A LOVE SUPREME

iVA 1NATEGENEZAJIFEditorial

ON UMOJA (UNITY

AND CR ITTCISM

(FROM THE TEACHINGS OF'

Recent discussion which has come up among variou's Blac

concerns the proper role of UMOJA (Unity) and critic m

for liberation .

There are Black groups which still criticize

olently that no room

tween them .

~ .y~Pr for fear of breaking

of UMOJA is that UMOJA

c riticism which does not lead to UMOJA .

Contents

pageBLACK MARKETERoeeeee Wee 2SWAHILI LESSON, a� e a e�, a 2bDRUM,eeeveeeoeW,eeWWO 3GLOBAL VIEWS, e e e� e ,v ,W 4BURNING SPEAReeeeeeeee~ W 6RHYTHM AND BLO~e:eaeeoe T

Vol e I~ No, l3- published by :HOUSE of UMOJAP,O, ];5187San Francisco, Calife

94115

each othe'

left open for the purpose ot'c

the other hand, there are other grou

scale which .desire UMOJA among Black organizations so Madly that they completely

lbok.over the differences between them, thinking that )

they will somehow disappear by magic (Black or otherwi .

a1Sle'to criticize either Black organizations or Pilack

the UNITY of the Black nation,

without constructive

r

weary because we mu

the oppressor, ~'

litically . At the

grou~rs' acx',os

the na ion

n our nat a~nal struggle

so :~~cequt~r~tly and so vi-

eating boe~c~s Qf UMOJA be-

s at the other end of the

if d .visiou~s a,re ignored.,

e) ~

These xgrou~as are un-

ndivxduals when tliey mess

IIT~e position of the HOtJSE

criticism llis ,just a~ invalid as any

I

The fact is that Ilal~ Black pieople need one

another (even when r~e mess up~',~ because ever~r

one of us ha s a co on wntexest which is mares-..w...~ *.,~.~

im ortant than all

~' our diPfe ences_ put t��o-M

ether, and that ini~ezest _lies ~in y tie ,surviv

1 of all Black people .

Black UNITY i~s nee-

st preseMt ~a common :front

s well as

cvnsaructiv~ ,

o-

BLACK POWER PAGE 2

BLACK BOYCOTT CONTINUES :

The Black boycott- of Housewive's chants withoour hard-earned cash a dMarket

is again in lull effect as .of

welfare

checks

when these merchantsJune 22,

with the strike now spread-

at the same time support the cop ,ing

to major businesses in the down-

that wild army of killers which occ -town, Oakland area . Followit,y~a shell

pies Black neighborhoods .

This 'sand pea game run on the Black Commu-

our boycott . , . Help us continue in o i rpity by, white merchants, the &.ACKS, mass$Ve Oakland Strike for Justicel :FOR JUSTICE COMMITTEE is asking that BLACKS"FOR JUSTICE is asking that ~veBlack people stay completely away boycott the following stores"

-from downtown

Oakland

and. .. do t~xeix -,

HOUSEWIVE'S MARKETshopping elsewhere .

In the words o~

gktAN+gits dedicated co-chairman and m°bili-

MILENS

iization chairman," Mrs . Marie 'Walker

RED'S TAMALES (Mayor Reading's CJohnson,

"Our . aims

and-,goals arse to

INGRAM'S FOODS (

~ - -

" -boycott the whole dity :"

OAKLAND 1RIBUNEIn an exclusive interviewwith

SMITH'SBLACK POWER : Newspaper,, Mrs . Johnson

CAPW~iLL'Sstated that-for the last two or three

FOgTER~gweeks .the Committee has been meetingwith downtown merchants in order .towork out a solution to the problems

** Those who want to join the pilck-of

the

hard-core

unemployed, . . mis-

et

line

can

contact Mrs . Johnson ~ attreated of Black people by police, 655-1791 .anytime after 6 :00 P .M .and white injustice in the courtroom .As Mrs . Johnson Pointed , .out, like :most cities with Black populationsthroughout America, Oakland containsall the ingredients for a full-scalerebellion .

So about a week ago, the LiLACKS FORJUSTICfi COMMITTEE in good faith sue-pended its boycott of Housewive'sMarket at the request _of these mer-changs in order that these_ mer-chants

could allegedly begin to actupon . Black demands

for justice .

ButChuck took advantage of the boycott

slums ofL Detroit, Newark, Ehicago,New YorK and other U.S . cities tofight f r the freedom of the Affo-American ." He has .actually spokepthe m4n

oP' many of the Black soldiers " ' ~'AS the Black soldiers occupy

h' of the, U.S . aggressivem Vist Nam, the strong anti-iments among them k~awe seri-inteyrated the morale'of the

troops .Brothe s who have received firat-

hand information f~COm B1aGk soldiersare getting themselves together, and:vow to shay out of the beast's forces"by any means necessary" .

ANAh*WAR CONFO HBLD

B1ackJpeople from all over the~Uni-

IN NBNT YORK

tad Stsday con :to discof solomercenarcivil wawas call(National Slack Anti-Wa; Anti-DraftUnion), passed important resolutionsrelatinf~ to the resistance o! Black iyouth td the drat, the .hole of Blackwoaen 3~n our national liberaionstruggle, Black alternatives to thedraft, hand the relationship of theBlack atlpcuygie in IIS to other l~bera"tion struggles thoughout the ~Th3,rd .World. ~,

One oil! these-resolutions moved thatNBAWIADU~ pushed for the organizing ofBlack

coops for massive rssistanoaHLACK SOLDIERS RESTST

to whit aggression against ou: :ViOt-WHITE WAR MACHINE .

lil

namese

brothers, and that "localDespite close surveihlance by s~e-

Black

ti-war groups in oeoperaticsnvial

agents and fascist suppress on

with NB~WADU undertake organizing aa-

by reactionary officers, more a d

tivitie among Black apulflisrs . in

more American soldiers have recen ly

their ~ff-duty hours !or the .purposd ,

stepped up their organized activit'es

of creating Black consciousness among

against the.U.S . war of aggression in

these

coops o that when they leave

Viet Nam, according to a report f om,

the -mi]~itaxy they will actively par"ticipat

in . the , Black libsrration,Washington .

