alliance des imams du corridor nord pour le deve … · alliance des imams du corridor nord pour le...

1

Municipalité de Bujumbura, Nyakabiga I, 11 eme Av, No 7, 2 eme étage, Email:[email protected], téléphone mob: +257 75717 402 ou +257 69583367 Page Facebook :www.facebook.com/Aicndh , site web: www.aicndh.wordpress.com, Twitter : @aicndh1,B.P :6039

Bujumbura, NIF :4001061151, téléphone fixe : +257 22280256

ALLIANCE DES IMAMS DU CORRIDOR NORD POUR LE DEVE LOPPEMENT

HUMANITAIRE, AICNDH

Elaborated by:

AICNDH ASB Bujumbura, November, 2018

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION RESULTS OF MUSLIM BOYS AND

GIRLS SCHOOLING RATE

mailto:[email protected]://www.facebook.com/Aicndhhttp://www.aicndh.wordpress.com/

2



Table des matières

I. PRESENTATION OF THE PROBLEM AND FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESES ............ 3

II. METHODOLOGY OF THE SURVEY .............................................................................................. 4

III. DATA ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................ 6

a) Distribution of children by surveyed area, by age of basic schooling and by sex ............... 6

b) Repartition of children by zone of inquiry and by school dropouts rate ............................. 7

c) Repartition of dropouts by zone and by sex ........................................................................... 8

d) Repartition of dropouts by zone and by level of study ........................................................ 10

e) Repartition of female dropouts by zone and by level of study ............................................ 11

f) Repartition of male dropouts by zone and by level of study ............................................... 12

g) Main common reasons for Muslim girls and boys to drop out of school ........................... 13

h) The main reasons for Muslim girls to drop out of school ......................................................... 14

i) The main reasons for Muslim boys to drop out of school ................................................... 15

j) Knowing the consequences of school dropouts..................................................................... 16

k) General consequences for muslim girls and boys dropouts ................................................ 17

IV. RESULTS INTERPRETATION ............................................................................................... 18

1. Discussion of the results.............................................................................................................. 18

2. Criticism of the investigation ..................................................................................................... 18

3. Scope of results ............................................................................................................................ 18

4. Conclusion and recommendation .............................................................................................. 18

V. ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................................... 20

1. QUESTIONNAIRE OF COMPARATIVE EVALUATION RESULTS OF MUSLIM BOYS

AND GIRLS SHOOLING RATE...................................................................................................... 20

2. Acknowledgment to implementing partners ............................................................................ 25


3



I. PRESENTATION OF THE PROBLEM AND FORMULATION OF

HYPOTHESES

Burundi, located in the heart of Africa, is a small country of Central Africa more precisely in

the African Great Lakes Region with an area of 27384 km². The neighboring countries are,

Rwanda in the North, Tanzania in South-East and Democratic Republic of Congo in the West.

The capital city of Bujumbura in the west of the country.

Currently, the Burundian population is about 11 million, 95% of whom live in the countryside.

The majority of the population of Burundi is made up of young people who are 60% of the

population today.

At the level of the administration, Burundi is subdivided into eighteen provinces namely:

Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza,

Kirundo, Makamba, Muyinga, Muramvya, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rumonge, Ruyigi, Rutana ,. Each

Province is subdivided into communes which, in turn, are subdivided into zones. These include

the Hills which are subdivided into other basic administrative units called Ubucimbiri '' subhills

''.

Its economy is based mainly on agriculture whose main export products are coffee and tea.

Burundi is a member of the East African Community, the official languages are French,

Kirundi, English and Swahili.

From a religious point of view, the government of Burundi recognizes many religions registered

in the Ministry of the Interior and Patriotic Formation and governed by the same law as civil

society organizations, these religions can be grouped into two categories namely: Christian

churches and Islam. Differences related to belief have a great influence on everyday practices

that can contribute to the building of one's life. This concept of belief associated with culture

has long been instrumental in promoting gender inequality for men in general.

At the level of Islam it is the worst from the point of view of education because the schooling of

the Muslim girl is still at a very low rate despite extra efforts made by different Organisation in

recent years to promote the schooling of the Muslim girl.

At the global level, in Africa and even in Burundi, the confusion, distortion and uncertainty

concerning the status of Muslim women are numerous and widespread. They are most often the

result of ignorance, traditions or a misunderstanding or interpretation of the Islamic texts thus

hindering the schooling of the Muslim girl.

Instead Islam has honored the woman and granted her many rights, including the right to

education.

