run using a higher-grade method, including screen metallics. Client services at ALS Geochemistry can help you customize a gold assay program to meet your project needs.

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AnALyTES & rAnGES (ppm) COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Ag 0.2-40 Cd 1-5,000 Mn 5-10,000 Sb 2-10,000

ME-ICP43 (25g)

ME-ICP44 (50g)

11.90 complete package or 7.20 plus 0.65/element

As 1-10,000 Co 1-10,000 Mo 1-5,000 Zn 1-10,000

Ba 10-10,000 Cu 1-10,000 Ni 1-10,000

Bi 2-10,000 Fe 0.01%-20% P 10-10,000

Ca 0.01%-15% Mg 0.01%-15% Pb 1-4,000

Ag 0.01-25 Co 0.1-250 Se 0.2-250 U 0.05-100ME-MS43 (25g)

ME-MS44 (50g)


As 0.1-250 Hg 0.01-250 Sn 0.1-250 W 0.05-250

Bi 0.01-250 Mo 0.05-250 Te 0.01-250

Cd 0.01-250 Sb 0.05-250 Tl 0.02-250

AnALyTE rAnGE (ppm) dESCripTiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Super Trace LevelAu 0.0001-0.1 Au by aqua regia extraction with ICP-MS finish.

25g nominal sample weight50g nominal sample weight

Au-ST43Au-ST44

16.65 18.50

Trace LevelAu 0.001-1 Au by aqua regia extraction with ICP-MS finish.


Au-TL43Au-TL44

14.55 16.20

Ore GradeAu 0.01-100 Au by aqua regia extraction with AAS or ICP-MS finish.


Au-OG43Au-OG44

13.90 15.50


Au+ multi-element package*

0.0001-0.1 Au by aqua regia extraction with ICP-MS finish and:ME-MS41L – Ultra Trace Multi-element Aqua Regia PackageME-MS41 – Super Trace Multi-element Aqua Regia Package

ST43L-PKGST43-PKG

37.50 31.15

*ME-MS41 may be packaged with other super trace and trace level gold by aqua regia methods. Please enquire for pricing.

AnALyTE rAnGE (ppm)** dESCripTiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Au 0.0001-10 BLEG – ICP-MS finish BLEG – extraction AA finish

Au-CN12*Au-AA12*

35.70 35.70

Au 0.001-10 BLEG – ICP-MS finishBLEG – extraction AA finish

Au-CN11*Au-AA11*

23.85 23.85

Au 0.01-200 Au by cyanide leach and AAS finish. Au-AA14 29.75

Au 0.01-300 Au by accelerated cyanide leach using LeachWELL™ reagent or AssayTabs™ with AAS finish.

Au-AA15 35.70

*Silver and copper may also be reported by these methods for an additional fee.

Gold in Soils and Stream Sediments

Aqua regia digestions

The determination of gold in soils and stream sediments by aqua regia digestion offers very low detection limits, making it an attractive option for geochemical orientation surveys or when using stream sediments to vector to mineralization. Aqua regia effectively brings the portion of gold occurring natively and bound in sulfide ore minerals into solution, and the solution may be analyzed on the ICP-MS for maximum sensitivity. Depending on the soil composition, gold determined by this method may or may not match recovery from fire assay methods. The 25g charge weight is often sufficient for soils, while the larger 50g weight is recommended for stream sediments as they are less homogenous and require more material to achieve a representative analysis.

Adding multi-Element determinations to an Aqua regia digestion

Our Super Trace and Trace Level aqua regia gold digestions may be combined with a multi-element package to provide a complete, cost effective and meaningful data set for geologists and geochemists.

Cyanide Leach

Bulk Leach Extractable Gold (BLEG) or cyanide leach procedures are used in grassroots exploration where cyanide extraction from a very large sample (500g to 3kg) can sometimes detect small gold anomalies that otherwise would go unnoticed. Cyanide leaching of samples greater than 1kg by quotation.

If only a few elements are required, or ultra-low detection limits are not needed, other alternatives for adding trace element data to aqua regia gold digestions exist.

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Trace LevelAg 0.2-100 Ag by aqua regia digestion and AAS. Ag-AA45 5.90

Ag 0.5-100 Ag by HF-HNO3-HClO4 digestion, HCl leach and AAS. Ag-AA61 8.30

Note: See also multi-element methods that include Ag under “Exploration Geochemistry” (pages pages 15-18).

Ore GradeAg 1-1,500 Ag by aqua regia digestion, ICP-AES or AAS finish. Ag-OG46

(Ag-AA46) 10.70

Ag 1-1,500 Ag by HF-HNO3-HClO4 digestion with HCl leach, ICP-AES or AAS finish. Ag-OG62 (Ag-AA62) 13.10

Ag 5-10,000 Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish.30g nominal sample weight50g nominal sample weight

Ag-GRA21Ag-GRA22

21.4025.55

AuAg

0.05-1,0005-10,000

Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish.30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight

ME-GRA21ME-GRA22

26.2030.35


Trace LevelPt Pd Au

0.005-10 0.001-10 0.001-10

Pt, Pd and Au by fire assay and ICP-AES finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight

PGM-ICP23 PGM-ICP24

18.9022.05

Pt Pd Au

0.0005-1 0.001-1 0.001-1

Pt, Pd and Au by fire assay and ICP-MS finish. 30g nominal sample weight 50g nominal sample weight

PGM-MS23 PGM-MS24

19.3022.25

Rh 0.001-1 Rh by fire assay, gold collection and ICP-MS 30g nominal sample weight Rh-MS25 21.10

Pt Pd Ir Os Rh Ru Au

0.02-100.02-100.001-100.01-100.005-100.05-100.001-10

Pt, Pd, Ir, Os, Rh, Ru and Au by fire assay with nickel sulfide collection and neutron activation analysis.

30g nominal sample weight

Note: Au is not quantitative by this method.

PGM-NAA26 148.85

Ore GradePt Pd Au

0.03-100 0.03-100 0.03-100

Pt, Pd and Au by fire assay and ICP-AES (or ICP-MS) finish. 30g nominal sample weight PGM-ICP27 22.05

SilverTrace level and low-grade silver samples may be analyzed by acid digestion for maximum sensitivity and precision. Because silver can suffer from the nugget effect similar to gold, occasional duplicate analysis of Ag acid digestion methods may help avoid sampling error at these low levels. For ore grade samples, fire assay is an option to increase sample size.

platinum, palladium & Other precious metalsPlatinum, palladium and gold may be determined together by standard lead oxide collection fire assay and ICP-MS or ICP-AES finish. For the full list of platinum group elements, nickel sulfide collection fire assay and neutron activation must be used for a quantitative analysis.

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ConcentratesAu, Ag 0.07-999,985

0.07-995,000Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish.30g sample weight required.

Au-CON01Ag-CON01 82.50 each

Pt, Pd, Rh 0.07-1,000,000 Pt, Pd and Rh by fire assay and AAS finish.30g sample weight required.

Pt-CON01Pd-CON01Rh-CON01

86.40 71.45 86.40

BullionAuAg

0.01-1,000 fineness0.01-1,000 fineness

Routine bullion assays by fire assay with gravimetric finish. Au-GRA24Ag-GRA24 126.00 each

Au, Ag 0.07-1,000,0000.7-1,000,000

Umpire assay for bullion samples by fire assay with gravimetric finish. Au-UMP20Ag-UMP20 198.00 each

Pt, Pd, Rh 0.07-1,000,000 Umpire assay for bullion samples by fire assay with gravimetric finish. Pt-UMP20Pd-UMP20Rh-UMP20

178.60 each


Au 0.001 - 2500 mg/L Au in cyanide liquor by extraction with AA finish. Au-AA16 21.40

Au 1-10,000 Au on carbon by ashing, aqua regia digestion and AAS. Duplicate analysis. Au-AA44 38.10

Note: A range of elements can be determined on the ashed carbon by ICP-AES/ICP-MS. Please enquire for full details.


Au, Ag, Cu Au 0.03-50Ag 0.03-350Cu 0.1-2000

Au, Ag, Cu by cyanide leach with AAS finish.30g nominal sample weight.

Au-AA13Ag-AA13Cu-AA13

9.55 plus 4.75/element

Au 0.03-500 Au Preg Rob Leach with Gold SpikeAu Preg Rob Leach without Gold Spike

Au-AA31Au-AA31a 10.70 each

Note: Cyanide disposal fees apply in some countries.

Gold in solution in cyanide liquor or captured on activated carbon may be determined for metallurgical purposes.

In mining and exploration applications, cyanide leach tests are used to establish the potential cyanide extraction efficiency for gold, silver and copper. Various temperature and cyanide concentration configurations are available; please contact client services for more information. Specific to gold, the preg-rob leach test can identify the tendency of certain ores to re-adsorb gold from the cyanide solution, causing lower recoveries than anticipated. Graphite and certain sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite can cause preg-robbing behavior.

Precious Metals in Metallurgical Samples

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Exploration geochemistry utilizes trends and patterns in trace element distribution as indicators of concealed mineralization deep below the surface or at a great distance from the current location. Increasingly, today’s explorers require lower detection limits and a wider range of elements to identify prospective targets.

Method selection can be key to achieving exploration success. Sample type, along with target commodity and pathfinder elements should all be considered in selection of the most appropriate method. Stream sediments and soils typically require methods with the lowest possible detection limits for pathfinder elements. ICP-MS methods are also being used on rock and drill core samples where the subtle patterns in ultra-trace elements require the best possible detection limits for delineation. ALS Geochemistry offers a wide range of multi-element and single-element methods that can satisfy the requirements of today’s exploration geochemists, both technically and economically.

The amount of a particular element taken into solution by a digestion method will depend both on the sample matrix and the strength of the dissolution procedure. Aqua regia dissolves sulfides and mobile elements associated with Fe, Mn oxides. The four acid digestion is considered “near total”, but does not dissolve resistant silicate and oxide phases (e.g., zircon, chromite). Fusion methods (i.e., lithium borate, sodium peroxide) are designed to ensure 100% of the sample is digested but require different chemistries for various sample types. The table below lists some common ore deposit types, and their relative solubility with respect to these digestion methods. The information is by no means exhaustive and is provided only as a basic guideline.

dEpOSiT TypE mAjOr ELEmEnTS And pAThfindErS SuGGESTEd mEThOd COdES

Carlin-type GoldAn aqua regia digestion will effectively bring the sulfide, carbonate and oxide minerals associated with Carlin-type gold deposits into solution.

Ag, As, Au, Ba, Bi, Hg, Tl ME-MS41Au-ICP21

porphyry Copper-Gold-molybdenumAqua regia readily dissolves copper and iron sulfide containing gold in porphyry deposits; however, for exploration geochemistry, molybdenum may require a four acid digestion for accurate results. Re-Os isotopes determined on molybdenite may differentiate distinct episodes of mineralization.

As, Au, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb, Re, Sb, Te, Zn, Re-Os isotopes ME-MS41ME-MS61Au-ICP21Re-ISPT01

Epithermal Gold and Silver-CopperSome pathfinder elements for epithermal deposits are resistive, necessitating a four acid digestion to ensure anomalies in Mo and W are detected. The analytical program can be augmented with aqua regia digestion for mercury and boron, also common pathfinders for epithermal gold.

Au, Ag, Cu, As, Zn, Pb, Sb, Mo, Bi, Sn, Te, W, B, Hg ME-MS61Hg-CV41B-ICP41

Au-ICP21

polymetallic Silver-Gold-Lead-ZincComplex ore mineralogy in these deposits needs a four acid digestion to ensure all important elements are analyzed during exploration. Alteration aureoles around veins may include mercury, requiring an aqua regia digestion to avoid volatilization.

Ag, Au, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ba, As, Hg ME-MS61Hg-CV41Au-ICP21

nickel-Copper-pGE SulfideRatios of certain elements, typically resistive, can indicate the presence of these deposits. A four acid digestion is required for exploration and sodium peroxide fusion can be used to identify magmatic and non-magmatic sources.

