all hands naval bulletin - jun 1943

8/6/2019 All Hands Naval Bulletin - Jun 1943

1/68MOUNT FUJIYAMA THROUGH THE PERISCOPE OF A U. S. SUBMARINE


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JUNE 1943 0 NUMBER 315REARADMIRALRANDALLJACOBS,USNThe Chief of Naual Personnel

REARADMIRAL L. E. DENFELD,USNThe Assistant Chief of Naual Personlzel

Table of ContentsPageThe Navy's Part in the African Victory. . . . 2U. S. Attacks Japs on Attu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

New OAicer Classification System Working.7New Pacific Bases, North and South. . . . . . 8The First Public Account of Radar. . . . . . . . 10More FiguresonMedical Successes. . . . . . . 1310 Shots-10 Japanese Ships H i t . . . . . . . . . . 14Spanish: Short List of Words and Phrases. . 15The New Recognition System. . . . . . . . . . . . 17TheMonth's News. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Blimp Training Centered at Lakehurst . . . . 29Navy News Photographs of the Mo nth . . . 30DecorationsandCitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Change of Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55PublicationCheck List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55NewTrainingFilms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5sLegislative Matters of Naval Interest. . . . . 56BuPers BulletinBoard-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

In thisSection,heBureau ofNaval Personnel directs.attentionto mattersof particular interest andimportance to the service generally.A separate index to the contents ofthe sectionmay befound.on page 7.

NavyDepartmentCommuniques. . . . . . . . . 22

I IThismagazine is published monthly in Washington,D. C., by the Special Services Division of the Bureau

of Naval Personnel for the information and interestof the Naval Service as a whole. Because copies can-hot be furnishedall personnel individuallyat present,it is equested that eachcopybegivenaswideacirculation aspossible. It is suggested that readerspass along heir copies when hey are. finished. Tofurther publicize the contents, ship and station papersmaydesire to reprintpertinentmaterial rom theBulletin.AllctivitieshouldeepheBureauinformed of howmanycopies arerequired.While. the Bulletins ublishedorhe uidance of theService, the authority for all information containedherein is the particular order or directive on whichthe information is based. Articles of general interestmay be forwarded to t5e Editor via official channels.\


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Official U.S. Na vy PhotographAMERICAN AMPHIBIOUS FORCES primed and perfectedbymonths .of edious rainingswarm ashorein an attack they have been working toward. This photograph shows them at Fedhala, one of the points

where landing operations smoothly conducted last November started the African campaign08brilliantly toits aictorious climaxix months later.

T he Navys Part in the African VictoryAmphibiousOperationLaunchedCampaign;U. S. and BritishleetsuppliedAllies

All of NorthAfrica-stretchingfrom he new United Statesnavaloperating base a t Casablanca on theAtlantic to heBritishnaval baseat Alexandria and the Suez Canal-is now in Allied hands. On May 12,a special communiquerom AlliedHeadquarters n Algiers announcedtersely:Organized resistance, except for afew isolated pockets of the enemy, ha sceased.

By May 13,all resistance was a t a nend. IAlthough the finalphases of thebattle were a n Army show, the U.S.Navy played a vital part throughoutthe entire campaign.At the beginning, ritish and Amer-

ican Navy ships andlanesadsilenced shore nstallations opposingthe initial landings and had put en-emyvessels out of commission. A tthe end,ships of both Navieswereescorting to he Allied armies thesupplies tha t gave them victory whileth e British Navy in the Mediterraneanwaschopping Axis supply lines topieces.All through he winter and earlyspring-whileAllied armies oughttowardeachother on wo sides ofth econtinentconvoyafter convoyslipped into African ports (includingsome just recaptured from the Axis)carryingplanes, anks,guns,muni-tions, food, supplies. and fresh roops.With Atlantic convoys often went

the Navysnew dual-purposeauxil-iary aircraft carriers, providing mer-chant vessels with anair umbrellaor the crossing and turn ingover newplanes ready for action to the landforces. With he convoys, too, weredestroyers andother escort vesselthat drove off or sank many an Axissubmarine.As far back as astsummer heNavy and Coast Guard began prepa-rations for their role in the initial invasion. At amphibious trainingbasesnaval officers andbluejacketsprac-ticed andingoperations.They ranlanding boatsup and down rivers andbays, drove themontobeachesandattacked imaginary .enemy positionsThey swam throughsurf;swarmed

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"Official U. S. Navy Photograph.T H E NAVYBR OUGHT FOOD-FOR TROOPS A N D CZVZLZANS: Hungry residents of Safi, FrenchMoroccam port, helped Yankee bluejackets and doughboys unload millions of dollars' worth of supplies.Food am? clothing were carried by the originul invasion fleet for the residents of the French Colonies.over the sides of ships; swung boatson and off empty transports ndloaded and unloaded them wi t h 'sup-plies. Meanwhile, theBritish Navysimilarly prepared for the role in theAfrican campaign i t so brilliantly ful-filled.It was these amphibiousoperations,culmination of all themonths oftedious trainingnd preparations,that accounted in largemeasuref o r the successfulnvasion whichlaunched t he African campaign. Hadtheygone wrong, the whole resultmight have been different.That theNavies were ready for theinvasion was seen in the success ofthe operation-in three days Frenchresistanceendedand heAmericanArmy was ready to egin its first landbattle against Germany and Italy.Throughout last October the Navymadeeady. Literally hundreds ofcargo ships and warships slipped inand. out of ports along he easternseaboard, takingon supplies of alldescriptions, loadingmmunition.Then in October those ships sailed-in Small groups to avoid suspicion. A

few daysout heymet other ships,both cargo and combat. Still morecame along: troopships. Soon theywere joined by the big battlewagons,cruisers, and aircraft carriers.Eventually there was formed thebiggest armada ever seen. For 25miles innyirectionhehipsstretched, battleships, including thenew5,000-ton class, cruisers, de-stroyers,smaller escort ships, trooptransports and freighters , ig-zaggingin line with the course of the Flag.The enemy knewsomething was p.Berlin and Romewere jittery, heirradios rife with speculation.Thenight of November 7-8 waspitch-black as the armada drew closeto Africa. No stars wereisiblethrough the cloudy sky, and a dampwind and gentle swell rocked the ringof ships as they circled into position,the transports standing a few miles

off shore with the protecting screenof warships in the rear.Everything was eady. For hoursthe British andU; . Navies had beenmaking reparationsorheirstlandings, checking gear, freeing the

barges from their berths, and secur-ing cables to swing them over theside. The roops n the holds wentover last-minute details w i t h theirofficers; wherehey were toand,their objectives, and what and whereresistance could be expected.On board the screeningwarships,guncrews tood by their weaponsready to back up the troops with ahail of fire. On the carriers, fightersand bombers warmed up.A t 0100, the landing parties struck.

From scores of ships scurried hun-dreds of landing boats, loaded almosttohe gunwhaleswith k!!aki-cladsoldiers, and guided onto the beachesby naval officers and seamen. Theinitial landings-made at sevenpoints, four ,in Algeria and three inFrench Morocco-were carried utwith comparatively minor opposition.The most bitter fighting came afterthe troops -had already landed.Theirst bargesutshore inFrench Morocco landed a t Safi, 140miles south of Casablanca; at Fed- .hala,,15 miles to the north, and atMehdia, 18 miles north of Rabat.Page 3


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Their objective was to reduce the lo-cal defenses rimming the mportantcity of Casablanca.Toward the city itself moved astrong U. S. naval force to engageunits of the FrenchFleet based there.These hipsmet opposition lmostimmediately. The 15-inchuns ofthe 35,000-ton battleship Jean Bartopened upon he American ships,but were silenced by the second salvoof a n answering U. S. warship.In the meantime, other units werefighting a t Algiers where strong op-position also was encountered. AtOran, two American cutters were lost

attempting to break through the har-boroom.owever, th e Navypushed on, landing troops and shell-ing opposing positions. Two dayslater the city surrendered.The hips a t sea, too, had heirhands full. Opposing planes swarmedon some of them like bees and sub-marines sent torpedoes in every di-rection. Heavy fire came from shorebatteries. However, there wereewcasualties and only small damage a tsea,due to the screening destroyersandrotectingircraft. .Casualties were light consideringthe size and type of operation. The

"Official U. S. Navy Photograph.HIT BY N AVY GUN S IN AFRICAN INVASION: A shell from anAmerican warship plowed up the ground in fromt of this Fremch fire

control tower and then "bamked" through he op of thebuilding.Fire of four 130-mm. gum was directed from the huildiBg, which wasabout 2% miles northwest of Safi, Fremch Morocco.

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estimatedotal was slightlymorethan 2,000, about half of thesewounded and he emaindereitherkilled or missing.Many of those atfirst missingwere prisoners of theFrenchand eturned ater to heirown units.

In heent ire operation only flvetransports were sunk and the troopsfrom these hadbeen landed when torpedoes struck.Themajority of th ecrews f these hips were able toboard landing barges clustered near-by and made the beach in safety.

One of the most outstanding rec-ords o f thenitial campaign wasmade by the Naval Air Group whichcame out of the battle without losingone plane in combat. Twenty-six op-posingplaneswere shot down andmore than 100 others were destroyedon the ground.On he morning of the invasionalmost every man aboard the carriersrequestedermission to join thefight. Traffic on th e flight decks wasof the heaviest. A t times, pilotswould not eveneave their planes,gulping cups of coffee in their cockpitswhile theirplanes were madereadyand discussing operations with intel-ligence officers.

Threedaysafter thefirst bargeswent over, on November1-anni-versary of Armistice Day, 1918, roni-cally enough-all French resistanceended in compliance with orders fromthe late Admiral Jean Darlan, com-mander in chief of French forces inAfrica.Withinours the Alliednavies unloaded the remainder oftheir ships, occupied the mportantports, and wound up t he loose ends ofthe invasion.

Butheritishnd AmericanNa7ies''jobs were farrom done.While woAllied armies ought oneither side of Africa, ships of bothnavies shuttled-between t he battle-fields an d. Britishand U. s. portsguarding cargoes of supplies and ma-terial for both theighting forces an dthe civilian population of th e colonies.

The War Department announced nJanuary that many thousands f tonsof suppliesere reachingNorthAfrica. Tea, sugar and cotton cloth,said the War Department, arrived orthe civilians with the invasion fleet.


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and many extra shiploads of supplieshad arrived since.

Later in Sanuary, while the Navyguarded the north and west coasts ofAfrica, the best-kept secret in heworld was revealed-the historicmeeting between President Rooseveltand British Prime Minister Churchillat Casablanca. With hem were themilitary and naval eaders of bothcountries, includingAdmiralErnestJ. King, Commander in Chief of theU. S. Fleet. Unconditional sur-render would be the Allied demandupon the Axis, the two chiefs of gov-ernments said.

On his wayhome, the Presidentagain called on theNavy, using a U. S.destroyer to conferwithPresidentGetulio D. Vargas of Brazil on thesubmarine angernhe Atlantic.Never again, said the two Americanpresidents, must he west coast ofAfrica and m k a r be allowed to be-come ahreatgainsthe twoAmericas.