moratorium to advertise on so-called

a

atruggl~' and teach their, militaryThis struggle within has stead ly

skills. ~to.pther members of the FlackNegro radio

stations that-

the

weakened the fighting capacity of he

�strike

had

been

complately

called

U,g, Imperialist troops and someti es

~ommuni'~y .'off, and outrageously low food prices

The ~Oaferane®-itetad to mtrengthen �were

then

run.

down over the : air in ., seriously

hampered

the operationloftheaU .S : Imperialist war 'machine .~,l :

3,ts ti~s :with other inhabitants of"

order to re-attract Black people back

Many of the Black soldiers in she

the Thi d World, and resolved . ..that. �

to the store (the huge loss to the ~U .S, Army, who have tempered th ra-

Victory forth! peaple "in~Vietnam,isystore in selling at prices below

selves and raised their polio al

victory for Black people in th~i~~rt~-~

wholesale cost is being covered by~ consciousness in the struggle agai st

t~d Sta'~es .

Further information a-

downtown merchants) .

The huge -in-

racial oppression, are playing . a very

bout~th activities of NIaAWADU Can be

,crease in business (the boycott ha3

important role

in this

anti- ar

obtains by writing the organiastion

been

over 80%

effective

went

to

stru

le .

As '+second-class

z

g" .

at100Th Avs� Suite 803, Nsa'York,gg

piti e

New yor~t 1001TChuck's head,_, and

thinking lie had

at home and "second-clas3 !oldie s"broken

the spirit

of Black .people,

in the army of aggression abro d, "announced' at a meeting wi h the COm-

theca Black soldiers have suffeze amittee several days ago that the mar-

great deal of oppression and discr en-chants

would now act independently,

ination .

From ; their own bitter

x=and that

" . . .some demands could Pos-

perience of being deprived of free omsibly beiimplemented

within

two

or

more

and

more

Black

soldiers h vsthree weeks ."

seen `through Lyndon Johnson's bra enCan you digit? The white owners of

lie about sending them t° Viet Nam tothose funky smelling garbage dumps, "save freedom" . A Black soldier

hodowntown must think that we are stone

refused to go to the Far~East to lpe-ools : Black people : there is no way

come cannon fodder said :

"I show~or us

to

support~thgse honky mar-

'stay

in the ,United

States, , in ~he

es r.$~Cent1Y attended a thsae-erence at the Hotel Aiplomatss the threat posed to peopleby the participatiop of .'~

Y troops

in the Vietnameser

lThis conference,' whiched by the railatant NBAWADU

ch ck out the nea1CK MUSIC pupiiaatipn,

wr is .for .oop es to:pi . , box 883ns auk, new ~arsay"

SUPPORT OUR BLACK BROTHERS ; ; ; ;

On June 4, 1968, three Black Brothersfrom San Jose, Calif, were arrestedin Washington D, C, on murder chargesof two white marines, The Brot-hers had come to D, C, on the PoorPeople's March,

and even though thekilling of the Marines was

clearlydone in self-defense, Brothers Hodasi(Benjamin Murdock), Cornelius Frazier,and Gordon Alexander were indicted oncharges of first-degree murder,Since then Cornelius Frazier, a

member of the Omega Psi Phi Frater-pity at San Jose State College, wasreleased from the murder charges, butthen was immediately charged withfailure to report a felony in thesame circumstances,

He was subse-quently released on $5,000 bond, andseveral days ago all charges againsthim were dropped,

The other twoBrothers are still being held in jailin Washington

with no bond havingbeen set,

The case has received wide publicattention, both in Washington D.C�where the event occured, and in theSan Francisco Bay Area, where theBrothers live, The lives and libertyof these Brothers are in

seriousjeapordy, aA legal defense team of atleast three Black lawyers is neededto keep two of them from being elec-trocuted, It is highly possible thatit will be necessary to fight thecade to the United States SuprimeCourt in order to save their lives,This will require litigation in threedifferent courts, and the cost

mayrange as high as $25,000 for legaldefense,

Black People demand that BrothersHodari and Alexander by set free : : : : :We will not stand idly by while thecourageous young warriors of our BlackCommunities are lynched "Northernstyle", These Brothers need yourhelpd< Contributions may be sent to :

Brother Ruben WarrenBasileusOmega Psi Phi Fraternity335 South 11th StreetSan Jose, Californiaor

Black Militant Legal Defense Fundc/o Eastern Regional House of UmojaP,O, Box 6652Washington D.C,

BLACK DEFENSE FUND STARTED

A "Legal Defense Fund for Black Mi-litants has been started by BlackPeople in the '~lashington D, C, area,The kickoff for the project, co-

sponsored by the New School of Afro-American Thought and the Eastern Re-

TRUTH OF WATKINS MURDER REVEALED

\\\PAGE 2a gLA~K POWER

ONTARIO -- Ted Watkins, age 26, was born in Chicago, Illinois,

studiedin California and became a football hero,

After emigrating to Canadafive years ago, he played professional football with the Hamilton TigerCats of the Canadian Football League.

He and his wife, Ndthalyn, toge-ther with their four daughters lived in Burlington,, Ontario,He gained prominence in Canada, apart from being a professional foot-

ball player, by speaking out against racial prejudice and discriminationand the subtle (and not so subtle} forms in which it exists in Canada,He wad instrumental in founding the Afro-American Progressive Associa-

tion . As Chairman of the A,A,P,A, and an active spokesman, his servicewas a vital contribution to the liberation of Black people everywhere .

On June 2, 1968, Ted Watkins was slain and his brother Clifford waswounded by a white store owner and a white clerk, in an alleged liquorstore holdup in Stockton, California .

What actually occurred was that Watkins and his brother became involvedin an argument with the white clerk after the clerk refused to cash asmall check covering the cost of then purchase (which consisted of potato chips and soft drinks) .

When the clerk began cursing his brother,Watkins fired on his jaw .

