all-in-onesolar thermal coolingandheatingsystem · 2016. 8. 12. · dry air cooler solar system...

Australian Solar Cooling Interest Group (ausSCIG) Conference 2013 www.ausSCIG.org

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Day 2 – Solar Cooling Conference - 12/04/2013Venue: CSIRO, North Ryde, Sydney

BAVARIAN CENTER FOR APPLIED ENERGY RESEARCH

Australian Solar Cooling 2013 ConferenceApril 12th, 2013 North Ryde, Australia

ZAE BayernWalther-Meißner-Str.6, 85748 Garching

Germany

www.zae-bayern.de

All-in-one Solar Thermal Cooling and Heating System

Manuel Riepl & Martin Helm


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Motivation

Approach:

Up to now:

High initial costs for planning and installation and invest

No or just very few standardized Systems available

-> Large effort for control system and operation needed

© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research 2

Approach:

All-in-one system for all needs of the customer: Heating, cooling and DHW

preparation with only one pre-engineered system

Quick and cost effective planning and installation process due to readily

packaged system (hydraulics and controls)

Fit-and-forget high efficient absorption chiller/heat pump


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Motivation (energetic)

Solar CoolingConventional solar cooling system with single stage (single-effect, SE) absorption chiller

• Hot water driven single stage absorption chiller

→ hot water from solar collector (THW ~ 90°C)

• In case of insufficient solar radiation and parallel cooling demand a backup heat source is

needed (mostly fossil fired hot water boilers)

• Rather poor utilization of primary energy of fossil fuel due to limited efficiency of the single-

effect chiller (COPSE ~ 0,70)

Improved utilization of fossil fuel is imperatively essential for a positive primary


→ Improved utilization of fossil fuel is imperatively essential for a positive primary

energy ratio for such a solar-cooling system

E

C1 G1

SHX1

A

Sin

gle

Sta

ge A

bsor

ptio

n C

hille

r

Hot WaterStorage

Solar Collector

Fossil firedbackup vessel


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Motivation

Approach: Addition of a high temperature stage with a direct gas fired high temperature generator (G2)

• Usage of fossil driving heat (flue gas

from a natural gas burner)

in double effect (DE) absorption

chiller offers higher efficiency

COPDE ~ 1,2

• Coupling of single- and double


• Coupling of single- and double

effect chiller (DE/SE) allows

simultaneous usage of hot water

(solar collectors) and fossil driving

heat

(COPDE/SE ~ 1,0)

→ improvement of

primary energy ratio as

compared to a single-effect

fossil backed-up system


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Motivation – Primary Energy Balance of ST-Cooling



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All-in-one solution

Solar

collectors

Central Control Unitcontrols/electrics

HT

Pre-Designed Energy System (Ready-To-Use)

Interface

Hydraulic loops

Electric

communication


Buffer

Tank

Cooling Tower

Absorption

Heatpump

Chiller

(Boiler)

User

HT

MT

NT

Hydraulic Unit

Cooling

Heating Burner


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Flexible modes of operation

SummerSolar Cooling – (SE) Solar/Gas Cooling (DE/SE) Gas Driven Cooling (DE)

SE SE

DE DE

40°C 40°C 40°C90°C 90°C

15°C 15°C 15°CCOP = 0,75 COP = 1,0 COP = 1,2

Biomassburner

Gas burner

Cooling and DHW preparation

© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research

Spring/Autumn/WinterSolar Direct Heating Heat Pump Operation Boiler Mode

DE

35°C

15°C 15°C 15°C

10°C

35°C

35°C

COPCh= 0,75 COPch = 1,0 COPch = 1,2

COPHP = 2,2

Solar Heat

(low temp)

Or: low temp

ambient heat (geo)

COPHP= 1

Gas burner

Gas burner

Heating and DHW preparation


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Problems with solar cooling with absorption chiller

- wet cooling tower (legionella, fog, high water treatment costs

- high reject heat temperatures with dry air cooler,

- high electrical power consumption during grid peak load (costs)

Solution: latent heat storage as heat sink in the reject heat loop

Additional feature: PCM Storage


Solution: latent heat storage as heat sink in the reject heat loop

Problems with solar supported heating

-bulky sensible heat storages

- high energy losses, due to high storage temperatures (up to 95 °C)

