all hands naval bulletin - jul 1945

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References made to issues of AL L HANDS prior to the June 1945issue apply to this magazine under its former name, t h e Bureau of

Naval Personnel Information Bulletin.I

T H E B U R EA U O F N A V A L P E R S O N N E L I N F O RM A T I O N B U L L E T I N

JULY 1945 NAVPERS-0 NUMBER 340

VICE A D M IR A L R A N D A L L JACOBS, USNThe Chief of Naval Personnel

REAR A D M I R A L W I L L I A M M. FECHTELER, USNThe Assistant Ch ie f of Naval Personnel

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' a. . .-.. . . . . . . . . 12

The Navy ,Goes t o Press.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14U-Boat Hunters . . . . . . . . . . 19

Along the RoadSpeaking of Operations. . .

Casualty Reporting

Sea Power for Peac

New Books in Ships' Libraries. . . . . . . . . . . .

13 Rugged Old Ladies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31ve Officers.. . . . . . 32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

The Wa r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40World Affairs ...................... 47News of the Navy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

The Month's News:

Ships & Stations.. . . . . . . .Report from Home.. . . . . . . . . . .

Decorations and Citations. . . . . . . .

The Bulletin Board . . ~ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 67What's Your Naval I.Q.?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Month's Alnavs in Brief.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76'All Thumbs' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Fantail Forum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

THIS MONTH'S COVERS

0 FRONT COVER: A Navy Welldiver, winging home fro m

a PacifiG mission, banks sharply over i t s f lattop home.

Soon the SBZC will be nestling with th e other planes

spotted on the carrier's f l ig ht deck ( Offic i al U. S. Navy

photograph).

0 AT LEFT: Am id t he ominous smoke of bat tle on l eShima off Okinawa, a priest says mass and Yank fighters

offer prayers for fal len comrades (Of f i c ia l U. S. Coast

Guard photograph).

0 INSIDE BACK COVER: Off Okinawa an American bat-

tleship takes on ammunition fro m an LST, get ti ng ready

t o support ground troops wi th bombardments (Off ic ia l

U. S. Navy photograph).

BACK COVER: Based on an off ic ial N avy war bon d

poster.



13 RUGGEDOLD LADIES

brought up to modern-day efficiency.

There had to be a testing ground forthese ships in this new kind of war.Never had an y of their guns blazed-inactual combat except during the brief,inglorious interlude a t Pearl when theAA guns of some destroyed attackingJ a p planes. The Aleutians were se-lected for the test.

The TqstNew Mexico, Idaho, Nevada an d

Pennsylvania, the l atte r two damagedat Pearl, sallied forth on the softening-up job. Their 14-inch gun batteriesaler t, they poked through heavy weath:

verizing bomlardment on enemy g u nand troop pasitions, effectively neutr al-izing them and easing the way for the



Official U. S. Marine Corps photograph

t o Okinawa (above) at which a New Mexico class BB is hurling a broadside. In distance i s Mary land class BB.

infantry to land. A month lat er thePennsylvania, New Mexico and Idahowere joined by the Mississippi and Ten-nessee fo r the assault on Kiska. Al-

though Ja p opposition was negligible,the five old wagons laid shell af te r shellon their targets, eliminating whateverguns had been on th e island.

In blasting the Japs, the old battle-wagons also blasted a theory which hadbeen prevalent since the early part ofthe century in some naval arid militarycircles. Before a House Naval AffairsCommittee in 1916 an adm iral testified:

“This war has conclusively demon-strated what every military strategistknew before--that it is impossiblefor sea craft to successfully attack landfortifications.” Others echoed himlater.

Although pro and con argumentswere many since the admiral spoke, noone ever proved that he was wronguntil Attu. No one, af te r the recordestablished by these old battleshipsthroughout the world since, will everagree with him again.

JULY 1945

The “old ladies” were definitely notthe old-fashioned kind, as many peoplecontended, who would lift their skirtsand skitter away at the first sign of

trouble. Rather , they liked it. For, oldand lumbering as they were, they stillpacked dynamic punches in the barrelsof thei r heavy guns, and never beforehad they had a chance to demonstratet o the world the strength th at had beenbuilt into them so many years before.

Without a Shot

Back in 1914 when a wa r with Mexicoseemed imminent, a fleet that even inthese days could scare hell out of a siz-able enemy force, steamed into VeraCruz harbor to quell an uprising.Among the eight battleships anchored

offshore were the N e w York, W y o m i n gand Arkamas, al l yourig and innocent.

A few days later the Texas steamedfull speed into the harbor after inter-rupting her shakedown.

“What’s going on?” her crew asked

sailors of o ther ships. “Are we gonnafight? How soon do we open fire?”

The answer was mighty discourag-ing.

“The Marines went ashore andmopped up in a couple of hours.”

It seemed the f irst full-fledged battle-ships of the Navy were destined for afa te like that . They missed WorldWar 1’s only hot naval battle, Jutland,because America had not yet enteredthe conflict. When they finally arrivedin British w aters their crews were im-measurably bored with a life of sittingand waiting for action that never came.

Utah, Oklahoma and Arizona joinedthe Royal Navy’s Engl ish Channel fleet,

Veteran U. S. Battleships Have Learned New Tricks

To Become Potent Weapons of Modern Amphib W a r

3



NEVADA was beached off Faspital Point when smokecleared at Pearl Harbor, yet she fought at Normandy.

PENNSYLVANIA suffered relatively light damage at Pearl,

escaping the fate of the DDs Downes and Cassin nearby.

helping t o blockade the coast of thecontinent. N e w Y o r k , T e x as, A r k ans asand Wy om i ng became part of the Brit-ish Home Fleet operating out of bu tmostly in Scapa Flow and the Fi rt h ofForth. They participated in tar getshoots along with Br itish battlewagonsand scored impressive records. Theyput out to sea on reports th at the Ger-man Grand Fleet was out and attempt-ing to run the blockade. They dodgeda few torpedoes from enemy subma-rines and watched their paravanesslash the waters of the North Sea insearch of submerged mines.

But the destroyers dropped the depthcharges and did whatever attackingwas to be done. And the infantry , theartillery and the fledgling air forcesgot credit for winning the war. Onlywhen the German Grand Fleet steamedignominiously between their lines back

to Scapa Flow and surrender did theyrealize that their tiresome, persistentpresence had helped toward victory.

Despite their long years of worldcruises and refitting between wars, thefirst battleground for three of the re-corseted old ladies was th at same At-lantic in which they had sought action25 years before. N e w Y o r k , A r k an s a sand T e x as sailed from American EastCoast ports in company with troop-ships, carrier s, cruisers and destroyers.They were ready for the first majoramphibious landing which would wrestback the first territory from the Axis.

North Africa was the objective.Moving in close with the uss Philadel-ph i a , the N e w Y o r k lobbed her 14-inchprojectiles into fire-control and range-finder apparatus and heavy guns of theBatterie Railleuse protecting Safi har-bor. The batt ery was put ou t of action.

Meanwhile, the Texas was shellingMehdia, near Casablanca, disruptingtranspor t and blasting a n ammo dump.

Arrangements had been secretlymade with French garrisons before-hand so that the French put up only atoken resistance in most places. But itgave the crews of the old battleshipstheir first taste of war and preparedthem for greater combat yet to come.

The true test of thei r ability t o sup-port amphibious operations came inJune 1944 when Arkansas , Texas andNevada, the latter damaged at PearlHarbor , moved slowly up t o the beachesof Normany astern a line of

DDs.For many minutes aft er the cruisersand destroyers started dueling withheavy German shore batteries, the bat-tleships’ heavv guns were silent. Thenthey opened fire on prearranged tar-gets, sending their shells shrieking

Official U. S. Navy p h o to g ra p h s

COLORADO helped in the job of reducing Saipan. As she

lays to, phosphorus shells burst on shore in background.

Official U. S. Marine Corps photooraph

TEXAS took wounded Rangers aboard off Normandy. She

was hi t twice in a duel with Nazi batteries at Cherbourg.

ALL HANDS



-7. . . . . . . .

IDAHO was among the BBs that softened Attu and Kiska,

testing grounds for the old ladies in the new-type war.

MARYLAND, of youngest class of old ladies, i s shown as

she appears today. With her is sister ship Colorado.

shoreward over the lighter vessels. Asin the African operation each ship hadspecific targets to neutralize before Hhour. The “Arky” blasted casematedguns near Les Moulins and Ste. Honor-ine des Pertes and other stationary tar-get nea r Port en Bessin. The Texas’first tar ge t was a batter y of casematedguns atop Point du Hoe, a prominencecovering the Ohama beachhead fromthe west. Rangers were to scale duHoe’s cliffs and wipe out the guns’crews. The Texas plastered the em-placements before H hour, turned to

targets of opportunity behind thebeaches while the Rangers went intoaction. Then she turned her attentianto machinegun emplacements hidden ina winding draw and an antiaircraftbattery near Vierville sur Mer. Mean-while the Nevada was hammeringaway at similar tar get s on U tah beach.

The surprised and routed Germans

on the immediate beach defenses re-treated inland. Tactically they weredefeated only momentarily. They stillhad artillery with which they couldbludgeon the g reat mass of men andmateriel concentrated on the shores.From the rear, columns of enemytanks, self-propelled guns and mobilemor tars moved toward the sea. Theyhad a 50-50 chance to push back theinvaders.

But they reckoned without some-thing new in sea-borne artillery. Fromtheir experience, warships a t sea could

fire at and hit only targe ts of oppor-tunity visible from fire-control towers.

Yankee ingenuity ended that idea.In the first few waves of assault in-fantrymen t o hit the beach were ShoreFi re Control Parties, composed of onenaval officer, one Army officer and 12Army enlisted men. Each of theseparties was attached to an infantry

regiment. All were skilled in radiocommunications, map reading, navalgunnery. Each pa rt y was equippedwith maps duplicating those of gun-nery officers on the ships.

As the assault troops advanced fromthe beach, running into opposition, thefire-control parties went ahead withthem. From shore t o ship the radiowould signal:

“Dog Easy Queen . . . hi s is RogerMike Jig . . . I have a message foryou . . . arg et a t (here map coordi-nates were given) . . . enemy pillbox

. . .close supporting fire . .. ommencefire immediately . . .”

The old battlewagons’ guns wouldroa r. The pillbox would crumble underdirect hits. The infa nt ry would ad-vance again.

During the early days of the Nor-mandy landings the Nevada knockedout nine enemy tanks in one engage-

Official U. s. Navy p h o t o p p h s

NEW YORK lashed out at Iwo Jima with her big guns. TENNESSEE, shown at Iwo, lost her cage masts in post-Once Hirohito visited her. Now she may return the visit. Pearl Harbor revamping and looks like a brand-new ship.

JULY I945 5



1

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1

~ a p s ept coming a t zu Knots. l’henthe cruisers and the battleships-WestVirginia, Maryland, Tenessee, Calif o r -nia and Pennsylvania- pened fire.The Jap fleet staggered, slowed to 12knots under the massed American fire.It was too much for the Japs . Shellafter shell scored direct hits on everyunit. They tried to tur n and run forit. Only one cruiser, later sunk byplanes, and one destroyer made it. Therest went down.

During the Lingayen Gulf landingson Luzon. earlv this vear. the old

I



HARBOR at Guam i s crowded with ships. Once only a trans-Pacific clipper stop, island i s now a mighty base,

advance headquarters of Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, and hub of war against Japan.

MARIANAS BEACHES provide the chief recreation of

service men and women on Guam, Saipan and Tinian.

10 I

,

Of f i c ia l U. S. Nav y pho tog raphs

BANK OF GUAM, reestablished with assets of $ I,500,000by the Navy, has helped restore the island's economy.

n u HANDS



. . . _ _ .



GOOD NEWS ON FILARIASISNavy Doctors Find the Disease No Cause for Alarm; recovereden had in neour ror woive days.ecurrences,ome

Men Recover Unimpaired and Return to Combat Duty others had as many as 15 or 20. The

FTER many months of intensiveA medical research, the ,Navy hasgood news on filariasis, the tropicaldisease which may produce unsightly

swellings, rashes, fever and pain. Thisas a men-ace t o naval personnel.

All the research findings are opti-mistic and may be summed up simply:nfected men are getting better with-

out special treatment.For months this disease, which

frightened many but has yet to clajmthe life of a single Navy man, in-spired dramatic newspaper and maga-zine articles. And it has been a fer-ile field fo r s c u t l e b u t , mainly

it has b e e n confused withelephantiasis, a disease commonlyfound in natives who have spent a

lifetime in infected areas.In relation to the size of the en tire

d. Of these, nearly all are on the wayback to complete health and will re-tu rn to useful life-in active duty over-seas and at home after the war.

In assessing the disease it is neces-sary to distinguish carefully betweenhe things filariasis-pronounced: fil-luh-rye-uh-sis-will and will not do.It will impair a man’s health for asmuch as a week at a time. It mayrecur. It will p r o d u c e discomfortand a f e e l i n g of low spiri ts . On

the other hand, it will not klll. It can-not be caught from another person. Itwill not permanently injure health. Itoffers no perils of epidemic to fami-lies at home. It does not impair thesexual li fe of the afflicted man, norhis ability to produce children.

Although the disease is on the wayout, it is not to be denied that in theearly days of the war in the Pacific itprovided vivid causes for fright. WhenAmerican personnel stationed in in-fected areas started to catch filariasisnot much was known about it.

Lacking the medical knowledge-yet aware of the partial similarity of

the symptoms-it was natu ral for afilariasis patient to take fright when-ever he saw a native infected withelephantiasis. He then had no way ofknowing that this dread disease couldbe developed only after years of re-infection, usually from infancy up tothe age of about 30 .

It is difficult to determine how manyNavy men ever caught the disease.Estimates run from 1,000 t o 2,000 o rmore for naval personnel, while Ma-rine infections may have been as highas 10,000.

Mosquitoes Spread Disease

Nearly all of the infections werepicked up in th e Samoan islands. Andall were contracted in the only pos-sible way the disease can be caught,through mosquito bites. The insectswould bite an infected native and thentrans mit the illness by biting. The

72

only insects which could transmitwere short-range flyers, and-unlikethe anophiles, which transmits ma-laria-did most of the ir biting in day-

time. A small number of cases turnedup in the Philippines and the Solo-mons.

The mosquito which is the carrierof filariasis has a fancy name-“Wuchereria bancrofti.” It is widelyfound throughout almost all tropicalareas in both the eastern and westernhemispheres and in many Pacific is-lands. Current estimates are tha t itcan fly a distance of only about 300yards. The time which elapses betweenthe mosquito bite and the first out-break of clinical symptoms varies. Theaverage time is around nine months,although in one case it was as shortas one month and in another as longas 25 months.

Symptoms include severe swellingunder the arm glands, in the groin,testicles and legs. An average casewould have an arm and a leginvolved.If the arm were involved a red streakwould develop, the colored area mov-in g down from the shoulder. In addi-tion, the patient usually had a lowfever, headache and nausea, and chills.The usual treatment was bed rest andaspirin. The illness had all degrees ofseverity. Some men were completelyknocked out. Others often avoided thebinnacle list, particularly if their

friends were being shipped out andthey did not want t o be left behind.The sickness lasted a week or so, al-though some patients were pret ty well

general pattern was that recurrentattacks came with less frequency andwere successively less acute.

Differs From Elephantiasis

A brief survey of the conditionswhich produce elephantiasis will makeclear the difference between this ail-ment and filariasis. The native whodeveloped elephantiasis had a longhistory of infection. He was usuallybitten by the carrier mosquito a fewdays aft er birth. Then, day after day-for a period of some 20 o r 30 years’-he continued to be bitten and wasthus constantly reinfected. As a resulthe acquired a h u g e amount of in-fection. The infection produced a vastnumber of worms in the body. Theworms then died and, intertwining

with one another like small tangledpieces of st ring , t u r n e d into hardmasses of matter. This matter blockedthe lymph glands (located in the arm-pit, groin, 1 e g s and neck). Thesemasses of hardened matter do notblock the circulation of the blood, butd,o result ‘ in the stagnat ion of fluidwhich causes the swellings.

The difference is that these nativesin the areas of infection had piled uphuge amounts of infection after alifetime of exposure whereas our menhad only a year o r less of exposureand only comparatively light worminfections. It is also important to

note that while the worms mated withone another and bred in the natives,thus further piling up the disease, theNavy has not found a single man with

Official U. S. Marine C o r ps pho t o g r a ph

Me n back fr om Pacific learn skiing at Klamath Falls rehabilitation center.

Af f HANDS




Marine a t Klamath Falls gets a physical checkup before going on furlough.

enough infection to produce a secondgeneration of worms in his own body.

Navy research has some very posi-tive things to say on the improbabil-i ty of the disease spreading in theUnited States. It is clearly knownthat there are available mosquito car-riers in the United States, but only ona small scale. It has been learnedthat in order to carry the disease theWuchereria bancrofti must have amean temperature of 80" F. and anaverage humidity of 60% or more inorder to function. In the United Statesthese conditions prevail only in a rel-atively small area in the states bor-dering on the Gulf of Mexico, and inGeorgia and South Carolina. Manyyears ago filariasis did take holdaround Charleston, S. C. Yet it didnot spread and also failed to mqintainitself. Another thing which militatesagainst the spread of the affliction inthe United Sta tes is the lightness ofthe infection in our men.

In spite of wide research and ex-perimentation by Navy medical re-search staffs, no specific treatment forth e disease has ye t been found. Thisgives no cause for alarm, however,because all t he clinical evidence t o dateis that patients have been gettingbetter without any drugs or otherspecial treatment.

Kla m ath Falls BarracksTo tackle the problem head-on

BuMed and the Marine Corps set upa joint project a t Klamath Falls, Ore.

All the patients at this post were Ma-rines, because they had been longerinvolved and infected in larger num-bers tha n Navy personnel. The post,a Marine barracks, is not a hospitalin the usual sense, although all pos-sible hospital facilities and researchlaboracory resources ar e there.

JULY 1945

The Navy called in one of th e coun-try's authorities on tropical medicine,L. T. Coggeshall, of the School of Pub-lic Health a t the University of Michi-gan. Capt Coggeshall, now seniormedical officer of the post , has super-vision of the system which is gradu-ally restoring men to active duty.

Primarily, the post functions not asa convalescent o r rehabilitation center,but as a du ty station. All emphasishas been s h i f t e d from the illnessaspect, and to all outward intents thebarracks is like any other Marineestablishment. Whenever a man hasa recurrence of th e illness he i s ofcourse put on the binnacle list, butonly if he is not fit for duty. Evenwhile under treatment, particularly ifhis outbreak is light, he is kept atsome form of light duty, and his con-finement to sick bay is kept as shortas possible.

Under the program each man findshimself getting graded physical andmilitary training, lectures, and coursesin typing, languages and manual arts.When not busy with these routines,the patients put in much time fishing,camping, riding and taking part inorganized athletics.

On reporting for dutv at thjs post,each man is given a "screening ex-amination." He gives a full historyof his illness and close study is givenhis .itinerary with particular attentionto dates of arrival and departure atduty stations. At this point the opera-tion of the post is explained to himand he is given full chance to discusshis ailment, after which he is assuredthat he will get well and told that hewill suffer no permanent defects andthat his wife and children will notcatch the disease from him. Each manis graded in the l ight of his conditionand is then fitted into the post pro-gram. Everyone able gets duty even

though it be sedentary. The programis set up on a three-month basis; ex-perience has shown that at the endof that time the average man shouldbe up t o almost anything, even combattraining if such should be assigned.

The physical activities at the campgive some idea of th e extent to whick.men overcome th e ailment. A footnotcto this is the fact that the camp foot-ball team-made up of "patients"-was one of the best service teams onth e West Coast las t season. Towardthe end of the tr aining period thosepatients who have made sufficient re-covery are sent off on hikes lastingfrom 10 t o 12 days. Those who standup to this are then given stiff manual-of-arms drills, topped off with half aday on one end of a double-handedcrosscut saw. After this the behaviorof their hear ts is closely studied. Arecent specially controlled group wasput through this routine and 62%were found to be physically fit t o carryon with any duty.

Not t o overemphasize the favorableaspects of the course of the disease, itmust be admitted that a handful of

patients have had recurrent symptomsas much as two years after the startof the illness. Even in these cases,it has been reported that the symp-toms have been dying down and re-curring at less frequent intervals.

To any who might still have exag-gerated fears about the effects of thedisease, the Navy has a basic answer:up to 6 June 1945, a total of 2,219 ofthe "worst" filariasis patients havepassed through Klamath Falls, ofwhom 92% have now been returned t ofull active duty. '

ChaplainAl though the of f ice of chapla in i s o n e o f

the most ancient in the wor ld 's navies,

the word i tse l f does not have a naut ica lbeginning. Saint Ma r t in , French b ishop

of Tours in the 4th century , unknowingly

star ted it al l when

he shared hi s cloakw i th a n a k e d b e g g a rwho was perishing

w i th th e c o l d a t th e

g a te o f Am i e n s . Hiscloak was miraculous-

ly preserved and theFrench carr ied it t o

war as a sacred ban-

ner. The cloak orchape, as the French

c a l l e d i t , w as k e p t in a n o r a to r y th a t b e -cam e known as the chapel le , while them a n c h a r g e d w i th its care was cal led the

chapelain. The Engl ish mona rch Cha rlesI ( 1625-49) was one of the f i rs t to send

th e c le r g y to se a. H e a p p o i n te d a c h a p -

la in to each ship in the fleet. In our ownhistory chaplains served aboard ships of

th e C o n t i n e n ta l Na v y d u r i n g th e Re v o lu -

t ionary Wa r . In 1778 the Reverend Ben-

jamin Balch served as chaplain o f the

fr igate "Boston," and in 1780 he servedon the "Al l iance." His fifth son, Wi l l i amBalch, was the fi rst commissioned chap-

la in . President John Ad am s commissionedhim in 1799, an! in 18 00 he was assig ned

to the f r ig ate Congress." Late r he wast r a n s fe r r e d to th e f r i g a te " Ch e s a p e a k e . "

11111111111111111111llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

. 73



O f f i c i a l U. S. Navy photographs

IN THE PACIFIC these Seabees get news via CBMU 550’s Newspaper. Here circulation manager distribu tes it.

GOES TO PRESS

R O M Kodiak to Kaneohe Bay, fromNorfolk t o Namur, ship and station

newspapers are Navy men’s No. 1answer to “Whaddya read?”

Ranging from many-paged editionsprinted on newspaper presses t osingle-sheet mimeographed issues rich-er in enthusiasm than appearance,ship and station papers are publishedon land and sea all over the world,at commands ranging in type frombattleships t o advance bases, trainingcenters to ATBs, clothing depots tocommunication offices, convalescent

hospitals to cargo (ships.Wherever men of the Navy workand fight, commanding officers findtheir morale problems lightened by ed-itors or would-be ed itors who willinglytranslate t o the printed page the hu-mor, the common experiences, the newsreleases radioed or airmailed t o Ameri-

Unit Papers, Produced by and for Sailors, Rate Next to Mail and

Movies as Morale Builders on Ships an d Stations Around the Worldcans hungry f o r some word from home.

Next only to mail call and moviesin popularity, a Navy man’s paper ishis most acceptable source of news in-formation, his opportunity for “sound-ing off,” his wartime minia ture of thesports page and the funnies to whichhe was addicted as a civilian.

These papers come out daily, week-ly, “irregularly” (like the specialOkinawa issue of Oak Chips aboard adestroyer) and sometimes only by thegrace of God. Close cousins t o many ahigh ,school o r college paper, they

range from fledglings nursed by asingle yeoman off-duty (but cherishednonetheless by its readers) to largepapers managing not only to accom-plish their primary purpose, which isto service their readers, but indirectlyto att rac t the best kind of attention t othe activities which they serve.

There are “foxhole size” editions,like the f i fz tzxle Blast (Naval Air Gun-ner’s School, Miami), the Mi gh t y “G ”(USS Guam), the Descendang Line(N TS (Salvage), New York) andthe T ur t l e (uss B us hne l l ) . There arebig sheets like the Bulle t in (NTCGreat Lakes), the Hoast (NTC, SanDiego), and the Mainsheet (NTC,Bainbridge) , whose combined circula-tions equal the population of citieslike Sacramento, Calif., o r Mobile,Ala., o r Phoenix, Ariz.

And there a re hundreds of “in be-

tweens,“ the edited radio digests witha cartoon o r joke dropped in to fill upa column, the big ship dailies thatserve up the news in time for theearly mess-line trade.

From two sources recently hascome recognition of the important par tplayed by ship and station newspapers

ACC HANVS74 .



ings - machinist’s mates, motor ma-

chinist’s mates, electrician’s mates,shipfitters, carpenter’s mates andmetalsmiths. But not a newmapermanin the crew. However, it was found tha tassigning one man t o a regular fea-ture for the paper soon brought outlatent writing talents, and a genuineenthusiasm for the paper trickled outto every member of the crew.