The clerk, who has a rep from killing anotherBlack man in

a former

alleged "holdup" attempt,

then ,produced a pistolfrom beneath his shirt, In an attempt to disarm him, Watkins lunged ac-ross the counter at him, and as they wrestled through a plate glass win-dow at the front of the store, Watkins was shot twice, After an unsuc-cessful attempt to disarm the clerk, Watkins' brother was wounded in theshoulder by a white man alleged to be the store owner, As he fled, twomore shots rang out from within the store . He was arrested Later in Sac-ramento when he sought treatment at a hospital, Coroner's reports estab-lished later that Ted Watkins had been shot four times, in the back ofthe neck, in the chest, and twice in the back, Two of the bullets camefrom a ,22 pistol ; the other two from a ,38,The secretary of the A,A,P,A,, Jose Garcia, stated that "We in the

Afro-American Progressive Association refuse to accept the initial re-ports from the white, racist news media of the U,S,A, and Canada, 6Jecannot believe that a man ,who earns between x$10,000 and $15,000 per season as a professional football player would resort to liquor store hold-ups" even had he been uptight financially, Further, such a man would nottravel nearly 3,000 miles to rob a liquor store in California when theliquor stares in Ontario are amply stocked with both money and liquor,"

The murder of Brother Ted Watkins is a great loss for Black people e-verywhere,

May we mourn his death,

as Jose Garcia has said, in "actionrather than weeping ."

gional Office of the HOUSE of UMOJA,was a "Night of Soul" benefit at EdMurphy's Supper Club in the heart ofthe D.C, Black ghetto on Sunday,July 14,Brother Damu Weusi, featured spea-

ker and Eastern Regional Ambassadorto the HOUSE of UMOJA, called for.the legal defense fund k"because ourBlack heroes have given their livesand their deaths for Black People,while we haven't given anything inreturn,"

Iie said that "Black People deser-ted Garvey when the United States,Britain, and France caught him up on"mail fraud," and we dove under ourbeds while they were pumping bulletsinto Brother Malcolm," He mentionedthat other Black militants such asli, Rap Brown, L.eroi .Jones, Max Stan-ford, Huey f, Newton, and MuhammadAli have not received adequatesupport from Black People in theirlegal battles, Brother Damu explain-ed that the initial funds in theproject would go to Benjamin Murdock,Cornelius Frazier, and Gordon Alex-ander, three Brothers accused in the

slaying of two White Marines ina D,C, suburb last month,Most of the night was taken up by

Black entertainment, beginning withBlack Philadelphia poet Yusuf .Rahman.,who with a mixture of lights"took the audience into a journey totheir inner selves,"

He was joinedby jazz artist Byard Lancaster, whosenewest album, "Its .Not Up to Us," hasreceived favorable reviews all acrossthe country, The final act was theCarol Joyner African Drum and DanceTroupe, -who set the audience hand-clapping and foot-stomping with theirlively review of songs, dancing, andtraditional drumming,

A collection was taken,

BLACK POWER PAGE 2b,

SWAHILI LESSON #1 : THE PRESENT TENSE

The present tense in Swahili corresponds to the "I am doing,""you are doing" tense in English .

The verb 'kusema' means "to 'speak:"Thus, to form the present tense, we drop the -ku from the infinitives

We see that the verb is made up of a :

NOTB ;

In the monosyllabic verbs, e.g ., kola, kuja, and the verbs kwenda andkwisha, the -ku of the infinitive is retained in this tense to make iteasier to say :

The present tense in Swahili corresponds to an action in progress . Thusin the case !hinasema' we may translate it as either "I am doing" or "I do,"with it understood that "I do" in this case means that the speaker is doingthe action right now .

VERBS FOR PRACTICE :

For each of the following verbs, form the present tense using "I" and "You"as subjects :

AIUHAI~MAD' SPEAKS ME'WSRAPER1.'. ¢~{EAST 791h iT.

CMICA00. ILL. 60919;

t

O 1 YEAR ( 52 issos !~~

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . : .

,

'~ q b MOS. {26 issues :<

a0

Enter my~ subt,cription to MUHAMMADSPEAKS. Ehdosed is my mohey ordor ;

i Checkhow you wish to receive

LQ MAIL SINSCRIPTION

for E : . : . . . ~ .~ 1 Muhammad Speaks Newspaper

pHOME DELIVERY

. .~ Names

oddr~ss

city -

1 Plsdy~ ~

~

Eindassd Yoer Wilt Pind ;f1 ADDRESS . .

ni-na-sema

I am speakingu-na-sema

You are speaking

Subject Prefix

Tense Sign

Verb Stemni

na

sema

ninakuja

I am coming

unakuja

You areninakula

I am eating

unakula

You areninakunywa

I am drinking

unakunywa

You are

kuleta

to bringkuweka

to put, placekungoja

to waitkuanguka

to fallkwenda

to go (see note)kola

to eat (see note)

NDUGU ZAI~U WAMEKUFUAA WAISHI:e(LONG LIVE OUR ANCESTORS : :)

comingeatingdrinking

" +~ ~ ~~ Please CI ip and Mnil 'to:

~ Nuey P. Newton Defense funt~ ,

P.O . BOX 8641Emery villa BranekOakl,arld, Galifnmin

...r..r.~~~.~,.._~.._-.~ ._ ..._ e

In practice, this is

EXAMPLES :

written as one word : ninasema

ninafanya Lam doing unafanya You are doingninafua I am washing unafua You are washingninafunga I am shutting unafunga You are shuttingninafika I am arriving unafika You are arriving

REPORT FROM FUNK CITY., .

There are a lot of things which canhit you upon first walking behind theReflecting Pool into Resurrection Ci-ty, U.S .A . :

Some people talk about the mud . Itis a sea of mud which is everywhere,stretching from plywood shanty . t oplywood shanty, covering your shoesand socks, trailing on your pants,and somehow' getting up to your facein little brown splatters .

It hasrained

on the, average of three timesa week

in

D . C.

since the Poor Peo-ple's Campaign began in mid-May, and'the once-grassy plot where Resurrec-tion City now stands has turned frombright green to

a

muddy reddishbrown .