Ni, Cu, PGEs, Co, Cr, Zn, Si, Ti, S isotopes ME-MS61PGM-ICP23ME-ICP81S-ISTP01

pegmatites with rare Earth Elements and uncommon metalsThe commodities in pegmatite deposits occur in highly resistive, complex silicates and oxides requiring a total fusion for accurate analysis.

REEs, U, Th, Be, Nb, Ta ME-MS81

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51 Elements by Aqua regia, iCp-mS and iCp-AES


Ag 0.01-100 Cs 0.05-500 Mo 0.05-10,000 Sr 0.2-10,000

ME-MS41 22.35

Al 0.01-25% Cu 0.2-10,000 Na 0.01%-10% Ta 0.01-500

As 0.1-10,000 Fe 0.01%-50% Nb 0.05-500 Te 0.01-500

Au 0.2-25 Ga 0.05-10,000 Ni 0.2-10,000 Th 0.2-10,000

B 10-10,000 Ge 0.05-500 P 10-10,000 Ti 0.005%-10%

Ba 10-10,000 Hf 0.02-500 Pb 0.2-10,000 Tl 0.02-10,000

Be 0.05-1,000 Hg 0.01-10,000 Rb 0.1-10,000 U 0.05-10,000

Bi 0.01-10,000 In 0.005-500 Re 0.001-50 V 1-10,000

Ca 0.01%-25% K 0.01%-10% S 0.01%-10% W 0.05-10,000

Cd 0.01-1,000 La 0.2-10,000 Sb 0.05-10,000 Y 0.05-500

Ce 0.02-500 Li 0.1-10,000 Sc 0.1-10,000 Zn 2-10,000

Co 0.1-10,000 Mg 0.01%-25% Se 0.2-1,000 Zr 0.5-500

Cr 1-10,000 Mn 5-50,000 Sn 0.2-500

Super Trace 51 Elements by Aqua regia, iCp-mS and iCp-AES


Ag 0.001-100 Cu 0.01-10,000 Nb 0.002-500 Ta 0.005-500

ME-MS41L 25.75

Al 0.01%-25% Fe 0.001%-50% Ni 0.04-10,000 Te 0.01-500

As 0.01-10,000 Ga 0.004-10,000 P 0.001%-1% Th 0.002-10,000

Au 0.0002-25 Ge 0.005-500 Pb 0.005-10,000 Ti 0.001%-10%

B 10-10,000 Hf 0.002-500 Pd 0.001-25 Tl 0.002-10,000

Ba 0.5-10,000 Hg 0.004-10,000 Pt 0.002-25 U 0.005-10,000

Be 0.01-1000 In 0.005-500 Rb 0.005-10,000 V 0.1-10,000

Bi 0.001-10,000 K 0.01%-10% Re 0.001-50 W 0.001-10,000

Ca 0.01%-25% La 0.002-10,000 S 0.01%-10% Y 0.003-500

Cd 0.001-1000 Li 0.1-10,000 Sb 0.005-10,000 Zn 0.1-10,000

Ce 0.003-500 Mg 0.01%-25% Sc 0.005-10,000 Zr 0.01-500

Co 0.001-10,000 Mn 0.1-50,000 Se 0.1-1000

Cr 0.01-10,000 Mo 0.01-10,000 Sn 0.01-500

Cs 0.005-500 Na 0.001%-10% Sr 0.01-10,000

individual Elements by Aqua regia, iCp-mS


Ag 0.01-25 Hg 0.005-25 Se 0.2-250 U 0.05-250

(+)-MS42 11.90 plus 1.20/elementAs 0.1-250 Mo 0.05-250 Te 0.01-250

Bi 0.01-250 Sb 0.05-250 Tl 0.02-250

*Add element symbol as prefix to method code.

ultra-trace Level methods using iCp-mS & iCp-AES

Aqua regia digestion with Low detection Limits for drill Core and rocks

While most matrices are not fully digested by aqua regia, the data from these packages can be excellent exploration tools. Many base metals dissolve quantitatively.

In the majority of geological matrices though, data reported from an aqua regia leach should be considered as representing only the leachable portion of the particular analyte. Minimum sample size is 1g. Coarse and malleable minerals such as native gold and silver may not be representatively characterized by the small sample sizes used in these methods (nugget effect). In these cases fire assay or the super-trace aqua regia methods described on pages 10 and 11 may be preferable, in combination with the ME-MS41 methods.

Aqua regia digestion with ultra Low detection Limits for Soils and Stream Sediments

The aqua regia digestion using a combination of ICP-AES and ICP-MS, with sophisticated software and careful analysis, provides an extremely low detection limit, multi-element package useful for exploration in areas requiring ultra-trace analytical sensitivity, such as soil or sediment surveys. This method is also available for clay separates (described in Sample Preparation). Minimum sample size is 1g.

Aqua regia Single Element iCp-mS methods

These methods are effective options when analytical results for one or only a few elements are required. You can create your own package of elements specific to your exploration program. More elements are available on request.

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48 Elements by four Acid, iCp-mS and iCp-AES


Ag 0.01-100 Cu 0.2-10,000 Na 0.01%-10% Sr 0.2-10,000

ME-MS61

ME-MS61m

26.80

36.35

Al 0.01%-50% Fe 0.01%-50% Nb 0.1-500 Ta 0.05-100

As 0.2-10,000 Ga 0.05-10,000 Ni 0.2-10,000 Te 0.05-500

Ba 10-10,000 Ge 0.05-500 P 10-10,000 Th 0.2-10,000

Be 0.05-1,000 Hf 0.1-500 Pb 0.5-10,000 Ti 0.005%-10%

Bi 0.01-10,000 In 0.005-500 Rb 0.1-10,000 Tl 0.02-10,000

Ca 0.01%-50% K 0.01%-10% Re 0.002-50 U 0.1-10,000

Cd 0.02-1,000 La 0.5-10,000 S 0.01%-10% V 1-10,000

Ce 0.01-500 Li 0.2-10,000 Sb 0.05-10,000 W 0.1-10,000

Co 0.1-10,000 Mg 0.01%-50% Sc 0.1-10,000 Y 0.1-500

Cr 1-10,000 Mn 5-100,000 Se 1-1,000 Zn 2-10,000

Cs 0.05-500 Mo 0.05-10,000 Sn 0.2-500 Zr 0.5-500

Note: To include Hg by a separate procedure in the suite of elements above, please request ME-MS61m instead of ME-MS61.

rare Earth Add-on to mE-mS61


Dy 0.05-1,000 Gd 0.05-1,000 Nd 0.1-10,000 Tb 0.01-1,000

ME-MS61r 3.55 (add on price)Er 0.03-1,000 Ho 0.01-1,000 Pr 0.03-1,000 Tm 0.01-1,000

Eu 0.03-1,000 Lu 0.01-1,000 Sm 0.03-1,000 Yb 0.03-1,000

individual Elements by four Acid, iCp-mS


Ag 0.02-100 Ga 0.05-500 Se 0.5-500 Tl 0.02-500

(+)-MS62 14.30 plus 1.20/elementAs 0.2-500 Mo 0.05-500 Sn 0.2-500 U 0.1-500

Bi 0.01-500 Re 0.002-50 Te 0.05-500 W 0.1-500

Cd 0.02-500 Sb 0.05-500 Th 0.2-500 + Add element symbol as prefix to method code.

four Acid “near-Total” digestionIn most cases, this procedure quantitatively dissolves nearly all minerals for the majority of geological materials. However, it may sometimes be necessary to use even stronger dissolution techniques such as fusions in order to achieve fully quantitative results. This method is not recommended for Au analysis; the fire assay or the super-trace aqua regia methods described on pages 10 and 11 should be used for Au.

In order to report the widest possible concentration range, this method uses both the ICP-MS and ICP-AES techniques. Minimum sample size is 1g.

A full suite of rare earth elements can be added to this package, keeping in mind that this data will represent the acid leachable portion of the rare earth elements only. To include rare earth elements in the suite of elements above, please request ME-MS61r instead of ME-MS61.

four Acid Single Element iCp-mS methods

These methods are effective options when analytical results for one or only a few elements are required. You can create your own package of elements specific to your exploration program.

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35 Elements by Aqua regia, iCp-AES


Ag 0.2-100 Co 1-10,000 Mn 5-50,000 Sr 1-10,000

ME-ICP41

ME-ICP41m


16.65

Al 0.01%-25% Cr 1-10,000 Mo 1-10,000 Th 20-10,000

As 2-10,000 Cu 1-10,000 Na 0.01%-10% Ti 0.01%-10%

B 10-10,000 Fe 0.01%-50% Ni 1-10,000 Tl 10-10,000

Ba 10-10,000 Ga 10-10,000 P 10-10,000 U 10-10,000

Be 0.5-1,000 Hg 1-10,000 Pb 2-10,000 V 1-10,000

Bi 2-10,000 K 0.01%-10% S 0.01%-10% W 10-10,000

Ca 0.01%-25% La 10-10,000 Sb 2-10,000 Zn 2-10,000

Cd 0.5-1,000 Mg 0.01%-25% Sc 1-10,000

Note: To include Hg to a lower detection limit of 0.01ppm in the suite of elements above, please request method ME-ICP41m instead of ME-ICP41.

individual Elements by Aqua regia, AAS


Ag 0.2-100 Co 1-10,000 Mo 1-10,000 Pb 1-10,000(+)-AA45 3.55 plus 2.35/element

As 5-10,000 Cu 1-10,000 Ni 1-10,000 Zn 1-10,000 + Add element symbol as prefix to method code.

33 Elements by four Acid iCp-AES


Ag 0.5-100 Cr 1-10,000 Na 0.01%-10% Ti 0.01%-10%

ME-ICP61

ME-ICP61m


23.85

Al 0.01%-50% Cu 1-10,000 Ni 1-10,000 Tl 10-10,000

As 5-10,000 Fe 0.01%-50% P 10-10,000 U 10-10,000

Ba 10-10,000 Ga 10-10,000 Pb 2-10,000 V 1-10,000

Be 0.5-1,000 K 0.01%-10% S 0.01%-10% W 10-10,000

Bi 2-10,000 La 10-10,000 Sb 5-10,000 Zn 2-10,000

Ca 0.01%-50% Mg 0.01%-50% Sc 1-10,000

Cd 0.5-1,000 Mn 5-100,000 Sr 1-10,000

Co 1-10,000 Mo 1-10,000 Th 20-10,000

Note: To include Hg in the suite of elements above, please request method ME-ICP61m instead of ME-ICP61.

individual Elements by four Acid, AAS


Ag 0.5-100 Co 5-10,000 Mo 2-10,000 Pb 5-10,000(+)-AA61 5.95 plus 2.35/element

As 10-10,000 Cu 2-10,000 Ni 5-10,000 Zn 5-10,000 + Add element symbol as prefix to method code.

four Acid “near-Total” digestion

Four acid digestions are able to dissolve most minerals and although the term “near-total” is used, not all elements are quantitatively extracted in some sample matrices. Minimum sample size is 1g.

Trace Level methods using Conventional iCp-AES Analysis

Aqua regia digestion

This package is an economical tool for first pass exploration geochemistry. Again, although some base metals may dissolve quantitatively, in the majority of geological matrices, data reported from an aqua regia leach should be considered as representing only the leachable portion of the particular analyte. Minimum sample size is 1g.