An electrician’s mate second classwho was a good mixer pulled the as-signment as the Cebugle’s “InquiringReporter,” and has made it one of thelivelier featu res of the paper. Eachweek he taps the C e b u crew’s opinionon such questions as “What do you

think we ought to do with Germanyand Japan after the war?” “D O Y O U

think it’s wise f or servicemen to marryin time of war?” or “D O you think theNavy pay system is equitable?”

The inquiring reporter created amild sensation recently with a copy ofa letter from one crew member’s wifeasking a divorce so she could betterpursue her career. All names weredeleted and the crew was asked “Whatwould you do if you received such aletter?” The C e b u crew was in a gen-erous and broadminded mood tha t day;most of the printable answers favoredgiving the woman h er freedom.



--I -

U-BOATHUNTERSOnly CVE Lost in Atlantic

Led Hard-Fighting Team

LL her action-packed life the es-cort carrie r uss Block Zsland lived

precariously in the midst of battle.And in battle she died, her freighter

enemy U-boat. Her grave was the At-lantic where, for 14 months, she leda diminutive task force in scourgingth e sea of German underwater raid-ers.

The Block I s land was the only

he Atlantic. I n announcing her losson 29 May-a year to the day af te rshe wa s sunk-the Navy also disclosed

the dramatic story of her career.The Block Zsland first went t o sea

in March 1943, under command ofCapt. Logan C . Ramsey, USN. Exceptfor about 50 survivors of the old uss

most of her crew had neverseen a carrier before they were as-signed t o her. A few days af te r shestarted out on her first sub hunt, thebaby flat-top flushed several U-boatsdurin g the night. Crewmen lined herflight deck to watch star shells andgunfire and an escort rushing in forthe kill.

Wa r was almost always like th at onthe Block Zsland - lose, personal,

thrilling. With he r DES she sluggedit out in close surface actions anddepth-charge attacks by sea and air,even witnessing a hand-to-hand scrapbetween crews of a damaged U-boatand the DE uss Buck ley .

A plane from the carrier spottedthat German submarine at 0300 on abrigh t moonlit night. The B uc k l e y ,directed to the spot, opened fire withthree-inch guns and scored a direct hi ton the sub’s forecastle. The enemy,electing to fight it out on the surface,returned fire with her deck gun andsemi-automatic weapons while swerv-in g sharply to get out of the moontrack. Torpedoes from the U-boat’stubes swished through the water butmissed. Tracers flashed across theBuckley’s superstructure but only onehit-in th e stack. Lt. Comdr. Bren tM. Abel, USNR, the DE’S skipper, de-cided to ram. A har d right rudderdrove the B uc k l e y up on the sub’sforecastle.

The submarine’s crew swarmed outof the conning tower and up on theDE’S forecastle. The Buckley’s crewused anything handy for weapons.Two Germans were felled by heavycoffee mugs, others by empty shellcases and by small-arms fire.

Finally, to avoid too many boarders,the B uc k l e y backed off and resumedfire. As the D E closed in again thesubmarine swerved suddenly againsther side and remained pinned-beneaththe Buckley’s hull. Rolling to 60 de-grees, the submarine gave men on theB uc k l e y a full view of the flaming

JUC Y r09s

shambles that was the interior of the

conning tower. Torpedomen on theDE tossed grenades into the openhatch. Slowly the sub drew awayagain; but one three-inch gun on theBuck ley scored three direct hits, andthe U-boat plunged beneath the sur-face with her diesels still running atful l speed. Both the con hatch, spout-ing flames, and the forward deck hatchwere open as the submarine dived.Heavy underwater explosions followed.

The Buck ley captured five Germanboarders and picked up 31 other sub-marine crewmen from the water. Theentire action lasted only 16 minutes.

In March 1944 Capt. F. MassieHughes, USN, took over command ofthe Block Zsland and with it the luckof the task force in tracking down anddestroying th e enemy. Four dayslater the Block Is land was at it again.

Patrolling planes detected anotherU-boat and tracked it along with theescorts. Two of the DES closed in a sthe sub surfaced and began poundingit with their guns. The sub’s crewabandoned ship without a fight.

Two days later one of the carrier’sGrumman torpedo planes found a sub-marine lying dead in the water, withher crew enjoying a swim. The pilot,

DENTED NOSE wa s price destroyer

Buckley paid to ra m and sink sub.

Lt. (jg) Mark E. Fitzgerald, USNR,

cut loose with a determined depth-charge and strafing attack before theJe rr ie s could scramble aboard. One ofthe depth charges cracked the sub intwo.

His plane damaged by AA fire fromthe U-boat, Lt. Fitzgerald was forcedt o land in the water nearby. As hedrifted in his rubber boat he saw aman swimming toward him. Hauledaboard and treated by the flyer forsevere head injuries, the swimmerturned out to be the 23-year-old cap-tain of the submarine. Later Lt. Fitz-gerald rescued and captured eightother Germans before being picked up

by a destroyer.The final battle of the fighting car-rier was yet to come. Six planes wereout on patrol when the Block Zslandshuddered as two violent explosionsrocked her beneath the waterline.Capt. Hughes, realizing that his shipwas hopelessly damaged, gave theorder, “Prepare t o abandon ship.”

All hands mustered on the flightdeck. Shortly thereaft er a third ex-plosion shook th e ship. “Abandonship,” ordered th e captain. Most ofthe officers and men, including 18wounded, went over the side andclimbed aboard rafts.

Last off the stricken carrier, Capt.Hughes had been picked up by awhaleboat and was only a few hun-dred yards from her when she sud-denly went down by the stern.

As the A hr e ns proceeded to the res-cue of survivors she positively locatedthe enemy submarine which, after tor-pedoing the carrier, had sent anothertin fish at the uss Ban., another es-cort, hitting near the stern and crip-pling her.

Exactly one hour after the first at-tack the E uge ne E. Elmore deliveredher assault on the submarine. A tre-mendous explosion indicated that the

U-boat had been destroyed.Casualties for the entire action to-

taled six killed on the Block I s land ,five killed, 12 missing and 1 6 injuredon the Barr and four aviators fromthe Block Zsland missing. The othertwo pilots who were in the air at thetime of the attack were rescued.

19



Sighted Tubs, Sank SameIt isn’t often a U. S. sub in need of

help can get it. But during one of themilk runs over Japan, Army P-51sescorting Superforts picked up a radiomessage from a sub which said that abit of assistance in a jiffy would bewelcome. Three picket boats, it seems,were attacking the sub, and would theArmy Mustangs drop down, please,and give a fellow a hand?

Three Mustangs, led by 1s t Lt. JohnF. Galbraith, peeled off to take a peekand a poke a t the pickets.

“The first sweep,” reported Lt. Gal-brai th, “cleaned the decks. We sawthe crews run toward the deckhouses.. . . After the first couple of passes,the boat on the left turned to one side.It stopped. S o did the middle one. Alot of smoke shot up. We made sixo r seven passes, getting in long bursts.. . . The boats had guns on the fore-decks, 1 o n g-b a r r e 1 e d and swivel-mounted. Afte r the fir st pass, the gunsjust swung around unmanned.”

A little later, the sub complainedthat. one of the J ap boats was stillcoming. So the three Mustangsganged up on it, made six passes and

“the deckhouse li t up.” As the Mus-tangs, their extra-curricular activitiescompleted, headed back to their IwoJima base, the sub’s radio chirped:“Boys, we love you. Good work andgood luck.”

Home in the RangeThe warships swung around, their

broadsides bristling a t the island. Thebig guns leveled . . . and blasted.Huge black-white plumes of explo-sions, like some st rang e foliage bloom-ing with mystic speed and splendor,piled up from the island to the bluesky. The guns hammered away.

On a battleship bridge stood JesusPerez, StMZc, USN. Field glasses,dimmed and damp with tears, werepressed against his drawn, browncheeks. As he frowned through theglasses, Perez could see neat littlewhite houses on the island’s hillsidescrumble like so many s o d a crackers

20 I

being crunched under sledge hammers.One by one, two by two, six by six,row by row, the houses vanished in t hedust . . . and into dust.

It was the pre-invasion bombard-ment last summer of Guam-Perez’shomeland. And one of the neat littlewhite houses that he saw blasted t obits was his own home . . . whereinhe had dwelt with his mother and 12brothers and sisters.

Before the bombardment, the Navyhad authoritatively determined thatfriendly natives were not in the rangeof the ships’ gunfire, but, even so,when the ships ceased fire and steamedaway, the little Guamanian, who ispersonal steward t o an admiral, musthave wondered about the safety of hisbeloved ones who were somewhere onthe island. Months later, he obtaineda leave and hurried anxiously to Guamwhere he found all members of hisfamily safe . . . including two broth-ers who had been tortured by the J apsfor refusing to divulge the where-abouts of George Tweed, the Navywarrant officer who eluded the Nipposfor three years on Guam.

Lost-No RewardIt was the first carrier raid on Tok-

yo, and a busy, exciting, gladdeningday it must have been for Air Group

80. Naturally, in the swirling duelsabove the clouds, some of the boys g o tlost in their work, and were separatedfrom the group.

Two such wandering lads were Ens.Frederick C. Steputis, USNR, of Glass-port, Pa., and Lt. Robert H. Anderson,USNR, of Ea u Claire, wis . Shopping

around in the sky for “80,” they sawa group that looked familiar andjoined up with it, only t o learn it wa sa different carrier outfit. So theypeeled off and resumed the search.

Soon they sighted another cluster ofplanes th at sorta- looked like “SO.” Itwas made up of all fighters. Therewere about the right number-50. Andthey were flying in the right location.As the two Yanks flew toward thegroup, they scanned the sky in all di-rections for any approaching Japfighters. About 150 feet from thegroup, they ceased their search andconcentrated upon taking position in

the formation. As they inspected thegroup more closely, their eyes poppedout of their sockets and bouncedaround the cockpits like hopped-uppinballs . . . the planes they were soblithely joining were Japs!

Fortunately, by a strange and happycoincidence, the Japs must have madethe same mistake and thought theYanks were Nips. Before the Ja pscould get any other ideas, Steputisand Anderson let up on the gas, fellastern of the group quietly, thenquickly turned tail and, in their in-elegant but highly eloquent words,“ g o t the hell out of there!”

One in a MillionNext t o a chap who just got a one-

way ticket t o the States, Francis 0.Keenan, S lc , of Medford, Mass., isabout the luckiest bluejacket out inthe Pacific.

Back from a raid on the Japanesehomeland, Keenan’s carrier anchoreda t one of the lit tle islands. Keenanwas among the liberty party thatswarmed ashore. As he stepped outof the liber ty boat onto the pier, youcould have knocked him over with adrugstore serving of butter, so startledwas he by the reception he received.He was greeted by Lt. Comdr. CharlesM. Speidel, uSNR, island recreation of-ficer, as if he were chairman of a de-mobilization board. While the rest of

A44 UANVS



off byt o the bandstand.

There he faced a battery of clickinga microphone, interviewers

a case ofa box of cigars, and $5 0

The reason: Keenan was the 1,000,-

it has been a fleet recreation

Down- ut Not Out!Heading into Okinawa, a landing

craft p p p o r t ship was hit by threesuicidal attacks. Worst damage wasan eight-foot hole gashed in her side,partl y below the waterline. The LC’slower compartments were flooded. Herliving quarters weren’t fit for Japs.

Some of her guns were out of action.Her water system was washed out.Her lighting system blacked out. Hergalley was a cooked goose. She wasreally in a sorry state-and, to make

hter, it was Frid ay the13th, a da rk day, ominous and luckless.

But did the crippled ship’s crew sitdly by, wringing their hands and be-moaning their misfortune? They didnot. They proceeded t o shoot down a

LC to her appointed anchorage underher own power.

When Silence Isn’t Golden

Untold thousands of American fight-

efore an invasion. But Lt. FrederickM. Fox, uSNR, is the first we’ve heardof who owes hi s We t o the sound of

Yep, that’s right . . . the thunderf the opening salvo in the preLinva-

sion bombardment of Okinawa helpedhe Hellcat pilot escape from the Japs.

Because of a midair collision dur inga strafing mission about six days be-fore L day, Lt. Fox had t o crash-landhis F6 F on the Jap-held island. Cer-tain th at the crash would att rac t Japs,

Lt. Fox dragged himself away fromthe wrecked plane and hid in a wheatfield. There he rested a bit, pulledhimself together, then stumbled into a

su ga r cane field. Almost immediatelyfour J a p soldiers appeared,

Three moved on, but the four th cameover to the cane field and virtuallystraddled Lt. Fox before noticing him.AS the startled Nippo opened hismouth t o signal his comrades, the

Navy flyer shot him through the stom-ach with his .45.At precisely the same moment, the

big American naval guns opened theirbombardment. The bark of the auto-matic was as smothered as a pebble’ssplash at Niagara Falls.

As the three remaining Jap s wenton unmindful of their buddy’s fate, Lt.Fox crept off, made his way t o shoreand was eventually rescued.

A Thad ThtorySay, Mac, if you happen to see a

rat . . . the four-footed variety . . .with false teeth on one of the South

Pacific islands, get in touch right awaywith Seabee Franzell H. Boardman,SF2c, USNR.

You see, Boardman, who hails fromDark Harbor, Maine, has been out inthe islands with the Seabees for a cou-ple of years. Every night, come rainor shrapnel, he would carefully place

his upper and lower plates in a card-board box for safekeeping before re-tiring. It was a happy arrangement

. and a secure one, Boardmanthought.

But one morning he awakened tofind that a rat had gnawed a hole inthe box and scurried off with the low-er plate. The Dick Tracys and theNick Carters of the jungle established,

upon fine-tooth investigation, that theculprat had also tried t o make awaywith the upper plate, but couldn’t getit out of the box.

This was no consolation t o Board-man, however.

“Tho what!” he ejaculated, as wellas a man without lowers can ejaculate.“Tho what if he did leave me my up-perth ? What good are upperth with-out lowerth?”

N or was Boardman forgiving.“I wouldn’t mind,” he said, “if the

rat needed the lowerth more than Ineed them. But without my lowerthI can’t munch my way out of a paperbag, but look at him. . . Hith teeth

were good enough for him t o chewthrough a cardboard boxth!”

N o Rest for t h e WearyThe log of the USS Phe lps reads

like a chronology of the first threeyears of the Pacific war. Name a cam-paign, and she was there . . . Mid-way, the Coral Sea, Guadalcanal, Sa-larnaua, Attu, Kiska, Bougainville, theGilberts, Kwajalein, Eniwetok, Saipan,the Palaus. She rode proudly throughall of them.

From 7 Dec. 1941 until las t Fall, thedestroyer cruised more than 203,000miles-a record few ships in the fleet

can equal. At one time, she steamed63 days without stopping. Bullets andshells have hit her, torpedoes havenarrowly missed her, bombs havesprayed around her . . . and yet onlyone member of h er crew has beenkilled.

The Phelps’ most exciting time wasspent off Saipan. There she had t obattle the Japs by land, by sea and byair. She duelled Ja p tanks that werecounterattacking o u r beachhead. Shebattled armed Ja p barges tryi ng t oland troops behind our lines. Sheknocked out Nip shore guns that wereraking our landing craft. And shefought off enemy plane attacks.

Before they were silenced, the Nip-pos’ shore guns managed to score nz1-merous 37-mm. and two 6-in. shell hits.The second 6-in. shell damaged a boil-er, and the Phelps lay almost dead inthe water. She limped over and tiedup. t o the uss Phaon, an ARB, for re-pairs. But, even then, she refused tobe counted out. She asked fo r and re-ceived permission to stay in the battle.

And thus, as metalsmiths, mechanicsand carpenters from the P h a o nswarmed over her, repairing the dam-aged boiler, blower, deck and bulk-heads, the sturdy little lady, still verymuch in the fight, blasted away at

enemy troops and pillboxes.After two days, the repair job was

finished and the Phe lps rejoined thefleet.

JULY 1945 27



Official U . S. Coast Guard photographs

BEFORE AND AFTER views of the Menges, target of two torpedoes. Photo at left was made two weeks before atfack.

SPEAK-ING OF OPERATIONS!Coast Guard-Manned DE the Nazis Thought Sunk

Is Sent Back into Action by Shipyard Surgery

AZI submariners lammed two tor -N pedoes into the USS! M e n g e s , aCoast Guard-manned destroyer escort.The af te r third of the ship was blas-ted away and t he Nazis chalked her upas a sure kill. And it certainly looked

f o r a while as if they were right. To-day, however, the Me nge s is backfight ing with the fleet-a tribute tothe guts of her rugged crew and thesurgical skill of U. S. ship-repair men.

It happened back in May 1944, butthe full story could not be told untilnow, when it no longer matters if theGermans know they figured wrong.

I t was a bright night and theM e n g e s was on convoy duty in theMediterranean when the German tor-pedoes caught up with her. Theythundered into her stern and poppedopen the hull like a pea pod. Jaggeddeck plates on the fantail curled sky-ward. All the ship’s depth charges weretossed into the sea. A washing ma-chine was lobbed from below decks150 feet into an antiaircraft gun posi-tion on the upper deck. Dead were 29men and two officers; wounded were20 others.

The remaining able-bodied men hadtheir hands full in the next minutes.

The explosion had knocked the Menges’torpedoes from their tubes and startedtheir motors, threatening furtherhavoc. Crewmen jumped astri de thetorpedoes and rendered them harmless.Gaylen E. Doak, Flc, uSCGR, of Te-

cumseh, Nebr., and John D. Lawless,WTZc, USWR, of Chicago, hacked the irway into a wrecked compartment t orescue two trapped shipmates. StanleyG . Putzke, RMZc, USCGR, Humboldt,S. D., lowered a small boat in the darkand retrieved two men blown over theside. In the absence of a ship’s doctor,Harold Levy, CPhM, USCGR,Washing-ton, D. C., labored in the sick baysingle handed.

The rest of the crew was busy withdamage control. The M e n g e s , takingon water, listed badly to port, but herskipper, Lt. Comdr. Frank M. McCabe,USCG, of Brooklyn, would not give

the order t o abandon ship. A pa rt yled by Lt. (jg) James A. Mackay,U S W R , Atlanta, risked death in partlyflooded and oil-soaked compartmentsto secure broken water lines and shutoff electricity. Finally, watertigh t se-curity was restored and a British tugtowed the ship t o port, while the CoastGuard-manned DE P r i d e , the Navy-

manned DE J o s e p h E . Campbe l l andthe French DE Se ne ga la i s finished offthe Nazi U-boat.

Later, the bobbed-tail Me nge s wastowed from Africa to New York NavyYard. Another D E , the uss Holde r ,was towed in from Africa shortlyafterward and berthed alongside theMe nge s . The H o l d e r had two enginerooms completely wrecked by an air-

plane torpedo. The Navy’s Bureau ofShips, according t o Rear Admiral E.L. Cochrane, USN, Chief of the Bureau,decided that rather than have twoships out of action f o r a prolongedperiod it would be better to get oneship back in service quickly by makingone complete ship of the wreckage ofthe two. The two ships were lined upside by slde in drydock and a %footsection of the Holder was cut off andmoved 15 yards on specially builtgreased runwa,ys t o the Me nge s . Hugecranes, synchronized by intercomphones, and hydraulic jacks did thejob.

And so today the new M e n g e s , madeof two thirds old M e n g e s and one thirdHolde r , is back in action, continuinga distinguished career. Before she wastorpedoed, the Me nge s had picked upmore than 100 survivors of the D DL ansda le and shot down one of 15German planes that sank the L uns-da l e .

22 I



SUALTY REPORTINGto delegate his responsibility in thisregard . In the case of an emergency,

Ei;; ~ s ~ ; ~ ; y ~ ; ~ t ~ ; g~~~~~

How New ProcedureWill Provide Faster, Fuller Information

T o Nex t of Kin of Navy, Marine and Coast Guard Casualties

Comprehensive and detailed proce-dures for the repor ting of Navy,Marine Corps and Coast Guard cas-ualties are set forth in Alnav 120-45,

released 2 June 1945. This Alnav isbased upon the experience of theseservices since Pearl Harbor, uponthe changing conditions of warfarethroughout the Pacific; and upon theparamount interest families rightfullyhave in obtaining the fullest detailsconcerning their loved ones who be-come casualties.

Certain new and important ideasare introduced to accomplish objectiveslong recognized as desirable by theNavy Department, but upon which ac-tion has had t o be deferred until thepresent time. In the main, however,the Alnav contains simple and detailedinstructions which are

t obe followed

in the reporting of casualties, andwhich ar e essential to successful oper-ation. The Alnav sets forth the exactinformation needed and how it shouldbe transmitted.

Several factors have made it pos-sible f or the Navy Department t oissue these new and revised instruc-tions. Greate r use may now be madeof the Navy’s vast communication fa-cilities. Bitter and costly battles haveprovided many additional land basescloser to the scenes of naval action.And our Navy has become the mighti-est battle fleet the world has everknown. Much can now be accom-

plished that was formerly impossible.Since Pearl Harbor, when our fleet

was at its lowest strength, and in thedays and months following when itwas battling for existence, casualtyingtructions have been kept at a bareminimum. The various commandswere relieved of all possible detail andpaper work. Alnavs 13-42, 162-42,258-42, and 105-43 were brief casualtydirectives, requesting from the fleetonly the most essential information.Alnav 48-45 was issued 10 March1945, pending Alnav 120-45, t o expe-dite wherever possible the receipt ofcasualty reports in the Department.

Changing conditions have now madeit possible for the Navy Departmentto perfect its system of casualty re-porting without jeopardizing the at-tainment of victoi-y.

Underlying the new casualty direc-tive are two prime objectives. Thefirst is t o obtain more information forthe next of kin of those who becomecasualties, and to obtain this informa-tion as quickly as the exigencies ofwa r permit. This is a morale factorof th e greatest importance. Famil iesar e entitled to know the fa te of theirloved ones o n the fighting fronts, andmust be saved wherever possible the

mental anguish which lack of informa-tion and uncertainty entail.

Cases unfortunately will continue toarise where due t o the circumstanceslittle or no information will ever beavailable. No casualty procedures canever cover such cases. The new Alnav,

24

however, will, in the great majority ofsituations, produce the details and thefacts which the Navy Departmentlong’ ha s recognized next of kin are

entitled to receive. Commanding offi-cers and others in authority are urgedto remember how much next of kincherish such information; what .alarge part its reception means inthe maintenance of morale on thehome front.

The second objective of the new cas-ualty directive is t o obtain the infor-mation which the Navy Departmentmust have to carry out fairly andswiftly the responsibilities imposedupon it by various statutes, particu-larly, The Missing Persons Act asamended.

Casualty Report Off icerTo help accomplish these objectives

the new Alnav introduces an import-an t innovation. Every ship and sta-tion outside U. S. continental limitsis directed to designate a CasualtyReport Officer. This officer is mades ecifically responsible for preparinga i initial and amplifying reports con-cerning “dead,” “missing,” “wounded”and “injured” personnel under thatcommand and concerning personnelfrom other commands who may berescued o r picked up.

This in no way detracts from theCO’s authoritv. It merelv reauires

repor ting piocedures. The require-ment that each command designate aCasualty Report Officer recognizes thissituation and faces it realistically.This officer will see that all initialand amplifying reports are correctlyand promptly transmitted; that lettersof condolence to the next of kin fromthe CO are properly prepared andpromptly forwarded.

The various directives on casualtyreporting have, so far as practicable,been consolidated in the new Alnav.The responsibility for the assembly ofthe required data has been assignedto the Casualty Report Officer. TheAlnav thus aims to enable these offi-cers to compile casualty data uni-formly and with facility, and to submitpromptly t o the Department the in-formation needed.

Initial ReportsDetailed instructions are provided

concerning the initial casualty reportson “dead” and “missing” personnel.These reports are to furnish the fol-lowing information: full name; rankor rating; service or file number; cas-ualty status as well as the cause ifimmediately available; whether thecasualty was due to enemy action ornot; and the date the casualty oc-curred using t he local zone time.

Correct terms must be used in re-porting initially the stat us of “dead”and “missinp” wersonnel. Such reoort

th at an officer be designated; the must place ihe* officer o r man in -onechoice resting entirely with the CO, of :he following appropriate cate-who will be responsible under his corn- gories: “killed in action”; “killed notmnnrl fn r racnnltv ronnrtincr onmnv nrt inn”. “rliorl o f wminrlQ (wi th

Official U. S. Navy photograph

RESCUE can complicate reporting casualties. For example, here man is

transferred to a CVE from a DE that picked him up after his DE went down..

ALL HANDS



juries (with date injured if known)”;“died of disease” ; “missing in action”;“missing not enemy action.”

Ambiguous terms such as “missingpresumed dead” and “lost” are nevert o be used. For example, Alnav 13 of1942 directed that the expression “lsstin action” was not to be employed.

Personnel known to be “dead” shouldbe reported as “dead,” using the ap-propriate term, even though the bodyhas not been recovered. If the evi-dence unequivocally establishes death,officers and men are t o be so reported

even though it is impossible to recovero r to positively identify their bodies.The decision, of course, re sts with theCO; he is on the spot and is the bestjudge of the situation.