"Abou Bourda reports from his father that the Prophet said:" Every man who, having a slave

girl, instructs her and gives her a good education, educates her and gives her a good education,

then give her freedom and marry her, will have a double reward ... "(Reported by al Bukhari).

What is recommended for a slave is even more than his own daughter.


4



In this hadeeth, the distinction is made between educating and instructing as well as the

difference between educating and giving a good education and instructing and giving a good

instruction. It is not therefore an education or an instruction of any kind but of quality that is the

best one. "

The Prophet also showed the importance of women's education by dedicating a day of the week

for their instruction.

"Read, in the name of your Lord who created, who created the man of a grip. Really Your Lord

is the Most Noble, who taught man what he did not know. "

Surah 96, Al 'Alaq (Adherence), verses 1 to 5

In addition, Burundi has embarked on the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs), the second objective of which is to ensure primary education for all, hence free basic

education in our country. .

Despite this, our hypothesis is that the schooling of the Muslim girl remains at a critical rate

from where AICNDH conducted an inquiry to the Islamic communities of Bujumbura capital

city and other provinces such as MUYINGA and RUMONGE. This presents report that

concerns with the presentation and publication of the results of this inquiry whose objectives

were:

1. To know the number of children of basic school age who study in the Islamic

communities surveyed;

2. to specify the drop-out rate of Muslim girls and boys in the Islamic communities

surveyed;

3. To know the reasons why Muslim girls and boys drop out their studies in these

communities;

4. Estimate the number of school reintegrations of Muslim girls and boys;

5. Reassure if the Islamic community knows the consequences of school dropping out.

II. METHODOLOGY OF THE SURVEY

The methodology adopted by AICNDH was that of the elaboration and use of a questionnaire

which is one of the three main methods for studying psycho sociological facts.

It is a method of gathering information in order to understand and explain the facts. The other

two most commonly used methods are maintenance and observation. If the interview and

observation are individual and collective methods, the questionnaire is a method that is only

collective. It is a quantitative method that applies to a set (sample) that must allow statistical

inferences.

It is the number of elements in the set that ensures the validity of the questionnaire and allows

the information obtained to be deemed reliable. On the other hand, in an observation or

interview, quality is the criterion of relevance.


5



Thus, this methodology allowed AICNDH to lead and conduct an inquiry in the Islamic

communities of three provinces that is Bujumbura capital city, Muyinga (especially in Muyinga

Commune and Butihinda) and Rumonge.

AICNDH questionnaire contained open and closed questions.

Strategic objectives of the inquiry

The purpose of this inquiry was to:

1) To know the number of children of basic school age who study in the Islamic

communities surveyed;

2) To specify the school drop-out rate of Muslim girls and boys in the Islamic families

surveyed;

3) To know the reasons that push Muslim girls and boys to drop out their studies in these

families;

4) Estimate the number of school reintegration of Muslim girls and boys;

5) To be reassured if the Islamic community knows the consequences of school dropouts.

Process of the inquiry

The inquiry was conducted in the Islamic communities of Bujumbura Capital city, Muyinga(

especially in Muyinga Commune and Butihinda )and Rumonge center. Before beginning the

inquiry, the investigator had to first submit a letter of request for authorization to the governor

of the province concerned or the Mayor of the city, who in turn had to respond with written

correspondence. No negative response was observed.

The interviewer was always accompanied by the district or hill chief to facilitate his

introduction to the respondents.

A total of twelve investigators and three supervisors were deployed in the Islamic communities

cited above to conduct this inquiry. To facilitate the work, the investigators had to bring at least

30 questionnaires and informed consent prepared in advance by AICNDH. The content of this

letter was: "greeting, presentation and purpose of the inquiry: to know the number of children

reached basic school age, to know the number of school drop-outs in order to reintegrate them

if possible but also to integrate those who have not started studying yet. "

As part of our investigation, 300 questionnaires were completed. All the investigators reported

that the respondents always responded freely and did not cause any obstacle to the conduct of

the survey. No accidents were observed during the two days (from 16 to 17 November 2018)

that the investigation lasted.

The inquiry was conducted in a good socio-political mood.


6



III. DATA ANALYSIS

Within the three hundred families surveyed, 2,136 are children, among them 1213 (56.7%)

girls and 923 that is (53.3%) boys were identified as having a basic school age (6 to 15 years).

Among them 2130 that is (99.7%) have already attended school of which 627 (29.4%) dropped

out, and no reintegration.

Note that 6 or 0.3% have never attended school.