Some of the houses are likelittle islands, completely surroundedby water which refuses to dry even inthe heat .

Some people first notice the shan-ties themselves . Most were built inV-shape up from their plywood floor-ing, with no area to stand in and on-ly enough room for bed and belong-ings . Most of the Brothers and Sis-ters do little else but sleep anddress in their shanties . Some, how-ever, have planned on longer stays,and have built up duplexes, three-andfour-room flats, and even two-storyho~xses, all from the original oneroom :"V" plan .

Almost everybody hasslapped some paint upside their shan-ties and the inspirations range from"000 Poor Avenue,", "House of Ma~colm#1" and "Carl B . Stokes says "Cleve-land Now :" to the out-of-sightpaintings of the "Wall of Hunger^ orthe New Breed center .

The thing that hits most folksfirst, though, is the smell . Collect-ing garbage for 3,000 people ain't nosmall thing, especially when they'reliving in such small quarters . It isa smell of rotting trash., hot mud,and the sweat of the people, all in-creased by the 90-degree heat .

To~

tell the truth, though, it was hardfor me to tell the smell in Funky Ci-ty, as it's been called, from therest of the D.C . ghetto, where gar-bage pickup by the government hasbeen less than perfect . One thingyou do notice, however, is that thereare no rats in Resurrection City, e-ven though they are a hazard in therest of Washington . Maybe theydrowned in the mud . .,

This report was written oneweek before Resurrection Citywas closed down by the enemy,and comes to BLACK P06VER ex-clusively by one of our repor-ters on the scene there .

But the thing I dig about Resurrec-tion City is Black People, my people .We came from all over the country ;from the ghettos of Chicago, from thewaterfronts of Oakland, from thehills of Pittsburgh . It must be thefirst time since we were ripped offto this country . 400 years ago thatthese many Black People from thesemany areas have been able to spendthis much time together . The Sistersare fine and the Brothers are strong ;there is the constant hum of comingand going, of building, and of liv-ing .

It hasn't always been pleasant,full of Brotherly and Sisterly love .A sister was found in the ReflectingPool one morning, her throat cut . Animmediate problem for the SCLC staffwas to keep Brothers and Sisters fromfighting each other, and from steal-ing what little one another had . ALove Supreme for our Black Peopledoes not come by magic, we learned,but by a long process of teaching andexample .Another problem has been the white

people . They seem to be everywhere,although they are greatly outnumberedby the Brothers and Sisters .

Theyrange from hippies to liberals toradicals to the truly poor whites,who are without a doubt the nastiestpeople I've seen . Although food isfree and easy to obtain, even fornon-residents, I watched a white manfrom the hills of Tennessee collecthalf-eaten oranges, and sandwichesafter every meal, stuffing his pock-ets with them .

"The white man been messing withthem clouds," an old Brother whomoved from his D .C . home to Resurrec-tion City told me . "Ain't rainedthis much in Washington in all mylife, and I been- .here some time . Tbelieve the white man is puttingsomething in them clouds to make itrain ."

PAGE 3 gLpCK POWERIt has gotten so bad that everytime

a plane flies over Resurrection City,a brother groans, "Oh hell it's gonr.arain tonight ." And it usually does .

At night, under one of the bigtents, there is entertainment . Some-times it is big Billy Stuart singing"Summertime" and wailing on his port-able organ . Sometimes it is . just alocal D,C, kid who will someday beheadlining at the Howard or the Apol-lo learning now where his fans andhis strength really are . Most of thetime, it is Resurrection Citv people,patting their feet, cJ_apping theirhands, playing whatever instrumentsthey can find, singing spirituals orpopular rhythm and blues sides .

It was late afternoon on June 19,the day of the giant "Solidarity Day"march . The crowds were beginning tothin in the summer heat, and thespeakers were all sounding the sameas they droned in the background .The sister and I walked thigh-deep inthe Reflecting PooJ., feeling strange-ly along the middle of the giantworld . Only a few children played atthe end of the pool . hundreds ofyards down the way .

The sister. looked up at the gigan-tic Washington Monument which stoodon the hill at the opposite end o .fthe Reflecting Pool . It was huge andwhite, thrusting its cone-shaped headup into the vacant blue sky in defi-ance ."You know," she said absently, "the

monument always did remind me of theKu Klux Klan . That's what it lookslike ."And it did, with the little'windnws

at the top staring out like two beadycracker eyes, watching over all theniggers in Resurrection City . At theother end bulked the massive statueof Lincoln, the "big Massah", whoscowled across the length of the poolat the Ku Klux Klan .

I suddenly remembered what Malcolmhad said . .

BRAIN POWERBOOKS

2630 San Pablo AvenueBerkeley, CaliforniaPhone: 848-9210

"Without Brain Power,Black Power is only Skin Deep.

BLACK POWER PAGH 4

~~ab~~

E`~SMOZAMBIQUfi GUERRILLAS TAKE CARE OFBUSINESS --

DAR ES SALAAM -- Mozambique freedomfighters scored resounding victorieswhen they socked it to Portuguese co-lonial troops during the latter halfof March .

On March 24, the Mozambique guerr-illas wiped out almost a company ofPortuguese troops when they destroyed

there .

ZANU MARKS SECOND ANNIVERSARY OFARMED STRUGGLE --

DAR ES SALLM - The Zimbabwemust intensify the Chimurenga (war ofnational liberation and step uptheir armed struggle until Zimbabweis free, declared the Zimbabwe Afri-can National Union (ZANU} in a state-ment issued ope month ago commemora-ting the second anniversary of "Chi-murenga Day ."On April 28, 1966, the togetha Zim-

babwe freedom fighters took up armsand engaged the troops of the Smithwhite colonial regime in a fiercebattle at Sinoia, northwest of Salis-bury, thus lighting the flames ofstruggle in Zimbabwe .