Alnav 120-45 merely restates theprovisions of Alnav 48-45 in regardto the transmission of initi al casualtyreports on “dead” and “missing” per-sonnel. Where conditio’ns permit , suchreports are to be sent by radio desig-nating priority precedence. Whereradio cannot be used, however, becauseof the necessity of radio silence o r be-cause of heavy operational traffic, suchreports are t o be transmitted by air

mail, but never by airmailgram.Where casualty lists are large andradio is not immediately available, cas-ualty reports are to be sent by officercourier using class 2 ai r priority. Theuse of officer courier in such cases is,of course, lef t to .the command’s dis-cretion. Compliance with these in-structions will materially speed upreceipt of init ial casualty repor ts con-cerning “dead” and “missing” per-sonnel.

Delays in ReportingNavy families have often failed to

understand the delay that sometimes

results in t he reporting of casualties.There ar e various reasons-some morecogent in the earlier days of the Pa-cific war than at present:0 The fleet was then much smaller. Ifa ship went down, it was less likelythat there might be other ships, eithercombat o r merchant, in the vicinity t opick up the survivors.

0 In the earlier days of the war, fewerbases were available t o which ship-wrecked men could proceed.

0 Limita tions on the use of rad io of-fered another obstacle to prompt re-porting; radio silence frequently hadto be maintained; operational mes-

sages had to be given precedence overcasualty reports.

0 Facilities for air mail were muyhless than now.

The current improvement in regardto these situations has been astound-ing. But due to the very nat ure ofnaval warfa re, situations will continueto arise in which there will be inevi-table delays.

Another difficulty in prompt cas-ualty reporting arises when a ship’ssurvivors become separated. Two yearsago in the case of the uss Helena sev-eral weeks passed before the completesurvivor list could be-sent from the

South Pacific. During this period 167officers and men were heroically res-cued from two islands under Japanesedomination. Survivors again may bepicked up by vessels heading for dif-ferent ports; the word of their sur-vivorship must at times be delayed,


ISLAND CASTAWAYS, reported lost, frequently turn up alive and well, as

did Lt. Alexander Vraciu (right), flyer who survived among Philippine guerrillas.

When a destroyer recently sank inthe Pacific, all records were lost. Buta casualty list had to be sent. Whatwas to be done? The skipper, whosurvived, knew his total officer andenlisted complement; he could not,however, name all the members of hiscrew.

The first ste was to question allthe surviving ofkers. They pieced to-gether, as best they could, the namesof the men in their divisions, Next,individual enlisted men were asked thenames of their friends. These proce-

dures accounted for the entire comple-ment with the exception of two orthree men. The questioning, therefore,had to be resumed, directed this timea t those who, when the ship was sunk,were near the battle stations of themen still unaccounted for.

The list finally was complete; otherblank spots, however, developed. Some.knew the last names of their friendsbut not their initials. Others knewonly their first names. Men did notknow the service numbers of theirshipmates, nor the names and ad-dresses of their next of kin. The com-plexity of the problem becomes clear

in view of the fa ct that the Navy nowhas more than 32,000 Smiths, morethan 21,000 Johnsons and more than15,000 Joneses. A mistaken set ofinitials o r a wrong first name mightpossibly cause some family to receivean erroneous casualty report.

As often happens, this destroyer’scasualty report was further compli-cated by the fact that survivors werepicked up by different ships. This shipwent down in calm sea and on a clearday, but it is easy to see how badweather and darkness and continuingaction with the enemy can enhance thedifficulties.

In the past, certain ships have dis-tributed copies of the muster rollamong various officers and enlistedmen. When such ships have sufferedcasualties, their reports have invari-ably been accurate and complete. Theimportance of thi s practice cannot be

overemphasized-it makes prompt andcorrect reporting possible. Whereverpracticable, commands are urged toadopt this practice.

Amplifying ReportsThe need for amplifying reports

concerning “dead” and “missing” per-sonnel is great. To date, amplifyingda ta in these cases have been extremelymeager; very generally none has beenreceived; and those which have beenforthcoming have provided little t opass on t o the next of kin. While theurgent need for such information haslong been recognized, conditions havenot made requests therefor feasible.Alnav 48-45 made a start in this re-gard by pointing out that amplifyingdetails were imperative.

The Casualty RepoR Officer is nowdirected t o prepare such reports forsubmission by the C O within one weekaf te r the initial report. The amplify-in report ( in duplicate if possible) isto%e sent by a ir mail t o BuPers. Air-mailgram is not to be used. The infor-mation to be contained in the amplify-ing report is listed in detail, and isas follows: full name; rank o r rating;

service o r file number; casualty sta-tus ; whether or not misconduct whereno enemy action was involved, refer-ence being made t o Alnav 105-43;name and address of designated nextof kin; available details in explana-tion of t he casualty such as locationand exact cause; details as t o whereand when las t ,seen, the weather con-ditions, and the chance of survival if“missing,” o r the disposition of re-mains in case of death. Whenever anyof the foregoing items is identical inmore than one case, the amplifyingreports may be consolidated as appro-priate. These reports ar e t o be clearlymarked “amplifying reports referenceAlnav 120.” They a re in lieu of thosehitherto required by BuPers Manual,Art. D-9601.

The provisions just outlined in re-gar d to amplifying data on our “dead”and “missing” personnel a re extremely

JULY 1 9M , 25



important, and iall the informaticdanger security 1next of kin. T hclassification of tis dependent ulcontained thereiwill be cleared fcbefore it is forw

Whether or renemy action wfrom the miscondvery important.vided : “In order

death gratuityreports of deathcraft accidentsaccidents occurriaccidents occurritinental limits Uevidence or sus]exists include ;own misconduct.prompt settlemeideath gratuity itreceipt of this SI



SEA POWE:RFOR PEACENavy’s Role in Preventing Future Wars Stressed

By Secretary in Address to Annapolis Graduates

The largest class in the history of t h e

Na va l Academy-1,040 midshipmen-w as g r a d u a te d a t An n ap o l is o n 6 J u n e

wi th Secretary of th e Na v y F o r r e s ta l a s

p r i n c ip a l s p ea k er a t th e t r a d i t i o n a l

ceremonies in Dahlgren Hal l . The fol-lowing i s th e te x t of hi s address, re-

pr in ted here because of i t s clear defini ;

t ion of the responsibi l i ty of th e e n t i r e

naval serv ice toward both the present

and future wel l -being of th e Na t i o n .

HIS is the season o l the yearT when young men and women onoccasions known as graduations orcommencements, become exposed tothe desire of their elders t o indulgethat grea test of all human propensi-ties-giving advice to others.

This is a season which is made con-spicuous not only by those June days,

the r ar it y of which was sung by oneof our gentlest American poets, but isalso marked by the felicitous bromidesand the happy cliches of innumerablespeakers of varying ages and pom-posity.

Like all men, I hold myself not tobe old; as t o pomposity I shall havet o leave you t o judge.

When the gigantic task of winningthis war is finished the nations thathave won it will be faced with theequally difficult t a s k of creating amechanism to reduce the risk of fu-ture wars.

I resist the temptation here to use

such phrases as “guaranteeing futurepeace” o r .“insuring against war,” be-cause in my view there is no automa-tic way of insuring against war o r ofguaranteeing peace, and I think it isunwise to encourage the accumulationof such expressions. They tend t o di-minish the v e r y watchfulness, careand prudent statesmanship which arethe real guarantors of peace.

Constant vigilance is the price notmerely of liberty of an individual na-tion but of the security and peace ofthe world.

It is obvious that, if we are to havepeace in the world, the United States

must be one of the archi tects of any

th at purpose. But having said that ,I would like to add that the most dan-gerous thing for the United States t odo, next to a decision t o abstain fromsuch a world organization, would be toassume that simply because a docu-ment has been written o r a plan drawnor international organization the evo-

lution of the plan into a living and

The writing of the document andthe construction of the plan are onlyirst steps in the long journey t o

world security. Many bricks have t o

go into th at structure; bricks of econ-omic stabili ty and balance, of socialand political justice and, possibly themost important of all, of mutual edu-cation in confidence, aourtesy andtrust among the victors, so that thenations we have defeated will not be

able, by sowing the seeds of suspicionand fear among us, to prepare theway for th at fatal lack of understand-ing and concurrence of action whichmade it possible for Hitler, Mussolini

and the Japanese to prepare for thiswar.

One of the bricks in the internation-al structure will be the realization bythis country as well as by the worldth at availability of armed force t o pre-vent aggression is fundamental in anyplan for peace. We must constantlyremind ourselves tha t there is no hopeof peace unless the nations desiring aworld built upon law, not upon force,are willing t o fight for that choice.Peace without the power to enforce itmust remain an empty dream.

I start with the assumption thatthis country, as one of the great pow-

ers which have lifted the terribleshadow thrown across t h e world inthe last five years, must retain itsarmed force and its willingness andability t o make swift use of it when-ever nations such as Japan, Italy andGermany get into the hands of out-laws. I assume tha t the United StatesNavy will be o n e of the g reat ele-ments of that power, and I am speak-ing to you as a group of men who willbe officers in the naval service.

I want t o remind you that, havingchosen the profession into the active

practice of which you are now beinggraduated, there devolves upon you agreat responsibility to maintain itshigh traditions. At the same time Iwant t o remind the nation of the debtthat it owes to the numbers of de-voted naval officers who have gone be-fore you.

I say nothing new when I remarkhere that there is occasional criticismboth in print and in conversation ofwhat is called the “Annapolis Club.”Public reference is sometimes made tothe thesis that Annapolis graduatesregard themselves as a select andsnobbish group of men sharply set offfrom the vulgar mass of the rest ofthe nation.

This I have found t o be untrue. Themen like yourselves who attend theNaval Academy come from all sectorsand conditions of the American scene.The fath er of Fleet Admiral King wasa railroad employee in Lorain, Ohio.

Fleet Admiral Nimitz came from asmall town in Texas where his grand-fa ther ran a small hotel. AdmiralJonas Howard Ingram was born in asmall Indiana town of Jeffersonville,on the Ohio River; his father, W. T.Ingram, was a real estate man andowner of a sand and gravel pit. Ad-miral Halsey was born in Elizabeth,N. J., the son of a n a v a l family.Admiral Spruance is the son of an In-dianapolis business man. Admiral Mit-scher’s father was one of the firs t set-tlers of Oklahoma and Admiral Kelly

Photograph from Press Association, Inc.

DIPLOMAS were presented to 1,040 members of the Class of ‘46, largest

in the U. S. Naval Academy‘s history, by Secretary of the Navy Forrestal.

n u UANOS



Turner’s father was a ’49er in Cali-f ornia.

These and others like them are theleaders of our Navy. They are notextraordinarily different from otherAmericans. It is not from such back-grounds as these that there comes aJunker class or the legend of a mas-ter race. As a mat ter of fa ct there isno group in America within the scopeof my own acquaintance or knowledgewho have a clearer understanding ofthe great principles upon which theAmerican way of life is established or

who would more tenaciously resist anyattempt t o change our fundamentalforms of government.

If it seems desirable to call thisgroup of men a club I have no quarrelwith the appellation but I want t o sayhere that I thank God that the NavalAcademy produced men of patriotism,talent and discipline t o provide an of-ficer corps capable in a great crisis ofbuilding, equipping and training thegreatest naval force the world hasever seen.

I am thankful that this group ofmen had the inner discipline and de-votion t o duty to continue in their

profession during years when thecountry seemed at times t o be un-aware of their existence and certainlyquite unaware of the need for milita rvpower. The highest tribute to theAcademy, as it completes 100 years ofservice t o the nation, is the record ofits graduates’ achievements.

You and those who have gone be-fore you are custodians of t he honorof our flag and our country; you havebecome symbols of national serviceand patriotism by the dedication ofyourselves t o your country’s service.

The burden you will carry is verygre at in time of war and it may some-

times seem unrewarded in time ofpeace, but that is a pa rt of the self-dedication that is implied by the ac-ceptance of your commissions today inthe United States Navy.

There is another responsibility whichgoes along with the somewhat sim-pler, more direct responsibil ity of liv-ing up t o the traditions and the honorof this Academy. I refer to the neces-sity of the members of the regularNavy to see to it that in peace timethe general public is understood bythe Navy and that the public in turnunderstands the Navy.

Among other things that you wiII

have t o keep in mind is the realizationthat the professional naval officer’sknowledge of sea power and what itmeans t o the security of this nation isnot shared by the average Americancitizen. Very few have read Mahanthoroughly. I doubt if even all of youhave, and I shouldn’t like to have totake an examination myself on hiswriting+

That being so, it should be part ofyour mission to enlighten the peopleon all appropriate occasions of theseprimary truths about the sea and air

power of our Navy:First: That possession of s u c h

power, giving us control of the greatreaches of sea in both oceans, meansthat our enemies cannot bring attackst o our home shores.

Second: That the corollary of theabove statement is that the places

JULY 1945


COLOR GIRL Lillian Cordes of Napoleon, Ohio, presents colors t o honor

company commanded by her fiance, Midshipman Eldon H. Knape (arm

raised.) Rear Admiral J. R. Beardall, Academy superintendent, watches the rite.

where we fight any nation with which Navy in this war. So I ask each ofwe go t o war will be of our choosing you, in short, t o consider yourself aand not theirs. purveyor of information about the

b hi^^: That possession of sea pow- Navy and about ou r national need for

forces, and may give us ,,,hat ~~h~~ the repetition of this story nor takesaid British sea power gave Welling- f o r granted that it is already knownton, the multiple use of the limited to your listeners.f o r c e s a t his disposal-they were There ar e many barriers t o easyavailable t o fight Napoleon in Spain communication between the officers ofand they could be shifted by water to the service and the public but thosefight in the low countries. barriers must be leveled if we are not

Fourth: That however powerfulto return to the inertia of the 20 yearsbefore the war on national defense.

o u r land armies may be, it is com-mand of the sea th at enables their I shall reaffirm as often a s I get ap-power t o be applied, whether it is on propriate opportunity w h a t I havethe coast of North Africa, the beaches said here today about the characterof Normandy o r in the jw d e s of Lu- and quality of the graduates of thezon. Naval Academy. However, I am also

To you these are all self-evident constrained t o remind you and yourtruths, but they ar e not t o the average older associates of the Navy that

citizen or even everyone within gov- while the trained Annapulis graduatesernment. If they were we would have are essential t o our ability t o conductno difficulty in peace time in getting naval warfare the support of the na-o u r necessary appropriations. We tion is essential t o the existence of thewould not have had to spend over a Navy, and t ha t the Navy which ishundred billion d o l l a r s for our successfully fighting this war is a

29

er multiplies the effectiveness of land its continuance. Never ge t tir ed of



_ _civilian navy. Three million nine hun-dred thousand Americans constituteits strength. Of that number 400,000are officers, and only 11,350 of themwere graduated fr om the Naval Acad-emy. I remind you that the Navy hasgrown more than 30-fold in its en-listed personnel. There were about100,000 enlisted personnel in 1940against the 3,500,000 who now manthe Navy on land and sea. The NavalAcademy is a necessary part of ournational defense. But Navy men mus tnever forget that they need the SUP-

po rt of the people in peace time andtheir comradeship in war time.

For that reason the Navy mustmake it its business to maintain ade-qu ate channels of contact with thepublic, which means with public opin-ion. It must take firm grasp of thefa ct that in time of war the Navy willhave t o be manned by your fellowcitizens, a great percentage of whomhave never before seen the sea. Itmust face the fact that its officers willhave to come from these same civiliansources. Right now i t has to face thefact that in order t o obtain the officersneeded to man the Navy which wemust keep when this war is over weshall have t o get large numbers fromthe ranks of reserves who are servingand fighting in the Navy, now chieflyin the Pacific.

My own estimate is that beyond theregular line of the Navy plus thosegraduating this year and next fromthe Naval Academy this number willapproximate 30,000. To get thesemen the Navy will have t o face thecompetition of the opportunities ofcivilian life. To get them-and weshall not get them unless we do this-the officers of the regular Navy inall commands must realize and acceptthe responsibility of convincing youngmen of promise that they have thesame opportunities and the same

chances for advancement that areavailable t o Annapolis graduates. Inother words tha t the criter ia of pro-motion in the Navy are character,competence, and capacity for leader-ship.

It may be appropriate at this pointto say that the Department is nowexamining the curriculum of instruc-tion at the Naval Academy with aview t o bringing it into closer align-ment with the needs of the service asdemonstrated by our experience inwar time.

The Naval Academy from time totime has been referred to as a tradeschool and it has been criticized forthe lack of classical background pro-vided in other colleges. This may bea fair criticism but it may be equallyfair t o remark that the criticism canbe made reciprocally-that is to say,the liberal arts colleges have some-thing t o learn from West Point andAnnapolis just as those institutionscan learn from them. One universitythat I know of has already undertakent o profit by the experience of the wa rto the extent of l imiting the scope ofthe elective system of study and mak-

ing obligatory instruction in thosebasic courses, such as mathematicsand science, which have been found soindispensable in war time.

We hope in the Navy .to be able todemse a system of education which willinsure that every officer who servesin the United States Navy, regular o rreserves, will have received approxi-mately the same basic beginning train-ing so that there cannot again beeven the friendly debate as t o themerits of the trade school versus theuniversity country club. The detailsof this have not yet been worked outbut I regard it as one of the most ini-

portant tasks that face us in makingour plans for the post-war Navy.

f have said many times what I be-


1,040 HATS skim info the air as men of the Class of ‘46 throw away ca s

30

they wore as midshipmen. Scene of the traditional ceremony is Dahlgren Ha

lieve with all my heart, that this seaand air Navy of ours which has beenbuilt t o the point of great power andhigh efficiency must be one o€ themeans t o bulkwark our hopes and as-pirations for a world of justice, oflaw and of decency. To you I en-deavor t o say today that you have adouble obligation-the obligation t oreturn to the Navy in terms of hon-orable service what the Navy hasgiven you and will give you, and sec-ondly, to constitute in yourselves onemeans of keeping the American publicinformed of what the Navy is andwhat its needs are, that it is foundedin democracy and belief in ou r repub-lican institutions, and that it musthave the support of the Congress andthe people if we are t o keep it what itis today, the g reatest and finest Navyin the world.

Yo u leave Annapolis to become apar t of tha t grea t aggregation ofships and fighting men. Some of youwill go fairly swiftly to duty in de-stroyers and submarines, in the car-riers and on the battleships, and inthe Marine Corps. You will have thehigh privilege of taking pa rt in the

liquidation of our eastern enemy,Japan.

You go t o join a company of mag-nificent fight ing men. Let me readyou a paragraph from the letter writ-ten by Admiral Turner from Okinawa:

“All hands are having a tough timehere at Okinawa, but we are winning,no matter how slowly it seems. . . .You may have been proud of theseNavy boys of ours at Iwo, but yousimply can’t imagine the eruption ofcourage and determination and skillthey have displayed here at Okinawa.It’s a case where the people at the top

try to give a little guidance, and thenlet these grand young fellows we havein the Navy just take charge and dothings. Frankly, Mr. Secretary, it’sthe most thrilling experience anyonecould have and I’ve looked at youngnaval officers and young naval enlistedmen fo r a good many years. Theseyoung fellows are like a pair of run-away horses who have jerked the reinsout of your hands!”

Nevertheless, disposing of Japanwill not be an easy task. I should liketo believe that there is in the Japan-ese people th at “cracking point” whichwe so o f t e n see discussed. I hope

there is; but I am mindful of t he re-mark of a correspondent who hasbeen in the Pacific War at Guadal-canal, through Tarawa, Iwo Jima andOkinawa, that for 39 months he hadbeen watching for signs of what IS

called the “cracking point” in theJapanese and that he hasn’t seen ityet.

I expect that the Japanese will fightwith increasing tenacity and fury asour power begins to concentrate ontheir homeland. We have seen evi-dences of that fu ry a t Iwo Jima andon Okinawa. It will take the fullpower of the tremendoas war potentialthat we have mustered in the pastfour years if we are to secure what Itake i t to be the will of this country:the complete, unequivocal and uncon-ditional surrender of Japanese mili-tarism.

ALL UANVS- -



NEW ‘BOOKS IN SHIPS’ LIBRARIES

Sports Reports

New books from t he world of sportscover a lot of ground this month.Hunting, fishing, tennis, football, base-ball, skiing, racing-name your game,right down to chess, an d there’s some-thing new on the bookshelves for you.Here are some of the headliners:

“Esquire’s First Sports Reader” isedited and has an introduction by HerbGraffis, sports editor of Esquire maga-zine. Graffis tells his readers franklyth at the book was written for two rea-sons: first, t o avoid work, because theeditors of Esquire are tired of scram-bling through their files every time aTequest for one of these stories comesin; second, and more important, thepublishers think they’re going to makemoney on it.

The list of contributing authors is alittle Who’s Who in sports writing.Westbrook Pegler is represented by hisfamous “Are Wrestlers People?” Er n-

est Hemingway writes of the fishingand hunting world. As he says, “Whenyou cannot shoot, you can remembershooting.‘’ And “when you think back,you remember more fishing and shoot-ing and reading than anything elsethat is a pleasure.”

Perhaps before the war you were aski enthusiast, with an anxious eyecocked to the weather, worrying aboutvital problems like bindings, wax, sla-lom racing, telemarks and christies,and which was better : parallel or stemskiing. Otto La ng and FrederickLoosli continue that famous argumentin this book.

Another good sports round-up is“Best Sport Stories of 1944,” by Irv-ing Marsh and Edward Ehre. Thiscovers sports events of la st year : themiraculous rise of the St. LouisBrowns; their defeat by the Cards;Frankie Parker’s tennis comeback atForest Hills; Maggioli, the Marinetrainee , maintaining the luck of theIrish as he plays his final game forNotre Dame. In addition there areprize-winning pictures and detailed in-formation on sports records a nd cham-pionships.

If ,you’re par tial to the gallopinggee-gees, there’s Colonel Matt J.Winn’s life story, as told to Frank G.

Menke, ,,under t he title, “Down theStretch. In the last 70 years, ColonelWinn owned o r managed 11 racetracks, the most famous of them beingChurchill Downs. His career, setagainst a background of horses, rac-ing and race tracks, is not only a vividpicture of a sportsman-it is the his-tory of the Kentucky Derby itself,from 1875 t o 1944. There are photo-graphs of many of the more famoushorses, from Aristides down throughTwenty Grand, Whirlaway and Pen-sive, as well a s information about own-ers, trainers and jockeys.

“The time t o go fishing,” says El-

mer Ransom, “has nothing t o do withbarometric pressure or the wind direc-tions. The time t o go fishing is when-ever you can.” This gives you arough idea of what you’ll find in hisnew collection of stories, “Fishing’sJust Luck,” reprints from such maga-

JUlY 194s

zines as Field and Stream, OutdoorLife, The Saturday Evening Post andSports Afield.

For baseball fans there’s FrederickLieb’s “Connie Mack: The Grand OldMan of Baseball.” And for those wholike t o just sit and exercise theirbrains, Irving Chernev and KennethHarkness have written “An Invitation

t o Chess.” The authors are, respec-tively, the associate and managing edi-tor s of Chess Review, and have notruck with the popular belief thatchess is too deep for the average per-son. They say: “There are millionsof chess players in the world and mostof them are just ordinary people ofaverage intelligence.” Their bookdoesn’t pretend that it can tu rn begin-ners into experts, but it is desi ned, asthe jacket blurb points out, f o r per-sons who don’t know one chess piecefrom another.

For Laughing Purposes

Why anyone would take a book to adesert island while Dorothy, Lamourwas still available is not exactly clear,but H. Allen Smith has decided thatthere are lots of people like that so hehas compiled his own anthology of hu-mor called “Desert Island Decam-eron.” This is as funny in its ownway as those crack-pot best-sellersth at Smith wrote himself; “Lost in theHorse Latitudes,” “Life in a PuttyKnife Factyy” and “Low Man on aTotem Pole. Almost every author in-cluded is a humorist with an estab-lished reputation : FPA, Mark Twain,Herbert Asbury, Robert Benchley,Ring Lardner and Thorne Smith.

In “G. I. Joe,” Lt. Dave Breger hasbrought together the best cartoons ofhis hero, Pvt. Breger. The cartoonswere formerly published in “S ta rs andStripes” and the setting is Army. . . .The Navy has its cartoonists, too, 0neof the best being Alex Gard. In “SickBay,” a book of entertaining drawings,he shows what goes on among pa-tients, doctors, nurses and corpsmen ina Navy dispensary.

Ralph Temple’s “Cuckoo Time”takes place at Greenways Man om he reOscar Strudelpumpf is shooting a newfilm epic on the life of Queen Eliza-beth, with an ex-bubble dancer play-

ing the lead. . . Tom Powers’ “VirginWith Butterflies” is about a blondewho gets butterflies in her stomachwhen she is excited. . . . “The Half-Haunted Saloon” is described by itsauthor, Richard Shattuck, as a “verylight novel” about a respectable fam-ily who inherit a saloon from theirUncle Irving, who thinks they needloosening up. . . And “Footloose Fid-dler,” by H ar ry Miller Snd Pa ge Coop-er, traces the former as he fiddles hisway through the hotels, ranch dancesand honky-tonks of America’s South-

west.