Below is the distribution of results:

a) Distribution of children by surveyed area, by age of basic schooling and by sex

Zone of inquiry Number of children Number of girls Number of

boys

Buyenzi ( Bujumbura

capital city )

702 398 304

Rumonge 693 381 312

Muyinga 741 434 307

The number of girls of basic school age is much higher than the number of boys in all three

provinces.


7



Graphic :

Figure 1 : Repartition of children by zone of inquiry by basic school age and sex

b) Repartition of children by zone of inquiry and by school dropouts rate

Zone of inquiry Number of children at

school

pupils Dropouts

Number % Number %

Buyenzi (Bujumbura

Capital city)

702 424 60,3 281 39,7

Rumonge 693 549 79,2 144 20,8

Muyinga 735 533 72,5 202 27,5

Total 2130 1503 70,5 627 29,5

The dropout rate is generally very high in the Islamic community.

702

693

741

398

384

434

304

312

307

Bujumbura Capital city

Rumonge

Muyinga

Number of boys Number of girls Number of children


8



Graphic :

Figure 2 Repartition of children by zone of inquiry and by school dropouts’ rate

c) Repartition of dropouts by zone and by sex

Zone of inquiry Number of dropouts girls boys

number % Number %

Buyenzi (Bujumbura

capital city)

281 202 71,8 79 28,2

Rumonge 144 97 67,3 47 32,7

Muyinga 202 138 68,3 64 31,7

Total 627 437 69,6 190 30,4

The number of girls school dropouts is extremely higher than that of boys.

702 693 739

2130

424549 533

1503

281144

202

627

Mairie de Bujumbura Rumonge Muyinga Total

Number of children who frequented the school pupils dropouts


9



Graphic :

Figure 3 : Repartition of dropouts by zone and by sex

Bujumbura capital city Rumonge Muyinga Total

281

144

202

627

202

97

138

437

79

4764

190

Number of dropouts Number of girls Number of boys number of children


10



d) Repartition of dropouts by zone and by level of study

Zone of inquiry Number of

dropouts

From 1st grade to 6th grade

of basic school

From 7th grade to grade

9th of basic school

Number % Number %

Buyenzi (Bujumbura

capital city)

281 23 8,1 268 91,9

Rumonge 144 12 8,3 132 91,7

Muyinga 202 17 8,4 185 91,6

Total 627 52 8,2 575 91,8

Generally learners begin to drop out their school from 7th grade of Basic school

Graphic :

Figure 4 : Repartition of dropouts by zone and by level of study

Bujumura capital city Rumonge Muyinga Total

281

144

202

627

23 12 17

52

268

132

185

575

Number of dropouts

number of dropouts from 1st grade up to 6th grade of basic school

number of dropouts from grade 7 upto grade 9 of basic school


11



e) Repartition of female dropouts by zone and by level of study


female

dropouts

From grade 1 up to grade 6

basic school

From grade 7 up to grade

9 basic school

number % number %

Buyenzi (Mairie de

Bujumbura)

202 20 9,9 182 90,1

Rumonge 97 5 5,2 92 94,8

Muyinga 138 8 5,8 130 94,2

Total 437 33 7,5 404 92,5

Generally female dropouts are observed from grade 7 basic school

Graphic:

Figure 5 : Repartition of female dropouts by zone and by level of study

Bujumbura capital city

Rumonge

Muyinga

Total

202

97

138

437

20

5

8

33

182

92

130

404

From grade 7 up to grade 9 From grade 1 up to grade 6 Number of female dropouts


12



f) Repartition of male dropouts by zone and by level of study


male dropouts

From grade 1 up to grade 6

basic school

From grade 7 up to grade

9 basic school

Number % Number %

Buyenzi (Bujumbura

capital city)

79 3 3,8 76 96,2

Rumonge 47 7 14,9 40 85,1

Muyinga 64 9 14,1 55 85,9

Total 190 19 10 171 90

In general, boys also drop out of the fourth cycle of the basic school, that is, from the seventh to

the ninth grade.

Graphic :

Figure 6 : Repartition of males by zone and by dropping out level

Bujumbura capitalcity

Rumonge Muyinga Total

79

47

64

190

3 7 919

76

4055

171

Number of male dropouts From grade 1 up to grade 6 From grade 7 up to grade 9


13



g) Main common reasons for Muslim girls and boys to drop out of school

Reasons Number of dropouts %

Fishing 37 6,8

Early marriage 400 73,7

commerce 51 9,3

Wrong interpretation of coranic texts 49 9

Others 7 1,2

Total 544 100

The main factor of school dropping out is early marriage (73,7%).