I .P . Chihota, C}~ief Representativeof ZANU in "Ea_<E Africa stated in apress conference that the guerrillasin Zimbabwe have launched many fierceand swift attacks during the pastyear, and these attacks have left theenemy confused and completely disor-ganized . .

people ;

In conclusion, Chihota pointed outthat the United States and other wes-tern imperialist countries which sup-port the Smith colonial regime wouldhave the covers pulled off them .

JOINT OOMMUNIQUE OF GOVERNMENTS OFCHINA, GUINHA, AND MALI-=

PEKING -- At the invitation of thegovernment 'of the People's, Republicof China, the joint Guinean-MalianFriendship delegation led by GuineanForeign Minister Ousman Ba and Ma-lian Foreign Minister Lansana Beavo-~ui paid a friendly vi§it to thePeople's Republic of China from May18 to 25, 1968 .The following is a partial text of

the joint communiqu~ of the govern-ment of the People's Republic ofChina, the government of the Repub-lic of Guinea, and the government ofthe kepublic of Mali, signed here onMay 25""The three governments

reiteratethat the people of their three coun-tries firmly support the Vietnamesepeople in their war against imperi-alist aggression and for nationalsalvation . US troops and other agg-ressor troops must withdraw fromsouthern Vietnam completely, and theVietnam question must by settled bythe Vietnamese people themselves ."

Swaziland ; the Somali Coast, : and :other Afriban territories still un-der colonialist rule ."

US IMPERIALISM SENDS MORN "PEACHOORPS" MHN TO HTHZOPIAPEKING -- To intensify its infiltra-tion into Africa, U5 imperialism hasrecently sent 65 more "Peace Corps"members to Ethiopia, according to areport from Addis Ababa : .

Prior

to

this, there were alreadymore than 400 "Peace Corps" membersin the country .The "Peace Corps" is an instrument

for implementing the honky's tricknn-logy around the world. If you ain'#hip to it by now, yow!.re in trouble:

INDONHSIAN PEOPLE'S ARMED FORCES INEAST JAVA LAUNCH REPHATED ATTACKS

DJAKARTA- Indonesian communists andrevolutionary people, holding aloftthe great banner of armed struggleand fighting ~in 'the rural areas ofEast Java, have launched repeated at-

tacks against the enemy in the pastmonth or more, breaking through vari-ous difficulties, according to re-ports from Djakaxat . The revolution-ary people in Central Java have alsowaged fierce struggle against the en-emy recently .

It was reported that some patrioticofficers and men of the reactionaryarmy

in

East Java staged .new uprisings in may .

They turned their gunsagainst the Suharto-Nasution fascistmilitary regime . An A.P . report re-vealed

that 400 armymen' desertedtheir ranks in . East Java in Flay .

JAPANESE STUDENTS PROTEST AGAINSTUS PLANE CRASH IN SCt~OL --

TOKYO -- A US

"phantom"

F-40fighter-bomber recently crashed, intoKyushu University in Fukuoka city,setting fire .to the electronic compu-ter building now under construction .This has aroused strong protest fromthe students of the university and o-ther people in Japan .

The US jet which took off

fromthe U .S . air base at Itazuke was on atraining flight for the U.S . . war ofaggression in Viet Nam .

It was reported that about 1,000students of the university and citi-zens of Kyushu rushed to the sceneimmediately after the accident andheld a protest rally and demonstra-tiop .against the U.S : crime . Thestudents shouted with great indigna-tion : "Yankees go home:" "dismantlethe Itazuke base :" "Oppose iT.S . ag-gression against Viet Nam:" and otherslogans .

The students also demon-strated in front of the U .S . consu-late in Fukuoka oity,~

ITALIAN NEWSPAPER WORKERS HOLD NATIONWIDE STRIKE --Peking -- A 48-hour

nationwidestrike by the workers and ei~loyeesof newspapers and

the press agencystarted in Italy recently must'as o-ther workers are continuing

their'strikes, according to a Rome report .The 48-hour strike was held to pro-test against the employer's rejection pf their demands for wage in-:creases,

improved working conditionsand guarantee for full employment .

a post at Nambude . They ca~Stured onemortar, five sub-machine guns, and

"The three parties note with sa-tisfaction that the anti-imperialist

other war materials, according to a struggles of the Arab people and thecommuniqu~ issued here several days people wof Africa are developing inago by the Mozambique guerrillas . greater breadth and depth . The

In a series of ambushes during the three governments reaffirm their re-latter half of March, the guerrillas solute support for the Arab peoplekilled mode than 30 Portuguese colo- in their struggle against imperal-nial troops, wounded even more, and ism and its tool of aggression, Is-destroyed about ten enemy lorries in rael, and their resolute support forCalio ~Delgado province . the struggle for national indepen-

On March 25, the guerrillas attac- dence of the peoples of Guinea (Bis-ed a Portuguese post at Nankunamia sau), Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe,and freed 72 Mozambicand imprisoned South Africa, South-West Africa,

CONGOLESfi (K) STUDENTS DEMONS1RATfiAGAINST BOGUE fiDUCATIONAL SYSTEM--CONGO (KINSHASA) .

Several hundred}secondary school pupils of the Congo(K) which is under the control of themisguided bxother, Joseph Mobutu,held a demonstration in the mainstreets of Kinshasa on June 13 toprotest against the backwards systemof education, according to,reportsfrom Kinshasa .

The busy action of the students hasfrightened the chumpist Mobutu re-gime . Its ministers of foreign af-fairs and education rushed to the(scene of the demonstration to takecommand of the police in their sup-pression of the student struggle Tindemonstrators were arrested .

"MORE U5 PLANES DOWNED--HANOI -- The North Vietnamese Army

and people shot down a number of USplanes recently, according to an an-nouncement here .

At noon on June 3 the army and peo-ple in Etac Thai province broughtdown one US unmanned reconaissanceplane .

The army and people in the .VinhLinh area and the off-shore Con Coisland brought down five US pirateplanes on May 31, three of which hadbeen accounted for earlier . ' In addi-tion,

the army and people in Nghe An~p;ovince shattered an intruding USplane on May 39 .A US warship was reported to have

been hit and set on fire by the shorebatteries in Ha Tinh province onMay 29 .