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intermediate Geochemistry, 34 Elements by Aqua regia, iCp-AES


Ag 1-200 Cr 5-50,000 Mo 5-50,000 Th 100-50,000

ME-ICP41a 17.85 complete package or 10.70 plus 2.35/element

Al 0.05%-50% Cu 5-50,000 Na 0.05%-50% Ti 0.05%-50%

As 10-100,000 Fe 0.05%-50% Ni 5-50,000 Tl 50-50,000

Ba 50-50,000 Ga 50-50,000 P 50-50,000 U 50-50,000

Be 5-500 Hg 5-50,000 Pb 10-50,000 V 5-50,000

Bi 10-50,000 K 0.05%-50% S 0.05%-10% W 50-50,000

Ca 0.05%-50% La 50-50,000 Sb 10-50,000 Zn 10-50,000

Cd 5-2,500 Mg 0.05%-50% Sc 5-50,000

Co 5-50,000 Mn 25-50,000 Sr 5-50,000

intermediate Geochemistry, 33 Elements by four Acid, iCp-AES


Ag 1-200 Cr 10-100,000 Na 0.05%-30% Ti 0.05%-30%

ME-ICP61a 20.25 complete package or 13.10 plus 2.35/element

Al 0.05%-30% Cu 10-100,000 Ni 10-100,000 Tl 50-50,000

As 50-100,000 Fe 0.05%-50% P 50-100,000 U 50-50,000

Ba 50-50,000 Ga 50-50,000 Pb 20-100,000 V 10-100,000

Be 10-10,000 K 0.1%-30% S 0.05%-10% W 50-50,000

Bi 20-50,000 La 50-50,000 Sb 50-50,000 Zn 20-100,000

Ca 0.05%-50% Mg 0.05%-50% Sc 10-50,000

Cd 10-10,000 Mn 10-100,000 Sr 10-100,000

Co 10-50,000 Mo 10-50,000 Th 50-50,000

individual Elements by pressed pellet, xrf


Ba 10-10,000 Nb 2-4,000 Ta 10-5,000 Y 2-4,000

(+)-XRF05 9.55 plus 2.35/elementCe 10-4,000 Rb 2-4,000 Th 4-4,000 Zr 2-4,000

Cr 5-4,000 Sn 5-5,000 U 4-5,000

La 10-4,000 Sr 2-4,000 W 10-5,000

Additional elements are available on request.

Low Grade mineralized materialsThese packages can be used as an economical alternative to analyzing low grade ore samples, or rock samples with some mineralization. The method precision is intermediate between geochemical and an assay procedure.

Aqua regia digestion

The aqua regia digestion package will determine only the acid leachable portion of elements. Minimum sample size is 1g.

four Acid “near-Total” digestion

The four acid digestion package is suitable for low grade mineralizedv materials and provides improved accuracy and precision levels over geochemical method ME-ICP61. Minimum sample size is 1g.

Low Level resistive Elements

Elemental Analysis by pressed pellet xrf

Pressed pellet XRF is a suitable method for determining several elements that are not easily solubilized by acid digestion techniques. A finely ground sample powder (10g) is mixed with a few drops of liquid binder, compressed in a pellet press then analyzed by XRF spectrometry.

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Carbon & Sulfur

AnALyTE rAnGE (%) dESCripTiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

C (Total) 0.01%-50% Total carbon by combustion furnace. C-IR07 14.30

C (Non-Carbonate) 0.01%-100% Dilute acid digestion followed by combustion furnace. C-IR06 19.05

C (Carbonate) 0.2%-50% Inorganic carbon by coulometer. C-GAS05 20.20

C (Carbonate) 0.02%-100% Inorganic carbon by difference. C-CAL15 Requires C-IR07 C-IR17

C (Graphitic) 0.02 - 100% Dilute acid digestion, roasting followed by combustion furnace. C-IR18 33.90

C (Total)S (Total)

0.01%-50%0.01%-50%

Total carbon and total sulfur by combustion furnace. ME-IR08 19.95

S (Total) 0.01%-50% Total sulfur by combustion furnace. S-IR08 14.30

S (Sulfate)* 0.01%-40% Sulfate sulfur by carbonate leach and gravimetric analysis. S-GRA06 29.75

S (Sulfide)* 0.01%-50% Sulfide sulfur by sodium carbonate dissolution of sulfates,combustion furnace and infrared spectroscopy.

S-IR07 29.75

* Sulfur may be understated if BaSO4 or SrSO4 present.

Other


FeO 0.01%-100% Ferrous iron by H2SO4-HF acid digestion and titrimetric finish. Fe-VOL05 21.10

Hg 0.01-100 Aqua regia digestion/cold vapour, AAS. Hg-CV41 9.50

Hg 0.1-100,000 Aqua regia digestion/cold vapour, AAS. Hg-CV42 18.80

pH 0.1 - 14 unity Soil pH (1:1 ratio). 5g minimum. OA-ELE05 11.90

Conductivity 1-100,000 µS/cm Conductivity of soil extract. 5g minimum. OA-ELE04 11.90

H2O- (Moisture) 0.01%-100% Gravimetric procedure after drying at 105°C. OA-GRA10 14.30

H2O+ (Water of Crystallization) 0.01%-100% Combustion furnace followed by infrared spectroscopy. OA-IR06 14.30

LOI 0.01%-100% LOI at 1000°C. OA-GRA05 8.40

Acid Insoluble 0.01% - 100% Acid insoluble content. OA-GRA04 14.30

halides


Br** 0.5-10,000 Neutron activation. Br-NAA05 35.70

Cl 90-10,000 Neutron activation. Cl-NAA06 35.70

Cl 50-20,000 Fusion – Ion Chromatography. Cl-IC881*** 18.60

Cl 0.01%-80% Acid digestion, titrimetric finish. Cl-VOL66 35.70

F 20-20,000 Fusion - S.I.E. F-ELE81a 17.85

F 0.01%-100% Fusion - S.I.E. F-ELE82 26.45

F 20-20,000 Fusion – Ion Chromatography. F-IC881*** 18.60

I** 0.5-10,000 Neutron activation. I-NAA07 35.70 ** A surcharge may apply for batches of less than 20 samples.*** When F and Cl are determined together by Ion Chromatography the price per sample is $25.00.

individual and miscellaneous methodsUnless otherwise noted, these procedures require 1g of sample pulp.

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Add-on Elements by iCp-AES (using mE-mS23/mE-mS22 Leach Liquor)


Al 1-10000 Ni 0.05-1000 Si 0.5-1000

ME-ICP23 15.75 plus 1.00/elementBa 0.05-500 P 0.1-1000 Sr 0.05-500

Cu 0.05-2000 S 0.1-20000 Ti 0.5-5000

Selective, ph Controlled Leach with iCp-mS Analysis and final ph measurement

AnALyTES & dETECTiOn LimiTS (ppb) COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Ag 0.1 Eu 0.1 Nb 0.1 Tb 0.1

ME-MS23 37.65 complete package

As 2 Fe 0.1 ppm Nd 0.1 Te 1

Au 0.02 Ga 0.5 Ni 1 Th 0.02

Ba 10 Gd 0.1 Pb 1 Ti 5

Be 0.2 Ge 0.1 Pd 0.1 Tl 0.5

Bi 3 Hf 0.5 Pr 0.1 Tm 0.1

Br 0.05 ppm Hg 0.1 Pt 0.1 U 0.1

Ca 0.2 ppm Ho 0.1 Rb 0.1 W 1

Cd 1 I 0.01 ppm Re 0.1 Y 0.1

ME-MS22 21.35 plus 0.80/element,2.30 pH after leach

Ce 0.1 In 0.1 Sb 0.5 Yb 0.1

Co 0.3 La 0.1 Sc 1 Zn 10

Cr 1 Li 0.2 Se 2 Zr 0.1

Cs 0.1 Lu 0.1 Sm 0.1

Cu 1 Mg 0.01 ppm Sn 0.2 206Pb 1

Dy 0.1 Mn 0.01 ppm Sr 1 207Pb 1

Er 0.1 Mo 0.5 Ta 1 208Pb 1

Selective Leach GeochemistryALS Geochemistry offers a variety of partial leaches, which are effective in selectively dissolving specific components of the sample, enhancing a geochemical response to buried mineralization.

ionic Leach

Ionic Leach is a static sodium cyanide leach using chelating agents with a pH buffer leachant. This innovative leach technique is designed for near surface soil samples to improve geochemical mapping and enhance the potential to detect and resolve geochemical anomalies for a range of commodity elements. The procedure selectively dissolves metal ions that have been leached from the primary source, migrated and then redeposited in the near surface environment. Ionic Leach offers a package of 57 elements under method code ME-MS23, which combines the best in selective leach technology with the highly sensitive ICP-MS to achieve ppt detection limits for critical elements. Ionic Leach is suitable for gold, silver, PGM, uranium and base metal exploration and is particularly useful for resolution of subtle anomalies over “blind” mineralization.

This type of analysis is best suited for targeting mineralization beneath deep overburden. Subtle anomalies can be detected using conventional analytical methods; however, more selective digestions can significantly enhance trace element signatures otherwise masked by overburden.

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63 Elements, various Leaches and iCp-mS

AnALyTES & dETECTiOn LimiTS (ppm) COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Ag 0.002 Dy 0.0005 Mg 0.5 Sr 0.005

ME-MS03

ME-MS04

ME-MS05

ME-MS06

ME-MS07

41.70/leach

Al 1 Er 0.0005 Mn 0.05 Ta 0.001

As 0.01 Eu 0.0005 Mo 0.001 Tb 0.0001

Au 0.001 Fe 1 Na* 5 Te 0.005

B 0.2 Ga 0.05 Nb 0.0005 Th 0.0005

Ba 0.01 Gd 0.0005 Nd 0.0005 Ti 0.05

Be 0.005 Ge 0.005 Ni 0.05 Tl 0.001

Bi 0.003 Hf 0.0005 P* 1 Tm 0.0001

Br 1 Hg 0.01 Pb 0.005 U 0.0005

Ca 10 Ho 0.0001 Pr 0.0001 V 0.05

Cd 0.001 I 0.05 Rb 0.005 W 0.001

Ce 0.0005 In 0.001 Re 0.0002 Y 0.0005

Co 0.001 K 5 Sb 0.0005 Yb 0.0005

Cr 0.05 La 0.0005 Se 0.02 Zn 0.05

Cs 0.0005 Li 0.01 Sm 0.0005 Zr 0.001

Cu 0.05 Lu 0.0001 Sn 0.005 * Na and P not reported in ME-MS07

Other Selective Leaches

In addition to Ionic Leach, ALS Geochemistry offers a wide variety of other partial leaches to enable its clients to select the leach that is most applicable to the geochemical environment being sampled. The different leaches are designed to target different parts of a soil or sediment sample. Leaches can be done separated or sequentially to best suit project needs.

de-ionized Water (mE-mS03)

The water soluble fraction contains the weakest bound ions. This leach is not buffered and subject to pH variability during the leaching process due to buffering of the leach by the samples.

Ammonium Acetate (mE-mS04)

Slightly stronger than a water wash, the ammonium acetate leach targets the most weakly bound ions and can be used in sequential extractions prior to stronger leaches. This buffered leach is used to extract exchangeable ions and carbonates.

Cold hydroxylamine hydrochloride (mE-mS05)

The cold hydroxylamine leach has been used extensively by explorationists because it is selective for manganese oxides, long known to be powerful scavengers of heavy metals of geochemical significance. Manganese forms several oxidation states and exists in a variety of amorphous and crystalline forms. As a result, manganese oxide has an extraordinarily high cation exchange capacity accommodating many different trace elements on its surfaces. This leach does not dissolve crystalline iron oxides but does dissolve very small amounts of amorphous hydrous iron oxide.

hot hydroxylamine hydrochloride (mE-mS06)

The hot hydroxylamine leach, which combines a higher concentration of hydroxylamine with elevated temperature (60°C) and a reducing acid environment, is capable of effectively dissolving amorphous hydrous iron oxide while leaving crystalline iron oxide substantially intact (typically < 1% dissolution). As amorphous hydrous iron oxide is a much more effective scavenger than crystalline forms of iron oxide, this leach can be quite informative about metal ion mobility.

Sodium pyrophosphate (mE-mS07)

Organic matter in soils and sediments is capable of forming chelation complexes with metals. A solution of neutral (pH 7) sodium pyrophosphate liberates these organically-bound heavy metals. Variations in the concentrations of organically-bound metals such as copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, iron and aluminum have been used as indications of buried mineral deposits. Extraction with pyrophosphate does not attack sulfides, nor does it dissolve significant amounts of amorphous iron oxides.

