allowable stress as per aisc 9th edition

8/27/12 Allowable Stress

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Allowable Stress

X: Strong axis

Y: Weak axis

Z: Primary axis

Variable Description

a Rotation angle for principal axes of angle section

A Cross-sectional area

Af Area of compression flange.

As Shear area for tubular member - pipe

Asx X shear area of prismatic member

Asy Y shear area of prismatic member

b Width of member (b d)

b0Distance from neutral axis to edge of web:

be Effective width of structural tubing member

bf Width of flange.

Cb Bending coefficient dependent upon moment gradient (section F).

Cc Column slenderness ratio separating elastic and inelastic buckling (section E).

Cmx, Cmx Coefficient applied to bending term in interaction equation (section H).

d Depth of member (d b)

E Modulus of elasticity

E0Distance of the shear center from center line of web for channel:

E0 = e0 + tw /2

Fa Maximum allowable compressive stress

Fb Maximum allowable bending stress

Fbx Maximum allowable strong axis bending stress

Fby Maximum allowable weak axis bending stress

Fex, Fey Euler stress for a prismatic member divided by factor of safety.

Ft Maximum allowable tensile stress

Fy Yield stress

Fn Maximum allowable shear stress

fa Computed axial stress (either tension or compression, both taken as positive)

fb Computed bending stress (taken as a positive quantity)

fbx Computed strong axis bending stress

fby Computed weak axis bending stress



fnx Computed shear stress in X direction

fny Computed shear stress in Y direction

hClear distance between flanges in I-shaped members:

h = d 2tf

Ix, Iy Moments of inertia about principal axes

Iu, Iv Moments of inertia about principal axes of angle section member

K Effective length factor for prismatic member

LDistance between cross sections braced against twist or lateral displacement of the compressionflange.

Lb Laterally unsupported length of the compression flange.

Lc Maximum unbraced length of the compression flange.

Lx Ly L in X and Y directions

M1, M2 Smaller and larger moment at end of unbraced length, respectively.

P Axial force load

r Governing radius of gyration

rTRadius of gyration of a section comprising the compression flange plus 1/3 of the compression webarea, taken about an axis in the plane of the web

rx, ry Radius of gyration about principal axes.

t Thickness

tf Thickness of flange

U, V Principal axes of angle section member

u, v Distances from principal axes

x, y Offsets of centroid of angle section

Allowable Stresses:

X is the strong axis, and Y is the weak axis for all I-shaped and members and channels. Tees can have either axis astheir strong axis.

1. Strong Axis Bending Stress

Members loaded along their weak axis, Y (bent about their strong axis, X).

This maximum allowable strong axis bending stress is referred to as Fb in this section.

Two categories are considered:

I. I-shaped members, tees and channels

II. Pipes and structural tubing, including square and rectangular ducts and pipes

1.A. Members with compact sections:

Category I. I-shaped members, tees and channels Section F1.1

Includes tees with compact flanges.

Tees loaded along then X-axis are not considered, in this code check.

Applicable to all I-shaped and members and channels, and tees with Ixx > Iyy. Tees with Ixx Iyy are

not considered in code check.



The allowable bending stress is

Fb = 0.66 Fy (F1-1)

with the constraint that Lb Lc, which is given by the smaller of:

(F1-2)

Category II. Pipes and structural tubing Section F3.1

The allowable bending stress is

Fb = 0.66 Fy (F3-1)

subject to the following conditions:

Rectangular members cannot have a depth greater than 6 times the width.

Lb Lc, where Lc is given by

(F3-2)

except, that Lc need not be less than 1200 (b/Fy), M1 is the smaller and M2 is the largest bending moments

about the ends of the unbraced length, taken about the strong axis.

1.B. Members with noncompact sections:

Must satisfy constraint, Lb Lc (F1-2) or (F3-2), including that rectangular members cannot have a

depth greater than 6 times the width.

Includes tees with noncompact flanges.

Tees loaded along the X-axis are not considered.

Category I. I-shaped members, tees and channels Section F1.2

(F1-3)

Category II. Pipes and structural tubing Section F3.2

Fb = 0.60 Fy (F3-3)

1.C. Members with compact or noncompact sections with Lb > Lc:

The section is only applicable to Category I. I-shaped members, tees and channels.

If member is in tension,



Fb = 0.60 Fy (F1-5)

If member is in compression, the allowable bending stress is determined as the larger value from equations(F1-6) or (F1-7) and (F1-8), with the exceptions:

Only equation (F1-8) is used for channels.

None of these equations apply to tees in compression, thus such tees are not considered.

When ,

(F1-6)

When

(F1-7)

For any value of L/rT:

(F1-8)

Cb is conservatively taken as unity (1.0) in equations (F1-6), (F1-7) and (F1-8).

2. Weak Axis Bending Stress

The section is only applicable to Category I. I-shaped members, tees, channels and solid bars (prismaticmembers).

Category II. Structural tubing in this category use same value of Fb found for their strong axis for their weak

axis.

A. Members loaded along their strong axis, X (bent about their weak axis,Y).

This weak allowable strong axis bending stress is referred to as Fby, yet in this section it is labeled

as Fb.

B. Applicable to all I-shaped members; all others are not considered.

2.A. Members with compact sections: Section F2.1



Fb = 0.75 Fy (F2-1)

2.B. Members with noncompact sections: Section F2.2

(F2-3)

3. Tensile Stress

Ft = 0.60 Fy Section D1

4. Compressive Stress

Section E2

(E2-1)

where KL/r is the largest of KLx/rx and KLy/ry, which are equal for pipes and squares,

and

.

(E2-2)

5. Combined Stress

Chapter H



5.A. Axial compression and bending:

The following requirements must be satisfied for members experiencing both axial compression and bending:

(H1-1)

(H1-2)

When fa/Fa 0.15, Equation (H1-3) is used in lieu of Equations (H1-1) and (H1-2).

(H1-3)

The coefficients, also known as the Euler stress divided by safety factor, Fex and Fey are given by the

following:

The coefficients Cmx and Cmy have a default value of 0.85.

5.B. Axial tension and bending:

The following requirements must be satisfied for members experiencing both axial tension and bending:

(H2-1)

allowable stress as per aisc 9th edition

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