But Dakar was no longer a threat.U. S. Navy ships alreadyhad useditstrategic harbor. On January30, American estroyers sailed in.Withhemwhenhey sailed outwas the prideof the FrenchNavy, the35,000-ton battleship, Richelieu, andthree destroyers, and acruiser. Amer-icandestroyersescorted the Frenchvessels to U. S. ports for outfitting andrepairsafter which hey will taketheir placeswith Allied warshipsfighting the Axis.

Late in March, while the Alliesstartedheir pincersovementagainst heMareth Line in centralTunisia, the Navy announced an-other strategic move-the establish-ment of th e West African Sea Fron-tier Forcewith a NavalOperatingBase at Casablanca. Thus was theNavy ready to conduct perationsagainst Axis-dominated Europe fromtwobases, Casablanca to hesouthand Londonderry to the north.

The Navy was firmly entrenched inAfrica and the Allied armies ashorewere quickly winding up their cam-paign. Through April the twoArmies, now linked and aided by anAmerican-equipped French force,drove theGermansndtalians

-0Kicial U. S. Army Signal Corps Photogfnph.A T THE EN D O F THE AFRICANCAMPAIGN:Stepping rom atransport plame, Col . Gem. Jurgen uon Arnim, commalzder in chief ofGermam forces im Africa, meets U. . a d British military leaders at thetime of his surrender. Gold braid captured in the final stages of theAfricam campaign imclzuled about twodozenGerman amd Italiamgenerals.

northward nTunisiauntil the en- As the INFORMATIONULLETINentemy held only Tunis, Bizerte, and Cap to press, the Allies had opened an a irBon. On May 7 , the two important offensive against outhernEurope,ports fell and he enemy fied to his similar to hedayandnight aidslast stronghold,CapBonPeninsula. that American and British air forcesOn May 9 th at fell. had long beenonducting over Ger-In the closing days of thebattle, many andnorthern Europe. Hugeabout 200,000 prisoners were taken, raids-one includingmore than 400including the German commander in American bombing planes-were pul-chief, Col.Gen. Jurgen von Arnim, verizing industrialandharborareasand Marshal Giovanni esse,com- in southern Italy and Italian Sardiniamander of the tal ianFirst Army. and Sicily.

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T H I S I S AN OFFICERS PICTURE in the new qualification file in th e Bureau o f NavalPersonnel. Oncards like hesearebeingplaced qualifications o f all officers in th e service.By means of the ittle punchholes (black marks), machines can quickly filzd available officers wi th any required skills or experience.

New Officer Classification SystemWorkingQualifications Placed on PunchCards So RightMan for

Within.a short time, theBureau ofNaval Personnelwill have the qualifi-cations of all officers so tabulated oncards tha t it will be but a matter ofminutes to find tlSe right man for themostunusualand specialized billetth at could possibly come along.Classification is going ahead rapidlyand is ow two-thirds completed,withthe qualifications of more tha n 100,-000 officers analyzed and tabulated todate. The project is the work of theClassification Section of the OfficerPersonnel Division.Of the 100,000 fficers whosequalifi-cationsare now checked and filed,about 500 have already been trans-ferred to fields in which they arebet-ter qualified by past experience andeducation.Where it is found that menareobviously misplaced, this s broughtto the a ttention of Officers Detail, inorder tha t these men maye moved oa field where they are best suited andcan best be used.However, in some instances Navyfields are not sufficiently wide to useall men withhe same particularual-ification. Fornstance,he Navysneed for chemical engineers is com-paratively light. Thus, menwithqualifications of chemicalengineersmight be found on other assignmentsbecause there is no part icular Spotfor them.Only hosebest qualified

Any Billet Can Be FoundQuicklyare used in such assignments in suchinstances.Those officers justout ofCollege,with noparticular business ack-groundorqualifyingexperience arephysically and mentally qualified tomake the best sailors, and this is whatthey are being trained for.Conversely, he Navy has spent on-siderable imeand money trainingofficers for duty in some specializedfield. Thus it can readily be seen thatthese men cannot e detailed to otherduties, even if they areso qualified byexperience,unless another officer istrained to fill this vacancy.filled out by all commissioned officersThe qualification questionnaires areof and below the rankof commander,warrant officers, and reserve midship-men. hr p os e of this information isto enable the Bureau to file by me-chanical means on punch cards thequalifications, fields of experience, andother pertinent datawhich may qual-ify officers for particular billets.In addition to the naval qualifica-tions and major fields of experiencepunchednach officers card,former civilian occupations, hobbies,schools, and other pertinent data isalso recorded to enable the detailsec-tion to utilize the available navalmanpowermost effectively.Ofiicersmay also request the particular kindof duty in which they feel best fittedto serve. Thus if a civil engineer who

can speak French or an officerwhohas experience in the oil business inIra n were urgently needed, it wouldbe but a matter of minutes before henameandpresentstation, ogetherwith his completeualifications, couldbe found in theBureau Ales.Qualifications of Navy men rangefrom ccountantso professors oflanguages,ewspapermen,nder-takers and zoologists.With the information on file andkept up to date, assignments to shipsand tations an be madeon ananalytical basis with profit to both theindividual officer an d th e ervice. Al-though much of th e information re-quested by the questionnaire s on filein officers jackets, fitness reports, andsion of the Navy and multifold n-other noncentralized files, th e expan-possible to investigate all such sourcescrease of officer personnel make t im-in the assignment of specific officersfrom such a vast field.Individual officers should submit re-vised questionnaires when additionalshould only fill ou t that ortion of thequalifications are acquired. Wlicersquestionnaire that ischanged romthe previous. Theuestionnaireshould be plainly marked Revisedin theupper left-hand corner of pageone to simplify handlingnheBureau.

(See also item in BuPers BulletinBoard, p a g e 58.)Page 7


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New Pacific Bases, North and SouthNavy Carries New ExpeditionaryForcesThat Strengthen American Positions

Protected and ransported by ships Americanbases in he Solomons and big American naval base, serving asof the U. S. Navy,American forcesJapansMarshall and Gilbert slands.awatch dog foranyfuture moveswithin the past severalmonthshaveWithholdingannouncement of their he Japanese may make in he Aleu-established newbases in he North occupation until positionswere fully ians. It is a long, narrow sland, th eandSouth Pacific to serve both as consolidated, the Navy said that northwestend ising to 1,008 feetandprotection for argerandmore m- Army,Navy, and Marine Corpsorces the easternextremity orming aportant Allied bases and as stepping combined in carrying out the occupa- peninsula at the end of which extendsstones or urther offensive actionions nd that military stablish- 2-mile-long reef. ConstantineHar-against enemy positions. ments wereow in fullperation.In aseries of announcements, th e RegardingAmchitka, th e Navy saidported tohaveanchorage in 8 to 10bor near the easternmost point is re-Navyevealed th at new ases have th at U. s. forces have establishedathoms.been established at:Amchitka-in th e Ra t Island group field on the island, ying less than American forces had occupied th e Is-military positions including an air-Simultaneously, it was evealed th atof the Aleutians which also includes 65 nautical miles from ap-held and of Adak in he Andreanof group,th e Japanese-held sland of Kiska.Kiska which recently has been under 397 mileswest of DutchHarbor be-Russell Islands-northwest of Gua- heavy attack from the air.dalcanal. tween the naval base and Amchitka.Amchitka is between Kiska and Adak has severalarbors whichEllice Islands- y i n g between Dutch Harbor, 550 mileswest of the American naval forces operating from

I

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RADAR-The fumdamental idea i s simple, but its developmemt is a major Naval achievememt.

T he First Public Account of RadarNaval ResearchcientistsevealedAs Discoverers of BasicPhenomenon

In mid-September, 1922, two e-search scientists, Dr. A. Hoyt Taylorand Mr. Leo C. Young, working in theNavalAircraftadioaboratory,Anacostia, D.C., observed tha t cer tainradio signals wereeflected from steelbuildings and metal objects. Theyalso observed t ha t ships passing by atransmitter and receiver at such fre-quencies gave a definite interferenceof pattern. Theseobservationsgaverise to the suggestion that:Possibly an arrangement could beworked out whereby destroyers locatedon a line a number of miles apar tcouldbe immediatelyaware of thepassage of an enemyvesselbetweenany two destroyers in the line, irre-spective of fog, darkness, or smokescreen.The discoveryby Dr. Taylor and Mr.Young, more than 20 years ago, wasthe bir th of radar. Their imaginative,s e a r c h i n g preliminary suggestionmarked its first possible military ap-plication.Theerm radarmeans adio-detecting-and-ranging. R a d a r s ,then,are deviceswhich the Alliesuse to detect the approach of enemyaircraft and ships, and to determinethe distance (range) to the enemiesforces. Radar is used by sta ticground defenses to provide da ta fo rantiaircraft guns for use in smash-ing Axis planes through cloud cover,and by airplanes a.nd warships.Page 10

While radars importance hasbeen well recognized within theNaval service, unt il recently mil-itary necessity prevented publicmention of it . Now, however,the basic story of radar, its his-tory and ses, can be told. Gath-ered here from avy sources andthe Office of War Information,are the fact s which have beenreleased for public information.~

It is one of the marvels made pos-sible by the electron tube. Ultrahigh-frequency waves travelling withthe speed of light can be focussed toscanhe ir nd sea. Whenheystrike an nemy ship or airplane, theybounceback. Radio waves travel a ta constant speed of 186,000miles persecond. Thus a smallspace of timeis required for such signals to travelto a reflecting surface and return tovided f o r measuring this time inter-a receiver, so that, with means pro-Val, it s possible todetermine hedistance toa given target.Radarsoperatehrough fog, storms,nddarkness, as well as through cloudlessskies. They are, herefore, uperiort o both telescopes and acoustic listen-ing devices.Radar is used for both defense and

offense. In fact, the British,who caltheirimilarpparatusheadiolocator, say it was instrumental nsaving England during the aeriallitzof 1940 and 1941. At that time helocators spotted German raiders longbefore they reached a target area, anthus gave the RAF and ground de-fenses timeorpreparation.Sincethen radar has stood guard at manydangerpointsalongUnitedNationsfrontiers and at sea, warning of thecoming of aerial and sea-borne enemforces, and contributing toward vic-tory in combat. The new science hasplayed a vital part in helping first tostem and hen o urn he ide ofAxis conauest.Upon the observation in 1922 by thetwo Navy scientists that receptionfrom a radio station was nterferedwith by an object moving in the pathof the signals, a radio receiver was setup o n the banks of a river and the ef-ffects of signal receptioncaused byboats passing up and down the riverwere studied. The experimeht of in-stalling he receiver ina ruck wasalso tried, and i t wasobserved thatsimilar- disturbances were producethe receiver when the ruc k movedpastarge buildings. Developmentwork was immediately undertaken sothat thenew discovery might be usedfor detecting vessels passing betweenharbor entrances, or between ships tsea.