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SOThEr SErviCESExpLOrATiOn GEOChEmiSTry OrES & COmmOdiTiES COnCEnTrATES/EnvirOnmEnTALLiThOGEOChEmiSTrySAmpLE prEpArATiOn prECiOuS mETALS

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high resolution iCp-mS for natural Waters

AnALyTES & dETECTiOn LimiTS (ug/L) COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Ag 0.005 Fe 0.03 mg/L Re 0.005 Y 0.005

ME-MS14HR 200.00

Al 0.9 Ga 0.05 Sb 0.01 Zn 0.9

As 0.05 Hg 0.05 Se 0.2 Zr 0.05

B 5 K 2 mg/L Si 0.05 mg/L TDS 3 mg/L

Ba 0.1 Li 0.2 Sn 0.2 Conductivity 2 uS/cm

Be 0.005 Mg 0.1 mg/L Sr 0.05 Alkalinity 1 mg/L

Bi 0.05 Mn 0.2 Te 0.01 pH 0.1 units

Ca 0.05 mg/L Mo 0.05 Th 0.005 Br 0.05 mg/L

Cd 0.005 Na 2 mg/L Ti 0.2 Cl 0.5 mg/L

Co 0.05 Ni 0.2 Tl 0.002 F 0.02 mg/L

Cr 0.5 P 0.3 mg/L U 0.002 NO2 0.001 mg/L

Cs 0.005 Pb 0.05 V 0.05 NO3 0.005 mg/L

Cu 0.5 Rb 0.02 W 0.01 SO4 0.5 mg/L

Sample media such as waters and vegetation have been shown to provide valuable information for exploration programs. Trace elements in these sample types are often at extremely low levels. Effective analytical procedures require the utmost care in sample preparation and analysis to ensure suitable quality data.

hydrogeochemistryGround and surface waters are important media for the geochemical exploration of many different styles of mineralization. Water-transported (hydromorphic) metals can develop anomalous concentrations; trace metal analysis in water can reveal hidden mineralization directly (i.e., in the dissolved phase) and by adsorption/precipitation reactions with suspended and bed-load stream sediments (i.e., the labile fraction).

Geochemical analysis of natural waters is available using High Resolution-ICP-MS to achieve ppt ranges for most trace elements. ALS offers a highly attractive analytical package, which includes everything required to carry out a hydrogeochemical survey, and includes the following:

• Acid-washed and labeled sample bottle pairs (500mL natural sample, 250mL field acidified sample)

• High purity nitric acid ampules to acidify the metals aliquot

• Disposable 45 um filters with syringes for field filtration

• Coolers and ice packs for sample storage and transport

• Deionized water jugs for field cleaning and field blanks

• Trace element analysis by HR-ICP-MS

• Major cations by ICP-AES

• Anions (F, Cl, Br, SO4, NO3 and NO2) by ion chromatography

• pH, Alkalinity by titration

• Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids

• Hg by cold vapor AFS

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39 Elements in vegetation by nitric/hydrochloric, iCp-AES and iCp-mS

AnALyTES & dETECTiOn LimiTS (ppm) COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Ag 0.002 Cu 0.01 Nb 0.05 Ta 0.01

ME-VEG4123.35

Sold only as a complete package.

Al 0.01% Fe 0.001% Ni 0.1 Te 0.02

As 0.1 Ga 0.05 P 0.001% Th 0.01

Au 0.0002 Ge 0.05 Pb 0.01 Ti 0.001%

B 10 Hf 0.02 Pd 0.002 Tl 0.02

Ba 0.1 Hg 0.001 Pt 0.001 U 0.01

Be 0.05 In 0.01 Rb 0.1 V 1

Bi 0.01 K 0.01% Re 0.001 W 0.05

Ca 0.01% La 0.01 S 0.01% Y 0.005

Cd 0.01 Li 0.1 Sb 0.02 Zn 0.1

Ce 0.02 Mg 0.001% Sc 0.1 Zr 0.1

Co 0.01 Mn 1 Se 0.1

Cr 0.5 Mo 0.01 Sn 0.2

Cs 0.05 Na 0.001% Sr 0.2

REEs may be added on request.

BiogeochemistryPlants may be viewed as geochemical sampling devices, with root systems that can selectively adsorb elements from a large 3D section of soil, groundwater and even bedrock. Typically, the relationship between the chemistry of a plant and that of the soil the plant grows in isn’t one-to-one due to biological effects. The differences in element distribution and uptake in plants provide complementary information to soil surveys and may concentrate elements of interest where they are not present in soils.

ALS Geochemistry can help you find resources on designing vegetation surveys and special preparation for various vegetation tissue types. Please contact client services for more information.

Results are reported on vegetation samples following a nitric/hydrochloric acid digestion on 1g of sample. Due to permit requirements, vegetation samples are not available for return to the client.

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14 Elements by Lithium metaborate fusion, xrf or iCp-AES

AnALyTES And rAnGES (%) COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

SiO2 0.01-100 MgO 0.01-100 TiO2 0.01-100 BaO 0.01-100ME-XRF06

ME-ICP06

29.75Al2O3 0.01-100 Na2O 0.01-100 MnO 0.01-100 LOI 0.01-100

Fe2O3 0.01-100 K2O 0.01-100 P2O5 0.01-100

CaO 0.01-100 Cr2O3 0.01-100 SrO 0.01-100

31 Elements by Lithium metaborate fusion, iCp-mS

AnALyTES And rAnGES (ppm) COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Ba 0.5-10,000 Hf 0.2-10,000 Sn 1-10,000 W 1-10,000

ME-MS81 29.50

Ce 0.5-10,000 Ho 0.01-1,000 Sr 0.1-10,000 Y 0.5-10,000

Cr 10-10,000 La 0.5-10,000 Ta 0.1-2,500 Yb 0.03-1,000

Cs 0.01-10,000 Lu 0.01-1,000 Tb 0.01-1,000 Zr 2-10,000

Dy 0.05-1,000 Nb 0.2-2,500 Th 0.05-1,000

Er 0.03-1,000 Nd 0.1-10,000 Tl 0.5-1,000

Eu 0.03-1,000 Pr 0.03-1,000 Tm 0.01-1,000

Ga 0.1-1,000 Rb 0.2-10,000 U 0.05-1,000

Gd 0.05-1,000 Sm 0.03-1,000 V 5-10,000

Combination of Rare Earth & Trace Elements from method ME-MS81 plus whole rock package by method ME-ICP06. ME-MS81d 41.25

Ag 0.5-100 Co 1-10,000 Mo 1-10,000 Sc 1-10,000

ME-4ACD81 7.15As 5-10,000 Cu 1-10,000 Ni 1-10,000 Zn 2-10,000

Cd 0.5-1,000 Li 10-10,000 Pb 2-10,000

Analyses related to lithogeochemistry, alteration minerals and trace element mobility are important tools to understanding geological environments. ALS offers several comprehensive analytical packages that are designed to provide comprehensive information for these studies; essentially complete rock characterization.

Whole rock Analysis – major and Trace ElementsThe nature of lithophile elements and the matrices in which they occur require stronger dissolution procedures. The most accurate results will therefore be obtained using fusions as the dissolution procedure or through direct analysis. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is the preferred technique for major and minor elements; however, ICP-AES can also be used effectively when following a fusion. ICP-MS is still the preferred method for trace element analyses.

A lithium borate fusion of the sample prior to acid dissolution and ICP-MS analysis provides the most quantitative analysis approach for a broad suite of elements. This technique solubilizes most mineral species, including those that are highly refractory. Options for adding the whole rock elements from an ICP-AES analysis of the fusion or base metals from a separate four acid digestion are available.

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63 Elements by Optimized digestions and instrumental finishes

AnALyTES And rAnGES (ppm) COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

SiO2 0.01-100% MgO 0.01-100% TiO2 0.01-100% BaO 0.01-100%

ME-ICP06

CCP-PKG01

65.45 Sold only asa complete package.

Al2O3 0.01-100% Na2O 0.01-100% MnO 0.01-100% LOI 0.01-100%

Fe2O3 0.01-100% K2O 0.01-100% P2O5 0.01-100%

CaO 0.01-100% Cr2O3 0.01-100% SrO 0.01-100%

Ba 0.5-10,000 Hf 0.2-10,000 Sn 1-10,000 W 1-10,000

ME-MS81

Ce 0.5-10,000 Ho 0.01-1,000 Sr 0.1-10,000 Y 0.5-10,000

Cr 10-10,000 La 0.5-10,000 Ta 0.1-2,500 Yb 0.03-1,000

Cs 0.01-10,000 Lu 0.01-1,000 Tb 0.01-1,000 Zr 2-10,000

Dy 0.05-1,000 Nb 0.2-2,500 Th 0.05-1,000

Er 0.03-1,000 Nd 0.1-10,000 Tl 0.5-1,000

Eu 0.03-1,000 Pr 0.03-1,000 Tm 0.01-1,000

Ga 0.1-1,000 Rb 0.2-10,000 U 0.05-1,000

Gd 0.05-1,000 Sm 0.03-1,000 V 5-10,000

Ag 0.5-100 Cu 1-10,000 Ni 1-10,000 Zn 2-10,000

ME-4ACD81Cd 0.5-1,000 Li 10-10,000 Pb 2-10,000

Co 1-10,000 Mo 1-10,000 Sc 1-10,000

As 0.1-250 Hg 0.005-25 Se 0.2-250 Te 0.01-250ME-MS42

Bi 0.01-250 Sb 0.05-250

C 0.01-50% S 0.01-50% ME-IR08

AnALyTES dESCripTiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Light Stable isotopes: fluid SourceCarbon and Oxygen In Carbonate Minerals

Newly developed method offered in partnership with the Mineral Deposit Research Unit (MDRU) at the University of British Columbia. CO2 isotopic composition is determined specifically on carbonate minerals using cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. Determination of ratios d13C and d18O. Not available for high sulfide samples.

LS-ISTP01 35.00

Hydrogen/Oxygen Determination of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes on clay and silicate minerals using a complex gas collection procedure and determination by IRMS.

OH-ISTP01 600.00

Sulfur Mineral provenance may be differentiated by the measurement of d34S by TC/EA and IRMS. S-ISTP01 200.00

Stable isotopes: mineral provenanceCu, Fe, Mo, Zn The stable metal isotopes reflect their formation conditions and may be

measured to determine mineral provenance, or to differentiate between different generations of mineralization. Analysis includes acid digestion and determination by either HR-ICP-MS or MC-ICP-MS. Use element symbol in place of + when requesting this method.

(+)-ISTP01 375.00/element

Geochronology: Age DeterminationsRe/Os Re/Os isotope ratios are offered on molybdenite samples. Age can only be

determined for rocks of >0.5 Ma, and molybdenite samples must contain >100ppm Re. Price includes molybdenite mineral separation and solvent extraction of Re and Os, with TIMS analysis. Sample should not be crushed due to steel contamination.

Re-ISTP01 2,400.00

Sm/Nd Sm/Nd dates can be determined on whole rock pulps when specific minerals are not available. Column separation and MC-ICP-MS determination. Nd-ISTP01 750.00

U/Pb When uranium bearing minerals are available, U/Pb geochronology may be used for accurate dating. Samples must be supplied as a good quality mineral separate. The procedure includes digestion and MC-ICP-MS analysis, with Hg separation if necessary.

U-ISTP01 375.00

Pb/Pb Offered for dating of galena mineral separates or mineral provenance of other Pb-bearing minerals using acid digestion and HR-ICP-MS. May require Hg separation.

Pb-ISTP01 190.00

MDRU

UBCMineral Deposit Research Unit

isotopic Analysis and Age datingElement isotope concentrations may be used to determine age or provenance of minerals and whole rock powders. Increasingly, unique isotopic signatures related to specific styles of mineralization and alteration are being documented in a wide variety of deposit types.

Complete Characterization PackageBy combining a number of methods into one cost effective package, a complete sample characterization is obtained. This package combines the whole rock package ME-ICP06 plus carbon and sulfur by combustion furnace (ME-IR08) to quantify the major elements in a sample. Trace elements including the full rare earth element suites are reported from three digestions with either ICP-AES or ICP-MS finish: a lithium borate fusion for the resistive elements (ME-MS81), a four acid digestion for the base metals (ME-4ACD81) and an aqua regia digestion for the volatile gold related trace elements (ME-MS42). A minimum sample quantity of 10 g is needed. Au is analyzed separately – see page 10.