And a Yo-Ho-HoSea stories still remain tops with

men who like their reading packedwith lusty adventure and romance.And there are few more expert pack-ers than C. s. Forester, the sea-,spe-cializing novelist who has won a siz-able following for his stories of theadventurous Capt. Horatio Horn-blower.

If you’ve followed some of the ear-lier adventures of Capt. Hornblower-“Beat to Quarters,” “Ship of theLine” and “Flying Colors”-you’ll

need no introduction to the latest For-rester novel, “Commodore Horn-blower.”

Delighted when orders from theBritish Admiralty send him to seaagain, Horatio Hornblower, with therank of commodore, leads a squadroninto the Baltic. It is 1812 and Napo-I I

HE book s r e v ie we d he r e a r e a m ong

those dis t r ibuted by BuPers to ship

an d shore stat ion l ibrar ies. A c o m p l e t e

l i s t of t i t les ava i lable wi l l appear regu-

la r ly in a new iourn a l of We l f a r e a c t i v i -

t ies , scheduled to appear shor t ly .

I I

lean Bonaparte is on the move again.Against him Hornblower maneuvershis roving squadron, consisting of oneship of the line, two sloops, two bombketches and a cutter.

Action, adventure, attempted assas-sina$ion, political intrigue and diplo-matic uproar follow swiftly as the sea-fa ring Hornblower proves to be a saltythorn in Bonaparte’s side.

“Commodore Hornblower” recentlyappeared as an eight-part serial inThe Saturday Evening Post, and hasalso been chosen as the June Book ofthe Month Club selection. For Navyreaders, it’s a 4.0 “natural.”

Navy and Army Artists Look at M ilitary Medicine

” R e m ov a l of a S p l in t e r ”

Dave B r e w in “GI Joe”

“Surgery“

31



REC'L TION of RE ERVE- OFFL A S T Fall a new system for the

classification of reserve officerswas provided f o r by BuPers Circ. Ltr.298-44 (NDB, July-Dec., 44-1146), andreported in detail in the Nov. 1944issue of ALL HANDS,p. 14 .

The tremendous task of assigningevery reserve officer to a new classifi-cation is about complete.

Although the circular letter care-fully described the method for puttinginto effect these new classifications,

made careful distinctions between gen-eral service and special service classi-fications, and laid out in considerabledetail the new designations whichwere to replace the old, there was, ofcourse, considerable latitude for inter-pretation as to just what qualifica-tions would qualify an officer for agiven classification. Many report ingseniors would put a wide variety ofinterpretation on the same classifica-tion since a specific definition was notgiven for each.

In order that all officers of the Navymay know the basis upon which Ba-Pers is assigning new classifications,

the Bureau's classification policies areoutlined below, along with definitionsof the various classifications.

Physical Oual i f ications

Here Are .Detailed Definitions of the New Designations

And an Outline of BuPers-

Policies in Assigning Them

if th e boar d of survey deflnitely statesthat the offlcer is not qualifled physicallyfor further sea duty, a special serviceclassiflcation is assigned. Recommenda-tions by a CO fo r a special service classi-flcation because an officer under his rom-

cation in Service Group I bu twho are physically qualifleh forthe performance of such duties.inService Groups I1 an d 111.

3. Whose training and abilities are sohighly specialized along technicallines that their assignment out-side continental limits would beundesirable. This classiflcation israrely assigned.

(A21 In general, the sam e qualiflca-

U 2 ) L

]tions apply as in (,AI), (A1)L

S(A2 ) and S(A1 ) respectively exceptthat they apply to LTA navalaviators, who1 were formerlyclassifled A-V(N).

~ -....

m:ind is suhjcct to- seasickness are notawepted. Only when tho ofticer has beenordered before a board of medical survw.and disqualifled for further sea duty isthe special service classiflcation assignkd.

Age, Rank, Se a DutyIn assigning general service classiflca-

tions to line officers, the Bureau was cog-nizant of the fac t that m any officerscould not qualify becau se of "incompati-bility between rank, age, and previoussea experience." Tho usa nds of line of-flcers, though meeting all the physical re-quirements for sea duty, had no sea dutyexperience and were deemed to have toomuch rank and to be beyond the age lim-its for training for sea duty. The Bureauset an arbitrary age and rank limitation.Line lieutenants over 35, having no pre-vious sea duty, were for the most partexcluded from a general service classifl-cation. Some exceptions will be describedbelow. The rule does not apply to staffcorps officers.

Deflned below are the various classifl-cations of the l ine and staff corns. As-

(A3)-This general s(A3)-This gen eral service classiflcationis for naval aviators who :

1. Are former A-V(G) officers.2. Are physically qualifled for actual

control of aircraft and on duty in-volving flying.

3. Hav e served a s aviators on a shipor ai rcr aft squadro n of the fleetfo r a sufficient period to deter-mine their full qualiflcation forsuch duty.

(A3) &This limited g ene ral serviceclassiflcation is for naval aviatorswho :

1. Are fo rme r A-V(G) officers.2. Are physically qualifled in Service

Group I and on duty involvingflyina.

is for- naval aviators who :1. Are former A-V(G) officers.2. Are physically qualifled for actual

control of aircraft and on duty in-volving flying.

3. Hav e served a s aviators on a shipor ai rcr aft squadro n of the fleetfo r a

sign men ts of new classiflcations -by Bu-Pers are based on these definitions.

3. A re recommended fo r general ser v-ice by the Chief of Naval Air In-termediate Training and Chief ofNaval Air Operational Trainingin accordance with BuPers Circ.Ltr. 87-44, and have not servedas an aviator on a ship or air-cra ft squad ron of t he fleet for asufficient period to determine the irqualiflcation for such duty.

S(A3)-Same requirements as for S(A1)except officer is former A-V(G)officer. Th e assignme nt of such aclassiflcation would rarely occur.

(A4) In general, the same qualifica-(A4)L } tions apply as in (A3), (A3 )LS(A4) and S (A3) respectively except

that they apply to LTA navalaviators who were formerly

classifled A-V(G).(A5 )-This gen eral service classiflcation isfor officers who :

1. Are former A-V(T) officers.2. Are physically qualifled for actual

control of ai rcraf t an d on dutyinvolving flying.

3 . Are under 40 years of age.4. Have satisfactorily performed du-

ties either within or without thecontinental U. S.

5. If ove r 40, a r e on duty beyond th econtinental U. S., and actuallyperforming duties commensuratewith their rank in this classiflca-tinn

?he driginal physical requirementsnecessary to qualify for general serviceduties as stated in Circ. Ltr. 298-44 weremodifled bv Alnav 206-44. As now inter-preted by-the Bureau, a general serviceofficer of t he line mus t hav e at least1 2 / 2 0 vision in both eyes, correctable to20/20 by lenses, with binocular vision15/20. Normal color uercention andhearing 15/15 each ea< whispered orspoken voice, &e required. I t should beemuhasized that Alnav 206-44 lists thephysical requirements for initial transferto a gen eral service classiflcation an ddoes not apply to offlcers already daving

1. Are'attached to an aviation activity

and performing aviation duties.2. Meet th e physical requ irements fora general service officer.

3. Have not yet served beyond thecontinental U. S. (sea or foreignshore) in aviation duties.

S (A)-Those non-flying av iat ion officerswho :

1. Are attached to an aviation activityand performing aviation duties.

2. Are not physically qualifled for gen-eral service, or

3. Are over 35 and have not servedoutside the continental U. S.. or

a general service classiflcation.

Many gen eral service officers of th eline, formerly classifled C-V(G), D-V(G),E-V(G). DE-V(G). etc., are performingsatisfactory service at sea even thoughthey do not meet these physical require-ments. The Bureau's policy in thesecases has been to retain such officers ina general service classiflcation under thenew system of classification. Those of-flcers. however. carrvina general serviceclassiflcations and s6rvi6g-ashore at th etime of reclassiflca tion who could no tmeet the physical requiiements as stated,were for -the most art given a specialservic!: classinca tion in keeping with - he irqualiflcations and duties being performed.It was the opinion of the Bureau that it

4. Are under 35 and physically quali-fled, whose ,training has been sohighly restricted that their serv- CA5)C-ThYsicationimiteds for :eneral service classi-

was not desirable to send these officershark to sea.

ices are of urimarp value to theaeronautical -0 gan iz t i o n andwhose training and abilitiek areso highly specialized that their

assignment outside continental

1. Those newly commissioned officersof the former A-V(T) classifica:tion, whose tour of du tv ha s not

...

The--physical requirements specifled inAlnav 2 0 6 -4 4 apply only t o officers of

the line. and not to aviators or staff been of such duration gs to fullvcorus reserve officers. In ma nv cas es limits would be undesirable.(A1 )-This gen eral service classiflcation.^ ,.-.

. .. -.. ."qualify them for the performanceof all the duties of their rankwithin their classiflcation.

2. Other requirements are same as fo r

staff corps officers were recommended fora special service classification becausethey did not meet the physical aualifl-

1D I"'.

1. Former A-V(N) officers2. Who ar e physically qualifled for ac-

tual control of ai rcraf t and oncations as modified by the Alnav. It isobvious tha t officers of t he variou s staff

(A!) above, paragraphs 1, 2 & 3.S(A5)-This special service classiflcation

i s f o r .orps could perform all of their dutiessatisfac torily without meeting the phys-ical requirements outlined above. Avi-

duty involving flying3. And who have served as aviators

in a ship or airc raft sauadron of

-- - _ _ .1. Form er AV(T ) officers.2. Those over 40 year s of a ge and not

within the requirements of para-graph 5 under the (A5) classifl-cation above.

3. Those not physically qualifled foractual control of aircraft in Serv-ice Group I, but physically quali-fled for such duty in ServiceGroup I1 or 111.

(A6) In gegeral, the sam e qualiflca-(A6)L } tions apply as in (A5), (A5)LS(A6) an d S(A 5) respectively except

that they apply to LTA navalaviators who were formerlyclassifled A-V(T)

BY Alnav 195, he "D" may be addecl tothe general service classiflcation (AI)through (A61 in order properly to classifythose naval aviators who qualify asOfficers of the Deck Underway in additiont o their aviation duties at sea. Similarly,

ALL UAIVVS

ators. on the other hand. have much the fleet for a sufficient period todetermine their qualification forsuch duty.

(A1)L-This limite d general serv ice

higher physical requitrements.Many general service officers of the

deck classifications have been recorn-mended for a suecial service classifica- classiflcation is for aviators who :

1. Are former A-V(N) officers.2. Are physically qualified for actual

tion bec ause -of Pailure to pass the Ra-dium Plaq ue Adaptomete r Test-a tes tfor night vision. Nothing in the physicalaualiflcations stated in Alnav 206-44 dis-

control of -aircraft and on dutvinvolvine flvine.

6ualifies an officer from a general serviceclassification because of fai lure to pass

this test. Such officers a re still gualified

3. Have not-serkez as aviators on aship or aircraft squadron of the

fleet for a sufficient period to de-to perform all duties of a general serviceofflcer except night lookout duties. Wh ena general service line officer (except avi-ators) is ordered before a board of med-ical survey, and i s t o be reexamined insix months or one year, he retains thegeneral service classiflcation until hisfltness for duty is determined. However,

termine their full qualificationsfor duty.

S (AI )-This special service classiflcationis for aviators :

1. Who are former A-V(N) officers.2. Who a re permanently not physically

qualifled in the performance of allduties of their rank and classifl-

32



non-flying a viation officers who ha vequalified for the (A) classification. andhave in addition qualified as Officer of th eDeck Underway, may be classified (AD).Most olllcers bearing this classiflcationwould have served at sea in their non-flying aviation duties, and then qualifledfo r the addition of th e (D).

Hun dred s of officers othe r than s taffcorps omcers based at aviation activitiesbut not performing aviation duties areclassifled (D)L or (S) . Those officers en-gaged in Welfare and Recreation, Morale,Shore Patrol, Ship’s Service, BO&, Secur-ity, Legal, Wa r Bond Sales, Rations, Pub-lic Relations, Public Works and the likear e not given (A )L or S( A) classiflcationsbut are assigned (D )L or (S). Require-ments for these classiflcations are de-scribed below.

C O M M U N I C A T I O N S(C)-This classiflcation is given to thos e

communication officers who meet thephysical standards fo r a general serviceofficer an d who hav e fully qualifled asCommunications Watch Officer at sea. Anexception is made f o r the officer formerlyhaving a general service communicationclassification, C-V(G), who is professiqn-ally qualifled for the new general serviceclassification of (IC). bu t who is n ot v hvs-ically qualifled a nd is pe rforming -corn-munication duties afloat. He may begiven the general service classiflcation of(C). . Man y of t hese officers bear ing aclassification of (C ) have received train-in g in communicationi-- t communicationschools such as Harvard, Noroton, LosAngeles. or the Pos t Graduate School atthe- Nav al Academy. Many received no

formal training but qualifled throughpractical experience for the (C) classiflca-tion.

(C)L-Those offlcers who are now serv-ing at sea in communication duties butare not yet fully qualifled communicationwatch officers, and those who, with nocommunications experience at sea, havebeen performing communication dutiesashore, within or without the continentallimits of the U. S., ar e classifled as (C)L.The “L” may be eliminated only uponsuch communication officers qualifyingfully in communication duties a t sea.Aaain. these officers mav be sroduc ts ofcrhnunicrrtion schools or ma? have re-ceived no formal tiaining. They must alsomeet the physical stan dard s for a gcneralservice classiflcation.

(CD)-Many qualifled ,(C), fficefs, in

addition to their communication duties atsea, have qualified as Officer of t he DeckUnderway. Where a general service Officerhas so qualified the (CD) classiflcation isassigned. Many reporting seniors haverecommended a (CD)L classification fora n officer under hi s command. The modi-fler “L” is never used in conjunction withthe (CD) classiflcation since it is im-DOSSible to determine whether the “L”modifles the OC) or (D). If an officer isa fully qualified communications officer atsea, classifled (C) . and in train ing fo rdeck duties but has not yet fully quali-fled as Officer of t he Deck Underway . th ecommanding officer should withhold recom-mendation until he can qualify fo r th e(CD) classification.

S ((2)-This special serv ice classiflcationis aiven t o the following categories ofcom-munication officers : -

1. Those who have performed all com-munication duties ashore, within or with-out the contin ental limits of t he U. S..and whose rank and age (over 3 5 ) makeassignment to sea duty improbable.

2. Those who do not meet the pre-scribed physical s tandards fo r duty afloatas general service officer.

3 . Certain special service officers suchas Landline Officers.

An officer who formerly carried theC-V(S) classification. and who is notphysically qualifled for duty afloat, willbe classifled S(C) even though he may beperforming duties afloat,

S(C%>-Thosp officers formerlv classi-.._.fled ~ C-V (X) and engaged now “in ,corn-munication intelligence duties ar e assignedth e S ‘22) classiflcation. All officers bear -ing this classification have been approvedby the Chief of N ava l Operations.

The discussion of communication classi-flcations is incomplete without referencet o Registered Publication Officers, PostalOfficers. and Communication Officers ofthe Amphibious Forces.

1. Although primarily shore based, Reg-istered Publications Issuing Officers andcustodians of registered publications willbe given a genera l service communicationclassiflcation (C)L if physically qualified.

ClULY 1945

. .classiflcation is assigned. .2. Officers whose principal training and

duties have been as Postal Officers willnot be given a communication classiflca-tion. Most of the Postal Officers areassigned (S) , though a small number havebeen assigned the (D )L classification be-cau se of th e sho rt period of time in suchduty, and their rank, age, and physicalqualiflcations are more accurately de-scribed by th e ( D )L classification.

3. Officers assigned to individual shipsof an Amphibious Force who have had nocommunication experience or training ex-cept at an amphibious training base arenot niven a communication rla.saiflrationan t ’ k not expected thn t thtji. services willbe rwtricted primarily to cominunications.Ofiicers performing coniniunication duties

on the staffs of amphibious flotillas priorto June 1944 m av be classifled fC) : afterJune 1944, m i y be classifled’ ’ (C)L.Officers having received communicationstraining other than at an amphibioustraining base (Le., communications schoolsmentioned above) who are assigned toindividual ships or flotilla staffs may beclassified (C) o r ( C ) L as assrosriate.. . , _ _ -

DECK(D)-T+ general service, unlimited,

classiflcation is assigned to those officerswho are qualified as Officers of the DeckUnderway, and who meet the physical re-quirements for the general service offlcer.It is recognized that officers qualified asOOD on small ships will not in all likeli-hood be able t o stand a top watch im-mediately upon reporting aboard a largership. Until the officer has been givensufficient time to qualify it is lzot desir-able that a recommendation for a changeof classiflcation fro m unlimited (D ) tolimited (D )L be forwarded to the Bureau.

( D ) G T h i s general service, limited,classiflcation is assigned to the followinggro up s of officers:1. Those officers who m eet th e physical

requirements f o r a general service officer,who are performing deck duties at sea,but who have not yet qualifled as Officerof t he Deck Underw ay.

2. Those officers. not over the rank oflieutenant, 35 yea rs of ag e and under, andphysically qualifled for sea duty, who areeligible for training fo r sea duty even

-.he has qualifled ~ ~ ~ $ ~ &for Engineering Officer of the Watch. Iti s recoxnizcd also that the otlicer n.hoqualifies fo r thc (DE) clnssifirntionaboavd smnll craft cannot i n m ~i:itclyqualify aboard large combat ships orauxiliaries. If such a change of duty doestake place it is recommended that +eofficer be given an opportunity to qualifyin this classification before the command-ing officer recommends a change of classi-fication.

The (DE) classiflcation is also given tothose officers who h ave qualifled in gub-marines. Officers who hav e not qualifledin submarines a re considered to be intraining simultaneously for the (D ) and(E ) classification. Since ther e is no(D E )L classiflcation, it is th e ,practice ofthe Bureau to temporarily assign ( E ) or

( E ) L to f or mer E- V( G ) . and E- V( S)officers, and (D) o r (D )L in the case offormer D-V(G) or D-V(S) officers, untilsuch time as the officers qualify in sub-marines, when the (DE) ’ classiflcationwill be assigned.

The “L” is ’neyer used in conjunctionwith (DE) since it is not possible to in-dicate whether the %‘.’ modifies the (?)or (E). An officer having the (E ) cl a s pfication, bu t in train ing fo r deck dutiesshould not be recommended for a (DE)Lclassification by his commanding officer.Rather the commanding officer shouldwait until such an officer is a fully quali-fled Officer of t he Deck Under way an dthen recommend the (DE) classification.

(DEM)-Those offlcers of the merch antmarine branch of th e Naval Reserve whoare fully qualifled on Navy ships s ~ 9

Officer of the Deck Underway and as En-

eineerina Officer of the Watch.S(DEM)-Those officers who form erly

qualified fo r the (DEM ) ,classification bu twho have been disqualifled by medicalsurvev for further sea duts. and are re-tained on active duty in a shore billet.

(DM)L-For two groups of officers ofthe merchant marine branch of the NavalReserve :

1. Those newly commissioned and serv-ing on merchant vessels with no previousnaval exserience as officers.

2. Those now on sea duty who havenot fully qualifled as an Officer of th e

though all their naval duties have been * ‘ , m $ ~ ~ ) , , ; u , - e o ~ ~~ e

have fullv aualifled as a n Officer of the

,Deck Underway.

sho re based. These a re officers whosenaval duties have not been so highly spe-cialized that they warrant an ( S ) classi-flcation. M an s officers 35 and under, en-gaged in pefsonnel duties, welfare andrecreation, at hletic training, educationalservices, legal duties, ship’s service andBO& activities and a host of administra-tive tas ks feel th at they should be assignedthe more restricted (S ) classiflcation. Itis the opinion of the B ure au, however,tha t the (D )L classiflcation is apprcpriatein most of these cases. It is not antici-pated that all officers assigned the (D)Lclassiflcation can be given the necessarytraining for sea duty at the present time.The use of officers for sea duty, who havehad no previous sea duty and have beenassigned the (D )L classiflcation, will re-late to the over-all distribution needs ofthe Navy.

3. Those officers regardless of age whoare performing Armed Guard duty afloat,or who are serving as Beach Masters orBeach Battalion Officers are assigned the(D )L Classification.

4. Bomb Disposal Officers,, if p hysi callyqualifled Eor sea duty, are given the (D )Lclassiflcation, ather than the restrictedS ( 0 ) classiflcation. Since most of theseofficers serve.at sea, it was felt. that theyshould be given a , classiflcation whichwould permi t th e performance of deckduties. When s uch a n officer qualifles asOfficer of the Deck Underway he is en-titled to the (D ) classiflcation. Th e spe-cialized training that this officer has re-ceived in Bomb Disposal is not lost sightof since the records of the Bureau indi-cate officers qualifled by training an8 ex-perience as Bomb Disposal Officers.

Note: The “L” modifier has nothing todo with physical qualifications. It merelyindicates that the officer is not profession-all y qualified i n all duties of his ra nk atsea.

(DE) classiflcation who aualifv as Office(DE)-Those officers ar e assigned th e

rof the Deck Underway and also ’as En-gineering Officer of the Watch. A quali-fied Deck Officer (D) who has had train-ing in some branch of eng ineering in acollege or university, or who has receivedtraining in a naval diesel or steam en-gineering school, should not be recom-mended for the (DE) classiflcation until

Deck UnderGay on naval Vessels.S(DM )-For two groups of officers of

the merchant marine branch of the Naval

Reserve :1. Those formerly (DM) who havebeen physically disqualifled for furthersea duty by medical survey and ar e re-tained on active duty in a special servicebillet ashore.

2 . Those over 35 , who have had nosea duty on naval ships and whose bil-lets ar e of such a specialized nature itis not likely they will be assigned t o seaduty.

(S) CLASS1FICAT1,ON(S)-This special service , unlimited ,

classiflcation is for :1. Those officers who are Dennanhtlv

retained on active duty though limitedphysically in the ir performance of d uty

to shore billets.2. Those officers over 35 who have hadno sea duty; and those officers over therank of lie utenan t with no sea duty ex-perience. The Bu reau is of the opinionthat age and rank in these cases arelargely incompatible with training f or seaduty and the (S ) classiflcation is as-signed. These officers ar e for the mostpart former D-V(S) officers who werec‘ommissioned fo r specific bille ts o r sse-cia1 programs Calling for offlcers who hadcertain skills and qualiflcations acquiredin civilian life. Such officers ar e assignedduties ashure, within o r without the con-tinental limits of t he U. s.

3. Those afficers who due to the needsof the service ar e of p aramo unt value inthe€r presen t adminis trztive billet ashore.This category represents a small groupof specialists, some of whom may be 35

and under, whose specialized trainingwould be difficult to replace, and whosegreatest contribution to the Navy lies inthe performance of duties in th e billetsthey fill.

ENS!NEERJNG(E)--This classification is assigned to

those engineering officers who are fullyqualified to perform all the du ties of th eirrank at sea, which means, speciflcally,

33



that the offlcer must be qualified as En-gineering Officer of the Wat ch at sea andmeet the physical requirements fo r gen-eral service officers.

(E)L-This classiflcation is assignedthos e offlcers whose train ing experience,and naval duty has been in'engineeringbut who, because of lack of sea duty 0;

too brief a tour of duty at sea, are notyet qualifled to stand engineering watchesafloat. To be eligible for the (E)Lclassiflcation, offlcers must meet all thephysical requirements for sea duty andmust not be over 35. Whenever the of-flcer has had sufficient experience to be-come qualified for the (E ) classification.the "L" may be dropped.

The (E)L classification will be as-signed. if uhvsical reauiremen ts ar e met.to- many rkckntly apcointed -officers who

have been given specialized trainin g, such&s Nava l Architecture, ,Diesel Engine eringtraining in Electronics Material. andoth er -specialized engineering courses.These otlicers will be assigned, wherepracticable. duties a t se a in conncctionwith their specialty' and in some caseswill undoubtedly qdalify for the unlim-ited general service engineering designa-tion, (E). In other cases the degree ofspecialization and proflci6ncy will laterdictate a reclassiflcation to the Reserveequivalent of a n ED 0 office+S(El).S(E2) , etc.

(EM)L-For two grou ps of offlcers ofthe merchant marine branch of t he NavalReserve :

1. Those newly commissioned and serv-ing on merchant vessels with no previousexperience as offlcers.

2. Those now on active duty who have

not fully qualified as Engineering Offlcersof the Watch.(EM)-Those offlcers of th e me rch an t

marina branch of the Naval Reserve whohave fully qualified as Engineering Officerof th e Watch .

S(EM)-For two gro ups of offlcers ofthe m erchant marine branch of the NavalReserve :1. Those formerly (EM who have

been physically disqualified' for furthersea duty by medical survey and ar e re-tained on active duty in a special servicebillet ashore.