20,000 STUDENTS ON STRIKE IN TURKEY--PEKING -- About 20,000 students are

now on strike throughout Turkey, de-manding reforms in the education sys-tem, according to reports from Anka-ra .

The strike started 3n the AnkaraUniversity, which has B,000 students .The students of the faculties of Lawand Letters of this university occu-pied the buildings of the two facul-ties several days agO . All exits tothe buildings were blocked .

The students then announced thatthey would stay put until their de-mands for educational reform werefully satisfied . They also demandedresignation of the xeaciionary deanof the university .

NBW CABIN&T FORMED IN SUDAN--PEKING -- Ismail fil Azhari was re-

cently re-elected president of theSudanese Supreme Council of State ;and Mohammed Armed Mahgoub was re-elected Prime Minister, it was re-ported in Khartoum recently .A new Sudanese cabinet was formed

on June 2 . It includes Prime Minis-ter and Minister of Defense, Mahgoub,Deputy Prime Minister and

ForeignMinister Ali Abdel Rahman, Minister

M®mbors of the North Viotxaneoa Liberation Armyat a show oP oolidarity in Han~ri

of the~Interior Hassan Awadatla, andMinister of Finance and Economics,Sharif Hussein E1 Hindi .

ALGERIA DECIDES TO NATIONALIZE 18FOREIGN COMPANIES--The Algerian government today deci-

ded to nationalize 18 foreign indus-trial companies .These companies are in the cement,

mechanical engineering, chemical andfood industries . With the exceptionof an Anglo-Dutch company, all therest are subsidiaries of French com-panies . These companies employ nearly3,000 workers with an annual businessturnover exceeding 300 million dol-lars .The new measure follows in the wake

of the nationalization last month of40 foreign companies engaged in thedistribution of petroleum and gas andin the mechanical engineering and o-ther industries .After .the independence of Algeria

in 1962, Western capital, particular-ly French capital, still exercised afirm control over the Algerian indus-trial and commercial departments .Seeking for superprofits, these fo-reign enterprises became a big h3n-drance to the development~of ~Alger=ia's,national economy . The Algerianpress agency pointed out in a commen-tary that the nationalization measurewould reinforce

the

country, in itsfight against imperialism in the e-conomic sphere .

DHOFAR LIBERATION FONT PERSISTS INARMED STRUGGLE AGAINST IMPERIALISM--Cairo -- "Armed struggle

againstimperialism and colonialsim is theonly way for the oppressed people toachieve their national independenceand sovereignty", said

the DhofarLiberation Front's

Cairo office re-cently in a statement marking thethird anniversary of the Dhofar peo-

PAGE 5'BLACK POWER

plu s armea revomtion .Dhofar is situated in the south-

east of the Arab Penninsula and onits west is the newly independent,The People's Republic of South Yemen .

The statement reiterated that theDhofar people were determined to con-tinue their armed struggle until thecomplete elimination of imperialismand its lackeys and the liberation ofDhofar, no matter how many difficul-ties they may meet .

PREMIER CHOU EN-LAI RECEIVESMALIAN MILITARY DELEGATION--Peking -- Premier Chou En-Lai re- ;

ceived Mamadou Diakit~, Malian minis-ter delegate for defense and securityto the presidency, and all members ofthe Malian military delegation led byhim here recently, and had a cordialand friendly conversation with them .Among those present were comrades

Huang Yung-Sheng, Hsiao Ching-Kuang,and Li Tien-Yu .Moussa Coulibaly, charge d'affaires

and interim of the Malian embassy inChina, was also present .

].,200 U.S . TROOPS WIPED OUT IN TAYNINH PROVINCE, SOUTI-i VIET NAMHanoi -- The

South

Viet Nam

Peo-ple's Liberation armed forces in TayNinh province wiped out more than1,200 U .S . aggressor troops, includ-ing an entire battery, during a nightattack on the U .S . base in Trang Lacarea on May 21 according to the SouthViet Nam "Giai Phong" press agency .During

the battle, 21 enemy mili-tary cars a number of big guns, and .nine heavy machine-guns were de-stroyed ; a petrol dump and an ammuni-tion dump inside the base were burntdown and a radar station, three elec-tric generators, several barracks andmany other war material . All weredestroyed .

.~ . ~Lnb~ ~~~~~ PAGE 6

burn~n9speAr

The Culture and Niatory of BLACK Folk

CHEYE2INE (part 3 )

Early the next morning, the Cheyennesstarted North on their 1000-mile jour-ney . Of three hundred people, therewere eighty warriors .

They had only afew thin ponies and no provisions .

Onthe second day of their journey, twocompanies of cavalry caught up withthem at the Little Medicine Lodge Ri-ver .

Little Wolf ordered his warriorsto hold their fire until fired upon . Hesaid ; "I will go out and talk to them .If they shoot, I will be the first mankilled ."'From the side of the cavalry, GhostMan, an Arapaho scout shouted, " . . . . .Ifyou`will surrender and return to thereservation, they will give you rationsand treat you well ."Little Wolf answered cautiously, "Tellthem that eve do not want to fight ; thatwe will not go back .

We are leavingthis country .

I

have

no quarrel withanyone .

I hold up my right hand that Ido not wish to fight with the whites ;but we are going to our home to staythere .

Then Ghose Man went back toward thetroops and Little Wolf followed forparley . A soldier shot at him, and thefight was on . Cheyennes drove the cav-airy away from their camp . The nextmorning, the cavalry was beaten off a-gain . At noon, the soldiers quit fight-ing in obedience to a bugle call .

The next morning, the Cheyennes againstarted on their way . On the Arkansas,the Cheyennes met a party of hide hunt-ers and captured them . They took theguns and eighteen buffalo and let themen go . Then the Cheyennes feasted forthe first time since they had comesouth . liven Dull Knife became somewhatcheerful .