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Aqua regia digestion with iCp-AES or AAS finish

AnALyTES & rAnGES (%) COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Ag 1-1,500ppm Co 0.001-20 Mn 0.01-50 Pb 0.001-20

(+)-OG46 8.35 plus 2.35/elementAs 0.01-60 Cu 0.001-40 Mo 0.001-10 S 0.01-10

Cd 0.001-10 Fe 0.01-100 Ni 0.001-10 Zn 0.001-30

Ag 1-1,500ppm Bi 0.001-30 Fe 0.01-100 Pb 0.001-30(+)-AA46 5.95 plus 4.75/element

As 0.01-30 Cu 0.001-50 Mo 0.001-10 Zn 0.001-60 + Add element symbol as prefix to method code.

four Acid digestion with iCp-AES or AAS finish


Ag 1-1,500ppm Co 0.001-20 Mg 0.01-50 Pb 0.001-20

(+)-OG62 10.75 plus 2.35/elementAs 0.001-30 Cr 0.002-30 Mn 0.01-50 S 0.01-10

Bi 0.001-30 Cu 0.001-40 Mo 0.001-10 Zn 0.001-30

Cd 0.001-10 Fe 0.01-100 Ni 0.001-30

Ag 1-1,500ppm Cu 0.001-50 Mo 0.001-10 Pb 0.001-30(+)-AA62 8.35 plus 4.75/element

Co 0.001-30 Fe 0.01-100 Ni 0.001-50 Zn 0.001-30 + Add element symbol as prefix to method code.

Lithium Borate fusion with xrf finish


Ba 0.01-50 Ta 0.01-50 Zr 0.01-50

(+)-XRF10 14.30 plus 3.55/elementNb 0.01-10 Th 0.01-15

Sb 0.01-50 U 0.01-15

Sn 0.01-60 W 0.01-50 + Add element symbol as prefix to method code.

methods for Ores & high Grade materialsOres and high grade materials contain a wide range of matrices and varying target elements. No single dissolution or analytical method is suitable for all cases. ALS Geochemistry provides a range of procedures so the preferred method can be selected. Choices include aqua regia and four acid digestions with either ICP-AES or AAS finish. XRF determination is available for Sn, W and other resistive elements and minerals that are difficult to decompose or retain in stable solutions at high concentrations.

These methods may be selected individually or may be triggered automatically as over-range analyses added to multi-element geochemistry packages on request. Many other procedures are available. Please contact ALS Geochemistry staff for information.

Acid digestions

Aqua regia is a powerful solvent for sulfides, which dissolves Ag and base metals but may not completely dissolve more resistive elements. Minimum sample weight 0.5g.

ALS Geochemistry offers a wide range of assay methods. Procedures for the evaluation of ores and high grade materials are optimized for accuracy, precision and recovery of the target element.

Four Acid Digestion, using HF, almost completely breaks down silicates which are volatilized as SiF4. The digestion will decompose all but the most resistive minerals. Minimum sample weight 0.5g.

xrf for resistive minerals

Some resistive minerals, particularly those containing Sn, W, Nb or Ta require a fusion for complete recovery. This method is suitable for samples with <4% sulfides. Minimum sample weight 5g.

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Sodium peroxide fusion with iCp-AES finish


Al 0.01-50 Cr 0.01-30 Mg 0.01-30 S 0.01-60

(+)-ICP81 36.75 complete package or 11.90 plus 2.35/element

As 0.01-10 Cu 0.005-30 Mn 0.01-50 Si 0.1-50

Ca 0.05-50 Fe 0.05-70 Ni 0.005-30 Ti 0.01-30

Co 0.002-30 K 0.1-30 Pb 0.01-30 Zn 0.01-30 + Add element symbol as prefix to method code.

Oxidizing digestion with iCp-AES finish


Ag 5-1000ppm Co 0.001-5 Mn 0.005-20 S 0.05-50

ME-ICPORE 24.10 complete package, 5 elements 21.75

As 0.005-10 Cu 0.005-30 Mo 0.001-5 Sb 0.005-5

Bi 0.005-1 Fe 0.01-50 Ni 0.001-5 Tl 0.005-1

Ca 0.01-40 Hg 0.002-1 P 0.01-10 Zn 0.01-60

Cd 0.001-5 Mg 0.01-25 Pb 0.01-30

Oxidizing fusion with xrf finish


Al2O3 0.01-100 K2O 0.01-6.3 Sb 0.005-20

ME-XRF15b 31.50 plus 3.30/element

As 0.01-10 La2O3 0.01-50 SiO2 0.01-100

Ba 0.01-50 MgO 0.01-40 Sn 0.005-20

Bi 0.008-5 Mn 0.01-30 Sr 0.005-5

CaO 0.01-40 Mo 0.01-2 TiO2 0.01-30

CeO2 0.01-50 Nb 0.001-14 V 0.01-5.6

Co 0.01-7 Ni 0.001-20 W 0.001-79

Cr 0.01-10 P 0.01-10 Y2O3 0.005-10.5

Cu 0.001-20 Pb 0.005-16 Zn 0.001-20

Fe 0.01-75 Rb 0.005-5 Zr 0.01-20

HfO2 0.01-10 S 0.01-20

* A method for sulfide concentrates, ME-XRF15c, is also available.

fusions

Sodium peroxide fusions are effective for the decomposition of sulfides, arsenides and many refractory minerals such as chromite, rutile, ilmenite and titanite. It is the method of choice for nickel sulfide deposits.

Base metals in massive SulfidesAssay determinations in massive sulfides present some specific challenges. ALS Geochemistry is able to offer a number of approaches including a strongly oxidizing acid digestion, a peroxide fusion and an XRF package.

Acid digestion

This procedure is equivalent to the ICPORE method previously offered by OMAC Laboratories. The sample is subjected to a highly oxidizing attack with HNO3, KClO4 and HBr and the final solution in dilute aqua regia is determined by ICP-AES.

High sulfide samples can be analyzed by XRF following a lithium borate fusion with the addition of a strong oxidizing agent. The following method is suitable for a wide range of elements in sulfide ores.

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mineral Selective Copper methods


Cu Oxides 0.01-10% Citric acid leach with AAS finish, 0.25g sample weight. Cu-AA04 11.90

Nonsulfide Cu 0.001-10% Dilute sulfuric acid leach and AAS finish, 1g sample weight. Cu-AA05 11.90

Cu Oxides 0.001-100% Sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite leach, AAS finish. 1g sample weight. Cu-AA07n 11.90

Quick Leach Cu 0.01-100% Quick leach using H2SO4 and ferric sulfate, AAS finish. 1g sample weight. Cu-AA08q 12.70

Cu Cyanide Leach 0.1-2000 Cyanide leach and AAS finish. 30g nominal sample weight. Cu-AA13 14.60

Sequential Cu Leach Package

Various Cu results are reported for sulfuric acid soluble, cyanide soluble, and total Cu on final residue. Cu-PKG06LI 35.70

Trace, Assay and Concentrate Copper methods


Trace Cu 1-10,000Aqua regia digestion and ICP or AAS finish. Cu-ICP41 5.90 eachCu-AA45

Trace Cu 2-10,000Four acid digestion and ICP or AAS finish. Cu-ICP61 8.30 eachCu-AA61

Cu Assay 0.001-40%Aqua regia digestion and ICP or AAS finish. Cu-OG46 10.70 each0.001-50% Cu-AA46

Cu Assay 0.001-40%Four acid digestion and ICP or AAS finish. Cu-OG62 13.10 each0.001-50% Cu-AA62

Cu Concentrate 0.01-100% HNO3-HCl-HF-H2SO4 acid digestion followed by titration. Cu-CON02 done in duplicate.

Cu-VOL61 41.70 Cu-CON02 71.45

Evaluation of copper prospects may involve the need to know more about copper mineralogy and mineral solubility for metallurgical considerations. The separation of oxide/carbonate, secondary chalcocite and primary sulfide minerals compared to the total copper is useful in determining leachability of copper in a deposit. This information can be obtained by sequential leaching of the sample and may be augmented by direct mineralogical determination.

Copper procedures

mineral Selective methods and Sequential Leaches

Copper oxide minerals such as malachite, azurite, chrysocolla and portions of cuprite and tenorite can be leached using sulfuric acid, to identify the “acid soluble” copper. Cyanide leach will dissolve the secondary chalcocite, bornite and a portion of the chalcopyrite content of the sample, while the majority of the sulfide minerals will remain in the residue analyzed at the end of a sequential leach. The minerals dissolved in each leach may vary depending on the sample matrix and specific mineralogy.

ALS Geochemistry provides custom methods using different leach conditions upon request.

Total Copper methods

The non-leachable portion of copper ore, or Cu in unoxidized sulfides, requires a strong acid digestion for full decomposition.

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Beryllium, Lithium and Boron methods


Be 0.01%-100% Sodium peroxide fusion and ICP finish. Be-ICP81 11.90

Li 0.005%-10% Four acid digestion and ICP or AAS finish Li-OG63 11.75

Li 10-3000 Lithium brine analysis using ICP-OES. Other elements reported from this method. ME-ICP15 34.50

B 10-10,000 HNO3 and HF digest with ICP finish. B-ICP69 20.00

B 20-10,000 NaOH fusion and ICP finish. B-ICP82 20.80

mineralized rare Earths by iCp-mS


Ce* 3-50,000 Ho 0.05-5,000 Rb 1-50,000 Tm 0.05-5,000

ME-MS81h 47.25

Dy* 0.3-5,000 La* 3-50,000 Sm* 0.2-5,000 U 0.3-5,000

Er 0.2-5,000 Lu 0.05-5,000 Sn 5-50,000 W 5-50,000

Eu 0.2-5,000 Nb 1-5,000 Ta 0.5-5,000 Y 3-50,000

Gd* 0.3-5000 Nd* 0.5-50,000 Tb* 0.05-5,000 Yb 0.2-5,000

Hf 1-50,000 Pr* 0.2-5,000 Th 0.3-5,000 Zr 10-50,000 * These elements may be determined up to 30% by ME-OGREE. Please enquire for details.

xrf for resistive Elements


Nb 0.01-10 Sn 0.01-60 Ta 0.01-50 W 0.01-50 ME-XRF10 14.30 plus 3.55/element

mineralized rare Earths by xrf


CeO2 0.01-50 Ho2O2 0.01-10 Sm2O3 0.01-10

ME-XRF30 31.50 plus 3.30/element

Dy2O3 0.01-10 La2O3 0.01-50 Tb4O7 0.01-10

Er2O3 0.01-10 Lu2O3 0.01-10 Tm2O3 0.01-10

Eu2O3 0.01-10 Nd2O3 0.01-10 Y 0.01-10

Gd2O3 0.01-10 Pr6O11 0.01-10 Yb2O3 0.01-10 * Other elements are available with this method at an additional $3.30 per element. Please enquire for more details.

rare Earths by iCp-mS


Ce 0.5-10,000 Gd 0.05-1,000 Nd 0.1-10,000 Tm 0.01-1,000

ME-MS81 29.50Dy 0.05-1,000 Ho 0.01-1,000 Pr 0.03-1,000 Y 0.5-10,000

Er 0.03-1,000 La 0.5-10,000 Sm 0.03-1,000 Yb 0.03-1,000

Eu 0.03-1,000 Lu 0.01-1,000 Tb 0.01-1,000 * Additional elements available. See page 24.

Many rare earth elements and rare metals occur in oxide and silicate minerals particularly resistant to acid digestion, so fusion is usually the preferred method of decomposition. ALS Geochemistry offers ICP-MS and XRF determinations of these special commodities.

rare Earth Elements and rare metals

rare Earth Elements

For high-grade and mineralized rare earth samples, high sample to volume ratios are utilized to improve precision. Certified high grade rare earth reference materials are used as part of the standard protocol.

Tin, tungsten, niobium and tantalum tend to occur in extremely resistive pegmatites that require fusion for complete dissolution.

uncommon and rare metals

Beryllium, lithium and boron have many high-tech applications in electronics, engineering and pharmaceuticals. They require specialized digestions and instrument methods for precise and accurate measurement.