2. Those over 3 5 who have had n o seadut y on naval ships and whose billets areof such suecialized natu re i t is not likelythey will be assigned to sea duty.

asalaned to the following groups :S(E)-This rlnvsification is normally

1.- Those saecial senrice officers whose

train ing and- experience has been sohighly restricted that their services areof value primarily to the engineering or-ganization of th e- Na w. and whose train-ing has been limited tb. the extent that i tis not considered suitable to assign themthe special service, unlimited. or (S),classification.

Those offlcers of th e engineering or-ganizat ion whose age (over 3 5 ) rank(over lieuten ant) and lac k of pkevioussea duty make aisignment to sea duty ina n engineering billet improbable.

3. Those offlcers of the englneering or-ganization who are physically disquali-fled for sea duty in, a general serviceclassification.

A special service classiflcation does notpreclude an officer from duty aboard shipin specialized billets' it does howeverlimit his performing &I1 of th i duties oia general service offlcer aboard ship.

In Group 1 above are offlcers engagedin research and development, design,construction installation, maintenance re-pai r, and idspection of al l kinds of sdips,ship material, and shipborne equipment.They are offlcers under cognizance ofBuShips who by the nature of their du-ties are largely shor e based. While en-gaged in specialized engineering duties,they have not yet reached a degree oftechnical skill and competence which en-title them to the E D 0 equivalent classi-flcation-S(E1). S(E2) . etc.-defined be-low.

2 .

Also included in th e flrst group are of-flcers procured for certain special pro-grams under the cognizance of BuShiDswhich reauire hiehlvsaecialized uersonneland whiih, because of priority and urg-ency, make it desirable that officer pnr-

sonnel. regard less of eligibility fc r spaduty, be assigned the S(E) classiflcation.Hun dre ds of offlcers hav e been procuredfrom civilian life and commissioned fromwithin the service for the following spe-cial programs :1. Ship Repair-Officers possess ing de-

grees i n Naval Architecture combinedwith practical experience in the fleld ofNaval Architecture, or holding degrees

34



in the maintenance and usually also in theoperation of any type of underwater ord-nance except stan dar d torpedoes. Thisclassiflcation includes those officers quali-fied in the maintenance of mine mecha-nism, depth charge mechanisms and spe-cial highly classifled underwater gearwhich does not fall into either of th esecategories. I n some cases, an S ( 0 6 ) offi-cer will know both mine and depth-chargemechanisms ; more frequently he wi ll. bea n expe rt in only one of these categories.

RADIO SPECIALIST

“T” is the Radio Specialist designatorappen ded to t he classiflcation of officerswho ar e trained in th e technical and ma-terial aspects of radio, radar , sonar, andrelated electronic equipment. It is no tgiven to those qualifled in radio only,rad ar only sonar only or related elec-tronics eauium ent onlv. The “T” designa-tion is n6rmally given to those who havegraduated from the full Navy electronicscourse at the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology.

When used with an aviation classiflca-tion “T’ indicates an officer who istraihed in the technical and material as-pects of airborne electronic equipment.When used with an engineering classiflca-tion “T” indicates an officer who istraihed in the technical and material as-pects of shipborne electronic equipment.It should be noted that “E” when usedsingly with “ T ’ does not mean the officeris qualifled to stand engine room watches.The one exception is the officer who isadditionally qualifled to stand engine-room watches and is assigned the classifl-cation (DE) as indicated in paragraph 1below.

Th e sufflx “L” and the preflx “S,” whenused as a pa r t of the classiflcation towhich the “T” is appended, indicate theofficers’ qualiflcations for sea duty. Thesuffix “E ’ s given officers who are poten-tially qualifled for sea duty by reason ofphysical condition, age and rank, or whoare now serving at sea, but who have notqualifled professionally. In case of doubt,“L” is assigned an d ma y be removed atthe discretion of the commanding officer,as provided in Circ Ltr. 2 9 8 - 4 4 . The pre-flx “S” is assigned officers who ar e notqualifled fo r sea du ty by reason of physi-cal condition, or because their age. rank,and lack of previous sea duty make as-signments to sea duty improbable. Theseofficers, accordi ng to t h e needs of t he se r-vice, however, may be assigned sea billets.

Following are th e only “T’ classiflca-tions currently being assigned :

1. ( D E ) - T - G e n e r a l s e r v i c e offlcertrained in the technical and material as-pects of ship borne electronic equip mentand qualifled to stand both top-deck andengine-room watches.

2 . (E )- T- Ge ne ra l service officer trainedin technical and material aspects of ship-borne electronic equipment.

3 . (E)L-T-General s e r v i c e offlcertrained in technical and material aspectsof shipborne electronic equipment. bu t notyet fully qualifled for the duties of hisrank and classification at sea.

4. S (E)-T-Special s e r v i c e offlcertrained in the technical and material as-pects of shipborne electronic equipment.

5. S (E 3 -T-Special s e r v i c e officertrained in the technical and material as-pects of shipborne electronic equipmentwho in the broad fleld of electrical engi-neering is equivalent to th e EDO. USN.

6 . W(E)-T-Wave offlcers train ed in thetechnical and mat erial as pects of ship-born e electronic equipment. The two-months adm inistrative coymes do not qual-ify Wave officers for “T.

7. (A)-T Same as 2. 3, and 4 above8. (A)L-T / with “airborne” substitu ted9 . S(A )-T for “shiuborne.”10. (AD)-T’-Sarqe as 7 b i t additionally

qualifled to stand deck watches.The aviation pilot classiflcations (A1

through A6 and SA1 through SA6) maybe assigned in place of (A) and S(A) inthe examples and indicate the officer isadditionally aualifled in technical and ma-teria l aspectsof airbo rne electronic equip-ment.

C IC WA TC H OFF IC E RThe following specialty designators are

appended to the classiflcation of offlcersqualifled for assignment in CIC:

1. The specialty designator “R” is thebmic CIC designator and indicates thatthe offlcer is a CIC Watch Officer and assuch is well versed in all phases of theoperation of CIC except control of air-craft. H e should in addition be qualifledas a Deck Watch Officer if practicable.

2. The specialty designator ‘X” ndi-cates t h at t he offlcer, In addition to having

JULY r94s

the qualiflcations for the basic designator(R), is qualifled in aircraft control excepta t night or in conditions of low visibility.

3 . The specialty designator ‘ I N ’ indi-cates t ha t th e officer, in additjon t o havi ngthe qualiflcations f o r the designators “R ”and “ X ’ is qualified in aircraft controlunder all conditions.

Thes e suffixes mus t be used singly : com-binations, such as RX, a r e no t assigned.CIC officers, in-other than aviation classi-fications, mu st be qualifled fo r sea duty toqualify for the “ R ’ “X ’ or “N” suffix.

The suffix “R’ r “X” or “N” may beappended to the following classiflcations :

8. (C)L9 . ( A ) L

1. (DE )

I . ( U JU

The CIC specialty designators ar e neverused in conjunction with the rad io specid-ist classiflcation “T.”

WAVE

Wave offlcers for the most part havebeen assigned the new classiflcation ( W ) .The following exceptions a re noted :

1 W(A)-Fo r those Wave officersundercognizance of B uA er who hav e completedcourses of ins truct ion as officers in Aero-logical Engineering, Air Combat Informa-tion, Celestial Navigation (Air Navigat ion) ,Air Navigation, Gunnery, Recognition,Recognition and Gunnery, PhotographicInterpretation Ad ati on Communications,Radio-Rad ar (W ard Island, Corpus Christi)and have been assigned to duties at avia-tion activities utilizing this training. These

are the only Wave officers assigned theW ( A ) classiflcation. Wa ve officers per-forming a wide variety of administrativefunctions in aviation activities ar e classi-fled (W).

2 . W(C)-For thos e Wa ve offlcers whoseduties are primarily in communications.Man v received communication school tr ain -ing hiid were assigned to variou s navalactivities fo r communication duties only.Others had no formal communicationschool training, but through practicalcommunications experience in nav al activi-ties qualifled f or this classification.

3. W(C2)-For a small group of Waveofficers who aualifv in communications in-telligence. Only those approved by theChief of Naval Operations have been soclassifled.

4 . W(E)-For a limited number ofWa ve officers who a re engaged in researchor design und er the cognizance of the Bu-reau of Ships or who have completed theRadio, Radar, Sonar course at Fleet Ser-vice Schools NOB Norfolk Va. and arenow perfo&ing duti es &der BuShips’cognizance which utilize their training.

5 . W(E)-T-Refer to the deflnition ofthis classiflcation under the discussionabove of the Radi o Specialist classification.

6 . W(1)-For a small group of Waveofficers performing intelligence duties un-der comizan ce of the Naval IntelligenceOrganization.

7. H(W)-This classiflcation has beenassigned to those Wave Offlcers who areperforming duties in a specialty under

-

cogni zance of th e BuMed. Offlcers soclassifled ar e engaged in occupationaltherapy, physiotherapy, bacteriology, ser-ology, etc.

Sta f f C orp s C lass if ica t ions

CIVIL ENGINEER CORPSOriginally Circ. Ltr. 298-44 provided

for a general service officer to be classi-fled CEC, and f ou r groups of special ser-vice officers, CE C( S) , CEC(S1). CEC (S2)an d CEC(S3). By Circ. Ltr. 3 8 - 4 5 , how-ever, classiflcations fo r th e Civil Engineer-ing Corps were reduced to two, namelyCEC and CEC(S).

CEC-The CEC classiflcation is givento all re serve officers of t h e Civil En-gineering Corps with the exception ofthose engaged in cargo loading and steve-

Sta f f C orp s C lass if ica t ions

CIVIL ENGINEER CORPSOriginally Circ. Ltr. 298-44 provided

for a eeneral service officer to be classi-fled CEC, and f ou r groups of special ser-vice officers, CEC(S) ,. CEC(S1). CEC (S2)an d CEC(S3). By Circ. Ltr. 3 8 - 4 5 . how-ever, classiflcations fo r th e Civil Engineer-ing Corps were reduced to two, namelyCEC and CEC(S).

CEC-The CEC classiflcation is givento all re serve officers of t h e Civil En-gineering Corps with the exception ofthose engaged in cargo loading and steve-dorine dutiks.

-

CEC(S)-Officers engag ed in car go load-ing and stevedoring duties are given theCEC(S) classiflcation. the (S) n this caseindicating special service in stevedoringduties.

CHAPLAIN CORPS

ChC-Almost al l rese rve offlcers of theChaplain Corps are given the generalservice classiflcation of ChC.

ChC(S)-There are a few offlcers of theChaplain Corm who are restricted in theirperformance -of duty by medical survey,such limitation resulting from active ser-vice in combat areas. Those officers areclassifled ChC (S). 6

_ DENTAC E O R K 7-

DC--General service officers of theDental Corps are assigned a classificationof DC. Most of th e reserve officers of theDental Corm will bear this classiflcationand a re regarded as eligible for dutyafloat or ashore.

DC(S)-This special service classiflca-tion is for:

1. Dental offlcers not physically quali-fled for se a duty as determined by BuMed.

2 . Dental offlcers whose specializedtraining over a considerable period oftime renders them unsuitable for generalduty assignments.

3. Dental officers 50 years of a ge orover. HOSPITAL CORPS

HC-Reserve offlcers qualifled for gen-eral duties of the Hospital Corps.

HC(S )-Hos pital Corp s offlcers, whose

qualiflcations are limited to their par-ticular specialty, such as chemistry, bac-teriology physiotherapy etc.

The HC and HC (S) ’classiflcations are

classiflcations ar e -accomulished on thebasis of temporary promotions from en-listed members of the Hospital Corps.

H(S)-Reserve officers who qual ify intheir specialty such as Rodent Control,Psychology, Oito metry , etc.

Officers of the line and other staff corps,as well as enlisted personnel, who applyfor a commission in some specialty com-ing un der cognizance of BuMed, such asMalariology, Psychology, Optometry, etc.,apply for the H(S) classiflcation rathertha n the HC (S) lassification. This classi-

flcation, H(S), is not a Hospital Corpsclassification but represents officers com-missioned for their qualiflcations in aspecialty utilized bv BuMed when vacan-cies exist fo r such- officers.

MED ICAL CORPSMiC-Most res erv e off ice rs of the Med-

ical Corps will be assigned the generalservice classiflcation MC. indicating thevare qualified for duty afloat or ashore.

tion is for Medical Corps officers:MC (S)-This special service classiflca-

1. Whose uhvsical s tatu s warra ntsassignment to iimited shore (includingforeign shore) duty.

2 . Who are s o specialized that they donot qualify for general duty.

3. 5 0 year s of age an d over.

SUPPLY CORPSSC-This gen era l service classiflcation

for rescrve Supply Corps officers is given

to :1. .Those who have had supply and dis-

bursing background by reason of trainingand/or experience.

2 . Those who:(a ) Have had independent d uty

afloat.(b) Have had independent duty over-

seas.(c) Have been the Supply Offlcer of

a section base, naval air station,or similar activitv within thecontinental limits &f th e U. S.

SC(S)-This special service classiflca-tion is fo r the following reserve SU PP~Yco rm offlcers:

1. Those engaged in a grea t var ie ty ofspecial duties vital to the funct ioning ofthe Supply Corps in time of wa r, such asurocurement. cost insuection. machine ac-counting, packaging, transportation cargo

loading warehousing commissary ’etc. Inmost c‘ases these officers were brocuredfrom civilian life for special service dutiesin the Supply Corps because their civilianoccupational qualifications were almostidentical with those desired by the SupplyCorps.

2. Those engaged in administrativeduties only in various activities of theSupply Corps, within or without the con-tinental limits of the U. s. Most of theseofficers were, in civilian life, in executivepositions and were procured as ideallysuited for administrative functions withinthe Supply Corps.

3. Those in training for general serviceduties in the Navy Supply Corps SchoolHarvard Graduate School of BusinessAdministration. Upon satis facto ry com-pletion of this course, these officers aretransferred from SC(S) to SC.

4. Those general service Supply Corpsofflcers who do not meet the prescribedphysical standards for promotion in ageneral service category are transferredto SC(S).

SC-M-This classiflcation is given tothose Supply Corps officers who formerlyheld a Supply Corps, Merchant Marinecommission.

35



r . ... .. .,,

MAGAZINE DIGESTExcerpts from current articles of interest to naval personnel

Etiquette o f SurrenderIt would have been common sense

for the Japanese to surrender uncon-ditionally after the wholesale destruc-tion of their fleet and the recapture of

Manila. I t would be common sense fo rthem t o surrender this instant.

But the issue of war and peace in-volves more to the Japanese than com-mon sense. There is ,involved the wholequestion of Japanese society, highlydissimilar to o u r own, and of theJapanese mind that holds the societytogether. Unlike th e Germans, whounderstand surrender and abdication-which were the refuge of the Kaiserand the conscious abomination of Hit-ler-the Japanese do not understandthem at all. What Ja pa n needs is asymbolic act in tune with the high andancient Japanese tragedy. .

What Japan is looking for now is aformula for a “moral” surrender. Anegotiated peace could be a formula,bu t . . . the Japanese have no chanceof gett ing one. The Emperor offers noready formula. He cannot act becausehe is only a Name signed to ordersissued by others-though as such he isthe keystone of t he whole edifice ofJapanese loyalty and duty. Perhapsthe Japanese will find some other for-mula t o make their surrender honor-able in their own minds. Perhaps theycan capitalize on the collapse of Ger-many; perhaps the militarist s andministers will commit suicide. Perhaps

the Emperor’s advisers will tell himt o invite Allied protection on the pre-text of protecting him from them-selves: no one can tell what the Japa-nese may come up with.

The Japanese predicament, there-fore, seems t o pivot on a triviality ofform, a point of etiquette. Bu t whatthe Japanese rulers are actually con-cerned with is the survival of the Jap-anese mind with all its paradoxes ofexaggerated restraint and extreme ex-cess, all its wild dreams of an eva-nescent moment of blood and glory.If Japan’s rulers choose t o surrendert o preserve the Japanese way of life,

they may act in a way that will jarand disrupt what they seek t o pre-serve. If , fear ful of such consequence,they choose not t o surrender, they willsubject the way of li fe t o such strainsthat it may explode of itself. . . .

Prediction as to the decision is im-possible in view of the tensions andparadoxes of Japanese society. Thebanzai charges may go on, even thoughthey are a way not of killing theenemy but Japanese. In any eventAmerica and her allies have no alter-native but to step un the pressure.-From “ T h e J o b B e f o r e U s : T h e D e-feat of Japan,” editovial in F o r t u n e

f o r J u ne .Blitzfish ng

The sporting waytroll for them witho r feather lure. Of

36

lows want a fish feed, that’s anothermatter. N o method is frowned on here[in the Southwest Pacific]. Any meansof getting at those finny feeds is acredit to the fisherman.

One day, we went loaded down with

dynamite, fuses, and several hundredfeet of field wire. Cans of mixed vege-tables, corned beef, hash, and sausagewere opened and emptied in 5 feet bfwate r near the shore. The dynamitewas set in with the chum, and thewire led t o shore where we could setoff the charge with flashlight batteries.Meanwhile a lookout, climbed a tree tokeep watch for the schools of fish thatwould be attracted by the bait.

We could see the surface ripplingand breaking. “OK,” said the lookout.Off went the charge, sending up ageyser. We waded out and those withdiving masks ducked under to retrieve

the fish. . . . O u r catch was about 20scaly pounds of assorted fish. . . .The Aussies are great f o r using

hand grenades. Many times I haveseen them climb a tree, where they cansee the fish in the water below, andplunk the lethal pineapples. Theydon’t have long t o wait for the blastto go off. This is the most dangerousmethod as fragments might hit someone if the grenade should land in shal-low water. . . .

A group of Seabees used to catchfish regularly for its outfit by dyna-miting from the lowered ramp of anLCVP. The fellows would wait for a

school to pass and bam! Off wouldg o a powerful charge. They caughtbarracuda and sharks along with mul-let and yellowtails. Of course, thetrick is t o catch the big ones beforethey come to.-From ‘‘Blitzfishing,”by a G I correspondent , in N e w s w e e kf o r 11 J u n e .

Rank ConfusionLet’s clean up this matter of titles!

Navy, Coast Guard, Marines, Army-all officers wear the same bars, leaves,eagles or sta rs to show their rank.They all receive .the same base pay ,have the same authority. Why notdesignate their ranks by the sametitles?

. . Take “ensign” fo r the fir st com-missioned rank, “lieutenant” for thesecond. For the third . . . brigad$.”. . . For the next grade choose ma-jor.” . . .

See what we’ve done so far? Elim-inated all the parentheses, hyphen;and numerals-we’ve dropped “2nd,“% ” ( (j.9,) and “lieutenant dashcommander. At the same time, noon@ gets a new title which formerlydesignated a lower rank-there’s nocome-down. . . .

On the same principles, f or the nextgra de of seniori ty, “commander” is amore apt t e r m than “lieutenant

t o catch fish. is to a colonel.” Nex t? Choose “colonel” rathe ra spoon, spinner, than “captain” for the reasons we’vecourse if the fel- already mentioned [Army-Navy-Mer-

chant Marine confusion]-and alsobecause in traditional Navy usage,“captain” designates the commandingofficer of a ship, whether he’s an en-sign o r a commander.

So this gives us a uniform, common-sense list of tit les: ensign, lieutenant,brigadier, major, commander, colonel.It’s a good compromise-two namesfrom the Navy, three from the Armyand one (lieutenant) used by both.

But how about the officers of flagrank-commodores, admirals, general?We’d better leave them as they are.

After all, it’s a bunch of admirals andgenerals that have t o pass on thesesuggestions. . . .-From “Zt’s RankConfusion,” b y North Clareg Jr., anE t h y l N e w s f o r May.

Divine Wind-UpAmericans in the Pacific frequently

hear the voice of Radio Tokyo sayingsomething like this: “When the stal-warts take leave of their parents,brothers and sisters to start on a Spe-cial Attack (Kamikaze) mission, thecommander and all down the ranksdrink t o their honor and bid farewell

by sing ing the song of the HonorableSpecial Attack Corps of the air. Weshould all make a habit of sing ing thissong quietly to comfort the departingsouls, as well as t o encourage thosewho follow in their footsteps:

I f cherry blossoms were but menTh en the loving butterflies are h e i r

Bloom, cherry blossoms, spiritedlyI n eight petals or in singles.W it h the da wn you’ll be gone.Tomorrow another blossom shall fall.Bloom. Cherry blossoms, spiritedlyFo r I’ll be followang you.

These lyrics and the introductionsound like something Tokyo’s Tin PanAlley has pirated from Gilbert andSullivan. Actually the song is a salestalk t o Japanese youth, urging themt o die for their homeland rather thansee it invaded. Afte r listening t o thesong once o r twice, young Mot0 Sanis supposed to rush out to the nearestrecruiting office and join the now fa-mous Kamikaze Special Attack Corps.

The English translation of the wordKamikaze is “Divine Wind,” and thename is supposed t o have been derivedfrom an incident oecurring in 1 2 8 1when the Mongols. were attackingJapan from the sea. At the crucialmoment a wind of typhoon velocity,

believed by the Jap defenders to havebeen sent by the gods, wrecked the in-vasion fleet. The term Kamikaze ap-plies particularly t o the suicide-plane

wzves.

The Saturday Evening Post

” W o u l d you mind pass ing me th e 3 d M a r i n e

Div is ion, p lease?’ ’

ALL HANDS



pilots while the Special Attack Corpsembraces all types of J ap do-and-diefighters on land, sea a nd in the air.. ..

A J a p who volunteered to be a Kami-kaze did so because he was told thatonly by exploding himself to kill theenemy could he exemplify to the high-es t degree the spir it of Shintoism andprove to his ancestors how willing hewas t o give up his life for his em-peror god. The Kamikaze is the mosthighly revered of the Ja p warrio r clas-ses, and when th e corps was originally

organized, there was considerablerivalry among the younger and moredar ing pilots f or th e honor of beingtapped fo r membership.

A pilot became a Kamikaze afterimpressive rites a t a battalion shrine.There he worshipped the emperor godand then made a solemn pledge beforeother Kamikazes that he was willingand anxious to die fo r Hirohito. Thiswas followed by lectures on the im-portance of cleansing the soul of sinand defilement by purifying himselfbefore the emperor’s all-seeing eyes.Then came a bit of practical instruc-tion on how to crash-dive a ship’s

deck or a building, and the Kamikazewas sent to his post to await his firstan d la st mission.-From “Fly ing Cof-fin Corps,” by Framk, D. Morris andJack Turcott, in Gollzer’s for 9 June.

Opportunity AheadThe last half of t his century can and

should be the most resplendent eco-nomic er a in human history-the eraof the industrialization and moderni-zation of backward peoples. . .

More than half of the world’s popu-lation-more th an 1,000,000,000 hu-man beings-live in a state of miser-

able industrial backwardness andpoverty. That is an immense chal-lenging new frontier for modern eco-nomic audacity and development. . . .

F o r instance, if people everywhereused as much cotton per person as weuse in the United States, the world’sproduction of cotton would have to betrebled. If people everywhere used asmuch soap per person as we use, pro-duction would have to be quad-rupled. . .

One of America’s greatest oppor-tunities for its own pocketbook lies inthe promotion of world-wide wealthand welfare. . . . There is no doubt

that almost all backward peoples arementally and physically capable ofdoing higher work and more remuner-ative work than they are doing now.What they need first is capital. Theyall have some, bu t not enough. Andwhere is capital most plentiful? Inthe United States. . . .

One of the basic crfficisms of oureconomic situation during the last twodecades has been that we have surpluscapital th at remains idle. The back-ward countries are calling for it. . . .At the outbreak of the war we Ameri-cans had almost $10,000,000,000 insuch direct investment abroad. This

sum can be multiplied advantageouslymany times in the near future. . . .

This can happen only on one condi-tion. No longer can surplus-capitalcountries, whether Britain, France orBelgium, the Netherlands, Sweden orthe United States, invest in undevel-

“This is how you looked i n 1930, Baby.”

oped countries and then suck out allthe dividends. Th at kind of economic“imperialism” is everywhere eitherdying or dead. The industria lly back-ward countries resent it and will nolonger tolerate it. What they wantnow-and what they should have-isa partne rship. of the ir local capitalwith foreign capital in the risks and

profits of new enterprises on theirsoils.The change thus indicated is one of

the most momentous in all the world’slong political and economic history.The age of the mere “exploitation” ofbackward countries is closed. We moveinto the age of cooperative effort byadvanced countries and undevelopedcountries together f or mutual profit. . .

In world development for humanhappiness let us operate not as na-tionals of this or that country but ashuman beings.-From “America’sWorld Chance,” by Eric Johnston, inReader’s Digest for June.

Who Can Rule Germany?The identification and selection of

reliable German officials is a problemwhich will plague the Allies formonths. We are, as a primary objec-tive, out to rid the German Govern-ment of Nazis. Yet virtually everyonewith administrative experience is aNazi. Among the whole population,somewhat less than 10% were activemembers of the pa rty when the warstarted. But added millions were mem-bers of affiliated organizations, likethe Hitler Youth.