Figure7 The main common reasons for Muslim girls and boys to drop out of school

Fishing 7%

Early marriage74%

commerce9%

Wrong interpretation of

coranic texts9%

Others1%


14



h) The main reasons for Muslim girls to drop out of school

Reasons Number of female

dropouts

%

Early mariage 400 91,5

commerce 10 2,3

Ignorance 20 4,5

others 7 1,7

Total 437 100

The main reasons for Muslim girls to drop out of school is early marriage (91,5%).

Graphic :

Figure 7 The main reasons for Muslim girls to drop out of school

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Early mariage

commerce

Ignorance

others

400

20

10

7


15



i) The main reasons for Muslim boys to drop out of school

Reasons Number of dropouts %

crafting 70 44

commerce 18 11

Minal deposit 40 25

fishing 30 19

Others 2 1

Total 160 100

The main reasons for Muslim boys to drop out of school is crafting (44%).

Figure 9 The main reason for Muslim boys to drop out of school

crafting44%

commerce19%

Minal deposit25%

fishing11%

Others1%


16



j) Knowing the consequences of school dropouts

Number of responses %

yes 226 74

no 74 26

total 300 100

Within 300 of respondents, only three fourth know the consequences of school dropouts

Figure 10 knowing the consequences of school dropouts

Within 300 of respondents, only three fourth know the consequences of school dropouts

226

74

0

50

100

150

200

250

yes no

graphic

graphic


17



k) General consequences for muslim girls and boys dropouts

consequences Number of cases %

violence 5 1,7

Delinqency 12 4

Banditry 80 26,7

Taking drugs 55 18,3

drunkardness 5 1,7

Early marriage 140 46,6

others 3 1

Total 300 100

Within 300 families surveyed, the results have shown that the early marriage is a big

consequence of school dropping out at 46, 6%

Graphic

Figure 5 General consequences of dropping out of school for Muslim girls and boys

Within 300 respondents, early marriage is a serious consequence of school dropping out.

5 12

80

55

5

140

3


18



IV. RESULTS INTERPRETATION

1. Discussion of the results

After analyzing the data, it was found that in the three hundred households surveyed, 2,136

children, of which 1213 (56.7%) girls and 923 (53.3%) boys, were identified as having a basic

school age (from 6 to 15 years). Among them 2130 (99.7%) have already attended school of

which 627 (29.4%) abound, no reintegration. Note that 6 or 0.3% have never attended school.

In the Islamic communities surveyed, the number of girls of basic school age is much higher

than the number of boys in all three surveyed areas. The dropout rate is generally very high in

the Islamic community. The number of girls dropping out far exceeds that of boys. In general,

all drop-out girls and boys are observed from the fourth cycle of the basic school that is to say

from seventh to ninth grade. The main factor in early school leaving is early marriage, which is

the main reason why Muslim girls leave school. Notwithstanding the factors differ from one

zone to another according to the economic activity which is practiced there, it is about the craft

in the zone of Buyenzi, the fishing in the municipality of the province of Rumonge and the

deposit mining in Butihinda commune of Muyinga province, as well as the misinterpretation of

Islamic texts, which has been noted as a common factor in all surveyed areas.

In the 300 households surveyed, only three quarters are aware of the consequences of dropping

out of school while early marriage has been cited as a serious consequence.

2. Criticism of the investigation

Although the survey was well conducted without incident, household surveys are few in

number if one refers to the size of the Islamic community, so this prevents generalizing the

results for the entire Islamic community. If the means would allow a survey of national scope

proves essential to reassure the situation, the reasons and the consequences of school dropout

throughout the Islamic community of Burundi to intervene if necessary.

3. Scope of results

Even if there is no comparative study or interdenominational research that the AICNDH has

conducted or is at its disposal, it is quite obvious that the dropout rate is much more pronounced

in the Islamic community of Burundi than in other religious denominations.

The results will enable the AICNDH, the religious leaders of the Islamic community of

Burundi, the Government of Burundi, non-governmental organizations, civil society and any

person animated in good faith to intervene each in his / her own interest. to reduce or even

eradicate the drop-out rate of Muslim girls and boys.

4. Conclusion and recommendation

The survey showed that 29.5% of Muslim boys and girls fail to finish basic school. Of those

who give up 69.6% are Muslim girls. So our hypothesis is confirmed: "the rate of schooling of

the Muslim girl remains low despite the efforts of the government to ensure basic free for all.

The main reasons for Muslim girls to drop out of school are: early marriage, which is normally

allowed in Islam, as well as ignorance of the importance of schooling.