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So far, it had been necessary tohave the moving objeect passbetweenthe adio ransmitter nd he re-ceiver. This obviously limitedhepossible fields of application. In 1925it was found that the surface of anobject, or target, would act as a le-flector of high frequency radio waves.In other words, the radio signals sentout by a transmitter could be made tostrike a target,and hen bounceback t o a receiver. This made it POS-sible to have both the transmit ter andth e receiver at the same location.Dr. Taylor andMr. Younghave beenconnected intimately wi th the devel-opment of radar ever since those fate-ful days in September, 1922. For likempst discoveries which shape the pathof Mankind, as has radar in the res-ent war, the chronologicaldevelop-ment of radar is mainly the story ofunceasing human endeavor. Theirearlyequipment difficultieswere al-faith of Dr. Taylor and Mr. Youngmost unbelievable, but the continuingenabled them to drive forward theirdevelopment to a degree wherebyradaras changedmarkedly thetactical science of ,modern warfare.Dr. Taylor is now Superintendent ofthe Radio Division of the Naval Re-search Laboratory. Mr. Young is nowAssistant Superintendent of the sameDivision.On September 27, 1922,report onDr.Taylor and Mr.Youngs initialfindings and their suggested implica-tions was forwarded to the Bureau ofEngineering, Navy Department.Working under Dr. Taylor, Mr.L. A, Hyland, now with the BendixCorporation, observed on June 24,

1930, hat aircraft crossing a line be-tween a transmitternd receiveroperating directionally gave an inter-ference patte rn clearly indicating th epresence of such aircraft.On November 5, 1930,he Directorof the Naval ResearchLaboratorysubmitted to th e Chief of the Bureauof Engineering, Navy Department, adetailed report, prepared by Dr. Tay-lor, on radio-echo signals from mov-ing objects. This report summarizedallobservationsmade prior to hatdate, presented the theory underlyingthe observed phenomena and con-cluded with the recommendation thatthe investigation be continued andintensified.Dr.Taylors report having eenthoroughly studied, the Radio Divisiono fthe Bureauof Engineering on Jan-uary 19, 1931,ssigned the Naval Re-searchaboratory the followingproblem:Investigate use of radio to de-tect thepresence of enemy vessels andaircraft.Specialemphasis s placedon the confidential nature of thisproblem.On October 21, 1931,aptain Har-old G. Bowen, U. S. N., then Assistantto the Chief of the Bureau of Engi-neering (now Rear Admiral, SpecialAssistant to theUnder Secretaryf theNavy),forwarded for comment andconsideration to the Naval ResearchLaboratory certain radio proposals ofLieutenant (now Commander) JosephN. Wenger, U. S. N. Two weeks later ,on December 20, 1931, r. Taylor re-plied that all of Lieutenant Wengersproposals hadalready been demon-stra ted in previous work at the Naval

Research Laboratory o have practicalpossibilities, and again Dr. Taylor rec-ommended that this research e givena high priority.Meanwhile the theory of reflectionfrom moving objects had been con-firmed by experimentsconducted incooperation with he dirigibleAKRON.At this stage in radars developmentthe Navys findings were brought tothe attentionof the War Department.On January 9, 1932,he Secretary ofthe Navy wrote the Secretary of Wardescribing the work carried on at theNavalesearchaboratory. Thisletter contained the following sug-gestion:Certain phases of the problem ap -pear o be of moreconcern to heArmy than o he Navy. For exam- .ple, a system of transmitters and as-sociated receivers might be set upabout a defense area to test it s effec-tiveness in detecting the passage ofhostile aircraf t into the area. Such adevelopment mightbe carried forwardmore appropriately and expeditiouslyby the Army than by the Navy.vember 5,1930,was enclosed with theA copy of Dr. Taylors report of No-Secretarys letter, and he War De-partment was offered he assistance fthe Naval ResearchLaboratory andthe Bureau of Engineering in any in-vestigations that Department mightdesire to make.By this timeairplanes in motionnearly 50 miles from the t ransmitterhad been detected under certain con-ditions. On July 1, 1932, n one of Dr.Taylors reports of progress made onthe problem assigned January 19,1931,he described certain tests of air-

Radars discoverers: Dr. A. Hoyt Tayl or (lef t) and Mr. Leo C. Yourzg.Page 11


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craf t detection a t such distances andadded tha t the object of the investi-gation now was o develop instrumentsfor the collection, automatic record-ing and correlating of data to showposition, angle and speed of the ap-proach of objects in the air. The firstinstruments of this naturewere devel-oped by Mr. Robert M. Page, of theNaval ResearchLaboratory, assistedby Mr. Robert C. Guthrie.Mr.Page and Mr. Guthrie, since thistime, havebeen constantly engaged inradar research,ndmany of theradar developments now in use in theNaval service are credited by the NavyDepartment to heefforts of thesescientists.By March 28, 1933,arious types ofapparatus and systems for detectingenemy aircraft and vessels had beendeveloped to a degree which enabledthe Naval ResearchLaboratory tooutline in detail the theoretical mili-tary applications.In 1935 the Naval AppropriationsCommittee of the Houseof Repre-

sentatives on its own initiativeal-to he Naval ResearchLaboratory.lotted $100,000 for research purposesThis Committee has been intenselyinterested in the development of ra-dar.The Committee epeatedly hasmade inspections at he Naval Re-search Laboratory andas givenspecial financial support to its work.During most of this period Repre-sentative (now S-nator)ames E.Scrugham, of Nevada, a former engi-neer, was Chairman of the Com-mittee.By this time the Bureau of Stand-ardshad beenadvised of the radarwork of the Naval Research Labora-tory, ,and he Bureau of Standardsand he Naval ResearchLaboratorywere cooperating with representativesof t he Army regardingmethods ofdetectingaircraft by utilizing ult rahigh-frequencyadio waves. TheWar Department had emphasized theimportance of this project, and con-stant liaison has been maintainedbetween the Services.In June, 1936, epresentatives of theBureau of Engineering witnessed ademonstration of aircraft detectionequipment at the aval Research Lab-oratory,andRear AdmiralBowen,then Chief of t he Bureau,directedth at plans be made for the installa-tion of a complete set of radar equip-ment, as then existed, aboard ship.As result of studies made during hetactical maneuvers of the U. S. Fleetin thePacific during the Fall of 1936,Admiral A. J. Hepburn, U. S. N., Com-mander n Chief of the U. S. Fleet(now Chairman, General Fhard,NavyDepartment), advised Rear Admiralradar equipment tested withhe Fleet.Bowen of t he importancecfkavingO n February 17, 1937, isiting theNaval Research Laboratory, AssistantSecretary of the Navy Charles Edison(now Governor of the State ofNewJersey) and AdmiralWilliam D.Leahy, U. S. N., Chief of Naval Opera-Page 12

tions (now Chief of Staff to the Com-mander in Chief of the Army andNavy)witnessed a demonstration ofthe detection of aircraft by the firstradar set developed in this country.The next two years were spent indesigning and manufacturing a prac-ticalshipboard model.After contin-ual rials, a set of radar, manufac-tured by t he Naval Research Labora-tory, was installed on the USS NEWYORK late in 1938. During January,February, and March, 939, his equip-ment wasgiven exhaustive ests atsea during the winter cruise and thebattle maneuvers carried on at th attime. The Commanding Officer ofth e USS N E W YORK was most en-thusiastic and recommended tha t thework be continued. Vice Admiral Al-fred F. Johnson, U. S.N., commandingthe Battleship Division, stated, Theequipment is one of the most impor-ta nt radio developments since the ad-vent of the radio itself.Decision was made to develop addi-tional radar sets, while, at t he sametime, it was emphasized that the im-mediate procurement of this materialmust not interfere with th e progressof the development.In October, 1939, contracts,onabidbasis,were warded the RadioCorporation of America for manufac-ture of six sets of aircraft detectionequipment patterned after theriginalmodelwhich had been built at th eNaval R se ar ch Laboratory and n-stalled in theUSSNEW YO-.In August 1940, ealizing that theUnited States was faced with limitedradar productionacilities inheevent of war,Rear AdmiralBowensetaboutenlisting th e resources ofthemajor electronicsaboratories,and n October 1940 he was desig-nated coordinator of all phases of theNavys radar program.By the beginning of 1941, he Gen-eral Electric, Westinghouse, RCA,and Bell Telephone laboratories werecarrying on research and undertak-ing commercial production.Lieutenant Commander(now Com-mander) DavidR. Hull, U.S.N., As-sistant o Admiral Bowen,was putin immediatecharge of Navalcon-tactswithall private, commercial,and governmental activities engagedin radar research and development,and n his capacity he supervisedthe development of models which re-sulted in the first quantity produc-tion of many ypes of radar equip-ment.Commander (now Captain)en-nings B. Daw, U. S. N., spent thegreater part of 1941 in England ob-taining information on British radarmethods.Upon his returnoheUnited States, Commander Dow or-ganized theRadarBranch n heRadio Division, Bureau of Ships.Radar procurement and design workin the Bureau of Ships prior to thattime had beep conducted by Lieuten-ant Commander (now Commander)Samuel M. Tucker, U. S. N. Major

contributions in the radar field alsohave been made by Lieutenant Com-mander (now Captain) M. E. Curts,U. S. N., Lieutenant (nowom-mander) William S. Parsons, U. S.N.,and Lieutenant Commander Joh n F.Mullen, JY.,U. S. N.Radarresearch is continuing andnew developments are constantly be-ing made-by the Government and byPrivatendustry. Every manufac-industry is participating. Radar pro-turer of any size in t he electronicsprojects.curement is one of the Navys primeTwo basic discoveries opened theelectronicspectrum to radar equip-ment.From experience alone we haveknown for years that radio waves gothrough solid substances,such asbrick a nd wood, and that hey are ab-sorbed by steel. On the basis of elec-tronic theory,however, it was demon-strabl e hat radio waves also werereflected; although until a few yearsago no one had succeeded in detect-ing the reflocted impulses. Research,however, led to the development ofreceiving instruments whichouldpick up reflected radio waves andrecord them.Secondly, it has been possible tocreate instruments which count timeintervals smaller than a split-thou-sandth of a second.Whilework inthis direction had been going forwardth at resulted in such high precisionfor years, it was recentexperimentas to open the way to radar.Scientifically, radar has the samegenealogy as the familiar radio. TheBritish physicist, William Clerk Max-well, in 1864 demonstratedmathe-matically that lightand electricitymove in the same medium and tha telectricity and light share many chaacteristics. In 1887 HeinrichHertzsucceeding in producing electromag-netic waveswhich, as Maxwell hadpredicted, could be detected a t someIn the 1890sGuglielmo Marconi wasdistance from the originating spark.experimentingwith quipment de-signed to send out longer,strongerwaves on the one hand, and to pickup waves at greaterdistances. Heused an aerial and ground on both hsending and receiving apparatus.The next importantstep was theuse of pioneer vacuum tubes in 1906by Dr. Lee DeForest. In 1915, Dr.Irving Langmuir designed a tube sim-ilar to those used today.Independently of the experimentsleading to radar, muchwork was donethrough the 1930s in using ordinaryradio as a direction finder for shipsa t sea. Radio beaconswere estab-lished by the FederalGovernmentalong the United States coast. Aship which had lost its location ordirection could get its bearings bysignalling to two or more shore sta -tions. Its position then could be de-termined by triangulation. The Prog-ress in this field proved suggestive asra dar was developed.