Exclude the aged, the women, and

the children, and it becomes apparentth at to find men of administrative ex-perience who are actually anti-Naziis likely to be almost impossible. Theywere long ago convinced o r silencedby the Gestapo. And the few non-Nazis not serving in the Germanarmed forces who might be.used areusually found t o have benefited fromwar contracts, to have a brother whois a Party official, or to be associatedin one way or another with the Party.

There is practically no one in Ger-many today who can be looked to forunprejudiced advice on this ques-tion. . . .

Find a business man who passesArmy investigations and he will beimmediately denounced by the Social-ists as a Nazi. Find a Socialist whoserecord seems clear and the businessmen complain loudly that he is a Nazi.The truth seems to be that Nazi as-

sociation can be proved against virtu-ally everyone in Germany. . . .

To use Allied Army officers in Ger-man administrative posts is impos-sible. As a pure ma tte r of arithmetic,there are far more positions to be fil-led than there are officers t o spare.And should we use our own officers onfood distribution or price control, itwould appear that the Allies assumesome responsibility for the promptsolution of these problems in chaoticGermany. We do not. They ar e prop-erly questions for the Germans them-

selves to work out. . . .To clean up rubble, bury the dead,get essential services running callsfirst for common labor in great num-bers. .But people in most cities ofGermany today don’t want to work.Their instinct i s toward self-preserva-tion. Tha t means patching up theirow n homes, foraging for food, andlocating scattered belongings and re-latives. No German wants t o go farfrom what is left of his home, fear ingthat while he is away his neighborswill loot his remaining effects.-From“Americans Help Liberated Euro.peLive Again” by Lt. Col. Fredemck

Simpich, Jr., in National Geographiaf o r June.

Miracle MedicineIt sounds like quack-medicine bally-

hoo when a pharmaceutical salesmanboasts of a single biological prepara-tion th at i s highly effective in the pre-vention of measles, mumps, whoopingcough; is also used in the healing ofstubborn wounds, as a burn salve, oras a glue for skin gra fti ng ; is equallyeffective as a temporary brain cover-ing; a vehicle for removing kidneystones, or a hemorrhage inhibitor; and

is the finest known remedy for shock.But it isn’t quackery. The prepara-tion isn’t new. In fact , it’s the oldestthing known t o man. And, what’smore, it is being produced on a massscale for $1 a pint, or less than halfthe ceiling price of good gin.

It is human blood and its ingredi-ents o r fractions.

Almost 12 million pints of it havealready been delivered t o the Ameri-can Red Cross alone, and today’s“production” averages 1 0 pints a min-ute. Which leads t o the thought thatthere are about SIX million people inthis country who don’t know their ownstrength.

They are the volunteer donors whohave been giving their blood t o thearmed forces-blood which used t ocost hospitals from $25 to $50 a pint.It’s now procured for $1 becausegenerous people donate it free in thisemergency and nine public-spiritedbiological laboratories process it a tbare cost. About 1,000 trained special-ists , exclusive of Red Cross workers,and close t o $2,000,000 worth of equip-ment, exclusive of buildings, are atwork in these nine plasma factories.On top of that, literally scores of thefinest medical minds in hospitals and

colleges all over the land a re workingday and night on new plasma researchunder t he generalship of the renownedD r. Edwin J. Cohn of Harvard Medi-cal School.-From “The Stuf of Life,”by Paul W . Kearney, in Laberty, 26May.

JULY 1995 37



. I -

UNIFORM SCUTTLEBUTTS I R : There has been so much scuttle-

butt about a new uniform for enlisted menthat we ar e appealing to you fo r the of -flc ial word.-C. L. K.. CBM, USN.

Problems relative to the design, manu-facture and issuance o f a new unifo rm fo renilsted personnel are now under con-sideration by the Uni for m Board. How-ever, it is not likely that anything will beoficially announced until the war is wonand until shortages of labor and materialno longer eXtSt.-ED.

POSTWAR NAV Y PROBLEMSSIR: Will family allowances be con-

tinued aft er the war?-T. C., GM3c, u s ~ ~ .Public Law 625 (a s amended) passed by

the 77th Congress provided tha t fam ilyallowances be paid during the existenceof and fo r six months thereafter of anywar ,declared by Congress. Howe ver, acommittee has been appointed to dr af t rec-ommendations to be submitted to Congresswhich will permit the continuation of a mily allowance payments to depended. o ipersonnel in peacetime.-ED.

SIR:Will the base pay for enlisted mengo back to $21.00 per month after thewar?-A. J. S., SKtc, USN.

* N o , not unless Congress enacts new leg-islation to amend or repeal the “Pay Re-adjustment Act o? 1942” which establishedthe present pay sca1L-E~.

SIR: Will the time I have spent in theNaval Reserve count toward retirement, ifI remain in the postwar Navy?-J. P. S.,CRM. USNR.

Personnel serving in the Naval Reserveho are permitted to reenlist in the regu-

l w Nav y will be credited w ith time servedow active du ty fo r purposes o f transfer tothe Fleet Reserve and to th e retired listof the regular Navy after S O years’ ser-vice, in acoordance with BuPers Manual,Arts. 0 - 9501 , 9502 ami H-9407.-E~.

LOST WAR BONDSS I R : On 7 Dec. 1944 I purchased four

$ 2 5 bonds from th e Navy W ar Bond Ofqceto be issued to my son. As yet my wifehas received but one bond. I am holdingthe receipt for the others. and would au-Preciate being advised of the procedure

tofollow to make certain that my son re-ceives the ot he r th re e bonds.-S. M. L..CMlc.

In case of non-receipt (OT loss) of warsavings bonds, the purchaser should con-tact (tn person or by mail) the issuingagent f ro m whom the bonds were pur-chased. All available informa tzon shouldbe given, such as: date of purchase. de-nomination of bonds, whether paymentwas by check or cash, serial numbers oflost bonds ( i f know n), and to whom thebonds were issued (including name andadddress). A s soon as the war bond issu-n g agent receives t he info rmatio n, he re-

quests that a replacement bond be issued;this tak es fr om three to six months.-ED.

RATING EXAMINATIONS.SIR: After a man has passed an exam-

r advancement or change in rat-how long is it good fo r if the

ge is not made immediately?-T. B. S..

This i s l e f t t o the discret4on of the CO,will effe ct the advancement in the

C set bg regu-tio?t.-ED.

. . . ~ . .

6660 .(56Nr)UCTAWARDSS I R : (1) Is it possible for a man to be

eligible f o r a good conduct award eventhough he does not have a 4.0 in conduct?I contend th at if his service record hasno offenses entered in it he would beeligible even though his ’ conduct markwasn’t 4.0. (2) By the same token I be-lieve it is possible for a man to be givena 4.0 in conduct, making him eligible fora good conduct award, despite the factthat he may have minor offenses enteredin his record as a result of captain’s mastor a deck court. Right?-R. G. C., CY,

( 1 ) I f a man’s record i s clear of offensesand he receives a mark of 5.5 in p r o -ficiency in rating and meets the other re-quiremeats he would be eligible fo? theaward even though he did not recezve amark of 4. 0 in conduct. (2 ) At the pres-ent time an oficer cannot assign a markof 4. 0 in conduct when the record con-tains any offense-ED.

SIR: Can th e three-year period of con-tinuous active d uty necessary for the goodconduct awa rd t o naval reservists be com-puted from the date of a captain’s mast ?

USN.

-H. F. M., ICY.No.-ED.

SIR: On 12 Dee. 1942, I was sworn intothe naval reserve. I did not go on activeduty, however until 3 Feb. 1943. Does thetime I spent bn inactive duty waiting tobe called count toward my eiigibility fora good cbnduct award?-R. J. B.. PhM2c.*N o, only conthu ous act ive service m aybe 0ounted.-ED.

S IR : Can offirers who were formerlvenlisted men in the regu lar Navy an d whbnow hold temporary commissions. addstars to their good conduct ribbons at thecompletion of each fo ur years?-L. N. K.,Ens.

* Y e s , i f they have earned at least m eaward as an enlisted m m . The same ap-plzes to Reservists except tha t the tzme zsthree years’ continuous active duty.-ED.

SIR I served 1 3 months. n the Navy inWorld War I and was discharged afterthe Armistice at my own request. I en-listed in th e Naval Reserve for th e presentconflict and now have served one yearan d 11 months. Am I eligible for a goodconduct award on the basis of total ser-vice of t hr ee years?-A. F. C. , CQM.

No. Service in one enlistment cannot beadded to service in a subsequent enlist-ment in computing time f or the purposeof a good conduct medal.-ED.

SIR: I enlisted in the Naval Reservein 1941. A Year late r I was dinrhnrwd hvSpecial Ordkr Discharge to eniisi rn thkregular Navy. I now have three years andAve months’ total active service. reserveand regular. Am I entitled to wear thegood conduct ribbon, if otherw ise quali-

*No. Service in the Naval Reserve amdthe regular Navy cannot be combined forthe purposes of the award. Yo u mu st meetthe requirements of the Naval Reserve orthe regular Navy.-ED.

SIR: I enlisted on 8 Dec. 1937 fo rfour years. On 8 Dec. 1941 I extended myenlistment for two years and then myenlistment was extended by Alnav 155-41.I received a good conduct medal for myA r s t enlistment of four years. Do I ra tea good conduct pin for the three yearsof extensions I have completed?-C. R. B.,

Yes, i f otherwise qualified. H owev er, youwill not receive a p i n since they are notbeing awarded during the war but youwill receive authorixation to wear a staron the ribbon bar. Yo u should subm tt arequest, via ofSLcial chmnels, to the execu-tive ofSLcer of yo ur ship or Statiom-ED.

GI EDUCATIONSIR : If You go to school under the GI

Bill, YOU get not only your tuition but amonthly allowance from the Government-$50 if you don’t have dependents $ 7 5 ifYO U do. But I read recently in a mkgazinearticle that if you And this isn’t enoughto live on. and take a part-time job tohelp out, you get your Government allow-ance cut down. Is this true?-J. T., Lt.,

No t quite. Veterans Administration saysit cuts down on the allowance only if yo u

fled?-C. R. S., CPhM, USN.

YlC, USN.

USNR.

are attending the school on a part-timebasis, or i f you receive compensation forwork done as part o f your training. I fyou took a sparetime job that didn’t takeup so much time that it could be regardedas interfering with your main purpose-gaining an education- our allowancewould not be cut.-ED.

RACK ISSUES OF ALL HANDSSI R : s it possible to purcha se back cop-

ie s of ALL HANDS,nd, if so, at whatprice?-H. J. S.. Ylc.

The following issues are available fromth e Superintendent of Documents Govern-men t Printing O nce Washington’25 D . C.,a t 2 0 cents a copy’ the remittance‘ to be

>includedwit h th e oide r: Dec. 1945; March,

April, May , June, Aug. Sept., and Oct.1944; March, April, Mai and Junf 1 9 4 5 .F o r general informatzon on subscrzptzons,see page 80.-E~.

THREE SQUARES A DAYS I R : I have noted that on several sta-

tions a man sentenced to bread and waterwith a full ration every third day is givenone meal on the third day and yet otherstatio ns give three meals on the thi rd day.Which is correct?-J. E. H., Ylc, USN.

* A fu ll *ration consists of the morningnoon and evening meals or other ration;served on the general mess, according toJAG, which cites Court Martial Or,dersS-1945 112. The ref ore, station s giv ingthree ’meals are correct.. N aval Courtsand Boar ds (1957) Sec. 4 4 7 states thatconfinement on b r e h and wa‘ter shall not

be “for a longer period, consecutively,than five days. A s a shorter interval . . .is less liable to work injury to healththe max im um interval allowed should b iadjudged only in extreme cases.”-ED.

SHIPPING-OVER PAYS I R : (1) How long can a USN man

wait before reenlisting and still receiveshipping over pay? ( 2 ) Would a USNman whose enlistmemnt expired duringthe war, and was automatically extendeddraw shipping over pay if he reenlistsa f te r the war ends? ( 3 ) Do reenlistmentallowances apply to USNR men?Would a man who comuleted .? vcarsmonths and 15 days &ring-a“ regha;minority enlistment and did not reenlisto r extend his enlistment but was held for1 5 da m in accordance with Alnav 7 5 5 - 4 1 .then had his enlistment extended fo r tw6years, be entitled to four years reenlist-ment allowance?-W. M. 0.. Y.. USNR.

( 1 ) He must reenlist immediately exceptin peacetime, when the interval allowed isthree months. (2 ) Yes, i f within threemonths of discharoe under honorableconditions. ( 5 ) U S N R men discharged forimmediate enlastmmt in the regular Navyare entitled to reenlistment allowanre f o reach full year of continuous active servheimmediately preceding discharge. ( 4 ) Yes .a man held under Alnav 1 5 5 - 4 1 INDB’.cum. ed., 41-2019) is in fac t serving in ex -tension o f enlistment and i n m t i t l d t o f w l l

credit fo k time served ju st -a s thoug&-iiwere served in a regular enlistment o r ea-tension.-ED.

THE %?a? QUESTIONSIR: Your May 1945 issue p. 38 says

tha t a man advanced from $ 0 1 ~ d CP Oreceives a clothing allowance of $200. Thismust have been a typographical error asI received $250 when I recentl y m ade &hief(or maybe I shouldn’t adm it it).-T. A. C. ,CY, SNR.

*I t % okay t o talk-the amo unt shouldhave been $850 . -E~.



HASH MARKSSIR Many men seem to think th at three

Years in the Naval Reserve are consideredequivalent to four years in the regularNav y for Purposes of w earing a hashmark. Is thi s correct?-I. S.. Bkr3c. USNR.

No, fo ur years o f active service i i eitherthe regular Navy or Naval Reserve arerequired f or eligibility to wear a h ashmark as set forth in Uniform Regs 8 -8and i 6 - 8 . A forthcoming change in ’Uni-fo rm Regs will point out that the ter m“active service” in the Naval Reserve isemployed t o disting uish front “retired ser-vice,” and tha t it is to be considered asmeaning “service on the active list of theNaval Reserve, whether performed id anactive or inactive duty status, or the two

combined.” A L L service iu the Naval Re-serve (which includes all classes th ere of)ma y tl?erefore be counted in determiningehgibalzty f o r service StTipeS.-ED.

SIR:May time spent in the Army Ma-rine Corps, Coast Guar d National. Guar dor Maritime Service pridr to entering theNavy be counted tdward a hash mark?-H. C.,’ GM3c.

No.-ED.

SIR: Is any permission or notificationnecessary from BuPers for a man to puton a hash mark?-E. W. G., CSp ( X ) ,USNR.

NO.-ED.

SIR: Many regular Navy enlisted men.now back on active duty, ar e wearinghash marks according to their total time

in the Navy both on active and inactiveduty. Is thi$ correct?-R. C. W., CY (Ret).

No; as stated above, only time servedon active duty may be counted by regularNavy men; however, for the Naval Re-serve see answer to I . S. above.-ED.

SIR: have had 1 2 years of broken ser-vice all with a 4.0 conduct ma rk and pro-ficiency gr ad e never below 3.5. Am Ieligible to wear gold hash marks?-H.A.K., CBM. USN.

0 No, as Uniform Regs, 8-8 ( i ) , rovidesthat gold service marks may be worn onlyby enlasted personnel holding three con-secutive good conduct awards or with 1%years of continuous actzve duty service,during which time records have beenmaintained with marks and qualificationsequivalent to those necessary for the re-

ceipt of good conduct awards. I n no case,however, m ay a ma n with less than 1%years’ service wear the gold stripes.-ED.

USN.

SIR Will enlisted Waves, upon comple-tion of the required four years’ service, beallowed to we ar ha sh marks?-M. L.. Slc .USNR.

As ve t n o decision h m been made onthis. Wd ve s will Not have served fo uryears on active duty until Sept. 1946.

SIR: Would you please define “minorityenlistment” and tell us : (1) does it makeone eligible for a hash mark? (2) If so.does it count toward gold hash marks,even though the enlistment was for lessth an fou r years?-R. W. S.. SIC, USN.

0 A minority enlistment is one where aman enlists when he is under 18 his en-listment to expire one day prior td hi s B is t

barthday.Although a minority enlistment expiresone da y prior to a man’s 2ls t birth day, inwartzme all enlzstments are automaticallyextended and unless the war ends beforea man’s ’minority enlis tmefit is due to ex -pire, he remains in the Navy.

( 1 ) The comp7etion of a minority enlist-ment does entitle one to a hash mark.( I ) Any time served on a minority enlist-ment may be counted toward gold h u hmarks.-ED.

TORPEDOMAN’S MATE VSIR: When referring to the TMV rate

by name. what is it called? There is alsoconfusion as to which arm this ratingshould be worn on.-J. P. K.. AOM3c.

Although often referred to as “AviationTorpedoman’s Mate,” t he offici alname for

the TMV rate is “Torpedoman’s Mate V”(see BuPers Manual, Art. 0-5101). The“V’> designates that it is an aviationbranch rating.

All aviation bra nch ratings are womq onthe left arm. Confusion may have amsenbecause TMV rating badges, which arenow being manufactwed for early distr4-

b d o n , have no t been available, and TMVpetty oficers have purchased the right-armed Torpedoman’s Mate (T M, seam anbranch) rating badge. TM Vs should, how-ever, wear the TM rating badge on theirleft arm, even though it would mean thatthe eagle and torpedo would be faczng anthe wrong direction.-ED.

AIRCRAFT RECOGNITIONS IR : In th e interes t of accuracy, I

should like to point out that the airplaneshown in your May issue, p. 28 , zoomlngover the smoking hull of a Jap destroyer

Offic ial U. S. Navy photouraph

is a n F6F Hellcat, not a TB F Avenger asidentified.-W. B. R., AS (V-12). ex-ARM2c.

You’re right , of cowrse:

1 HELLCAT AVENGER I~

-ED.

LETTERS T O CONGRESSMEN ,

SIR: As a citizen I am eager to let thecongressmen and senators from my homestate know how I felt about certain ac-tions which the U. S. has taken at theSan Francisco Conference. May I write

them without violating Navy R egulations?-L. P. C.. Lt. Comdr.. USNR.

0 There is no regulation which preventsnaval personnel f ro m corresponding wit htheir representatives in Congress aboutmatters of general national interest. Of-ficers ma y not, however, apply f or legisla-tion or urge appropraataons or congres-sional action on any subject, except withthe consent and knowledge of the Secre-tary of the Na vy , as provided by Na vy

REHABILITATION LEAVES IR : BuPers Circ. Ltr. 28-45 (NDB, 15

Feb., 45-153) states that rehabilitationleave granted in any calendar year ischargeable to annual leave for the yearsuch rehabilitation leave is granted.

Various interpretati ons are being placed

on th e word “eranted.” If a man were

Regs., Art. 95.-ED.

granted 3 0 day; rehabil itation leave whichstarted 15 Dec. 1 9 4 4 and extended until1 4 Jan. 1945. would any of this leave ap-ply against his annual leave for 1945?-L. P., RM2c.

No ; rehabilitation leave is chargeableagainst annual leave for the year in whichit was granted (Le., authorized in thiscase 1944). E ve n thongh the ma n Andbeelt‘ granted 9 0 days leave on 9 1 Dec.1944 and the leave started o n 1 Jan.1945: it would all be chargeable againsthi s 1 9 4 4 leave.-ED.

TRANSFER TO N A N SCHOOLSIR:Is it possible for a former aviation

-cadet who meets the requirements for theNaval Aviation Observer (Navigation)school, but who is at present in V-12 t otransfe r to th e new school? The NANSchool was closed when I entered V-12.-V. R. J. . AS. USNR.

Y es all .enlisted personnel regardless o tclass&cation who wwre flight fai lure s inprimary or intermediate flight trainingmay submit an application to BuPers, iaohnnnels. fo r transfer t o NAN School.-ED.

EX-APPR ENTICESIR: In the April 1945 issue of ALL

HANDS,p. 39, you say “apprentice” waschanged to “apprentice seaman” on 2 6June 1 9 0 6 . Being an ex-apprentice boymyself. Your date does not conform with. _mine.

On 1 Dec. 1 9 0 4 my ra te was changedfrom first class apprentice boy to seamanIC by bureau orders whicli discontinuedapprentice boy. It is very vivid in mymind as we went on a larger pay status.

We have an association known as th eU. S. Naval Ex-Apprentice Associationwith headquarters at 1600 UniversityAvenue, Bronx, N. Y.. and if your infor-mati on is co rrect we would like to know it.

We a re proud of being an “ex-boy” aswe call it, and there a re quite a few ofus back in the service doing our part.-A. G. L.,CBM, US N (Ret).

SIR . . . The ratin g of apprentices wasabolished in 1904, when all apprentices 3cwere rated to amrentices 2c. which wasthen changed to -6rdinary se aman appren-tices IC were changed to seaman. Therating corresponding with apprentice 3cwas landsman. I believe it was the lands-man rating which was changed to appren-tice seama n in 1906 when ordinary seamanbecame seaman 2c. and seaman becameseaman IC .

The rati ng of apprentices existed in theNavy from 1797 to 1904 so any one whois entitled to wear the fiiure-of-eight (ap-prentice knot) must have enlisted in thatrating over 40 years ago.-C. H., CSK,US N (Re t ) .,*Our source wa s ‘<Laws Rela thg to th e

Navy,” compiled by George Melling ,which says on p. 596: ‘[The term ‘appren-tice’ wa s changed t o ‘apprentice seaman’by a n act. of 29 June 1 9 0 6 ( 3 4 Stat., 5551.’’

The law to which Melling refers dealswith naval appropriations, and. althoughit spea ks of apprentice seama n by thatname, we fir@ nothing whzch specaficallysays that it changed the name f ro m “ap-nmw.firnn.’’. . --.

However, further aesearch has sbownthat General Order 118, dated 89 Nov.1906. sioned bu President Theodore Roose-veli’and Secrd ary o f the Nav y Paul Mor-ton, says: “Fr om a+ af ter thi s date, nopersons will be enlzsted a s apprentaces,third class, and all persons without seaexperience who are enlisted in the seamanbranch will be enlisted as ‘app rentice sea-man.’

“ O n 1 Dec. 1 9 0 4 . . all apprentices,first class, will be rated’ seam en; all ap-

prentices, second class will be rated or&-nary seamen; and ail apprentices. thirdclass, and landsmen will be rated appren-tice seamen.”

The same order, incidentally, estab-lished the pay for apprentice seamen at$16 monthly and provided for $ 5 extrapay per month for ordinary seamen. de-tailed as jacks-of-the-&st or as lamp-

FAMILY ALLOWANCES

lig htWS.-ED.

SIR:.(1) Is a marriaae certiflcate re-quired t o - accompany an application toBuP ers for family allowance for a wifeof a n enlisted man who gets mar ried whilein the service? ( 2 ) Is a birth certificaterequired to accompany an application toBuPers for family allowance for a childborn to a n enlisted man while he is in theservice?-0. W. W., Yl c.(1 ) No, i f the enlisted man makes the

application; yes, i f the wif e makes theapplication unless page 7 of the enlistedman’s service record indicates she is h!sw%fe. ( 2 ) N o, i f the man applies; yes, zfthe wife applies.-ED.

SERVICE RECORDSIR: What disposition is made of an

enlisted man ’s service record upon dis-charge? Is it possible to obtain either theoriginal or a copy?-H. J. , SM2c.

A man’s servzce record is retained byt he N avy as a part of his officia l recordand it is not possible to obtain either t h ioriginal or a duplicate. Howev er, upondischarge, the dischargee receives a Notzceof Separation fr om the U . S. Naval Ser-vice (N avP ers 559), which contains per-tinent information from his jacket.

A Continuous Service Certificute 4sissued by BuPers to any ma n who iseligible under th e provisions of BuPe rsManual Art. 0 - 4 0 05 . This certificate isthe priperty of the man and is given tohim at time of any subsequent discharge.-ED.

dULY 1948 39



O K I N A W A IS OURS ...U. S. PLANES HIT

JAPAN HARDER.. . BORNEO INVADEDPERIOD 21 MAY THROUGH 20 JUNE

350 miles of Ja pa n, died before hecould see the final results of his work.

itter BaStle Won

The battle for Okinawa was over- On the day the marines jumped off onthe bitter, slogging battle that had their final assault the general was hitraged for 82 days and had cost at "y a large shell fragment while watch-leas t twice the toll of bloody Iwo. ing the attack from a forward obser-Fleet Admiral Nimitz announced on 21 vation post. He died within 10 min-June that organized enemy resistancehad ended on the big island that givesus a base a t Japan's front doorstep.