The next day, the men hunted and thewomen made breastworks on the love hillsin back of the camp . The Cheyennes sentscouts back who returned after theyfound soldiers following their trail ontheir second day in c.amp . :The_,Cheyennewent behind the breastworks and vuaited .Soldiers advanced and fired, and the

I I

Cheyennes fired back at Little rlolf'sorder--no sooner . The soldiers retreat-ed, and that night the Cheyennes leftthat camp and headed further no?:th .

In the meantime, the telegraphwires were buzzing with the messagesWATCH OUT FOF2 1HE CHEYENNES' . Fivegreat forces, a total of 13 thousandsoldiers opposed the Cheyenne fight .Yet even with this message out all o-ver the country, the Cheyennes man-aged to sneak right through some .troops .

Near Oglala, on the SouthPlatte, they forded the stream . insmall grou»s at a point midway be-tween two cavalry camps . They wrappedtheir ponies' hooves in .trips ofblankets to muffle the sound and

SITTING BULL - HUNKPAPA

at the Red Cloud Agency to find it a-bandoned . Confused by thiG turn o .fevents, the group continued to FortRibinson and surrendered there . Fortwo months, they staved there happiiyuntil Captain Wessels, the CommandingOfficer, got this order : SE1QD '1I-IECHEYENNES BACK TD DARLINGTON.

When Dull Knife was told of thisorder from Washington, he answered :"VJe will net go back there to live .This is not a healthful country ; if :we should stay there we would : aildie . We do not wish to go backthere, and we will not go ."

For a week, Ca,"Wain,Wessels ham-mered at . the Chief, . trying to makehim change his mind . Finally, Wes-sels lost patience with the "stubbornold fool" and ordered all the Indiansinto a freezing barracks with neitherfood nor water . 7he- thermometerstood at 40 below zero . At the endof five days and nights the Cheyennebroke out of their prison and rushedforth into the night .

The cavalry persued, firing at theIndians as enemies of war . A .few es-caped only to be found themselvescompletely surrounded, they fired u-pon the cavalry with their last threeshots, eac}r hitting its target . Thenthe cavalry advanced oral the Indiansrushed toward them with huntingknives and anything that could beused as weapons .

Before the Chey-ennes advanced many paces ; the sol-diers fixed, and it was all over .

Nine prisoners were taken--one manand eight women, five of whom werewounded .

In his report, the commanding officer wrote ,

"The Cheyennesfought with extraordinary courage andfirmness and refused all terms butdeath ."

The prophecy of the Four Sacred~4edicine Arrows came to pass, just asit had been told in the, ancienttimes .

endpassed within 100 yards of the pick-ets . Once across the stream and awayfrom the cavalry camp, they reunited .At White Clay Creek, the trail

forked for the Cheyennes . Dull Knifeand 150 Cheyennes headed toward theRe3 Cloud Agency to surrender . Therest continued north .

Little Wolfdid not ~.vant the party to divide,' butdivide it did; and Little Wolf set uphis camp that winter in the Sand ItiOTJSfi OF UMOJAHills .Little Wolf's camp was not discov- P "O " BOX 15187

eyed all winter . Those who were sent ~S~,,rj FRANCISCO,to find him gave up . But as LittleWo1F pushed on, Clark, who had been .sent out by General Miles . t o find SUCCfiSS BOOK STORBhim, accidentally rap into them . 146 LEAVSNWORTHdark --persuaded wolf to -go to:Fort~SAN FRANCISCO CALIF"Keogh . General Miles who was in

fcharge of the place made peace withthe Cheyennes . He suggested that thewarriors enlist in his army to helphim roand up the Sioux. Some of theCheyennes welcomed the chance . LittleWolf veilded and did as the

ma-jority did--enlisted . .Mea rnvhile,

Dull

Knife had arrived

u-N~TY rosTSRS~from the

HOUSfi OF UMOJA

available from;

$1 .00 apiece

CALTF" 94115

TURN(7VfiR BOOKS

%I(across the street from

VMerritt College in 0akland)~~i

BLACK MAN(To "Soul Man" by Sam and Dave)

Want some powerIn the ghettoAnd when I get itAin't gonna let go

I'm bad and boldAin't 'fraid of nothingSo don't worryCause I'm coming

I'm a Black ManI'm a Black ManI'm a Black ManI'm a Black Man

I got my courageThe hard wayAnd I'm getting bolderEach and every day

So watch me nowAnd I'll make a betThat you ain't seenNothing yet

I'm a Black ManI'm a Black ManI'm a Black ManI'm a Black Man

I was brought upOn a side streetI learned how to fightBefore I could eat

When I hit the BeastJust watch him dropWhen I fight WhiteyOh I can't stop

I'm a Black ManI'm a Black ManI'm a Black ManI'm a Black Man

Grap a ropeAnd I'll set you freeAll I wantIs liberty

I'm a Black man

FADING AWAY(To the tune by the Temptations)

The Soul of our Slackness, BmWhen we were in AfricaIs lost in America

It's fading awayFading awayFading away

And the peace that we used to seeWhen we lived in harmonyTs gone with our liberty

It's fading awayFading awayFading away

We're slaves and it's showing, babyWe're slaves and it's showing, tell meWhere is our Soul going?

Like the time when we ruled the earthAnd we thought we'd proved our worthWas ruined by the white man's birth

It's fading awayFading awayFading away

And the strength of our father's armsThe grace of our mother's charmsWas killed on the southern farms

It's fading awayFading awayFading away

We're slaves and it's showing babyWe're slaves and it's showing, tell meWhere is our Soul going?