15/68

"O f f i c i a l U. . N a v y Photograph.A I R AMBULANCE: Capable of using impromptu l a d i n g spaces, this single litter ambulmce plane can speedto the scene o f almost any accident and bring injured personnel quickly to a base hospital.More Figures on Medical.Successes

Rapid, ScientificTreatmentKeepsDeaths Low in All Battle ZonesFigures eleased by the OfficeofWar Information indicate that a owmortality rate isbeing maintained ineach battle zone, due principally torapid, scientific treatment of thewounded. (FornformationonheNavy's success in treating wounded inthe SouthPacific see the INFORMATIONBULLETINf May 1943).Never before in the history of th eworld has the ighting man hadavail-able the medical care and equipmentthe United States now furnishes itsdefenders, the O W I declares.More than 97 percent of Naval andMarine wounded from Pearl Harborto March 31, 1943,n all fronts, haverecovered. Of all Navy andMarinepersonnel wounded only 2.6 percentdied ubsequently.Fifty-threeper-cent were returned to duty. Still un-der reatment as of March 31 were43.5 percent. nvalided rom servicewere 0.9 percent.The break-down of these figuresshows: Naval officerswounded, 61.6percent returned to duty;5.9 percentstill under treatment; 0.2 percent in-valided from service; 2.3 percent died.Naval enlisted men wounded, 60.4percent returned to duty;5.4 percentstill under treatment; 1.4 percent in-valided from the service; 2.8 percentdied.Marine officers wounded, 46.8 per-centreturned oduty; 51.6 percent

still nderreatment; 1.6 percentdied.

Marine enlisted men wounded, 41.5percent returned o duty; 55.9 percentstill under treatment; 0.4 percent in-valided from service; 2.2 percent died.Army figures are not available, butdata show that recoveries are com-parable to Naval and Marineper-centages.The ransportplane hat rushessupplies in he nick of time o hebattlefront may ake from he rav-aged battlefront an even more valu-able cargo. Theeturn-trip load:Men.Woundeden-who,iventhe chance heplane gives them,may not only live, but return to thefight. Bureau of Medicine and Sur -gerydoctorshave nnounced thatthe death rate among wounded menremoved from th e Solomons has been0.018 of 1 percent. Quick removal byplane to base hospitals far away fromthe fighting ispart of th e reason.So outstanding was th e work of onegroup of transport planes, ,doublingas munitionsarriersndmbu-'lances, that Admiral William F. Hal-sey, USN, commander, South Pacificarea ndSouth Pacific Force, re-cently commended it. But the storyof air ambulances has only begun.Whenever possible, a doctor-sometimeswithnurses and hospitalthe wounded may be given prelimin-corpsmen-accompanies the plane so

ful has the procedure been that thenry treatment en route. So success-Bureau of Medicine andSurgery s

making a study with a view towardestablishing the Air Ambulance Serv-ice as a permanent part of the Hos-pital Corps.Like many another method that Isbeing proven in the war oday, theuse of ambulanceplanes epresentsthe final step in a long chain of ex-periments.uring the years ofpeace,newsreelaudiences ime an dagain saw the Navy rescuing the illor injured by air: by carrier-, battle-by flying boats and blimps. A varia-ship, or cruiser-basedplanes;evention was (and is ) to drop supplies tomen stranded in isolated areas.Today the big transports that willcarry 12 stretcher cases plus 6 sittingcases to safety are atone extreme ofthe list of ambulance planes. At theotherend are inyPiper Cubs (seecut) , designed with a cutaway fuse-lage to. carry one casualty behind thecockpit.Coincidental with the study of im-provised air ambulances, the field ofaviation medicine technique) is beingopened togreaternumbers of hos-pitalcorpsmen. A school foravia-tion medicine technique is describedin theApril, 1943, ssue of the Hospi-tal CorpsQuarterly. ' Applicationsby hospital corpsmen for this type ofduty are now being accepted by th eBureau of Medicine and Surgery, and.men capable of meeting the require-ments are being ordered to aviationtechnician schools for training.

Page 13


16/68

10 Shots-10 Japanese Ships HitNavy Sub Crew MakesUP or One Miss:Gets

Tenships shot at. Ten ships hit,in six attacks. That was the recordof a United States submarine undercommand of Lt. Comdr.William S.Stovall, USN,Picayune, Miss.The commanding officer says thatthe teamwork of his crew led to thesuccesses on war patrols.Lieutenantommander Stovallwas awarded a NavyCross for hiswork as commanding officer of t hesubmarine.The official score of sinkings for thesubmarine under command of Lieu-tenant Commander Stovall was sevenships sunk,oneprobablysunk, andtwo damaged. Thecitation accom-panying the award of th e Navy CrosstoLieutenantCommander Stovall,who since has beengiven anothercommand,praisedhim or inkingfour large Japanese vessels, three ofwhichwerecloselyconvoyed. In allbut one of the attacks made by hiscraf t he Japanese -vessels were es-corted by destroyers or antisubmarinecraft.The ubmarine is still out heresomewhere, slugging hard at the Jap-anese when the hunting s good, keep-ing station foronely and monotonousweeks when the quarry is scarce.You can get her story out of Lieu-te nant Commander Stovall-with th edistinct understanding th at it is thestory of the ship and its crew, andnot his story alone.We had a eam, here, he says.Thats the principal reason for oursuccess. Th e executive officerwasthat matter,so were the diving officerparticularly outstanding,nd, foran d every other officer and man onth e boat. They knew the ir jobs. Thecredit belongs to them,so please keepthe 1s out of this story.The executivefficer,whowasLt. Robert E. Dornin, of San Fra n-cisco,got the Silver Sta r medal. Lt.Commander Stovall ecommended thediving officer for a similar award, butleft the ship before action was takenonhis ecommendation. Theotherofficers he recommended for theNavyand Marine Corps medal.Yes, sir, he former skipperf thesubmarine says with pride. We hada team * * *The team he captained made sev-eral long patrols in he Pacific. It wason these that they got 10 hits out of10 shots-although theship missedwith her firstalvo of torpedoes, whichwas fired a t a Japanese patrol vessel.We made up for thaty a streak ofluck, he relates with a grin. It wasduring the sixth attack. This was ona convoyescorted by destroyers. Itwas at night,and we let go three.Page 14

IFour Hits With Three Salvossalvos-oneat he second ship ncolumn and one at the third ship incolumn. Then we swung around andfired a salvo at th e ast ship.Theygot all hree of these. Theluck came in when one torpedo f thatlast salvo missed its intended target,streakedon toanotherpart of theFour hits with three alvos.convoy, an d blew up a vessel there.The crew painted the wardroombulkhead with a small torpedo-piercedJap flag for every ship they hit.The morale of the crew was excel-lent, even during the longperiodswhen the ship was on station andsawnoction. But every engagementbroke the tension of waiting and hada beneficial effect on the morale, andonce after a long voyage the ship re-ceived a pat on theback in the formmander in Chief of the Pacific Fleetof congratulations rom he Com-andhe Commander,ubmarineForces, Pacific Fleet.They whiled away the hours ofwaiting by painting names and faceson the torpedoes that were to wreaksuch havoc among he Japanese.After one particularly gruelling at-tack, a crumpled piece of paper wasfound in he control roomwaste-basket. During the height of the at-

tack, someone had written on. t: Iwish to hell we had wings ome-times-sometimes! ! Another attack came just at lunchtime.Fifteenminutesater, Lieu-

bered theyhadnteaten.Hecalledtenant CommanderStovall emem-asked, How about lunch?down to the commissary officer andAfter an interval of silence, some-body forward drawled:Looks like the OldMan has toeat,whether hes going to sink ornot !

Official U. S. Navy Photograph.One we didmt simk was this Japa-Nese hospital ship, unaware of thepresence of a U . S . submarinethrough whose periscope photo wtaken. The ship formerly was he9,800-tom imer, AsahiMaw.> TheJapalzese failed to reply im k ind :Thismonth hey sank a plaialymarked Australia@ hospital ship08Queensland with ct loss of 299 liues.

Official U. S. Navy Photograph.We had a team, there . . hats the principal reason for our success.An example of U. . submarine successes-a Japanese cargo uesse2 goesto the ottom near the coast o f JapaB.


17/68

I SPANISH:ShortList of Words and Phrases 1I Ierating, is designed for Naval personnel interested in acquiring a limited knowledge of certain phrases.The following list, secondin a series setting forth phrases in languages commonto areas inwhich the Navy is op-It was prepared by the Language Unit of the Educational Services Section f the Training Division. Last monthsLanguage Phrase List was in Japanese: next month French will be listed. After exhausting the possibilities of thisphrase list, personnel interested in the Navy Language Program may familiarize themselves with the article, Lan-guage Program Expanded, in the March 15 issue of the TraDiv Letter, page 35 .

Yes SiI want QuieroNO Nocigarettesaccommodations acomodacionescigarrillos

to comerto sleepto bathe dormirWhat is bafiarmethis iQuB esesto?Do you speakthat LHabla ustedeso?

SpanishEnglish espafiol?inglks?Come outHow many i Venga!iCuantosmenwith you? con usted?HOW doyou Bay in LComo se dice enSpanish?I haveI have not No tengoI am thirstyI am hungry Tengo hambreI do understand EntiendoTengo sedI dont understand No-entiendoMan (Mister)Much SefiorMiss MuchoSefioritaI need Necesito

hombresespafiol?Tengo

asuita blanket un rajeuna fraeadaPlease Por favorHere AquiEnough BastanteHOW are you?Como estftusted?Verywellthank you MUY biengraciasand you? ?y usted?Good Evening Buenasardes(AfternoonyGood NightHello (Good day orGood Morning)My name is-What is vour- . name?-Until aterRainStarsIt is hotSunIt is coldWindWho?What?Where?When?Why?who, which, thatIEow many?BecauseHelp!