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iron Ore Technical CentreThrough the establishment in Perth, Western Australia of a large purpose-built, centralized facility with analytical processing capacity in excess of 10,000 samples per day, ALS provides a quantum expansion of geochemical and metallurgical testing capacity enabling ALS to exceed industry best standards on turnaround times and technical service.

With industry leading expertise in geochemistry, mineralogy and metallurgy, the ALS Group can provide you with a wide range of Iron Ore testing, certification and inspection services from exploration and resource definition to process optimization, pre-feasibility, feasibility and production support services:

• Geochemistry

• Metallurgical process development and optimization

• Ore characterization and beneficiation

• Continuous pilot plant testing

• Advanced mineralogy including spectral imaging

• Environmental analyses

• Used oil analysis

• Shipment certification and inspection of concentrates

• Mine site laboratories for grade/mill control

The ALS Iron Ore Technical Centre provides unprecedented specialty technical services to the global Iron Ore sector from one unique, purpose-built facility and welcomes the opportunity to provide a comprehensive tour and review of the operation. Please contact your local client services staff for more information.

hyLogging™

ALS was the first commercial laboratory to install HyLogging™ spectral analysis technology for rapid, robotic scanning of iron ore drill core, chips and powder. This technology is used for a range of applications from logging and archiving core, mineral exploration, and mine planning, to geometallurgy and mineral processing.

The instrument generates digital images and surface spectra. Associated software interprets the spectrometer data to produce mineralogical information. Macro images of core sections and drill hole mosaics are produced to allow geologists to identify changes in color and structure over the full depth of the drill hole. Derived data is readily exported into three-dimensional (3D) visualization and mine planning packages to allow geologists to combine multiple drill-hole results and accurately characterize and map mineral systems relevant to geometallurgical and geotechnical requirements.

The HyLogging™ instrument can log on average 150m of core per day scanning for iron oxide/hydroxide group minerals; aluminium/silicates/magnesium hydroxide group minerals; sulfates; carbonates and more. Chip samples can be measured in their original trays and are scanned in groups of sixty samples, allowing approximately 2000–3000 samples to be logged per day.

The ALS Iron Ore Technical Centre is the first of its kind globally, which in addition to the provision of geochemical, metallurgical and mineralogical services, provides ancillary specialty testing services to the global Iron Ore sector. The ALS Iron Ore Technical Centre provides seamless integration of exploration geochemistry, metallurgy and mineralogical test work with industry leading technical innovation.

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dTr and Associated procedures for iron Ore

AnALyTE COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Multi-Stage Weight sieving and pulverizing DTR-PREP

By QuotationWash time and Mass recovery DTR-REC

Weight of DTR Fractions WT-DTR

DTR Fe Recovery DTR-FeRec By Quotation

XRF Analysis on DTR Fractions - Head - Concentrate - Tails

ME-XRF21hME-XRF21cME-XRF21t

39.40 each

FeO (0.01%) - Ferrous Iron by Titration Fe-VOL05 21.10

Magnetic Susceptibility MAG-SUS 25.00

xrf iron Ore Analysis

AnALyTES & rAnGES (%) dESCripTiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Al2O3 0.01-100 K2O 0.001-6.3 Sn 0.001-1.5

Fused disc XRF

ME-XRF21n(normalized)

ME-XRF21u

(un-normalized)

39.40LOI must be done as part

of this procedure.

As 0.001-1.5 MgO 0.01-40 Sr 0.001-1.5

Ba 0.001-10 Mn 0.001-25 TiO2 0.01-30

CaO 0.01-40 Na2O 0.005-8 V 0.001-5

Cl 0.001-6 Ni 0.001-8 Zn 0.001-1.5

Co 0.001-5 P 0.001-10 Zr 0.001-1

Cr203 0.0006-10 Pb 0.001-2

Cu 0.001-1.5 S 0.001-5

Fe 0.01-75 SiO2 0.01-100

Loss on Ignition Furnace OA-GRA05x 5.25 plus 3.15/temperature

LOI (0.01%) at 371°C, 425°C, 550°C, 650°C and 1000°CMoisture at 110°C

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)

OA-GRA05t ME-GRA05 5.25 plus 3.15/temperature

iron Ore proceduresX-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is the method of choice for the analysis of oxide iron ores. The lithium borate fusion technique, coupled with XRF, offers a robust and repeatable method, consistent with industry requirements. The relatively low flux to sample ratio offers good sensitivity for the majority of elements and creates a matrix which is not subject to particle size effects. With very few spectral interferences and high instrument stability, the XRF method delivers highly accurate and precise results across the full range of iron oxide ore types.

Loss on Ignition (LOI) is a critical component of iron ore analysis. LOI determination allows a better understanding of mineral composition of the ore and how it will behave during processing. Single temperature or multi temperature LOI determinations are available. Temperatures can be customized as required.

magnetite and magnetic Separate Analysis – davis Tube recovery (dTr)

The preparation for analysis of magnetic separates requires a rigid and complex protocol involving a staged wet sieving process and the use of a Davis Tube to provide a beneficiated sample representative of large scale metallurgical processes. Procedures are often varied and very specific to individual ore types encountered. Prior to commencement of any project, it is highly recommended that clients discuss their requirements with ALS staff to determine the optimum protocol for their particular ore type.

Grind Curve Confirmation tests are also available including laser sizing, cyclo-sizing and wet screening.

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reactive Silica and Available Alumina methods

AnALyTES (%) dESCripTiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Total Organic Carbon (Non Carbonate Carbon) TOC by Combustion Furnace. C-IR17 29.75

Reactive SilicaAvailable Alumina

Microwave digestion, chemical separation/ICP-AES analysis.*

Si-LICP01Al-LICP01

17.8516.10

*Digestion temperature, caustic strength and sample weight/caustic strength ratio to be specified by client.

fusion and xrf finish for Bauxite Ores


Al2O3 0.01-100 P2O5 0.01-23

Fused disc XRF

ME-XRF13n(normalized)

ME-XRF13u (un-normalized)

39.40LOI determination must be done as

part of procedure.

BaO 0.01-10 SiO2 0.01-100

CaO 0.01-40 SO3 0.01-12.5

Cr203 0.001-10 SrO 0.01-1.5

Fe2O3 0.01-100 TiO2 0.01-30

K2O 0.001-6.3 V2O5 0.01-8

MgO 0.01-40 Zn 0.01-1.6

MnO 0.01-31 ZrO2 0.01-1.5

Na2O 0.01-5.3


Loss on Ignition Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) OA-GRA05t 5.25 plus 3.15/temperature

fusion and xrf finish for nickel Laterite Ores


Al2O3 0.01-100 Fe2O3 0.01-100 Ni 0.005-7.8 Zn 0.001-1.6

Fused disc XRF.

ME-XRF12n (normalized)

ME-XRF12u(un-normalized)

39.40 LOI determination must be done as

part of procedure.

CaO 0.01-40 K2O 0.01-6.3 P2O5 0.005-23

Co 0.001-7 MgO 0.01-50 Pb 0.005-1.8

Cr2O3 0.005-10 MnO 0.005-30 SiO2 0.05-100

Cu 0.001-1.6 Na2O 0.01-5.3 TiO2 0.01-30



Aluminium Ore (Bauxite) proceduresThe internationally recognized method for analysis of major and minor elements in bauxite is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Bauxite ore is typically very hygroscopic and therefore Loss on Ignition (LOI) determination and moisture correction is an important part of the analysis. Results are reported on a dry weight (110°C) basis by default.

Bauxite is the most common ore from which alumina is commercially extracted. Gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore are the predominant aluminum rich minerals which co-exist with goethite, hematite and kaolinite in bauxite ore. Nickel laterites form similarly to bauxites and share similar analytical procedures.

Screening and Beneficiation

ALS Geochemistry can conduct multi screen sizing and subsequent analysis of size fractions to determine the optimum screen size for bauxite recovery. ALS Geochemistry can also conduct the subsequent wet beneficiation using a selected single screen. Please contact client services for further information.

Nickel Laterite

The industry preferred technique for resource definition of nickel laterite ore deposits is X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The comprehensive analysis of laterite ores for major and minor elements is critical in evaluating project economics and for metallurgical process control. Loss On Ignition (LOI) determination using a Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) is also an important component of the “total” analysis.

reactive Silica and Available Alumina

The reactive silica and available alumina, determined using pressure controlled caustic leach at elevated temperature, provides important information on the economic extractability of the ore using the Bayer process.

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uranium Specific procedures


U 4-10,000 U by pressed pellet, XRF. U-XRF05 11.90

U 0.01%-15% U by lithium borate fusion, XRF. U-XRF10 17.85

U 0.2-10,000 U by neutron activation. U-NAA05 35.70

51 elements including U (0.05 - 10,000 ppm). Elements and ranges are summarized in the table for method ME-MS41 on page 15. ME-MS41u 33.30

48 elements including U (0.1 - 10,000 ppm). Elements and ranges are summarized in the table for method ME-MS61 on page 16. ME-MS61u 40.25

industrial minerals procedures

OrE/prOduCT AnALyTES dESCripTiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Cementitious Materials CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, Mn2O3, Na2O, K2O, SO3, MgO, TiO2, Cr2O3, P2O5, SrO, LOI Fusion, ICP-AES ME-ICP91 42.00

Limestone, Dolomite, Magnesite, Magnesia

CaO, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, LOI Fusion, ICP-AES ME-ICP86 42.00

Rutile Product TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request)

Fusion, ICP-AES ME-ICP82 36.75 plus 21.00/element

Zircon Product TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request)


Ilmenite Product TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request)


Intermediate Plant Flows TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, SiO2, V2O5, ZrO2, LOI (Other elements available on request)


xrf methods for phosphate ores


Al2O3 0.01-100 K2O 0.01-10 Na2O 0.01-11 TiO2 0.01-30

Fused disc XRF.ME-XRF24

ME-XRF06m

39.40

29.75CaO 0.01-60 MgO 0.01-50 P2O5 0.01-50

Fe2O3 0.01-100 MnO2 0.01-48 SiO2 0.01-100



industrial minerals

Industrial minerals analysis commonly deals with unusual matrices and highly refractory components. As a result, aggressive digestions are selected to ensure complete homogeneity of the analytical sub-sample leaving no residual sample.

Uranium

ALS Geochemistry has standardized screening and handling protocols throughout its network of laboratories to ensure that any NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) samples received can be rapidly identified and are handled in a manner meeting all appropriate regulations with respect to transportation, workplace safety and environmental regulations.

Other Target Elements and Commodities

Phosphates

Phosphate is an important commodity because of its role in agriculture as a fertilizer. The method below determines total P2O5 in a sample. Procedures specific to the fertilizer industry are also available.

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precious metal Concentrates and Bullions

AnALyTE rAnGE (ppm)* dESCripTiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

AuAg

0.07-999,9850.7-995,000

Au and Ag by fire assay and gravimetric finish. May be determined separately or together from the same fused bead.

Au-CON01Ag-CON01 82.50 each

PtPd

0.07-1,000,000 Pt and Pd by fire assay and AAS finish. May be determined separately or together from the same fused bead.