Like war in old AfricaLike peace in AmericaThe Soul of our Blackness, Gro

Is fading awayFading awayFading away

y

PAGB ~:BLACK POWER

WES MONTGOMERY

F~2 FiLACK GUERRILLAS������������weusiThe first SOULBOOK work of an up and coming youngBlack writer, potentially one of the best of thegeneration, The 19 year old Brother gives a to-the-point review of Regis Debrayts Revolution Inthe Revolution?, with particular emphasis on itsapplication to Black America,

THE PROPAGANDA DETACI~tENT OF THfi VIETNAMESE LIBERATION ARMY�� �� , .,Vo Nguyen Giap

Translated from the French by the SOULBOOK Foreign Language Depart-ment, this story of the beginning days of the Democratic Republicof Vietnam is written by the military and political genius whomasterminded the devastating Tet offensive last January,

ON CENTRALIZATION, .�� � � � , �� � �� � � � � � � � �Rolland SpellingsBrings out the necessity for the creation of a Black United Front suchas has been formed in Washington,D,C � the San Francisco Bay Area, andLos Angeles, by a Brother who worked in Atlanta with the founder of thfirst two, Brother Stokely Carmichael,

REJECT NOTES� � � ,

, . � � � � � ��

�� � � � , � � � Black PoetsAnother boss selection of poetry from " the SOULBOOK " Poetry Department,Included is poetry by Ho Chi Minh, Carol Freemen (perhaps the best poetof the Black South), and Ernie Mkalimoto (Allen), National Co-Chairmanof the HOUSE OF UMOJA,

A PRISON DIARY . . . . . . ., . . . . � . . . . � � � � . �� � � � �� � � Phan NhuanAnother first for the SOULBOOK Foreign Language Department, An inti-mate story of the early life of one of the greatest revolutionariesthe world has ever known, President Ho Chi Minh of the DemocraticRepublic of Vietnamo

FANONIAN IDEOLOGY AND THfi PEASANTRY� . ., ., ., ., . � ��� ,Abdelbaki HermassiTranslated by SOULBOOK, this is a short review of the revolutionary theo-ries of Brother Frantz Fanon, the great Black writer, revolutionary, andpsychiatrist,

OTHER VERSIONS� , ., . . � , . . �� . . ., . ., . � . . . � . � , . ., . � ,Ama Ata AidooOne of the short stories of the year, this work by a young Sister fromGhana reflects the dynamic young viewpoints of the SOULBOOFC staff,Fresh and BLACK.

CUBA : THE UNTOLD STORX (PART 1), ., . . ., � , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,Carlos MooreMust, must , MUST be read before you pick up anything about Guevara, CCastro, or the Cuban Revolution, Written by an Afro-Cuban, Part 1 dealswith the background of the Cuban situation, the Black revolutionaries,and the racism inherent in Cuba from the days when she was a slave portto the United States,

get yo copy from:

SOULBOOK

Bobb HamiltonP,O, Box 1097

473 W, 152nd Street

Donald FreemanBerkeley, Cal if,

New York, New York

New School of Afro-94701

American ThoughtLe Graham

2115 14th Street N,W,SUCCESS BOOKS

3245 W, Chicago Blvd.

Washington, D,C,146 Leavenworth

Apt 401

20009San Francisco, Calif,

Detroit, Michigan94120

48206

SOULBOOK is a HOUSE OF UMOJA publication

criticism dixected towards members of theB1ac~common front is absolutely essential ifthe

TTY is to lead ~o a positive end (thelibexation-bf Mack people) .

UMOJA without ameant to haxness the evil spirits of disunity,'vehich constantly attempt to disrupt the foxcesof 81aok harmony, is an UMOJA planted u upon,'shaky earth,.With this in mind, Brothers and Sister , it

must be said that the xecent remark that_'"e~very Negro is a potential traitor" cumin"g ; to ;us'from certain quarters is a very dangezousconcept . it runs counter to the fact that itis the masses of peopJ.e (not "leaders", whotake ideas from the masses only to,give themback in sys"tematized form) who bring int©',ex-i tence the forces of change uppn the face ofthe earth :` lt_~.s dangerous because it pullsits insp~:ration NOT from Black people, :'ki+utfrom the'oppressor,,who has been jamming'sim- . ;ilar ideas df. distrust

in~a

the

corners,, .of ~'our` brains for over three hundred ,years .

Whodoes thes idea benefit??

If 'pushed

to

ts-logical conclusion, this concept would poisonany and every basis fox `the foxmatio'n gf.UMO-JA among $lack people throughout the U.S . ;and the reflections of its evil 'vibrationswould cast their spell upon all the oppressed;of the planet,. Only

,the oppressor ~youLd-ben=' .

efit:Realiz ng that MAN is bound by the concrete,objective realities of the UNNETt5B, it is

o

p.o. box 15187san francisco

PAGE 9 ~IA~I~ Pa'W~k

Ndarnase anal Nlkal motoCo-Chairmen, ,IiOUS~i, of UMOJA

a].so' true that if the i.dsaaas which he exp~xess-es fall shoat of these bo~xn.c]aries, the unnat-ural barrier®

of , tae

m3;nd which he him$el~has set up will at bef~ hinde~x his gxoW~h, aincat worst,

threatcan ~i~ survival :",, If we serato believe that "evezy Nagra is a potentialtrtr~tor," , an idea which mini find snppo~t . itcertain isolated circumstances, but wk~ich itgeheral is certainly untxue, we wou7 ;d neverbe'able.to move beyond this synthetic ba~x e~which we

our elves

have

cotastruGted out ~a~our own

colonial

mentalities .

We woul d re "main slaves not only to this idea,' but to thepowers which oppress us . . .

Brothers and Sisters : Let us~ move to sta:n~out the' mental swamps

imp~.inted by slaver3and ueo-slavery

upon the good Bl,a.ck moil' oygood Shack minds. Criticism mint beg q fires"iwith self-cr _ticism,.

and

it must he carnetout in a, way which brings about .UMOJA of sel~and kind.

`The HOUSS o~ UMOJA ex~.sts for _thepur.pase of bringing about the UNIT'S and LIB"SRATION

of all Mack people .

All of - us wil]overcome

our

hangups, and Black people wil]win : :

That's how . bad we are: :

fihe, Journal of Black Po®t

Y3 PUBLISHED F08 ALL BLACK P$O~LEEYEHYWH:

BLACK

BLACK

POETRYESSAYS

ARTNEWS

PHUTOGRI~PFIY

X1 .00 per oopy . . . . . .~3 ..80 pmr

isoa M

ay Ave. ~~$AN t~'RANCIQ~I~,,C~A,,9~117

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