BuenasnochesBuenos diasicbm o se llamaMe llamo -usted?LluviaHasta luegoEstrellas \\Hace calorso1Hace frioVientoi Quikn?iQuC?iCuando?1Dbnde?icukntos?.Por qukQ u ePorquej Auxilio! (0 1

i Socorro!)LocationGo straight ahead Siga adelante

UsefulPhrasesThank you GraciasDont mention it De nadaUnderstand me? LMe entiende usted? May en-ti-en-dehGrah-see-ahsDay nah-dah

oos-ted

To the left A la iequierdaTo the right A la derecha

SeeNoKee-eh-rosee-gahr-ee1yo.sah-co-mo-dah-see-on-esaor-meerco-mairKay esbahn-yar-ma;les-toay-soAh-blah oos-tedes-pahn-yoleen-glehsVen-gahKwahn-tosom-brayscon oos-tedco-mo say dee se enNo ten-goTen-goTen-goahm-brayTen-go sedEn-tee-en-doNo en-tee-en-doSen-yorMoo-cho .Sen-yor-eel-tahNeh-seh-see-taoon trah-heh00-nah frah-sah-Por fah-vorbahs-tan-tehCo-mo es-tah .oo-stedgrah-see-ahsMoo-ee bn-enee oos-tedboo-en-as tar-days

es-pahn-yol

dahAh-key

boo-en-as no-chaysboo-en-os dee-ahsMav vah-moComo say yah-mahas-tah loo-ay-gooostedyoo-vee-ahEs-trel-yahsSolah-sehcah-lorah-seh free+Vee-en-toKev-en.KajrDon-deKwahn-doKwahn-tosPor-kayPor -kayKa?Ah-om-seel1ee-o(so-cor-roe)See-gah ah-deh-Ah lah ees-key-ehrAh lah day-ray-cha

Ian-taydah

Conjunctions 1 . PrepositionsAnd YAs comoBu t peroIf sior 0

What time is it?Is there time?It is noonMidnight1:00A. M.1:00 P. M.1:lO3:008:155:OO

7:4010 oo9:25ll:30

-From deeeco-mo

In en :iyInside dentro den-tropair-o on sobre so -braysee ToWith con ahkon0 Withoutineen

of de d9Y

TimeiQu6 hora es?iHay tiempo?Son las doce de .la

las docede lamafiana

La unanoche

La una de la tardede la mafianala una y die&las treslas cincolas ocho y quincelas dieelas siete y cuarentalas nueve yveinticincolas once y media

Day after tomorrow pasado mafianaDay before yester-Evening (after-NightNowYearMinuteMomentTodayTomorrow (alsoYesterdayWhen?sailsthe ship?

daynoon)

morning)

anteayerTardeNocheAhoraAfioMinutoMomentoHoy_MananaAyer;Cuandosaleel vapor?

Kay oh-rah essE y e tee-em-poson lahs do-seh dehlah man-yah-nalahs do-seh dehlahno-cheLah00-nah dehlah man-yah-nalah00-nah dehlah tar-delah00-naheedee-ehslahs traysslahs 0-cho ee keen-lahs seen-colahs dee-esslahs see-eh-teh eelahs nway-veh eekwah-ren-tahlahs on-say e mehvain-tee-seen-copah-sah-do man-dee-ahan-tay-ah-yairyah-natar-dayNo-cheAh-0-raAhn-yohMee-noo-toMomen-toOYMan-yah-nahAh-yayrKwahn-do

el vah-porsah-le

seh

question.)(?is is the usual order of verb andsubject n a SpanishPlaces To Go

Church Iglesia Ee-g1ay-see-ahCity or towniudad Si-00-dahdMarket MercadoPostoface Oflcina de correos Off-ee-see-nah-dayMair-cah-doStation co-ray-osEstacibnh-stah-see-onStreet Calle Kahl-yeTelephoneVillage TelkfonoPueblo Tay-lay-foh-nohBaker Pweb-loPanaderoBarber Peluquero Pah-nah-day-roGiveme a haircut C6r ne e1 pel0 Pay-loo-keroDance hall Cor-tay-me el pay-loDoctor Salbn de baileah-lon day by-lehDrug store MBdico May-dee-coBoticao-tee-cahMovieGarage Garage Gah-rah-hayCinemathgrafo See-nah-mah-M-Restaurantestaurantees-tah-oo-ran-teShoe storeTailor ZapateriaSastreahs-treh

0

gra-foSah-p%h-teh-ree-a.h

Page 15


18/68

Nautical Adjectives I MonthsSailor Mariner0m c e r OficialDock MuelleOcean MarCable CableChart MapaDepartPortharbor)uerto SalirShip BuqueSubmarineUniform SubmarinoUnif orme

Mah-ree-neh-ro0-fee-see-alMwe1-yehMahrCab'-blaySah-leerMah-paPwair-toBoo-kehSoob-mah-ree-no00-nee-for-meh

Long LargoShort CortoRed RojoGreen VerdeBlue AzulYellow AmarilloBlac!r NegroWhite BlancoBad MaloGood BuenoSmall PequedoSick EnfermoWell Bien

Lar-goCor-toRo-hoAh-sodVair-dehAh-mah-reel-yoNay-groB1an-coBoo-en-oMah-loPeh-kain-yoEn-fair-moBee-en

January Enero February Febrero Fay-brer-oAy-nay-roMarch Marm Mar-soApril Abril Ah-breelEe Mayo Mah-yoJuly Junio Hoon-ioJulio Hool-ioAugustgosto Ah-gosf-toSeptember Septiembre Sep-tee-em-brayOctober Octubre Oc-tmY-brayNovemberoviembre No-vee-em-brayDecember Diciembre Dee-see-em-bray

MilitaryMunicion Moo-nee-see-onCafionBombaorn-bahi Alto! i.Qui6n va? Al-to Kee-en vahCahn-yonParacaidas Pah-rah-cah-ee-Aeroplano dasRifle Ah-er-0-p1ah-nrGuerra Ree-flehGehr-ra

High Alto Al-to *Low Bajo Bah-ho I 1 Days of theeekCold Frio Free-oAmmunitionBombHalt! WhosCannonParachutethere?PlaneRifleWar

Wet Mojado Mo-hah-doHot Calienteah-li-en-tehDry SECO Say-koD~~ Dia Dee-ahMonthWeekSunday Doming0 Do-meen-go

Mes.esMonday Lunes Loo-nes

Semana Say-mah-nahTuesday Martes Mar-tesPronouns.IYouHe 81 elSaturday Sftbado Sah,bah-doShella Friday Viernes Vee-air-nessHis, her,ers su so 0Thursday Jueves Way-vess

MeThey ellos el-yosmiMY meemi mee HumanBody

usted oos-tedYO YO WednesdayMiercoles Mee-air-koh-lays

NumbersOne.12345687910121113141615

1817

20192130403250608070901001651000

-half un mediounotresdoscuatrocincoseissieteochonueveoncediezdocetrecequincecatorcediez y seisdiez y sietediez y ochodiez y nueveveinteveintiunotreintatreinta y doscuarentacincuentasetentasesentaochentaciennoventaciento sesentamilcinco

oon may-dee-oh00-nodostraysskwah-troseen-cosay-issee-eh-tehnway-vehdee-esson-saytray-sehdo-sehcah-tor-sehkeen-sehdee-ess ee say-is,dee-esa eesee-eh-tehdee-ess ee nway-vehdee-ess ec o-chovain-tehtrain-tahvain-tee-00-nokwah-ren-tahtrain-tah ee dosseen-kwen-tahSav-sen-tahsay-ten-tah0-chen-tahno-ven-tahsee-ensee-en-to say-senmeeltah ee seen-co

O-ChO

We mionosotros no-s6-trome6-oYour su so0Our Nuestro Noo-ess-TheirThese Estos E 9 - b ~s u SO0

tro

MoneyDollar PesoCent Centavo Sen-tah-voPay-so50 cents CinCUenta sin-kwen-tahHow ~C ua nt o? Kwahn-toCentavos sen-tah-vosmuch?

BrazoEspaldaCuerpoOrejaDedoo j oPiePel0ManoPiernaCabezaBocaPescuezoNarizDientes

Brah-soEs-pah1-dahKwair-po0-ray-hahOh-hohDay-doPee-ayPay-loCah-bag-sahMah-noPee-air-nahPes-kway-soBo-cahNah-reesDee-en-tess

, ArmBackBodyEarFingerFootHairHandHeadLegNeckMouthNoseTeeth

Eye

DistancesDistances are often given in kilometers, not miles. One kilometer equals y8of a mile.

InchKilometersFootMile

Kildmetros Kee-lo-may-trosPulgada Pool-gah-dahPieMilla - Pee-ayMil-yah

Illnesses;.Esta Vd. enfermo? es-tah oos-ted&toy enfermo. es-toy en-fair-moeen-fair-moeTengo un doloraqui. teng-goe oon do-i Acuestese! lorah-kee.ah-kwes-tay-sayNecesito unpurgante nay-say-see-toe oonpoor-gahn-tay*me quinina day-may key-nee-

I am sick. Areyou sick?I have a pain hereLie down!I need a purgativeGive me some

Y

Food, Drink,TobaccoCuchilloTenedorCucharaUna tazade cafe

de teUn vas0de cervezaFrijolesPanMantequillaHuevos,PescadoLecheCarnePapasArrozAgua potabl

Tay-nay-dorOo-nah tab'-sahCoo-chah-rah

day tayday kah-fayaoo-cheel-yoOon vah-sod&y sair-vaysakFree-ho-lesMahn-tay-kee:-yahPahnWay-vosPays-cab'-doCahr-neLay-chePah-pasAh-rohsAh-gwah po-co-mee-dahtah-bleFos-fo-rosNah-rahn-hasPee-pahAh-soo-carSahlTo-mah-tesTah-bah-koVee-no

KnifeSpoonA cupFork

of eaof coffeeof beerA glassBeansBreadButter2

Chillsquinine. EscalofriosResfriadoContagiosoEhfermedadIndigestionInfluenzaMedicinaVeneno;envenenamiento

nah . .ress-free-ah-does-kah-lo-free-oscon-tah-hee-oh-soeen-fair-may-dadeen-dee-hes-tee-oneen-floo-en-sahmay-dee-see-nahvay-nay-noeen-vay-nay-nah-mee-en-toe

ColdIllness:ContagiousInfluenzaIndigestionPoison:Medicinepoisoning

AccidentsandWoundseatMilkPotatoes Are youhurt?My arm is broken iEs t& usted.lastimado? es-tah 00s-tedlahs-tee-mah-doeEsta roto (or que- es-tahoh-toebrado) mi brazo (keh-brah-doe)Rice dishDrinking water eFoodMatchesOrangesPipeSaltSugarTobaccoTomatoesWine

mee brah-soeEstoy herido es-toy air-ee-doeen la cabezaen el pie en ell pee-ayen 1ah cah-bay

ComidaFosforosNaranjasPipaSalAzucarTomatesTabacoVino

I am woundedin he ootin the headaqufuna herida? ven-dar oo-nah

ah-keyah~PuedeVd. vendarway-day 00s-tedan you dress a

herewound?

Aspirin Aspirina ahs-pee-ree-nahair-ee-dahPage 16


19/68

"Official U.S. Navy Photographs.Under. Navy's new recognition system, planes are recognized at flying angles ilz one sevelzty-fifth ofa secolzdm d ships on glaring water can be ii-dentifiedaftera 1-second glance.