Pt-CON01Pd-CON01

86.40 71.45

AuAg

0.01-1,000 fineness Routine bullion assays by fire assay with gravimetric finish. Au-GRA24Ag-GRA24 126.00 each

*At your request, precious metals reporting units can be specified as ppb, ppm, g/t or oz/t

volumetric methods – high-precision Classical Titration

AnALyTE rAnGE (%) dESCripTiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Cu 0.01-100 Cu Concentrate - Volumetric. Cu-VOL61 41.70

Zn 0.01-100 Zn by Titration. Zn-VOL50 23.85

Pb 0.01-100 Pb by Titration. Pb-VOL70 35.70

Fe 0.01-100 Total Fe in Concentrates. Fe-VOL51 42.60

FeO 0.01-100 FeO (Ferrous Iron). Fe-VOL05 21.10

major, minor and Trace Elements in Concentrates


Ag 0.1-1,000 Fe 0.02%-100% Ni 2-100,000 Th 2-5,000

ME-MS61c 238.15

Al 0.02%-100% Ga 0.5-5,000 P 100-100,000 Ti 0.01%-100%

As 2-100,000 Ge 0.5-5,000 Pb 5-100,000 Tl 0.2-5,000

Ba 50-100,000 Hf 1-5,000 Rb 1-5,000 U 1-10,000

Be 0.5-10,000 In 0.05-2,500 Re 0.02-500 V 5-100,000

Bi 0.1-100,000 K 0.02%-100% S 0.05%-10% W 1-100,000

Ca 0.05%-100% La 5-5,000 Sb 0.5-10,000 Y 1-5,000

Cd 0.2-5,000 Li 2-5,000 Sc 1-10,000 Zn 20-100,000

Ce 0.1-5,000 Mg 0.02%-100% Se 10-10,000 Zr 5-5,000

Co 1-100,000 Mn 10-100,000 Sn 2-5,000

Cr 10,100,000 Mo 0.5-100,000 Sr 2-100,000

Cs 0.5-5,000 Na 0.02%-100% Ta 0.5-1,000

Cu 2-100,000 Nb 1-5,000 Te 0.5-5,000 * An aqua regia digestion option, ME-MS41c, is also available.

Analysis of mine concentrate and metallurgical samples is critical for the purchase and sale of commodities as well as the optimization of the recovery process. With so much riding on a correct result, control assays require meticulous work by highly trained technicians. The results must be of the highest caliber for reliability, accuracy and precision.

Concentrates, metallurgical materials and Bullion AnalysisWherever ALS Geochemistry performs work on commercial grade materials, the facilities are carefully separated and dedicated for such work. ALS Geochemistry employs highly trained and experienced registered assayers to oversee the work. All such work is performed using classical techniques, analyzed in duplicate as a minimum to assure quality. In addition to concentrate work, our specialty assay facilities are available for the analysis of precious metal bullions and other metallurgical materials such as carbon from leach circuits.

major minor and Trace Elements in high-Grade Ores and Concentrates

ALS Geochemistry has multi-element procedures specifically designed for this application. Please keep in mind that matrix and concentrate elements may create interferences that may prevent some analytes from being available for reporting.c

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Acid-Base Accounting packages

pArAmETErSSOBEk mEThOd pACkAGE COdE

ABA-pkG01 (m/S) ABA-pkG02 (m/S) ABA-pkG03 ABA-pkG04 ABA-pkG05**

Net Neutralization Potential (NNP)

Maximum Potential Acidity (MPA)

Neutralization Potential (NP) & Fizz

Ratio (NP : MPA)

Paste pH

Total Sulfur

HCl-leachable Sulfate

Sulfide *

Total Sulfate (Carbonate Leach)

Inorganic Carbon (CO2)

Sobek Package 77.40 101.90 130.15 121.10 149.35

M Modified Sobek Package 133.50 158.40 186.70 177.60 205.90

S Siderite Correction Package 133.50 158.40 186.70 177.60 205.90 * Sulfide is determined by calculation by default. If you would prefer sulfide determined by an analytical procedure then add “A” to the package code for an additional cost of $20.00.** For MEND NP method, request ABA-PKG05B.

net Acid Generation method

dESCripTiOn COdE priCE pEr SAmpLE ($)

Net Acid Generation (NAG) - Hydrogen peroxide is used to facilitate the rapid oxidation of sulfide. NAG is reported in kg H2SO4/tonne at pH 4.5 and pH 7.0. OA-VOL11 119.05

The storage of overburden, waste rock and mine water materials at mine sites must be carefully planned to minimize the environmental impact of mining operations. Samples may be tested to predict their acid producing or neutralizing potential, thus allowing responsible mine planning.

Acid-Base Accounting (ABA) proceduresAcid-base accounting, also called static testing, aims to predict the drainage chemistry of mine waste rock and tailings. The procedures calculate a neutralization potential, representing the ability of a body of rock to produce acidic drainage or to consume free acid and neutralize it. Sulfide minerals such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite in mine waste material react with water and oxygen to produce sulfuric acid, which may in turn leach metals from the same material and introduce them into the environment. Samples with abundant neutralizing minerals such as calcite and dolomite may act to increase natural pH in waters and prevent any acid and metal run-off.

Mineralogy of the sample will affect the accuracy of the ABA prediction. The presence of siderite (iron carbonate) may overestimate neutralizing potential of a sample if acid is introduced. Sulfates such as gypsum and barite will cause overestimation of the sulfur if a total sulfur measurement is used. Some samples may contain minerals which are not sulfide but which are acid-producing. There are carbonate minerals that do not neutralize the sample, as well as non-carbonate buffering minerals such as biotite and chlorite. Mineralogical knowledge of the sample is an important augmentation to the static ABA tests.

ALS Geochemistry offers a number of options for the determination of the Net Neutralization Potential (NNP), including the original method described by Sobek for the US EPA, the modification on Sobek by Lawrence and Wang, and a correction for the presence of siderite, which may cause overestimation of NNP in the Sobek method.

Net Acid Generation (NAG) provides a quantitative estimation of the amount of acid that can be generated by mine waste rock or tailings where the NNP does not, provided the rock is acid-generating and not acid-neutralizing. In order to analyze for metals in the leachate in addition to the NAG test, a full second leach must be performed and the procedure will be charged twice.

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Id-b

AS

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Remote projects require a high degree of support and logistical consideration. Where project location creates a logistic barrier to shipping large samples to the laboratory, or where the sample volume is such that it is more economical to process or pre-process samples on-site, ALS Geochemistry offers a carefully designed MOBILE SAMPLE PREPARATION LABORATORY solution for setting up on-site facilities. In some situations, on-site analytical capability is required.

Custom Mobile Sample Preparation LaboratoriesALS provides Mobile Sample Preparation expertise for remote project support. Mobile Sample Preparation Laboratories are manufactured by ALS Geochemistry for ALS clients - many of which are currently in operation around the globe. Both standard sample preparation configurations and more customised solutions for clients whose requirements are more unique are available via the experienced manufacturing team.

Complete Mobile Sample Preparation Laboratories can be manufactured in 6 to 8 weeks. ALS operates hub manufacturing facilities in Johannesburg, South Africa and Perth, Western Australia. All equipment is brand new with the exception of the container modules which are fabricated using reconditioned standard 20 foot or 40 foot shipping containers.

The container housing the laboratory is configured in such a way that it qualifies as a standard 20 foot or 40 foot shipping container which can be moved using standard container handling equipment. A dust collector manifold is shipped in the container with all the preparation equipment. This allows for complete installation of the entire system in a matter of hours.

An ALS Geochemistry supervisor will be on-site for the installation of the facility, typically less than 2 days, after a suitable small concrete pad (or alternative site preparation) has been constructed.

ALS Mobile Sample Preparation solutions consist of either a standard 10 foot by 20 foot, or a 10 foot by 40 foot standard shipping container which is converted into a mobile sample preparation facility comprising:

• Primary jaw crushers;

• Pulverisers;

• Rotary and/or riffle splitters;

• Working stations;

• Dust collection;

• Electric drying oven including carts;

• Heavy duty air compressor;

• Core cutting;

• Core layout and photography;

• Diesel powered generator package (100 kVA, optional); and

• Secure Data Management – LIMS, Webtrieve™, CoreViewer™.

Mobile Sample Preparation facilities can be easily expanded into a full service on-site analytical laboratory.

ALS Geochemistry can be contracted to provide on-site training in most languages (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian and others). Alternatively, training of client staff can be conducted at an ALS Geochemistry laboratory.

Under certain conditions and given sufficient lead time, ALS Geochemistry is also able to operate such facilities on a contract basis, using ALS Geochemistry personnel.

Contact

Please contact our client services team at the ALS Minerals laboratory nearest to you for more in-depth discussions of your custom mobile sample preparation laboratory project.

E: [email protected]

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ALS Mine Site delivers the full range of ALS Minerals division testing capabilities with signature ALS Quality, Service and Deliverables at mine sites globally - irrespective of remoteness. Partnering with ALS Mine Site provides peace of mind that design, establishment, commissioning and daily laboratory management will be completed to the same high standard that characterizes all ALS Minerals facilities.

Mine Site Laboratory ServicesALS designs, installs and operates dedicated mine site laboratories at mining projects that are “Fit for Purpose”, in some of the most remote key mining locations around the world. Mine site laboratory services are tailored to suit project requirements. ALS mine site laboratories provide finger tip access to world-class data to assist in making better strategic and operational decisions.

The state-of-the-art equipment used in ALS mine site laboratories is consistent with that in ALS commercial analytical geochemistry laboratories, ensuring the same reliable and superior outcomes are delivered. Applying the principles, procedures and quality standards to the operation of mine site laboratories offers clients the assurance and convenience that demands will be met with the utmost of customer care.

ALS mine site laboratories are operated by experienced personnel with full support from an extensive global laboratory network of over 75 ALS Geochemistry facilities.

Access to global ALS management experience, coupled with sufficient staffing and equipment levels, ensures high quality data is delivered on time.

Mine Site Laboratory Services: • Design & build new mine site laboratories;

• Expand, debottleneck, optimize &/or update existing mine site laboratories;

• Mobile laboratory facilities for both sample preparation & analysis;

• Expand mobile sample preparation facilities into full service analytical laboratories;

• Operate, manage & maintain mine site laboratories, new & existing;

• Near mine site laboratory analyses solutions;

• Grade control analyses;

• Exploration analyses;

• Metallurgical process plant control analyses;

• Mineral sample preparation;

• Physical testing;

• Fire assay;

• Wet chemistry;

• Instrumentation including AAS, ICP-AES/MS, XRF, TGA, LECO;

• BLEG, LeachWELL™;

• Secure Data Management – LIMS, Webtrieve™, CoreViewer™;

• Laboratory audits;

• Inventory management (consumables, purchasing);

• Training and consulting; and

• Sample collection; Moisture analysis, Bulk Density, SG & particle size distributions.

Auxiliary supporting testing and inspection services include:• Environmental analysis for water, soil, tailings;

• Metallurgical testwork for process optimization analysis;

• Advanced mineralogy technologies;

• Oil condition monitoring for the mining fleet; and

• Commercial settlement analyses through inspection of concentrate, cathode or bullion.

Contact

Please contact our client services team at the ALS Minerals laboratory nearest to you for more in-depth discussions of your mine site laboratory project.

E: [email protected]

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MineralogyMineralogy is an important component of resource evaluation and metallurgical testwork development. Analysis can be done to determine the relative proportions of valuable and gangue minerals, and their degree of liberation in the sample. This data is then used to predict, or explain, the subsequent behavior of the various classes of mineral particles, in real or simulated mineral processing operations. ALS Minerals has a market leading position in the range and capabilities of our automated mineralogy equipment, with analysis carried out using a range of technologies including MLA (Mineral Liberation Analyzer), QEMSCAN®, X-ray diffraction, ParticleSCAN, and HyLogger™. Our team of highly experienced professional and technical staff integrate these various analytical techniques to provide our clients with accurate, quantitative and traceable understanding of the mineralogical variability within a deposit.

Our technical experts integrate quantitative mineralogy with bankable metallurgy to provide critical information for mineral process flowsheet development or optimization. Working together, our team of highly experienced mineralogists and metallurgists provide you with complete understanding of how your ore will respond to extractive processes.

Mineralogical data available from our range of technologies include:

• Mineral species & compositions • Liberation & locking

• Mineral distribution & associations • Textural information

• Mineral grain & particle size distributions • Color coded particle images

• Elemental distributions of key minerals • Bulk mineral species & distributions

• Mineralogical limiting grade recovery curves • Trace mineral identification

We can add value throughout the life cycle of your mining project:

• Exploration • Pilot plant testwork support

• Prefeasibility & feasibility studies • Plant control & troubleshooting

• Resource & reserve determination • Plant audits & monthly surveys

• Geometallurgy • Smelter management

• Mine planning & production scheduling • Environmental assessment

• Concentrator process design & optimization • Mine rehabilitation analysis

ALS Minerals provides quantitative mineralogical analysis for the exploration, mining, metallurgical and environmental sectors. Our recent acquisitions consolidate our market leading position in providing world class mineralogical services. Know more about your ore with our integrated mineralogical and metallurgical services to maximize productivity and efficiency of exploration, mineral process design and optimization, mining, production, marketing and rehabilitation processes.