Th e final drive of the campaignbegan 18 June when fresh, eager ma-rines of the 8th Regimental CombatTeam, newcomers t o t he fight, smashedthrough the last J ap defense line and,by 20 June, battered their way to thetown of Udo on thesouthern shore of theisland. The maneu-7

tes, the first Army commander t o bekilled in the wa r and t he 18th generalofficer killed in action. Lt. Gen. RoyS. Geiger, USMC, commander of Ma-rines on the island, was put in tempo-ra ry command. Late r Gen. Joseph W.Stilwell was shifted from his post ascommander of Army ground forces inthe U. S. to lead the 10th Army in

future operations.During the pastI thirtv da w of the"

INDEX o THIS campaign, infantry-men and marines

ver, supported b7 the5th Marine Regi-

smashed throughthree major defenselank, s e c u r e d a

1,000-yard strip of Page lines and scores of

the south coast and smaller strongly de-

ment o n t h e l eft SECTION

The War . . . . . . . . . . 40-47fended areas, - TheJaps t r i e d every-

J a p defenders of the News of the Navy. . 48-507

Ithing to hold their

cut the remnants of World~ f f ~ i ~ ~. , .the close t o 100,000

I demoli t ion squadsRyukyu bastion into Ships & Stations, ., , . 51-52 positions - suicide

and several smaller I Report from H o m e . . 53-55 pitted against U. S.two large pockets I

tanks, heavy nightattacks with Japs

ones.

alized the end was dressed in U. s. Ma-near. Hundreds of them jumped from rine uniforms, persistent Kamikaze ai rthe high cliffs into the sea or onto attacks on the fleet (see p. 42).

jagged rocks at the southern tip, while The first break came on 23 Mayhundreds more died under a .mighty when American in fant ry entered Yo-ba rrage of heavy shells from battle- nabaru , eastern anchor of the mainships, cruisers and destroyers of the Okinawa line, the n swung around thefleet standing close Offshore. Enemy apparently abandoned ruins of the cityuni ts by-passed by the lunging marines t o take hizh ground dominating otherwere being SCorched and hm~~meredy towns t o the south. Although patrolsflame-throwers and tanks. had entered the smashed capital of

Lt. Gen. Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., Naha, it was not seriously threatenedthe man who directed land operations until Marines threw two bridges acrossin this campaign which will give the Asato River and drove into theAmerican forces ship and plane bases city in force on 25 May.and an excellent stag ing area within Oozing mud and torrent ial rain s

;ven the Japs re-

* * *l a m p e d th e se c

a r m of a g i a n t p i n -

5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

40

held American ground advances to theminimum while the war shifted t o theai r and sea for five days duri ng whichthe Marines advanced slowly in Naha

and fleet guns and land-based aircraftpounded J a p positions. Kamikazeplanes roared over in force on twodays, sinking one light naval vesseland damaging 21 others. At least 188of the attackers were brought downby AA fire and fighters.

On 30 May hard-fighting Marinessloshed ahead over a rain-bogged bat-tlefield t o capture ancient Shuri castle,keystone of the tough Shuri line, whileother forces punched through brokenenemy defenses a t other places belowthe town and castle.

From then on gains increased daily.Chinen Peninsula, on the southeastcoast, was cut off by the 7th I nfa ntr yin a quick encircling maneuver whichgained two miles. Other advances weremade all along the line with someunits pushing t o within five-and-a-halfmiles of the southern tip of the island.

Next day the 6th Marines pulled anunscheduled, hurri edly planned amphi-bious operation, jumping from Nahato the north coast of the Oroku Penin-sula, establishing a 1,200-yard bridge-head and tak ing half of Naha airfield,best in the Ryukyus. The marinesthen bridged the KO Kuba estuary toOnoyama Island and, by nightfall,were pulling reinforcements across

( C o n t i n u e d o n P a g e 42 )

I. Two heavy incendiary attacks on Tokyo by8-29s burn out 51 square miles of the capital(24, 26 May).

2. Chinese capture inland po rt of Nanning(27 May).

3. Yokohama razed in first 6-29 fire-bomb attack(29 May).

4. Japs' Shuri line on Ok inawa cracked as 1stMarine Division captures Shuri Castle (30 May).

5. Eighty percent of Formosa's industrial capacityhas been knocked out by the Far Eastern AirForce, it is announced (I June).

6. Great Britain forms new 12th Army in Burma(2 June).

7. Osaka set ablaze in three great raids by B-29s(I , 7, 15 June).

8. Chinen Peninsula cut of f by Okinawa Yanks (3June) and captured (6 June).

9. Fast carrier task forces raid five Jap airfieldson Kyushu (3 , 4 June) and Kanoya air base(9 June).

IO. Eighth Army troops make two landinqs onsoutheasternmost tip of Mindanao (5 June).

11 . Five hundred Superfortresses dump 3,200 tonsof incendiaries on Kobe, Japan's sixth largestcity (5 June).

12. Australians make four landings on Brunei Bayarea of northwestern Borneo ( I O June).

13. Rail center of khan captured by Chinese (I1June) and recaptured by Japanese (13 June).

14. U. S. infantry dashes 22 miles into CagayanValley on northeastern Luzon (14 June).

15. Yaeju-dake escarpment on Okinawa outflankedon east and summit reached a t many points byAmericans (14 June); Okinawa falls (21 June).

16. Suburbs of Liuchow reached by Chinese (15June).

17. Chinese capture second coastal port, Wenchow(18 June).

~-ALL UAMDS




oldest U. S. carrier, burns after being hit

ff Iwo. Her extensive damage has since been repaired.

Relentlessly the Yanks rolled on.7 Jun e nearly all Jap s on Okinawa

at the

Yaeju-dake escarpment. Chin-enemy forces were penned

a limited area and the 6th Marinesly wiping them out. Naha

ield was captured. One da y laterared and gu ns

at hundreds of caves

As the suicide planes resumed their

Six furious days of thundering as-

Troops of the 96th Inf ant ry

t o two small toeholds on the

ttacks. To the east the 7tha hill and t o the west

t Marines wrested another fromTanks roved the battle area,

rting the doughfeet. The 96th

owed on 14 June by the outflankingf the eastern end of the line.Even for Japan’s Premier Suzuki itas too much. On the 15th, as Yaeju-

dake hill, the highest point on Oki-nawa, was captured by the 96th andthe encirclement of the whole line wasdeveloping at both ends, Suzuki con-ceded the loss of the island.

Preparations for the final break-through were made during the nexttwo days with general a d v a n c e sachieved in all sectors until the newNiarine combat team was ready tojump off on 18 June and begin itssweep down to the southern tip.

During the final days of f ightingGeneral Buckner offered -unprece-dented “‘honorable surrender’’ to theremaining Jap forces but it was re-fused. A shor t time later the body ofAdmiral Minoru O b , commander ofJag naval forces on Okinawa, was

IS

Official U. S. Marme Corps photograph

MUD and water hamper Marine artillerymen, about tomove from flooded emplacement on Okinama.

found dead with his staff in a cave.All had slashed their throats.

Okinawa cost the U. S. forces a tleast 45,000 men killed, missing andwounded. In land operations through19 June, Fleet Admiral Nimitz an-nounced, 4,417 soldiers and 2,573 ma-mines were killed or missing, 17,033soldiers and 12,565 marines wounded-a total of 36,588. Up to 23 May,dat e of the latest announcement a t thetime Okinawa fell, fleet losses totaled4,270 dead or missing and 4,171wounded. Ja p casualties totaled 90,401killed, and about 4,000 captured.

The invasion had begun on EasterSunday, under the command of Ad-

miral Raymond A. Spruance, USN,Commander 5th Fleet. On 2 June,with the campaign progressing favor-ably, Admiral Spruance and his staffshifted to temporary headquarters onGuam, and Admiral William F. Hal-sey Jr., USN, and his powerful 3dFleet returned t o action in the West-ern Pacific. At th at time the 10thArmy was placed directly under FleetAdmiral Nimitz, and Admiral Rich-mond K. Turner, USN, who had si-multaneously commanded AmphibiousForces, Pacific Fleet, and the 5th Am-phibious Force, relinquished commandof the lat ter to Vice Admiral Ha rr y

W. Hill, USN.

Victorv’s Price

any single campaign in its history.Jap suicide tactics tested i n the Philip-pines and a t Iwo achieved only partialsuccess at Okinawa in sihking Ameri-can ships and killing American fight-ing men. I n their avowed purpose-complete destruction of the U . s. fleet-they failed miserably.

As the bitter Okinawa campaignneared its end, Vice Admiral Marc A.Mitscher, USN, commander of TaskForce 58, reported tha t only about 1%of the Kamikaze pilots were hittingtargets. He added th at “we’re notparticularly concerned about it be-cause daily it is being reduced, and theindications are that it will be further

reduced.” The admiral himself hadbeen on two ships which had been“kamikazed.”

Later Fleet Admiral Nimitz statedthat 30 American vessels had beensunk and 45, including two majorunits, had been damaged. Some Bri t-ish units also have been hit but nonesunk. For the damage to the Ameri-can fleet, the Japs paid dearly, losingmore than 4,000 air cra ft i n the Oki-nawa campaign.

In fighting off the Jap Special At-tack Corps. the Navy won new honorsfo r both its ships and men. Ships sobadlv battered that it seemed incredi-

ble they could remain afloat, continuedto fight back and, after undergoingrepairs, sallied forth again t o battle.

Death and destruction to ships andmen plummeted out of the blue Pa-cific skies last month to bring to the Biggest vessel to sustain severeU. S. fleet its greatest casualties in damage was the venerable Saratoga,

Saga

CASUALTY FIGURESCasualty figures among naval personnel through 20 June totaled 119,-

-112. Totals since 7 Dec. 1941:Dead Woulzded Missing. Prisolzers. Total

U. S. N a v y . . . . . .. 28,505 18,194 9,901 2,358 58.958

878 1,873 59,339U, S. Coast Guard.. 806 213 96 - 1,115U. S. Marine Corps. 16.052 40,536

Total . . ... . 45,363 58,943 10,875 . 4,231 119,412- - - - - IA number *of personnel now carried in the missing status undoubtedly ar eprisoners of war not yet officially reported as such.

1



Official U. S. Marine Corps photographs

MARINE observation plane flies low over battered Naha,capital of Okinawa, while the Japs still held the city.

BAKA BOMB, Japs’ one-man suicide rocket, is one of

several abandoned by enemy on Okinawa airfield.

for years the Navy’s largest and fast-est aircraft carrier and, at one time,its only carrier in operation in thePacific. Old “Sara” took a terrificbeating- even direct hits by bombsand suicide planes turned her into araging inferno of flaming steel, kill-ing 123 of her crew and woundinganother 192.

The action took place ~ f fwo Jimaas “Sara” returned from the firstlarge carrier-plane strike on Tokyo.At 1700, while she was launching herplanes, 9 o r 10 Ja ps roared in. Fourwere shot down. Four others managedto crash and bomb the carrier. A fifth,after it was knocked down alongside,caromed off the water and exploded,tearing a large hole in the “Sara’s”side. A bomb from another plane blewa hole in her side below the water line,rupturing fuel lines.

In spite of the damage the carrierwas able t o gain speed and move on.While men fought heroically to stemthe blazes, another attack developedan hour and a half after the first. OneJap dropped a bomb on the S a m t o g abefore crashing on t he port side.

Although severely damaged again,the carrier managed to take on her

planes which had been circling theship and running low on gas. She thenproceeded to a friendly base f o r tem-porary repair. Later, at Puget SoundNavy Yard she was repaired in recordtime-under two months.

“The Saratoga was the most exten-sively damaged vessel the yard hasever received,” said the hull superin-tendent. “She had more varied typesof damage all at once than any shipwe’ve seen since Pearl Harbor.”

The “Sara” is now back in actionagainst the Japs.

‘Gallantry, Tenacity .. ’Doughty -litt le destroyers have suf-

fered most damage from the SpecialAttack Corps. Because they maintainthe picket screen which protects themajor fleet units, they are often singledout f o r attack by suicide pilots unablet o penetrate to the battleships andcarriers. One DD, the &fey, took



in Japan’s chain of conquests, causingthe lifelines of J ap an to atrophy.”

In many instances the tales of ad-

YEAR‘S OPERATIONS of 20th (8-29) Army Air Force from bases in India,China and Marianas are summarized on this map issued by War Department.

hours to dump nearly 4,000 more onthe smoldering ruins. Those two raid sbrought the total destruction inflictedby B-29s t o more than 51 square milesof the capital. Arsenals, electricplants, engine plants and “shadowfactories” were scratched from the listof Japanese indus try. Tokyo waslargely finished as far as any morecontribution to the Nip w ar effort wa sconcerned.

In Yokohama the job was‘repeated.

I t was the first and only attack onTokyo’s port city but by Tokyo radio’sown admission, the 450 planes guttedthe districts of Tsurumi, Hodogaya,Naka and Kanagawa, all choked withwa r industries. Sixty thousand homeswere destroyed and 250,000 people lefthomeless in this daylight st rike of 29May.

Three times during the month (1,7,15 June ) the huge planes winged overOsaka, Japan’s chief industrial city.The final assault was made by 520bombers toting 3,000 tons of incendi-aries which set ablaze steel, iron.andprecision wbrks in the southwestern

pa rt of t he city and also plastered theadjacent industrial city of Amagasaki.Kobe, Japan’s chief seaport and

sixth largest city, was turned into asea of flame by more than 400 Super-forts which attacked it from one endto the other, skipping only a three-mile ar ea west of the shipyards whichhad been burned out in a previousattack.

So successful had been the assaultson large industrial cities that, by 18June, the Marianas -based ai r taskforces were able t o turn t o smaller in-dus tria l cities. On that day “excellentresults” were obtained with fire raids.

on Kagoshima and Omuto on the islandof Kyushu and Yokkaichi and Hamam-mtsu on Honshu.

B-29 crews were not the only busyairmen last month. Admiral WilliamF. Halsey’s 3d Fleet carrier taskforce hammered a t Kyushu’s networkof airfields in a two-day raid, 3-4 June,

planned to lessen further Jap suicideattacks on the U. S. fleet off Okinawa.Later in the month, 11 June, the Hal-seymen made one of the great precis-ion attacks of the war, bombing andstrafing Kanoya airfield on Kyushu.Using f ragmentation bombs, each pilotwas assigned a single revetment on thefield. The destruction of parked J a paircraft was systematic and effective.

On other Pacific air fronts it wa sreported that the Far Eastern Air

Force under Lt. Gen. George C. Ken-ney had destroyed 80% of Formosa’sindustrial capacity in four months ofintense strateg ic bombing. More than10,000 tons of bombs have been droppedon the Jap island since the capture ofPhilippine ai r bases. The same ai rforce, combing th e seas of th e Pacificf o r enemy vessels, sank or heavilydamaged 2,117,482 tons of enemy ship-ping between 1 January and 31 May.

Action Under the SeasUp from under the seas and from

under the necessary cloak of militarysecrecy which had covered many of

their exploits since the s ta rt of thewar came the Navy’s submarines lastmonth-to take the ir rightful placealongside other heroic fighting shipswhich first staved off, then conqueredthe fleets of Japan.

F o r the first time in this war theNavy released news of the activities ofseveral gallant underwater killers, re-vealing in many cases the reasons whyso many of their men have been sooften decorated.

“Men of our submarines mountedAmerica’s first offensive in the Paci-fic,” said Secretary Forrestal in an-nouncing relaxation of some security

restrictions. “They share in the honorof destroying Japan as a naval power.Mast of all, the ir deeds have spelledthe death of Japan as a maritimepower. They have driven Japaneseshipping and convoys either to covero r t o th e bottom of the Pacific. Theyhave helped t o isolate the island links

venture of the undersea raiders werealmost unbelievable (see 56) .

That the long, hard-figfting careersof American submarines have pro-duced tangible results was made evi-dent last month by Fleet AdmiralNimitz in a speech made t o 14 subma-rine officers and men he was about todecorate.

“A year ago, on an occasion similar

to this one, I reported that our sub-marines had sunk 2,500,000 tons ofJapanese shipping. Today I can addto that figure 2,000,000 more tons,making approximately 4,500,000 sinceour submarines first began t o makethis ocean anything but a pacific onefor the Japanese Navy and the Japa-nese merchant marine,” said AdmiralNimitz.

“Between 7 Dec. 1941 and 5 May1945 our submarines alone have sunka total of 126 enemy warships, in-cluding 4 carriers, 17 cruisers and 53destroyers. They have sunk 993 non-combatant ships. The tota l number of

Japanese vessels which have been sunkis 1,119 . . . Today no enemy warshipand no enemy merchant ship can ven-ture upon the waters of the Pacificwithout the well-grounded fear in thehe ar t of i ts men th at they will neverreturn t o home base. You have metthe enemy and the enemy is yours.’’

Recent successes scored by Ameri-can submarines in F a r Eastern watersinclude the s inking of 25 enemy ves-sels, five of them combat vessels. By19 June the Navy Department an-nounced that 1 destroyer, 2 mediumpatrol vessels, 3 small patrol vessels,1 coastal minelayer, 1 medium cargo

vessel, 1 arge tanker, 2 medium tank-ers, 6 medium merchant vessels, 2 me-dium freighters, 2 small cargo ves-sels, and 4 small merchant vessels hadbeen destroyed by U. S. subs.

New Landings on BorneoBewildered and bomb-hammered,

Jap defenders of the rich East Indieswere beginning to feel the strength ofthe Allies’ mighty amphibious forces.Only three weeks after the oil-rich is-land of Tarakan had been secured,Australian troops, supported by U. S.Navy ships and American aircraft,smashed ashore at four points on the

Brunei Bay area of northwest Borneoand moved inland with amazing speed.On the first day (10 June) men of

the famed Aust ralian 9th Division, the“Desert Rats” of the African cam-paign, went ashore against negligibleopposition on th e southwest tip of La-buan Island and quickly captured thetown of Victoria and its airfield. Otherlandings were made at Brooketon, onthe mainland, and near Brunei, capitalof the Brunei sultans.

Within four days the Diggers weremopping up on Labuan and by thefifth Brunei had been captured afteranother landing east of the city, only

200 yards from the town. Next daythey had captured their third airfieldand were consolidating their gainswith a view to utilizing the recapturedterritory for bases of fu tu re opera-tions.

General of the Army MacArthur,under whose command the new cam-

-

44 ALC UAATVS



Chinese OffensiveSurging into the offensive on nearly

all of their many fronts, rejuvenatedChinese armies last month recapturedanother vital coastal port and swept

on towards Shanghai, hacked away atthe Japs’ supply corridor betweenChina and French Indochina and bat-tered within bare miles of two formerbig American air bases a t Liuchow andKweilin.

JULY 1945

Under increasing pressure from theChinese, the Ja ps were making generalwithdrawals in Hunan and Kwangsiprovinces, fighting only stiff delayingactions in order t o evacuate troopswithout grea t losses. Several sharpbattles delayed the Chinese drives inthe vicinity of the former U. S. airbases and in Kwangtung where theJaps were making slight gains in op-erations designed to maintain theirhold on Canton and Hong Kong.

The coastal drive began with thecapture of Foochow in Fukien province.

Chinese troops continued t o advance,clearing out all Jap s on the Min River,and then started to drive up the coasttoward Wenchow. Pushing south outof their Wenchow pocket, the Japsreached Pingyang in a counteroffensiveon 2 June but by 8 June the Chinesehad cleared a 105-mile stretch of theFukien coast. Three days later th eChinese liberated Futing, advanced t oPingyang in two more days and, on19 June, recaptured the former treatyport of Wenchow.

Multi-pronqed Chinese attacks alongthe Hunan-Kwangsi front scored im-portant gains and seemed to assure

imminent capture of Liuchow, Kweilinand Paoking. The Liuchow drivegained momentum on 22 May with thecapture of Hochih. Nanning, inlandport and southern end of the J a p in-land transport line from Manchuria,toppled on 28 May and the Chinesemoved on to take Ishan to the north.But the Japs were more stubbornthere. They battered back into thetown and held it until 16 June whenthe Chinese finally reoccupied the townand advanced toward Liuchow.

Progress was slower t o the north.The Chinese were having difficultynear Kweilin although they managedto start a pincers on the former air-

base city and hold on to their gains.Still farther north the Chinese pushedon Paoking, smashing the Jap defenseline protecting the city on 3 June andpushing to within five miles of theoutskirts.

E U R O P E

Occupation o f GermanyA dazed, weakened German people,

faced with a bleak prospect of foodand labor shortages and the greatestreconstruction job in history, strug-gled for bare existence last month asthe Allies clamped a stern militaryrule on the vanquished Reich.

The country was trimmed back t oits limits as it was on 31 Dec. 1937,before the annexation of Austria. Ajoint Allied declaration announcingthe assumption of control of Germanyfo r a n indefinite period of occupationand making no promises whatsooevert o the Germany people was madesimultaneously in Washington, Londonand Moscow. Fo ur zones will be gov-erned by the United States, GreatBritain, Russia and France with ajoint Allied Control Council, probablylocated in Berlin, deciding matters af-fecting Germany as a whole.

The ruling nations will be repre-

sented on the council by General ofthe Army Dwight D. Eisenhower,Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgom-ery, Marshal Gregory Zhukov andMaj. Gen. Jean de Lattre de Tassignywho will be in individual charge ofthe four zones.

Fifteen stringent articles dealingwith Germany will be put into effect.They include complete disarmament,the surrender of all armed units andforces, evacuation of all territoriesoutside the restored borders, surren-der of aircraft, ships, war materials,War plants and equipment; surrenderof al l Allied prisoners ; surrender of

all principal German leaders as spe-cified by the Allies’ representativesand all persons suspected of havingcommitted or abetted war crimes, andforbids destruction, transfer o r dam-age to military, naval, shipping or in-

QUOTES OF THE MONTH

Roy M . B r o w n , labor union offi-cial, on return from Pacific tour:“We have seen, we have heard, andwe have been actually overwhelmedby the unbelievable scope of o u r

war in the Pacific with the Japs.”Corp. Craddock Goins Jr . , USMC,back home from Iwo: “Marineslong ago stopped thinking of them(Japs) as human beings-justnasty little things t o be wiped outas conveniently as possible.”* N e w Y o ~ kugboa t skipper, whohas berthed battleships and LSTs :“Funny how an admiral will turnhis ship over t o me without wor-rying-but the skipper of a littleLST will worry and fret the wholetime.”Q Bill Mauldin , soldier cartoonist:“They (veterans) are so damnedsick and tired of having their nosesrubbed in a stinkingwar that theironly ambition will be t o forget it. . . . They don’t need pity, becauseyou don’t pity brave men.”

Gen. Omar Bradley, when askedhow it felt to be leaving combatduty : “Well, the combat ,sort ofran out over there anyyay.

Japanese radio , on how t o escape

injury in B-29 air raids: “Youcan run quite a distance in the op-posite direction after sighting the(falling) explosives.”

W e s t e r n s h e r i f f , who ;ode J apbomb balloon for 55 minutes ofhedgehopping trying t o stop it : “Iwas plumb tuckered out. Felt likeI was in the middle of a night-mare.”* Alber t Speer , form er Nazi Minis-ter of Production, when capturedby British troops: “I am glad. Itwas only an opera-a comic opera,!anyway.”

President Tmcman to General of

the Army Eisenhower the morningafter a White House buffet supperin the latter’s honor: “I don’tknow about yay; but I had a modtime last night.

I

45



GERMAN’S CHIEF PORT, Bremen, i s under control of a

Official U. S. Navy photographs

Navv task force that was transported 400 miles overlandby Army. Men occupy former Nazi barracks (left). Navy unifor‘ms and jeeps ar.e familiar sights around Bremen (above).

dustrial material, or records or ar-chives.

Under th e declaration all state, mu-nicipal o r local governments will betaken over by the Allies who willdirect all railways, transport, com-munications and radio services.

Failure to abide by the articles ofgovernment will bring about “what-ever action h a y be deemed appropri-ate under the circumstances.’’

Although occupation zones of the

four powers were not definitely an-nounced, it was understood that Rus-sia would occupy an eastern zone,Britain a northwestern zone, the U. S.a southwestern zone and France awestern zone between Britain and theU. S. To handle the job for theUnited States, three armies-the 3d,7th and 15th-will remain in theReich. The 9th Army, once slated asan occupation force with the 15 th, wasexpected to return to America by theend of Ju ly while the 15th may be re-deployed t o another war theater bythe end of the year, depending on con-ditions in Germany.

Headed WestThe ball-turret gunner ducked out

of the open bomb-bay doors, knelt andreverently kissed the hot asphalt ofthe runway. “Good old U.S.,” hesaid. “I’m home!”

On airdromes and the wooden plank-ing of piers in several East Coastports the scene was repeated oftenlast month a s ground and air veteransof the Battle of Europe returned fromthe task of whipping Germany. Butfor most of them it was only a tempo-rary respite.

A comparative few were to be dis-

charged under the Army’s point sys-tem. Thousands of released PWswere guaranteed discharge o r duty inthe States.

But millions were scheduled forleave, retraining and embarkation forthe Pacific where, Commander-in-Chief

46

Truman promised th e Japs, more than3,500,000 troops willbe hurled intoan intensified drive to conquer theOriental enemy.

As redeployment to the Pacific be-gan in earnest, the President, in amessage to Congress, announced thata mighty army would crush Japanjust as Germany had been smashed.Allied forces propose to pin down Japforces where they now are and de-stroy them piece by piece; concentrate

overwhelming power on each segmentwhich we attack; use ships, aircraft,armor ‘and artillery and all other ma-teriel in massive concentrations t ogain victory with the smallest possibleloss of life, said the President.