T he New Recognition SystemMethodMakesPossibleSplit-Second "Identification in AutomaticFashion

The Navy has adopted anew Systemfor recognizingenemy craft, essen-tially a method f muscular eye train-ing to teach men toknow a total ob-ject after only a flash view.Known as the OfficialU. S. NavyRecognition System, the new methodis now being taught to all Navy menaboardcombatships, a t shoresta-tions and n rain ing schoolswhichpreparemenor eaduty. Officerinstructors in the new skill a r e beingtrained a t Ohio State University, Co-lumbus, Ohio.The system, worked out by psychol-break of war, replaces th e method inogists and Navy men since the out-general use of teaching men to distin-guish friend from foe by recognizingseparate features of enemy craft andequipment.Under the new method,men aretrained to recognize the enemy in afraction of a second from the totalimage, just as a child may learn toread a whole word a t a time insteadof reading each letter which forms aword. It i s considered both asterand more accurate than he olderWEFT system, primarily because rec-ognition is based on an instinctivemuscular reaction rat her than on aconscious mental process of addingtogethersuchfeatures as wing andtail or turrets and tacks.The training school for instructorsof the Official Navy Recognition Sys-tem has beenopen since September1942 when it was established by th eBureau of Aeronautics or the meninnavalaviation. mmediate inter-national nterest was drawn to he

training enter as menrom t h eUnited States Army and the armiesand navies of other United Nationscame to studyhe new method.In a short time t he school was putunder the more general cognizance ofthe Bureau of Naval Personnel andthe coursewas expanded to includethe recognition of shipand groundequipment as well as planes. Today,instructors rained a t Columbus areaboard all the majo r combat ships ofthe United Sta tes Fleet and in manyof the training centers. The ultimategoal is to reach every man in theNavy,both new and old, and train him inth e new method of recognition.The basic equipment used in hetraining is a collection of 2,000 slideswhich present 168 different objectsfrom every angle rom which theymight enter th e field of vision. Theseslides are shown from a projector witha flashmeter which regulates thelength of time the image is thrown onthe screen. The ntroductory speedforairplaneshots is one-fifth of asecond and for ships, 3 seconds.Atthe end of the full 120-hour course,planes a re recognized a t flying anglesinpone seventy-fifth of a second andships on glaring water can be identi-fied after a 1-second glance.Daily sessions with these slides sotrain the tudent's eyes th at th emageand its combat significance ar e liter-ally hammered into the mind. At thesame ime, other slides are used toenlarge the normal rangeof vision soth at objects to the ide of th e observercan be seen and recognized as quicklyas those stra ight ahead. The device

used to accomplish this is a series ofnumbers flashed on the screen. Thelearner is taught to ook at thecenterof t he series and expand his vision sotha t he can see the numbers on bothends at thesame time.In addition to these two basic ele-ments in th e raining, men are givenlecturesoneach ype of ship,plane orarmored equipment as it is introducedto them. They are also shown movies,slides, andhartsndre givenmodels to study so that recognition ofan objectbrings utomaticunder-standing of its combat characteristics.S u c h instantaneous recognitionmay often save the life of a pilot ora ship n combat when the enemy mayappearfromany direction. Men onthe groundanellwhether ap-proachingplanesor a distant ankcolumn are hostile or friendly andmen on ships during a fight can tellwhether th e plane swooping ow onthe port beam is an attacker or adefender. Accurate recognition at adistance is one of t he most importantelements of the ent ire ystem.The recognition instructors traineda t Ohio Sta te University are all pre-pared to serve inother capacitiesaboard ship, and their retraining ofmen in the new system is only one oftheir duties.They carry boardspecial ki t with the slides, projectors,andother equipment necessary totrain he ship's complement. It isexpected that these officerswill re-main a permanent part of th e ship'sstaff to help hemen etain heirrecognition skill throughonstantpractice.

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1 THE MONTHS NEWS E Allies Take All North Africa;E Bombing Raids on Ezcrope Stepped Up;I (Period of April 21 Through M a y 20 ) U. . Attacks Japs on AttuT he WarThe endcamequickly in Africa.How fast is shown by this list ofnewspaperheadlines:May1-Axis Drive Developing inTunisia.May 3-U. S. Troops, in UphillFight, Gain on Bizerte.May-Yanks CaptureMateur,Enter Tunis Plain.May5-Allies Within Gun Rangeof Rizerte.May 153 ColumnsDrive on Bi-zerte; Nazis Face Tebourba Trap.Mas 7-Axis PlanesDrivenFromTunisian Skies.May 8-U. S. Troops Take Bizerte:British Occupy Tunis; Cornered AxisForces Flee Toward Cap Bon Underthe Greatest Aerial Barrage in His-tory.tives; 400 U. S. Planes Blast Key Si-May10-Allies Take 50,000 Cap-cilian Port.May 11-Allies Driving to Seal CapBon; Fleeing Troop Barges Sunk.May12-Nazi Troops GiveUp toFrench: 20,000 More SurrenderonCap mn .Mas 13-All Enemy Resistance inTunisia Ceases; Von Arnim Taken..May 14-Total Number of PrisonersNears 175,000; Violence Spreading inEurope.Page 18

Allied armies last month ended the3-year-old battle for Africa in vic-tory, driving the Axis completely outof the dark continentwi th the cap-ture of the last remaining enemy po-sitions nTunisia. No Axis forcesremain i n North Africa who are notprisoners in our hands, said an Al-lied communique. Some 267,000 Ger-mans and Italians were taken pris-oner in the closing days of the cam-paign, includingCol. Gen. Jurgen vonArnim, German. commander in chief.Vast quantities of Axis supplies andequipment-much of it serviceable-were taken.As Africa fell, the United States at-tacked in the North Pacific, invadingthe Japanese-held island of Attu inthe Aleutians. Army troops anded

aCASUALTY FIGURES

Casualtiesamongnavalpersonnelthrough May 20 totaled 24,006. Thetotals since Dec. 7, 1941:U .S. avy 5,593 2,227 9,904 17,724Dead Wnded Missing TotalU. S. MarineCorps _ _ _ _ 1,566 2,447 2,011 6,024U.S. CoastGUUd- 78 225858

7,237 4,696 12,073 24,006

under the protection of warships andplanes. As the Information Bulletinwent to press, the Japanese had beentegic island and United States forcesdriven into a small corner of the st ra-were closing in.There werealso promises of moreoffensive action against the JapaneseBritish Prime Minister Churchill-inWashington for his fourth conferencwith PresidentRoosevelt since the be-ginning of th ewar-declared n aspeech before Congress that Brita inwould fight side by side with theUnited States in the Pacific until Ja-pans cities lie in ashes-for in ashesthey must surely lie. Meeting wi t htheheads of the two governmentswere high-ranking military and navalleaders, including those from the FarEast.Perhaps foreshadowing new devel-opments in the Far Eastwas a meet-ing between Gen. Douglas MacArthurand Admiral William P.Halsey.In Europe, a three-pronged air of-fensive against the Axis was in prog-ress. By day, Americanlanespounded enemy objectives all over thecontinent; at night the RAF followedu p The Russiansoinedwith airraids on important industrial centersin the east. Armadas of planes num-bering in he hundredswere poundingindustrial area,s andports in Ger-


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many, Italy, France,Norway, the LowCountries,oland, Czechoslovakia,and the Balkans.On Sunday, May 9,more than 400Americanlyingortresses, BillyMitchells, andMartinMaraudersraided the important city of Palermoon thenorthern coast of Sicily. Itwas escribed ashegreatest all-American raid in history.Inanotherdaring aid, he RAFmined and blew up two of Germanyslargest dams in the important Ruhrand WeserValleys. Fordays floodwaters roared hrough thewo valleys,damaging vital power plants and in-dust rial centers, destroying communi-cations and leaving a reported 120,-000 persons homeless.Fighting still was in progress on vir-tually heentire Russian front. nthe Novorossisk sector, Soviet artilleryand infantry ontinued to pound Ger-man blockhouse and trench positions.A new Russian thrusthurled backGerman armor in the Lower Donetsarea between Kharkov andRostov.TheJapanese moved forwardontwo fronts in the FarEast. I n NorthHunan Province, fightingcontinuedunababed for Chinas rice bowl. InBurma, British and Indian troops fellback to within a few miles from theIndia rontierunder apanese t-tacks. The monsoons, beginningwithin a few days, were expected tohalt any further and operations inBurma.72

United States Army Air Forces inChina have destroyed Japanese air-craft at th erate of 19 to 1 inai rcombat and much better n the ag-July 4, 1942. This was reported bygregate since beginning operationsLt. Col. HerbertMorgan, ssistantchief of staff and operations officerfor he 14th Air Force, onhis e-turn to Washingtona

A light United States patrol forcean d a Japanese fleet foughta 3%-hour engagement west of Attu- Islandin he AleutiansMarch 26 it wasannouncedastmonth. hell itswerescored on twoheavy Japanesecruisers nd oneight ruiser. Atleast one orpedo hi t was scored ona Japanese heavy cruiser before theenemy withdrew. United Statescasualties were light, as was damageto vessels. a

Thereatest success againstenemy ubmarines thus ar n hewar was reported May 12 by theBritishAdmiralty following an 8-day batt le between Allied escort shipsand planesgainst pack of asmany as 20 Axis U-boats attackingan Atlantic convoy. Said the Ad-miralty: Four U-boats are known tohave been sunk,four veryprobablywere destroyed and two others prob-ably weredestroyed. Themajority

Official U. S. Army Signal Corps Radio Telepholo.THE PROUD AFRIKA CORPS: Some 267,000 Axis troops were takemprisomer when Africa fell to the Allies last month. The Naz i soldiersabove were part of theenemy colztingemt captured when BritishandAmerican forces t o o k Bizerte.of the ships in the convoy were saidto have reached pbrt in Safety.