- decreasing collector efficiency at high storage temperatures

Solution: latent heat storage as additional low temperature storage


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System design of the

pilotinstallation at ZAE Bayern, Garching

CHILLER

AUX.BOILER

HOTWATERTANK

15°C18°C

32°C

90°C

80°C40°C

50 % dryheat rejection

50 % loadinglatent heat

storage

SOLARCOOLING

CHILLER

AUX.BOILER

HOTWATERTANK

15°C18°C

32°C

90°C

80°C40°C

50 % dryheat rejection

50 % loadinglatent heat

storage

SOLARCOOLING


HEATING / COOLINGSYSTEM

LATENTHEAT

STORAGE

DRY AIRCOOLER

SOLARSYSTEM

40°C32°C

36°C

32°C

36°C

storage


LATENTHEAT

STORAGE

DRY AIRCOOLER

SOLARSYSTEM

40°C32°C

36°C

32°C

36°C

storage


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CHILLER

AUX.BOILER

HOTWATERTANK

unloadinglatent heat

storage

SOLARCOOLING

CHILLER

AUX.BOILER

HOTWATERTANK

unloadinglatent heat

storage

SOLARCOOLING





SOLARSYSTEM

LATENTHEAT

STORAGE

DRY AIRCOOLER26°C

18°C

<24°C

26°C

<24°CHEATING / COOLINGSYSTEM

SOLARSYSTEM

LATENTHEAT

STORAGE

DRY AIRCOOLER26°C

18°C

<24°C

26°C

<24°C


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CHILLER

AUX.BOILER

HOTWATERTANK

45 – 90°C

directly solar

loadinglatent heat

storage

SOLARHEATING

loading hot

CHILLER

AUX.BOILER

HOTWATERTANK

45 – 90°C

directly solar

loadinglatent heat

storage

SOLARHEATING

loading hot





SOLARSYSTEM

LATENTHEAT

STORAGE

DRY AIRCOOLER

25 - 45°C

32°C

25°C

loading hot water tank


SOLARSYSTEM

LATENTHEAT

STORAGE

DRY AIRCOOLER

25 - 45°C

32°C

25°C

loading hot water tank


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CHILLER

AUX.BOILER

HOTWATERTANK

preheating bylatent heat

storage

SOLARHEATING

unloading hot water tank

CHILLER

AUX.BOILER

HOTWATERTANK

preheating bylatent heat

storage

SOLARHEATING

unloading hot water tank





SOLARSYSTEM

DRY AIRCOOLER

LATENTHEAT

STORAGE

27°C32°C

25°C

water tank


SOLARSYSTEM

DRY AIRCOOLER

LATENTHEAT

STORAGE

27°C32°C

25°C

water tank


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Phase change materialcalcium chloride hexahydrate

Phase change temperature28 - 29 °C

Latent Heat Storage for

Solar Cooling and Heating Systems


28 - 29 °C

Dimension: LxWxH 1,2 x 0,8 x 1,9 m

Heat content: ~ 80 kWh (22-36 °C)

Prototype successfully tested in more

than 800 loading and unloading cycles


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Heat Storage Principles- sensible and latent -

Q

Qlatent + sensibel


TTST1 T2

Qsensibel

Qlatent + sensibel


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Capacity Performance - LOADING -Temperatures range 20 to 40 °C

15

20

25

24-32°C

24-34°C

24-36°C

T0:00 - Tstorage-IN

LOADINGCapacity / kW


0

5

10

15

0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00

24-36°C

24-38°C

24-40°C

20-32°C

20-34°C

20-36°C

20-38°C

20-40°C

time / hh:mm


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UNLOADING

30

35

40

45

32-24°C

34-24°C

36-24°C

UNLOADING cycles

Capacity / kW


0

5

10

15

20

25

0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00

36-24°C

38-24°C

40-20°C

32-20°C

34-20°C

36-20°C

38-20°C

time / hh:mm


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Hydraulic scheme



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Reject Heat Circuit Capacities- Latent Heat Storage supports Dry Air Cooler during Daytime



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Reject Heat Circuit Temperatures- Constant Cooling Water Temperature even on hot Days -



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Reject Heat Circuit Capacities- Unloading of the Latent Heat Storage during Nighttime -



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Daily Loading and Unloadingof the Latent Heat Storage



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Güntner

S-GFH 067B/3-S(S)-F6/6P

Güntner

S-GFH 080.2A/1-E(J)-F4/8P

Güntner

S-GFH 080.2B/1-E(J)-F4/6P

L BS

Ø13

L

Ø17

BL

Ø17

B

Exemplary reject heat system design - T_ambient air = 32 °C -

Dry cooler 40/35 °CDry cooler 40/36 °C

+ latent heat storage 36/32°CDry cooler 45/40 °C

+


S-GFH 067B/3-S(S)-F6/6P(LxWxH 3.5x1.1x1.4 m)

Capacity 24.6 kWT_IN / OUT 40 / 35 °CFlow 4.58 m³/helect. power 0.39 kWSurface 409.0 m²Price (cooler)6330.00 EUR

chilled water 13 kW(Absorber Sonnenklima Suninvers

T_cold 18/15, T_heat 90/80reject heat 35/40 °C)

S-GFH 080.2A/1-E(J)-F4/8P(LxWxH 2.3x1.1x1.4 m)

Capacity 12.7 + 12 kWT_IN / OUT 40 / 36 / 32 °CFlow 2.96 m³/helect. power 0.11 kWSurface 163.2 m²Price (cooler)3799.00 EUR

chilled water 15 kW(Absorber Sonnenklima SuninversT_cold 18/15, T_heat 90/80reject heat 32/40 °C)

S-GFH 080.2B/1-E(J)-F4/6P(LxWxH 2.7x1.1x1.4 m)

Capacity 24.7 kWT_IN 45 / 40 °CFlow 4.60 m³/helect. power 0.11 kWSurface 197.6 m²Price (cooler)4056.00 EUR

chilled water 8 kW(Absorber Sonnenklima Suninvers

T_cold 18/15, T_heat 90/80reject heat 40/45 °C)


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Conclusion

Goals:

Low planning and installation effort and costs

Development of an All-in-one Solution


Easy full-automatic operation with negligible maintenance demand

High primary energy savings and low electricity demand (aim: COP ele > 15)

Wide scope of applications and locations can covered


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© Bavarian Center For Applied Energy Research

all-in-onesolar thermal coolingandheatingsystem · 2016. 8. 12. · dry air cooler solar system...

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