Improved res

Chalcopyrite (orange) locked in coarse silicate-‐rich particles in a heap leach residue

Alunite 0.11 1044

Background 1.53 14115

Chalcopyrite 0.03 258

Fe Oxides 1.12 10322

Feldspar 21.10 194992

Gypsum 3.36 31045

Jarosite 3.92 36206

Kaolinite 0.06 553

Micas/clays 30.10 278093

Minor Phases 0.02 206

Pyrite 1.11 10287

Quartz 38.35 354373

Rutile 0.72 6626

Mineral Name

Chalcopyrite (orange) locked in coarse silicate-rich particles in a heap leach residue

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The metallurgical response of a mineral or concentrate to an extraction process is determined by a program of metallurgical testing and evaluation. Bankable metallurgical testwork from ALS Metallurgy is the key to minimizing your technical risks associated with mineral processing flowsheet development through well-planned, well-managed, and well-executed metallurgical test work programs.

MetallurgyIn addition to the acquisition of Ammtec, a leading Australian metallurgical testwork consultancy with global recognition, ALS recently announced the acquisition of G&T Metallurgical Services. The merger of the Ammtec and G&T metallurgical testwork businesses into the portfolio of mineral services offered by ALS allows us to provide a leading range of services, at all stages of the mining life cycle.

Our highly experienced technical staff operate from world class metallurgical testwork facilities based in Perth, Adelaide, Sydney, Burnie, Australia; and in Kamloops, Canada.

Through laboratory bench scale and large scale pilot plant testing of ore samples, we provide data to determine how the ore responds to extractive processing, from optimization studies to scoping studies and pre-feasibility to full bankable studies, for any mineral extraction process. We work closely with our clients globally to develop and demonstrate bankable metallurgical process flowsheets designed to solve metallurgical challenges to even the most complex geology, for all commodities.

Scope of Services include:• Comprehensive bench scale mineral processing testwork laboratories including comminution & SAG testwork, flotation,

gravity & magnetic separation & more

• Continuous pilot plant operations including AG/SAG mill, HPGR, UFG, flotation

• Comprehensive hydrometallurgical testing, both bench & pilot scale, including ore roasting & cracking, HPAL, heap leaching as well as SX-EW & more

• Advanced automated mineralogy including MLA, QEMSCAN®, XRD, HyLogger™

• Geometallurgy testwork

ALS Metallurgy works closely with the international mining, engineering and financial sectors to develop and demonstrate successful mineral extraction processing strategies by providing you with an accurate understanding and evaluation of the chemical, mineralogical and metallurgical factors for all major ore types:

• Precious metals - gold, silver, platinum group metals

• Base metals - copper, cobalt, lead, zinc, molybdenum, manganese

• Iron ore - hematite, magnetite, goethite, itabirite

• Nickel - laterite & sulfide ores

• Uranium & thorium

• Rare earth minerals & other exotics

• Mineral sands

• Industrial minerals

• Tungsten & tin

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1. Terms and Conditions

Complete Terms and conditions of service are included with each service quotation provided to clients. The following lists some of the key terms and conditions that will be applicable to every quotation for work.

2. Provision of Services

a) The Client acknowledges that it is the Client’s sole responsibility to make its own assessment of the suitability for any purpose of the Services, detection limits and confidence intervals inherent in ALS’s standard testing methodology, the ALS Report and its contents.

b) If the Client requires the Services to be performed by specific test method, or requires detection limits and/or confidence intervals different to those inherent in ALS’s standard testing methodology, then the Client must instruct ALS of such a variation prior to ALS performing the Services.

3. fees and payment

a) ALS reserves the right to review prices at any time if significant changes to ALS’s costs are incurred that are beyond ALS’s control, such changes may include, but are not limited to, changes in legislative requirements, Client variations to sample numbers, analytes requested, turnaround required, or reporting requirements.

b) Payment terms are 30 days from the date of invoice (Due Date), unless negotiated otherwise prior to the placement of an order or submission of samples. Any such variance from the standard payment terms must be stipulated separately in writing in the Agreement.

c) All prices quoted by ALS are exclusive of GST (or other value added tax if relevant) unless stated otherwise.

d) All fees due and payable after the Due Date (Outstanding Amount) will be subject to the payment of interest at a rate of 1.5% per month of the Outstanding Amount from the Due Date up to and including the date of payment, unless ALS and the Client otherwise agree in writing.

e) The Client will indemnify ALS for any fees incurred by ALS to recover the Outstanding Amount, including any solicitor fees, or collection agency fees.

4. Limitation of Liability

a) To the full extent permitted by law, ALS excludes all warranties, terms, conditions or undertakings (Terms), whether expressed or implied, in relation to the Services, the ALS Report, or its contents. Where any legislation implies any Terms in this Agreement that cannot be modified or excluded then, such Terms shall deem to be included. However, to the full extent permitted by law, ALS’s liability to the Client for any breach of any Terms that cannot be excluded by law is limited at ALS’s option to the re-performance of the Services or the refund of the fee for the Services.

b) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, the cumulative liability of ALS under this Agreement to the Client and any third party is limited for any claim for loss or damage whatsoever, whether arising in tort or contract or any other cause of action, to the value of the Services provided by ALS to the Client.

c) Without limiting the generality of clauses 4.a) and 4.b), it is agreed that, to the full extent permitted by any applicable laws having jurisdiction, ALS will not be liable to the Client or any other person for any special, indirect or Consequential Loss arising from the Client’s use of, reliance on, or benefit of, the Services or any ALS Report.

d) The Client acknowledges that during the performance of the Services, any samples supplied by, or on behalf of, the Client or parts thereof may be altered, lost, damaged or destroyed. ALS will not be liable whatsoever to the Client or any third party for any samples so altered, lost, damaged or destroyed.

5. Termination

a) ALS may suspend or terminate its obligations under this Agreement if (a) monies payable to ALS by the client are outstanding 60 days or more (unless otherwise agreed) after the date of invoice, (b) other substantial breach by the Client of their obligations under the Agreement, which breach is not remedied within 30 days of written notice from ALS requiring the breach to be remedied, (c) by giving the Client 60 days written notice of ALS’s intention to terminate.

b) The Client may terminate its obligations under this Agreement in the event of a substantial breach by ALS of its obligations under the Agreement, which breach has not been remedied within 30 days of written notice from the Client to ALS requiring the breach to be remedied.

c) If ALS, acting reasonably, suspects that the Client is insolvent or is having difficulties paying its debts as and when they become due, or the Client is insolvent, ALS may give written notice to the Client of ALS’s intention to immediately suspend or terminate is obligations under this Agreement.

d) In the event of termination, ALS is entitled to be paid for all work performed before the date of termination and for any unavoidable commitments entered into by ALS before the date of termination.

6. Confidential information

a) Neither ALS nor the Client will disclose Confidential Information of the other party to any third party without the prior written consent of the other party, unless required by law or the rules of a relevant stock exchange.

b) ALS and the Client will only use Confidential Information of the other party for the purpose of the supply of the Services.

Please refer to the ALS Website for full Terms and Conditions: www.alsglobal.com/minerals/Geochemistry/downloads

Selected Terms & Conditions

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Geochem

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mendoza

Tel: +54 261 431 9880Em

ail: [email protected]

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AdelaideTel: +61 8 8359 0890Em

ail: alsminerals.adelaide@

alsglobal.comAlice SpringsTel: +61 8 8952 6020Em

ail: alsminerals.alicesprings@

alsglobal.comBrisbaneTel: +61 7 3243 7222Em

ail: alsminerals.brisbane@

alsglobal.comBurnie Tel: +61 3 6431 6333 Em

ail: alsminerals.burnie@

alsglobal.comDarw

inTel: +61 8 8922 2800 Em

ail: alsminerals.darw

[email protected]

kalgoorlieTel: +61 8 9021 1457Em

ail: alsminerals.kalgoorlie@

alsglobal.comm

ount isaTel: +61 7 4740 1700Em

ail: alsminerals.m

[email protected]

OrangeTel: +61 2 6393 1100Em

ail: alsminerals.orange@

alsglobal.comPerthTel: +61 8 9347 3222Em

ail: alsminerals.perth@

alsglobal.comTow

nsvilleTel: +61 7 4796 0600Em

ail: alsminerals.tow

[email protected]

Bo

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OruroTel: +591 2 527 8235Em


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Belo horizonteTel: +55 31 3045 8400 Em


GoianiaAvenida AnhangueraTel: +55 62 3088 4800Em


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OuagadougouTel: +226 5035 6077Em

ail: alsm.ouagadougou@

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ail: alsminerals.phnom

[email protected]

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yaoundeTel: +237 2218 2540Em

ail: alsm.yaounde@

alsglobal.comCA

nA

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ClientServicesECAN@

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CAN@

alsglobal.comkam

loopsTel: +1 250 573 5700Em

ail: alsm.kam

[email protected]

SudburyTel: +1 705 560 7225Em

ail: alsm.sudbury@

alsglobal.comTerraceTel: +1 250 635 3309Em

ail: alsm.terrace@

alsglobal.com

Thunder BayTel: +1 807 475 3329Em

ail: alsm.thunderbay@

alsglobal.comTim

mins

Tel: +1 705 360 1987Em

ail: alsm.tim

mins@

alsglobal.comval-d’OrTel: +1 819 825 0178Em

ail: alsm.valdor@

alsglobal.comVancouverTel: +1 604 984 0221Em

ail: alsm.vancouver@

alsglobal.comW

hitehorseTel: +1 867 633 4746Em

ail: alsm.w

[email protected]

yellowknife

Tel: +1 867 873 5159Em

ail: alsm.yellow

[email protected]

Chile

AntofagastaTel: +56 5 589 2110Em


La Serena Tel: +56 2 654 6135Em


Chin

AGuangzhouTel: +86 20 3687 5966Em

ail: alsminerals.guangzhou@

alsglobal.comhohhotTel: +86 471 360 0886Em


alsglobal.com

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alsglobal.comCo

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BogotaTel: +57 1 826 1635Em

ail: alscolombia@

alsglobal.comBucaram

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alsglobal.comm

edellinTel: +57 4 306 9122Em

ail: alscolombia@

alsglobal.comeCu

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ail: alschemex-ecuador@

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alsglobal.comFin

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Tel: + 225 306 47697Em

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Monrovia

Tel: +231 (0) 776 737 467

Email: alsm

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alsglobal.comM

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Tel: +223 20 21 31 37Em

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[email protected]

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alsglobal.comChihuahuaTel: +52 614 417 9728Em

ail: alsm.chihuahua@

alsglobal.comGuadalajaraTel: +52 33 3619 7438Em

ail: alsm.guadalajara@

alsglobal.comherm

osilloTel: +52 662 260 7586Em

ail: alsm.herm

[email protected]

ZacatecasTel: +52 492 768 1474Em

ail: alsm.zacatecas@

alsglobal.comM

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ail: alsmongolia@

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Per

uArequipaTel: +51 54 46 3649Em


CuscoTel: +51 84 23 3406Em


Lima

Tel: +51 1 574 5700Em


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Tel: +40 258 780 395

Email: alsrm

[email protected]

ru

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Moscow

Tel: +7 499 724 34 62 Em

ail: alsm.m

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[email protected]

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ail: alsm.johannesburg@

alsglobal.comsPA

inSevilleTel: +34 955 981 491Em


swed

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wanza

Tel: +255 28 255 0486Em

ail: alsm.m

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[email protected]

AnchorageTel: +1 907 349 1789Em

ail: ALSM.Anchorage@

alsglobal.comElkoTel: +1 775 738 2054Em

ail: alsm.elko@

alsglobal.comfairbanksTel: +1 907 452 2188Em

ail: alsm.fairbanks@

alsglobal.comrenoTel: +1 775 356 5395Em

ail: alsm.reno@

alsglobal.comW

innemucca

Tel: +1 775 625 4192Em

ail: alsm.w

innemucca@

alsglobal.com

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als geochemistry service schedule 2013 - usd

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