- aThe French Cruiser, Georges Ley-gues , operating out of Dakar, recent-ly sank a large German submarinesupply ship, returning oport wi th90 prisoners. The supply ship re-portedly was enroute to Japan.*From London, the United Press re-ported a Halifax bomber managed toget home somehow after the follow-ing hingshadhappened o it: (1)One propeller was shot away by anti-aircraft fire; (2) It went over on itsback and the other motors quit; (3)It had flak in the wings, ailerons and$uselage; (4) The astro-dome wasshot off. The bombdoorswouldntcloseecause the hydraulics weregone; (5 ) A parachuteore loose,rolled against th e control panel andturned off all th e planes lights whenit wasoverCologne; (6) The flightengineer fell part way through heastro-domeopening andhung headdown from the cowling; ( 7) The reargunner was trappedn isurretwhen the doors jammed and had tohack his way outwith an axe; (8 )The plane dived from 18,000 o 4,000feet.

by the end of 1941 totaled $36,000,-German plunderinoccupied Europe000,000, the greatest loot in history,

and is continuing at a rate of tensof billions of do!lars a year, reportedthe Board of Economic Warfare.aThe Army revealed th at LockheedLightningFighters (P-38s) are nowbeing lown under heir ownpowerfrom factories to European and Afri-can combat zones via the North andSouth Atlantic. aThe United States severed politicalrelationsand erminatedall agree-ments with Martinique and recalledU. S.Consul General Marcel E. Malige.A note delivered to the HighCom-missioner of t he island said he UnitedStates will not recognize or negotiatewith any French epresentative in theAntilles who remains. subservient toor maintains contact with the Vichyregime. aSix weeks a fter the U. S.-British-Canadian ntisubmarine onferenceat Washington; U. S. anC Canadiannaval officials announced a plan toprotect he NorthAtlanticshippinglaneswith an umbrella of planes.The plan calls for U. S.,Canadian, andBritish planes accompanying convoysto combat German submarines,aRussian Premier Joseph Stalin saidin a May Day order of the day that

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Official U.S. Army Signal Corps Radio Telephoto.SUNKEN TALIAN SHIP: Allied bombers blasted this big ememy uesselam! sent her ouer om her side im the Harbor o f Bizerte just before theimportant city fell to the Allies. This harbor cam mow be used by theBritish am! Americam Navies f o r further offensiues agaimst the Axis.

the RussianWinterCampaign, theAfricancampaign and Anglo-Amer-ican air raids on Axis objectives haveshaken the Hitlerites war machineto its foundations and created th epreliminary conditions necessary forvictory. aLt. Gen. Frank M. Andrews, U. S.commander in the European theater,and Methodist Bishop Adna WrightLeonard werekilled with 11 othersinanairplanecrash n Iceland.aThe names of three Allied shipssunk by Japanese aircraftoff Guadal-canal April 7 were isclosed: The1,700-tonU. S. destroyer Aaron Ward;the U. S. tanker Kanawha, and theNew Zealand orvette Moa. Alliedfighters shot down 39 of the 98 attack-ing enemy planes.aThe OWI reported tha t of 400 sol-diersburned by flaming oil in heNorth African occupation, plasma andspeed of treatment saved th e livesof all but 6. aNo oneaboard a U. S. merchantvessel sailing the Caribbean wouldsleep on the hatch over t he five-hold.Men whispered that he five-hold,

af tand usually a favored leepingplace, was jinxed. As the shipnearedthe end of her 40,000-mile cruise aGerman orpedo mashed into hePage 20

five-hold, blew the hatch to splinters.All crew members were rescued. Afew were injured.The NavyThe Navys chain of inland supplydepots, situated at strategicpots overthe country, has been completed withthe commissioning of the Naval Sup-uls Deuot a t Clearfield, Utah. It isthe largest such unitwest of the Mi!sissippi. The nland depots serve z

RickenbackerWasOn FunafutiIt was to the tiny island of

Funafut i n he Ellice Islandsthat Navy rescuers took Capt.Eddie Rickenbacker and his sixcompanions when they werepicked up following their 21days on rubber raf ts in the Pa-cific.Funafuti is the largest of 30islets comprising the Funafutiatoll in theEllices.Col. Hans Chris tianAdamson,w i t h Captain Rickenbackerwhen hisplane was forced toland n he sea, revealed thatNavy hospital corpsmenwere onthe island when they werelanded and saved my life wi thblood plasma.

2-LS

reservoirs for all types or naval sup-plies from which stocks of supplyactivities along the seacoasts arereplenished. A 1 1 a r e strategicallylocated.The most complete chart of. Ant-arctica and the southern Polaregionsever issued has been released by theHydrographic Office. It includes allinformation previously published anda great deal never published before,including data from all expeditions.aThe Navys program of indoctr ina-tionrainingor officersommis-sioned from civilian life is to be modi-fied and revised in order to correlateit with the new V-12 college trainingprogram. Collegeswill provide themajority of officers of the Naval Re-serve and the number t o be commis-sioned directly from civilian life willdecrease sharply. Theumber ofschools used for indoctrinal trainingwill be reduced to four.aThe Navy program fo r placingwomen reserves in th e hospital corpsgains momentum. In the ast monthat least 600 candidates were put intoorientation classes and 115 graduateswere assigned to their first duties atshore establishments throughout thecountry. Already 420 women re-serves have received ratings n hehospital corps. More than 1,100women have been accepted fortraining. 72Increasinglyreaterumbers ofNegroes areentering heNa v Ythrough Selective Service procedures.It is expected that approximately 15percent of the men to be inducted thisyear willbe members of the Negrorace. a

Waterproof envelopes of a new typewhichompletelyrotect enclosedpapers when totally ubmerged inwater have been perfected and are tohe used for shipping documents andconsignments of materials overseas.aPurchases of War Bonds by naval675,573, almost $3,000,000 higher tha npersonnel during April otaled $21,-the previous record set in December1942. a

Representatives of some 150 col-leges and universities met with navalauthorities May 14-15 to discuss theNavyCollege TrainingProgram atColumbiaUniversity in- New York.The program begins July 1.The Home Front

Six thousand two hundred planes,500 of them heavy bombers, was theproduction record sety American in-dustry n March.Other ecords asreported by SecretaryKnoxnd


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Donald M. Nelson, head of t he WarProduction Board: Liberty ships ex-ceeded a 100-a-month rate or hefirst time; the number of new vesselsof all classes, except landingcraft,completed by the Navy during thefirst 4 months of this year, was equiv-alent to a 25-percent increase in thenumerical strengthof the fleet an d itsauxiliaries over January 1 of thisyear; combat aircraf t delivered to th eNavy during April ranntoourfigures for the first time.Quotes of the Month

An American staff officer in Africaon th e collapse of Axis armies in Tuni-sia: When the big attack came offthey obligingly let us go through theirinfantry without opposition. But in-stead of trying to smash on forwardagainst their. antitank guns as theyhoped we would, we just swung ourtanksaroundand bagged their n-fan try in ne big pocket and cut themto pieces. Then we worked them oversome more wi th our artillery, and thenext thing there as a lineof Germangenerals knocking at our door readyto surrender.$3SecretaryKnox:Theour atwhich we shall strike at his (enemy)main fortifications, both in mro p ean d Asia, draws near.$3Vice President Henry A. Wallace:Americanboys haveagain provedthei r mettle--this time. in Tunisia.Africa has been won. The fortress ofEurope lies ahead.aO W I Director Elmer Davis: Someday-notoon-butome ay-thewhole master race will do what itsAfrican army did-decide tha t it islicked andquit . . . No terms orthe enemy except unconditional sur-render.$3Secretary Knox: We are buildingthis Navy not alone for the purposeof winning the war, but for reservingthe ensuing peace as well. If we wantAmerica to live in a world of peace,we must finda way tomaintain aworld in which aggressive war is not

likely. We must back our pledgeswith brute force.$3Miscellany

At the Charleston, S. C., Navy Yardsailors found a newuse for th e Li-brarys recordplayer,purchased toprovide recorded symphonies. It wasbeing used to play recorded greetingsfrom the girls back home.For exceptional service at th eDutch Harbor Naval Base, Minnie, aterrier, has been officially elevated tothe rating of Mascot, IC ,by the Sea-bees, Only mother in he Seabee

Official U.S. A r m y Signal Corps Radio Telephoto.H O W AMERICANS CLEANED O U T SNIPERS: Talzks preceded Amer-ica@ forces ilzto Africa@ cities ilz search of snipers. Voiulzteer nfantrym m crawled behilzd them to fircish the job .Battalion,Minniepresentedhership- Memflite,publication of th e U. S.

a steaming kettle outf the mess kitch-The Cloud Buster, publication of t he en when an ensign stopped them-U. S. Navy Pre-Flight School at Said he: Get me a Spoon. A spoonChapel Hill, N.C., eported a novel was Produced. he tasted the contentsmethod for. teachingadetsadiond spat disgustedly, growling:code.While practicing receiving, th e you call that soup?, sir,, replieddays news is sent to the cadets, per-mitting them to keer, abreast of cur- One Of the meSS cooks timidly, We callrent eventswhile tcey learn code. that dishwater.~~~~ ~ ~~~~ I~ ~~~

Wave Washes Seaman Off Ship;Second W a v e Tosses Him On AnotherJohn Andrew Urtchok, S ~ C ,SNR, f New York City, had jus t inishedevening chow and was making his way aft to the crews quarters viathe torpedo deck and aft erdeck house to escape the foul weather.Jus t as he arrived at th e after gun, a mountainous wave hit thevessel, sweeping Urtchok overboard.The waves ooked like three-story buildings, the seaman oldshipmates ater.Just before darkness, second destroyerwith her earchlighttrained on the seaman closed in, hoping to throw him a line. As thestern slid by, Urtchok was lifted by a wave, slammed on the fantailof the destroyer and was grabbed by a seaman who had been aidingin the rescue efforts.

Even with the life ring, I thought I wasnt going to be home again,Said Urtchok when it was all over (4 0 minutes after it began) :ever.

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Navy Department CommuniquesN o . 351: April 21,1943

South Pacific (Dat es East Longi-

1. OnApril 19: (a ) Flying fortress(Boeing B-17) heavy bombers at-tacked Japanesepositions at Kieta, onBougainville Island.(b ) Avenger (Grumman TBF) tor-pedo bombers attacked the Japaneseairfield a t Kahili, in heShortlandIsland area.( c ) A second formation of Avengersattacked Japanese shipping at Tono-lei Harbor,onBougainville sland.A direct hit was scoredn onefreighter and several near hits werescored on a second freighter.

tude) :2. On April 20,a force of Avengersand Dauntless (Douglas) light bomb-ers bombed Japanese installations atMunda, inheCentral Solomons.Several antiaircraft positions weresilenced and a large fire was started.

North Pacific:tions a t Kiska were attacked 15 times3. On April 19, Japanese installa-by formations of Army planes. Lib-erator (Consolidated B-24) heavybombers, Mitchell North AmericanB-25) medium bombers, and Light-ning (Lockheed P-38) and Warhawk(Curtiss P-40) ighters carried outthese raids. The bombing and straf-ing attacks were made at varying al-

THIS G L O B A L M A P s h o w s last mortths activity in the Pacific usartnounced in N a v y Departmemt commurtiques.

titudes and resulted in numerous hitson the main camp area, the runwayand defensive positions. Fires werealso started.NO. 52: April 22,1943

South Pacific (Dates East Longi-1. OnApril 20: During the night,Liberator (C o n s o 1 d a t e d ) heavybombersbombed Japanese nstalla-tions n Numa Numa Harbor, Bou-gainville Island.Badweatherpre-vented observation of results.2. On April 21: A large force ofArmy bombers carried out a daylightbombing attack on Nauru Island, inthe Gilbert Island Group.In spite of heavy antiaircraft fire

and defending ighterplanesmuchdamage was done to Japanese instal-lations. United States pilots shotfighters. All United Sta tes planes re-down ive and possibly evenZeroturned.North Pacific:

3. On April 20 : Japanese installa-tions at Kiska were attacked 10 timesby formations of Army planes. Lib-erator h e a v y bombers, Mitchell(Northmerican B-25) mediumbombers and Warhawk (Curtis P-40)fighters carrieduthese raids.Strafing romvariousaltitudes wascarriedutnonjunction withbombing. Hits were scoredon therunway and camp area.

tude) :

N o . 353: April 23,1943Sout h Pacific (Dates East Longit ude) :

1. On April 21: (a) A group ofUnited States fighter planes strafedJapanese positions in he Bougain-ville Stra it area . Enemy installationsnear Cape Alexander, on Choiseul IS-land, were also bombed.( b ) During the night , Flying for-tress (Boeing l3-17) and Liberator(Consolidated B-24) heavybombers,supported byAvenger (GrummanTBF) torpedo bombers, attacked Po-porang Island in the Shortland Islanarea. Two of the many fires whichwere started were visible for 40 miles.(c ) During the same night,Avengertorpedo bombers attacked an enemycargo shipnear Buin in the ShortlandIsland area. Enemy fighter intercep-but it is believed hits were scored ontion prevented observation of results,the ship. All United States Planesreturned.2. On April 22: During the earlymorning a group of enemy bombersraided Funafuti, United States occu-pied position inhe Ellice Islandgroup. Light casualties t o personnel

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Th e No rt h acific area,whereU. . hoops are om the offemsiue.were suffered and minor damage wasinflicted.