19



Recommendation:

a. AICNDH would like to call on Muslim girls to change their behavior so that

they can complete their studies instead of innocently using early marriage;

b. AICNDH would like to challenge Muslim parents to change their minds and let

their daughters complete their studies instead of pushing them to use early

marriage which is normally dangerous for the health of the bride;

c. For Muslim religious leaders AICNDH urges them to stimulate their faithful to

promote the schooling of the Muslim girl as a cure for early marriage;

d. To civil society organizations and the government, the AICNDH calls on them

to multiply sensitization workshops on the importance of the schooling of the

girl in general, and of the Muslim girl in particular.


20



V. ANNEXES

1. QUESTIONNAIRE OF COMPARATIVE EVALUATION RESULTS OF

MUSLIM BOYS AND GIRLS SHOOLING RATE

Name and surname of investigator: ……………………..………………….

Date of interview: ……………………………………………………………...

Place of interview: Commune…………………….

Province………………………………………………………..

BASIC QUESTIONS

What is your name? :……………….. …………………………………………..

How old are you: ………………………………………...…………………….

What is your quality in the family? : Head of the family Mother one

of the children

Adopted child

Sex: female male

Quarter/zone: ……………………………………………………………………..

Commune: …………………………………………………….……………………

Province: ……………………………………………….………………………..

QUESTIONS

Indicator1: Number of children at basic school age who study

Initial situation: Lack of data on the number of children attained basic school age who went to

school

Target: Knowing the approximative number of children reached the basic school age who went

to school

Question1: How many children are you in your family? …………………

Question2: complete the chart below:

Sex Age Level of study 1 other occupation2

1 Including those who dropped out 2 Concerns with children who have never been at school


21



1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Indicator2: School dropout rate of Muslim girls and boys

Initial situation: Lack of data on school dropouts rates for girls and boys

Target: Knowing dropouts rate of girls and boys and reduce to 0.

Question1: How many dropouts have you registered in your family?

Sex Age Age when droppig out Studies level

1

2

3

4

5


22



Indicator3: Knowledge of the reasons why Muslim girls and boys leave school

Baseline: Lack of data on the main reasons why girls and boys drop out of school

Target: At least five main reasons for girls and boys to drop out of school are known.

Question 1: What do you think are the main reasons girls leave school?

Ignorance

Poverty

Commerce

Early Marriage

Unwanted pregnancies

Illnesses

Migrations

Low intellectual capacity

Religious teachings

Burundian Culture

Fishing

Mineral deposit

Other (s) to be specified)

…………………………………………………..

Question 2: What do you think are the main reasons for boys drop out their studies?

Ignorance

Poverty

Commerce

Early Marriage

Mineral deposit

Illnesses

Low intellectual capacity

Religious teachings

Burundian Culture


23



Fishing

Other (s) to be specified) ………………………………………………..

Question3: Would there be a similar inquiry that was conducted at your home?

YES NO

Question 4: If yes, which organization?

................... and when ?..............................

Indicator4: The number of school reintegrations of Muslim girls and boys

Baseline: Lack of data on the number of school reintegrations of girls and boys

Target: The number of school reintegrations of girls and boys is known and increased to more

than 95%.

Question 1: Are there girls and boys you know in your neighborhood or at home who have

returned to school after having abandoned for a while?

YES NO

Si oui combien ? …………………………………………..………

Question2: Can your sister / daughter and / or your son / brother go back to school?

YES NO

If so, what condition can she / he return to school?

Indicator5: Awareness of the consequences of dropping out

Baseline: Lack of sufficient data on the consequences of dropouts for girls

Target: Identification of almost all the consequences of school drop-out among girls.

Question1: Are there consequences of school drop-out for girls and boys?

Yes No

If, Which ones?

Violence Delinquency Banditry Taking drugs and narcotics Drank Early

Marriage

Other (s) to be specified

:……………………………………………………………..

What recommendations do you have for improving the school enrollment rate of girls and boys

in your community (reduce the dropout rate)?

To the government?


24



..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................

To civil society and religious leaders?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………

To parents?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………

Learners?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………

Name and surname of the respondent Name and surname

of the investigating officer

……………………………… ......................................................


25



2. Acknowledgment to implementing partners

The acknowledgments of AICNDH are reserved in the first place to its executing partners and

to other persons and / or institutions that have contributed in one way or another to the success

of this activity.

International Christian Service US Embassy in BURUNDI Muslim for Progressive Values

COMIBU ADPBU APLM Government of BURUNDI


26



alliance des imams du corridor nord pour le deve … · alliance des imams du corridor nord pour le...

Documents