No. 354: April 24, 1943South Pacific Dates East Longitude):

1. On April 2 2 : ( a )During the aft-ernoon, Avenger (Grumman TBF)torpedo bombers attacked apaneseinstallations at Munda in the CentralSolomons.Bombswere dropped onthe runway and antiaircraf t Positionswere silenced.(lj)Later the same afternoon, Cor-sair (Vought F4U) fighters arriedout a strafing attack on Munda andsetireohree grounded enemyplanes.( c ) Following the straAng of theMunda area, the Corsairs raided Vjla,on Kolombangara Island in the NewGeorgia group.( d ) Duringhe ight, Liberator(Consolidated B - 2 4 ) heavybombersbombed Kahili in the Shortland Is-land area.(e ) All United States planes re-turned rom he above attack mis-sions.2. On April 2 3 : During. the early

morning,DauntlessDouglas) divebombers, escorted by Corsair fighters,bombed and strafed, Japanese Posi-tions at Rekata Bay, on Santa IsabelIsland. All United States planesre-turned.No . 355: April 25,1943

South Pacific (Dates East Longitude):1.On April2 4 : During themorning,Avenger torpedo bombers (GrummanTBF) andDauntless dive ombers

(Douglas) escorted by Wildcat fight-ers (GrummanF 4 F ) , attacked Mundaon New Georgiasland.Buildingswere destroyed, a large fire wasstarted,anda heavy explosionwasobserved.North Pacific:2. On April 2 4 : Despitebad wea-heed P-38) bombed and strafedKiskather, Army Lightning fighters (Lock-during the morning.Results werenot observed.

No . 356: April 26,1943South Pacific (DatesEast Longitude)

1. OnApril 25 , during he earlymorning, roup of fourCorsair

(Vought F 4 U ) fightersstrafed Jap-Island, in the Central olomons.anese installations on Kolombangara2. Later the ame groupof Corsairssightkd and attacked 10 enemy bomb-ers, escorted by 20 Zeros, 9 5 milesnorthwest of LungaPoint, on Gua-dalcanal sland.During the erialcombat which followed 5 Zeros wereshot down. Two United States planesfailed to return.

No . 357: April 27, 1943South Pacific (DatesEast Longitude) :

1. On April 2 6 , during heearlysolidated E - 2 4 ) heavybombers at-morning, a group of Liberator (Con-tacked Japanese positions at Kahiliin the Shortland Island area.North Pacific:2. OnApril 2 5 : (a) During thewere attacked 13 times by formationsday, Japanese installations at KiskaofArmy planes. Liberatoreavybombers,Mitchell NorthAmericanB - 2 5 ) medium bombers nd Warhawk(Curtiss P-40) and Lightning (Lock-heed P-38) fightersparticipated inthese raids. Although bomb hits were

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made on enemy positions, poor visi-bility prevented complete observationof results.Liberators attacked Attu Island and( b ) On the same day, a group ofscored hits on the runway and otherinstallations.

No. 358: April 28,1943South Pacific (DatesEast Longitude):

1. On April 27 : ( a )During the earlymorning a group of Liberator (Con-solidated B - 2 4 ) heavybombers at-tacked Japanesenstallations atKahili and Ballale in the ShortlandIsland area andat Vila in the CentralSolomons. Fires were started at Bal-lale and at Vila.( b ) Later in the morning, five Fly-ing ortress (Boeing B-17) heavybombers carried out a second attackon Kahili. Poor visibility preventedobservation of results.North Pacific:2. On April 26, formations of Armyplanes carried out 11 attacks againstJapanesenstallations at Kiska.Liberator heavybombers and Mitchell(Northmerican B-25) mediumbombers, Lightning (Lockheed P-38)and Warhawk (Curtiss P-40) ightersparticipated in these raids. Hits werescored in the enemy main camp area,on the runway, and number ofbuildings were destroyed.Damagewas also inflicted onNorth Head.Canadian pilots, flying Warhawks,executed two otherattacks.

No. 359: April 29,1943South Pacific (DatesEast Longitude):

1. OnApril 23, a orce of Armybombers attacked theJapaneseairbase at Tarawa in theGilbert Islands.Extensive damage to enemy installa-tions was indicated. Enemy fighteropposition and antiaircraft fire wasencountered,but all United Statesplanes returned.dated -24) heavy bombers attacked2. On April 28, Liberator (Consoli-Japanese nstallations a t Kahili intheShortland sland rea nd atVila in heCentral Solomons. Re-sults were unobserved.North Pacific:3. On April 24, during the morning,United Statesurfacenits bom-barded apanese positions at HoltzBay and at Chichagof Harbor, AttuIsland. Several fires were started bythe bombardment. No enemy gun firewas encountered. No further detailshave been reported.4. On April 27, despite bad weather,Army LightningLockhead P-38)fighters carried out one attack againstJapanese installations at Kiska. Re-sults were not observed.

N o . 360: April 30,1943South Pacific (DatesEast Longitude):

1. On April 28, during the morning,a Japanese patrol of one officer andPage24

Shortland slandarea. A large fire

Action on Attu was reported hismonth ila Commuw iques 357, 359,363,368,370,371,376,380,381,382,383,384.eight men, attempting to escape fromGuadalcanal, was interceptedndwiped out by United States troops inthe vicinity of Beaufort Bay, on thewestern coast of Quadalcanal Island.2. On April 29: ( a )During the earlymorning, flying fortress (BoeingB-17) heavy bombers ombed theJapanese-held area a t Kahili in theShortland Island area. Poor visibilityprevented observation of results.

( b ) Later in the morning, avenger(Grumman TBF) torpedo bombersandDauntless Douglas SBD) ivebombers, escorted by Lightning(Lockheed P-38) and Corsair (VoughtF4U) fighters, bombed Japanese n-stallations at Gatere on thesouth-western coastof Kolombangara Islandin heCentral Solomons.An anti-aircraft position and a pier were de-stroyed.( c ) During the afternoon, a groupof Avenger torpedo bombers andDauntless dive bombers, wi th Light-ning and Corsair scort, attacked Pel-peli, two milesnorthwest of Gatere onKolombangarasland. A fire wasstarted.( d ) Aformation of Avenger tor-pedo bombers and Dauntless divebombers, supported by Wildcat(Grumman F4F) fighters, ttackedJapanese positions a t Munda in theCentral Solomons. Hits were scoredon the runway,on the revetment areaand on an antiaircraftposition.(e) All United States planes re-turned rom he above attack mis-sions.

No. 61: May 1,1943South Pacific (Dates Eastongi-

1. *On April 29 : (a ) During theB-24) heavy bomber ombed Jap-evening,LiberatorConsolidatedanese installationsa t Numa Numa onIsland.thenortheast coast of Bougainville( b ) During thenight, a group ofLiberatoreavy bombers attackedKieta on the northern coast of Bou-gainville Island. Two of the fourfireswhich were started were visible for 50miles.2. On April 30: ( a )During the earlymorning, a group of Flying Fortress(Boemg E 1 7 1 heavy bombers raidedJapanese positions at Kahili n the

tude):

was started.( b ) Later in the morning, a forma-tion of Avenger (Grumman TBF) tor-pedo bombers and Dauntless (DouglasSBD) dive bombers, escorted by Air-acobra ( B e 1 1 P-39) and Wildcat(Grumman F4F) fighters, bombedand strafed Japanese installations atVila in the Central olomons.( c ) During the evening,Corsair(Vought F4U) fighters strafedheJapanese-held area at Rekata Bay onthenorthern coast of San ta IsabelIsland.3. All United States planes returnedfrom the above operational missions.

No. 362: May 2,1943South Pacific (Dates East Longitude):

1. On April 30: During the morningAvenger (Grumman TBF) torpedobombers and DauntlessDouglasSBD)iveombers, escorted byCorsairVought F4U) fighters , t-tacked Japanese positions a t Mundain the Central Solomons.North Pacific:

2. OnApril 30, Army Lightning(Lockheed P-38) fighters carried outtwo attacks on Japanese installationsat Kiska.Hitswerescored but badweather prevented complete observa-tion of results.N o . 363: May 3,1943

South PacificSDates East Longitude)1. On May2, during theday, a forceof Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedobombers, escorted by Wildcat (Grum-man F4F) fighters, bombed Japanese

installations at Munda in the CentralSolomons. Hits were .scoreon heairfield, on the runway and n herevetment areas.North Pacific:

2. OnMay 1, formations of Armyplanes carried out 13 attacks againstator (ConsolidatedB-24) heavy bomb-Japanese positions a t Kiska.Liber-ers, Mitchell (North American B-25)medium bombers, andightning(Lockheed P-38) and Warhawk (Cur-tiss P-40) fightersarticipated inthese raids. A heavy explosionwasobserved in he vicinity of NorthHead. The runwaywasamaged,fires were started and heavysmokewas seen in other areas.3. On the same day, Liberatorheavy-bombers droppedbombs on theenemy target areas a t Holtz Bay andChichanof Harbor on Attu Island.

No. 364: May 4,1943South Pacific(Dates East Longitude):

1. United States forces are estab-lished on the Russell Is lands, north-west of Guadalcanal sland.Theseislands were occupied without opposi-tion in Februaryometime afterenemy resistance had ceased onGuadalcanal.


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2. On May 2, in he fternoon,Avenger (Grumman TBF) torpedobombers, escortedby Wildcat (Grum-man F4F) ighters, bomber Japaneseinstallations at Munda, in the CentralSolomons.and Dauntless (Douglas SBD)ive3. On May 3, a force of Avengersbombers, escorted by Wildcat, Way-hawk (Curtiss P-40),and Lightning(Lockheed P-38)ighters, bombedand strafed Japanese installations a tRekata Bay, on Santa Isabel Island.Defense positions were hit anda largefire was started. All United Statesplanes returned.North Pacific:

4. On May 2 , formations of ArmyplanesarriedutightttacksMitchellNorthmerican-25)against Japanese positions at Kiska.medium bombers and Warhawk andLightningightersarticipated inthese raids. Hits were scored onNorth and S

all hands naval bulletin - jun 1943

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