In keeping with his report, men ofthe 1 st Army and the 8th and 15thAir Forces were already being sentto the Japanese front. Tokyo radioreported that B-17s and B-24s werealready massing on American islandbases in the Pacific and even claimedthat one Liberator force had raided aJap home island. .

Atlantic BoxscoreMarauding German U-boats were

all set t o open another phase of theBattle of the Atlantic with some 150to 170 operational raiders when thenew undersea blitz was halted by theReich’s unconditional surrender.

This and other facts about the longand costly war at sea were disclosedlast month by the Allies following thefall of Germany.

The operational submarines were allnew and “obviously being fitted andreadied for a very intensive cam-paign,” according to a U. s. Navyspokesman. They comprised approxi-

mately one-third of Germany’s entireundersea fleet.

Throughout the 68-month campaign,the Allies sank a total of 713 U-boats.British forces scored the greatestnumber of kills, 462, while U. S. andothtr Allied forces were cretlited with

151 sinkings. An additional 100 U-boats were known to have been de-stroyed by mines and other causes.One German U-boat was sunk by ussHer r ing , an American submarine, inthe Bay of Biscay, home of the U-boats in France. Challenged by an un-seen vessel while on patrol, the H e r -r ing’s skipper, Comdr. John Corbus,USN, ordered all tubes made ready andmade a search for the challenger,thinking he might be closing in on anenemy blockade runner.

He finally ,sighted the other vesseland identified it as a U-boat, slither-ing along on the surface. A t closerange the He rr ing fired two torpe-does, both of which hit, and the H e r -ring g o t credit for the only Nazi U-boat sunk by an American submarine.

In the des truction of some U-boats,combined U. S., British or Alliedforces received joint credit, and shore-based and carrier-borne air forces co-operated, which resulted in a frac-tional designation in some categories.Final figures cover all submarinessunk, whether in the Atlantic, Medi-terranean, Indian Ocean, Baltic, Arc-

ti c o r other waters.U. . forces British Empire

and other forces andAllied forces other Allied Total(except Brit- forces (except German

ish Empire U.S. forces) U-boatsforces under under Brit- assesse d

Sunk by: U. . control ish control as sunk

Ships .......... 30% 2 0 5 % 2 3 6Shore-hasedCarrier-borneircraft ...... 45

aircraft ...... 32Joint ship-shore-

based aircraft 7 % t

Joint ship-car-rier-borne air-craft ............ 6

Submarines _... 1Bombine raids

18% 50 %

2 1 % 29

4 1025 26

on U-boatsafloat in enemyports .......... 2 9 8 37

Total ........ 151 462 613- L

The U-boat war came perilouslyclose t o American coastlines in two

ALL HANDS



s e c t o rs t h e Atlantic seaboard and theGulf of Mexico. More seriously hi t ofthe two was the Gulf sea frontierwhere, from February 1942 until V-Eday, 111 Allied ships were attackedan d 882 men killed o r wounded by theenemy. Only 15 of the vessels weresalvaged while 92 were sunk, many ofthem going down in flames. In 1942,10 7 ships were attacked. Fo ur wereattacked the following year and nonein 1944 or 1945. May, June and Julyof 1942 were high months, the Navy

reported. Twenty-five ships were sentto t he bottom immediately outside NewOrleans and 25 off F lor ida betweenKey West and Daytona Beach during1942. Navy officers estimated theybattled at least 34 different (subma-rines in the Gulf area.

Off the Atlantic seaboard GermanU-boats first became active the 43 dnight afte r Pearl Harbor. From thenon, for 177 days, the enemy prowledthe coastal waters, sinking 27 shipstotaling 109,795 tons.

Most of the U-boats still at sea onV-E day were accounted for withintwo weeks aft er the end of the war.

However, four to six were still miss-ing from the list of those obtained byth e Allies. One U-boat was reportedscuttled off Portugal early in June butmost were captured or turned into AI-lied ports.

Mine-laying German U-boats effec-tively bottled up shipping in five U. S.East Coast harbors at different ne-riods throughout th e war. For--th;eedays in November 1942 no ships movedin o r out of New York. Five Germanmines were swept from the ap-proaches. Chesapeake Bay was twiceclosed to traffic because of mines, firston 16-17 June 1942 and later on 12-14Sept. of the same year. Five vesselswere damaged o r sunk during the firstperiod. Jacksonville, Charleston andWilmington were also closed briefly

because of enemy mines. German sub-marines also sowed 10 mines at theentrance to the Panama Canal nearColon and four more off the BritishWest, ndies.

Allied and neutral countries lost4,770 merchant ships from direct warcauses-more th an half of them toenemy U-boats-between 3 Sept. 1939and 8 May 1945, it was disclosed lastmonth in a joint announcement by theU. S. Navy and British Admiralty.The loss amounted t o 21,140,000 gross

tons. At the same time the Wa r De-partment reported that 3,604 Ameri-can soldiers, of the 4,453,061 sent tothe European-African theater, hadbeen lost on 41 troopships sunk ordamaged.

~

American losses were 538 ships of3,310,000 tons, the British Empire lost2,570 ships totaling 11,380,000 tons,other Allies 1,172 ships of 5,030,000tons and neutrals 49 0 ships of 1,420,-

1

000 tons.Of th e total Allied and neutral shim

lost in the war 2,770 were sunk byU-boats, 520 by mines, 330 by surfacecraft, 75 0 by aircraft and 400 by other

causes.. The War Shipping Administrationannounced an additional 98 4 U. S.ships lost in wartime marine accidentsand also counted in their total of shipssunk 27 merchant ships used to forma breakwater on the Normandy beach-head. A tota l of 1,554 merchant shipsof 6,277,077 tons thus were lost by theUnited Sta tes from 3 Sent. 1939 to 8May 1945.

The War Department’s report onpersonnel casualties disclosed thatonly 10 vessels were lost involving theloss of 50 o r more soldiers. Greatestloss of life occurred with the sinkingof the Rohna, British troopship, byenemy air action off Algeria on 26Nov. 1943. Less than 30 minutes afterit was hit the Rohna went down and1,015 Americans died.

WORLD AFFAIRSAgreement at San Francisco

Last major problem before theUnited Nations conference at SanFrancisco was removed when Russiaagreed to compromise the dispute overdiscussion in the proposed World Gen-eral Assembly. The Russians hadbeen insisting that the conference ad-here strictly to the language of the

Dumbarton Oaks proposals whichgave the Assembly the right “to dis-cuss any questions relating to themaintenance of international peaceand security.” Instead, they offeredto accept some of the language pro-posed by the Australian Foreign Min-ister, D r. Herbert Vere Evatt, chiefexponent of unlimited discussion.

The Big Five also agreed to make ithard for Germany, Italy, Japan andother enemy states tQ join the newworld security organization. They de-cided t ha t participation in t he organi-zation by these states would have tobe okayed by the Big Five. The Con-ference committee on membemhip alsopassed a resolution declaring that nogovernment which came into beingwith the military aid of Axis powersshould be admitted to the new worldorganization.

Big 3 to M e e tSometime in the first half of this

month the long-awaited meeting ofPresident Truman, Prime MinisterChurchill and Marshal Stalin was totak e place. The exact site was notrevealed, b ut i t will be held i n theBerlin area-possibly Potsdam.

Among possible subjects the Big 3might take up were the situations inthe Levant and Trieste. These twointernational teapots, which were boil-ing angrily for several weeks andthreaten ing Europe’s new-found peace,simmered down as the month came toan end. In Syria and Lebanon, whereFrench and Levantine troops clashed,the former heeded British suggestionsand withdrew its troops. In Trieste,which Marshal Tito was claiming forYugoslavia and threatening to “fightfor it,” the Partisan leader acceptedAllied proposals and Withdrew hisforces.

Another subject that had been cre-ating international tension since V-Eday was the arrest by Russia of 16Polish underground leaders on chargesof plotting against the Red Army.Last month they went on trial be--fore the Military Collegium of theSupreme Cour t in Moscow. Russianofficials announced that 15 had con-fessed tota l o r par t guilt of a. long listof charges that included the allegedkilling of at least 59 4 Russian officersand terroristic and propaganda activi-ties behind Russian lines. One plead-ed not guilty. Maj. Gen. LeopoldOkulicki, Polish Home Army com-mander and principal defendant, tes-tified the Government-in-exile in Lon-don ordered him to fight against theRed Army and the Moscow-sponsoredLublin Committee. Twelve of the 16were found guilty and sentenced toprison terms ranging from 10 years to

WHITE HOUSE HUDDLE followed return of Harry Hapkins (right) from spe-cial mission to Moscow. Behind President are Joseph E. Davies, recently back

from mission to London, and Fleet Admiral Leahy, ‘Presidential Chief o f Staff. - fou r months.

JULY 1945 47- -_^.- .-“____

-



NEWS OF THE NAVYThe 10th Fleet, organized 20 May

1943 to direct the Ba ttle of the At-lantic , ha s been dissolved. Through-out its v i t a l caree r, the 10th wasunder the immediate direction of FleetAdmiral King. Rear Admiral FrancisS. Low, USN, Assistant Chief of Staff(Anti-Submarine) , U. S. Fleet, wasits first Chief of Staff. Rear Admiral

A. R. McCann, USN, succeeded him inJanuary 1945.

The 10th was a fleet without a ship;when surface or air f o r c e s wereneeded, it called upon Atlantic Fleetand sea frontier forces. It was di-rected to destroy enemy subs, protectAllied shipping in the U. S. sea fron-tiers, support Allied anti-sub forcesin the Atlantic, control convoys andshipping that were U. S. responsi-bilities and correlate U. S. anti-sub re-search and training. It was formedinto four principle divisions : opera-tions; anti-submarine measures (ma-teriel, training, analysis and statis-

tics and operational research) ; onvoyand routing; and a scientific councilof civilian scientists.

Through this specialized organiza-tion, 10th Fleet headquarters made in-stantly available latest intelligence,developments, training and operationalprocedures t o Admiral Royal E. In-gersoll, USN, CinCLant, and other fleetan d fron tier commanders who directedthe actual operations a t sea.0 Th e “allowance” system i s being re-vived by the Navy, Alnav 113-45(NDB, 15 Jun e, 45-613) announced

la st month. “Complement” continuest o mean the number of personnel

needed to operate a ship or station atmaximum efficiency under full steamin time of war. “Allowance” meansthe number of personnel who will beassigned t o the ship or station as re-quired for it to do its current job.The fact that the Navy is approach-ing its ceiling of authorized personnel

Official U..S. Navy photographs

CLOTHING BARGE IS the latestwrinkle a t Pearl Harbor. The floatinghaberdashery, a quonset hut on abarge, sells as much as $7,000 of

items a day.

48

requires a higher degree of distribu-tion control. The allowance systemwill serve this need.

Nine former U. S. warships aresailing the seas under the red bannerof the Russian Navy. This was dis-closed by Prime Minister Churchilllast month when he announced thatthe United States and Great Britain

had turned over 14 fighting vessels tothe Red Fleet a year ago after Russiahad requested a portion of the cap-tured Italian Fleet. Former U. s.ships loaned to the Russians includedthe cruiser Milwaukee , now known asthe Mur m ans k , and eight of the over-age destroyers transferred t o Britainin 1940.

Fully manned for combat, the Mil-waukee left New York for Russia viathe United Kingdom early in 1944. Inthe British Isles U. S. naval personnelfamiliar with the Russian languagewere embarked. On arrival in Russia,the Milwaukee transferred approxi-

mately half of her crew back to Eng-land aboard escort vessels to providespace for the new Russian crew.

The Russians were instructed in theoperation of a ll departments of theship while the Milwaukee was in port.Later she put to sea and instructionwas given in the use of all armamentand various other tests including max-imum speed. “We wanted to be surethat the y were familiar with the ship’sguns and machinery under simulatedbattle conditions,” said the Milwaukeeskipper, Capt. Charles Fielding, USN.

Original names of the flush-deckerswere Cowell, Croninshield, Herndon,M a d d o x , T w i ggs , F a i r f ax , F oo t e ,T hom as plus the non-operational Y a r -nal l , used for spare parts. Britishfighting ships included in the trans-action were the old battleship RoyalSovere ign which the Russians re-named Archangelsk , and four modernsubmarines, Sunfish, Unbroken, Uni-so n and Ursula. In addition Russiareceived 40,000 tons of merchant ship-ping, 20,000 tons each from U. s. andGreat Britain.

The Allied vessels were turned overto Russia instead of Italian units be-cause the Italian ships were built forspecific use in Mediterranean watersand were unsuited for operations innorthern seas where the Russians in-tended to use them.

Midshipmen at the U. S. NavalAcademy will again take a four-yearcourse of instruction, fo r the first timesince 1941. The present fou rth class(Class of 1948) will be divided intotwo halves at the end of the springterm, the upper half to continue onthe three-year course and the lowerhalf to become the third class andgradua te in Jun e 1948.

Lt. Comdr. John McCloy, USN (Ret),one of the four Navy men ever to

have won the Congressional Medal ofHonor twice, died on 25 May at hishome in Leonia, N. J, He was awardedhis first Medal of Honor in 1900 whileserving with the China Relief Expedi-tion and his second award in April1914 a t Vera Cruz, Mexico.


Admiral Turner

0 Admiral Richmond K. Turner, USN,

became the 17th four-star admiral onactive duty when his promotion fromvice admiral was confirmed on 24 May1945 by the Senate.

A graduate of the Naval Academyin 1908, where he stood fifth in his

class, Admiral Turner served duringWorld War I aboard the uss Penn-sy lvania, and a s gunnery officer aboardthe uss Michigan and uss Mississippi.Because of his interest in the rise ofnaval aviation as a vital factor in war-fare, he reported fo r flight train ing atPensacola in 1927, at the age of 42,and received a designation as navalaviator.

Admiral Turner has served as com-mander of aircraft squadrons andlarge combatant ships, as well as Di-rector of the War Plans Division, of-

fice of CNO, and as Assistant Chief ofStaff t o Cominch. On 18 July 1942he became Commander, AmphibiousForces, Pacific Fleet, and participatedin most of the major Pacific engage-ments. He holds the Navy Cross and

a the Distiguished Service Medal wit htwo gold stars.

Also recently confirmed were:

To be rear admiral:Harold B. Sallada, USN, to be Chief of

the Bure au of Aeronautics. (See oppositepage. )

Dixwell Ketcham, USN.

William M. Caliaghan, USN.

n to the USWilliam N Thomas

as Chief of Chaplains’Nav al Personnel. (See opposite page. )

Roscoe F. Good, USN.

To be major general in the Marine

Thomas E. Eourke, usivIC.

LeRoy P. Hunt, USMC.

To be commodore:

Corps:

James E. Boak, USN while serving asCommander, U. S. Navgl Repair Base, SanDiego, Calif.

Merrill Comstock, USN, while serving in

the submarine forces, U. S. Fleet.Charles F. Martin USN, while serving asa commande r of an ’adv anc e nav al base.

James E. Maher USN while serving ascommander of a t;a:al?sport squadron.

William S. Popham, USN, while servingas commander of a transport squadron.

Dennis L. Ryan, USN, while serving as



-- - -a etimmander of a transport squadron,

Commander, Naval Air Bases, 1st ND.

as chief of staff to ComSubsPac.

Dixie Kiefer, USN. while serving as

George C. Crawford, USN. while serving

To be brigadier general in the Ma-

Joseph T. Smith, USMC.

Andrew E. Creasy, UsMC.

Evans, 0. Ames, USMC.

rine Corps:

0 So that the Navy may be preparedfor any possible future conflict, theOffice of Research and Inventions hasbeen established to continue and in-stigate experiments necessary to

maintain superiority of Americannaval weapons.

Rear Admiral Harold G. Bowen,USN, ormer Director of the Office ofPatents and Inventions, will be chiefof the new office which incorporatesthe Naval Research Laboratory, Spe-cial Devices Division of BuAer, theOffice of Research and Developmentan d th e Office of Pat ents and Inven-tions. Admiral Bowen’s office will comeunder th e direct supervision of th eSecretary.

Capt. Luis DeFlorez, uSNR, Directorof the Special Devices Division ofBuAer, will be Assistant Chief to the

Admiral.New chief of BuAer is Rear Ad-

miral Harold Salla-da, USN, who suc-ceeded Read Ad-miral DeWitt C .Ramsey, USN, on 1June. Admiral Sal-lada was in com-mand of a carrierdivision in the Pa-cific just prior t oassuming his newbillet. He servedDreviiouslv in Bu-

Admiral Sallada &” from 193l to

1933 .and from 1936to 1939 and was director. of planningin BuAer and under the Deputy Chiefof Naval Operations (Air) in 1942 and1943. Admiral Ramsey, BuAer chiefsince August 1943, has been given a seaassignment.0 Rear Admiral William N. Thomas(ChC) USN, on 1 Ju ly succeeded Rear

Admiral Robert D.Workman (ChC)USN, as Chief ofChaplains. Chap-lain T h o m a s hadbeen chaplain ofthe Naval Acade-

my, Annapolis, Md.,since 1933. A Meth-odist, he was ap-pointed t o thechap-lain Corps 5 Jan.1918 and h is Der-

Chaplain Thomas m a n e n t ofcaptain dates from

1 July 1941. Chaplain Workman, aPresbyterian, whosk new assignmenthas not been announced, had been Di-rector of the Chaplains Division, Bu-Pers, since June 1937 and was pro-moted to rear admiral and appointedChief of Chaplains following creationof that post by Congress in December

1944 (ALL HANDS,Feb. 1944, p. 70).He reverted to his permanent rank ofcaptain upon being succeeded as Chiefof Chaplains.

Establishment of tlie U. S. NavyPhotographic Institute under the di-

JULY 1945

Mr. Bard Mr. Gates Mr. Sullivan

Ralph A. Bard Resigns, Succeeded by Artemus L. Gates

As UnderSecNav; John L. Sullivan New AstSecNavAir

Under Secretary of the Navy RalphA. Bard has resigned his office andhas been replaced by Artemus L.Gates, Assistant Secretary for Air,effective 1 July. President Trumanaccepted M r. Bard’s resignation on 9June after th e latte r had twice askedto be relieved.

Succeeding Mr. Gates as AssistantSecretary is John L. Sullivan, aformer Assistant Secretary of theTreasury.

Mr. Bard was appointed AssistantSecretary of the Navy by the lateSecretary Frank Knox and was madeUnder Secretary on the death of Mr.Knox. Mr. Gates came to the NavyDepartment in 1941 from the presi-dency of a New York trust company.

Secretary Forrestal said of Mr.Bard’s resignation:

“With deep regret I learned fromMr. Bard that he felt he must nowpress his resignation.“During the past four years, he

has performed a great service to theNavy and to the Nation, and we shallmiss him. I am pleased th at he haspromised t o hold himself availablefor any special work which we mayask him to do.”

On 9 June the President sent thefollowing letter to Mr. Bard, accept-ing his resignation:

Dear Ralph:I have your letter of resignation dated

May 23d and have reluctantly come tothe conclusion that vou arc entitled tohave i t accepted. As”you request, it willbe effective on July 1, 1945.

Dur ing your Deriod of du tv as Assis-tan t Secreta ry an d U nder S-mretary ofthe Navy for the past four and one-halfyears our Navy has been built UP to be-come’the most powerful in the world. Iknow that a gre at part of t hat resulthas been due to your energy and wis-dom. Yours ha s been a splendid recordof service fo r which th e nation is grate -ful. and in which I am sure YOU can takegre at pride.

The Secretary of the Navy has in-formed me that he will require your ser-vices and advice on special assignmentsat least until the end of the war . I a m

very happy th at you have expressed will-ingness to continue to serve your co untryin that capacity as soon as YOU havetaken a much ndeded and deserved rest.

With all best wishes to you. and hop-ing that you will come in t o see me

from time to time when you are inWashington,

Very sincerely yours

Following is the text of UnderSecretary Bard’s letter to t he Presi-dent:MY Dear Mr. President:

On November 6th 1944, I sent myresignation as Und& Secretary of th eNav y to Preside nt Roosevelt asking tobe relieved from my duties oh or beforeV-E Day. On Apri l 25th. 1945 I wrote toYOU,,eferring to my previous letter toPreside nt Roosevelt, offering my resigna-tion to you and hoping for your favor-able consideration at your early con-venience.

I have, of course, discussed this ma tte rthoroughly with Secretary Forrestal, andI am s ure he is now in accord and ha smade satisfactory arrangements which

will permit me to be relieved on or a boutJuly 1st. As of that date I shall haveserved as Assistant Secretary and UnderSecretary of the Navy almost four andone-half years without any substantialrelaxation. It is my opinion that a

HARRY. T R ~ X A N

younger man can better-carry on thetype of work th at remains to be done bythe Under Secretary of th e Navy duringthe balance of the war and the recon-struction period which will follow.Changes in the organization are boundt o occur and fo r the beneflt of the Nav ythey should be made gradually and notin too short a period of time.

I have told Secretary Forrestal th ataf ter a short rest, which I assure you isnecessary at this time I shall be avail-ab le to serve him for ;he balance of thewar on special assignments if he hasfurth er need of m y services. ’The Navy’s

interests will always be paramount withme, as they are now in this requestwhich I am making for relief from rou-tine duties as Under Secretary of theNaw_

Dhring these past years, under Secre-tary Forrestal, the Navy has reached itsfull strength, and is going forward ad-mirably unde r the able leadership of Sec-retary Forrestal and Admiral King.

It has been a ereat and st imulatineexperience to h av e served both you a n aPresident Roosevelt as Commander-in-Chief, t he Sec retaries of the Navy, andthe Navy itself. To the offlcers and en-listed men and my civilian associates offhe Nav y 1 -bo w with deep respect andin admir at ion o f t h e i r unmatchedachievements.

I would like also to express the ad-miration which I feel for the manner in

which you a re carrying on your newresponsibilities as President and I as-su re you of m y loyal codperation inevery possible way.

Respectfully yours,RALPHA. BARD

49



New Two-Engine Fighter

Packs Terrific Wal lopMore powerful than any other U.S. Navy o r Jap fighter, heavy andmaneuverable, packing a four-plypunch with rockets, bombs, torpedoesand bullets, the Navy’s F7F Grum-man Tigercat is the newest threat tosweep enemy planes from the skies.

Powered by twin 2,100-hp. Prattand Whitney Double Wasp engines,the Tigercat rates in the 425-mile-an-hour class and, with the aid of a300-gallon drop tank, has the longestrange of any carrier-based fighter o rfighter-bomber yet developed. Suc-cessor t o the F 4F Wildcat and F6 F

Hellcat, the new Tigercat will gofirst to Marine fighter squadrons op-erating from advance bases.

As fighters, divebombers and tor-pedo planes the Tigercats eventuallywill fly from the decks of the new 45,-000-ton super carri ers of the Mi d-way class. Because of their tricyclelanding gear they can be handledwith ease on carrier flight decks.

The Tigercat is the fastest-climb-

ing Navy plane, soaring into theskies t o intercept the enemy at a

climbing rate of a mile a minute. Inaddition i t is faste r at sea level tha nany Jap plane and its horsepowercan be increased considerably forshort periods by water injection.

Size of the Tigercat is importantbecause of it s ability to ca rr y morearmament. Heavier gunned thaneither the Hellcat or the gull-wingedCorsair, it can carry 4,000 pounds ofbombs o r a full-sized marine torpedo.

The multi-purpose Tigercat is alsobeing built as a night fighter. Modi-fied to carry both a pilot and ob-server, the night-hunting model(F7F-2, N ) is specially equipped tointercept enemy aircraft.

In time the Tigercats may replacethe faithful Grumman Avenger to r -pedo bombers for they exceed theAvenger’s top speed by more than100 miles an hour. After deliveringtheir load at an enemy ship they canthen turn to fighter tactics, protect-ing other bombers waiting to attack.The Tigercat can come home on oneengine if necessary.

Official U, S. Marine Corps photograph

Folding wings and three wheels make big plane easy to handle on carrier.

rection of Capt. Edward J. Steichen,USNR (Re t), was announced lastmonth by SecNav. Major objectivesof the institute ar e the constant im-provement of Navy photography andincreased use of photography as amedium of public information and his-torical records. Annual awards toNavy photographers for work afloatand ashore will be given each NavyDay fo r outstanding work in both stilland motion-picture photography.

The 6,000 Shore Patrolmen stationedthroughout the naval districts in the

continental U. S. last month werecommended by David A. Crawford,president of the Pullman Co. Theaward was received on behalf of theentire group by 11 outstanding ShorePatrolmen from 11 districts. Thescroll, which was awarded on 13 Juneon the Union Station Plaza in Wash-ington, D. C,, commended the servicerecord of patrolmen for duty aboardthe trains of the nation’s railroads. Itsaid in part: “Charged with the re-sponsibility, jointly with the Army’sMilitary Police, of safeguarding thewelfare of millions of servicemenmoved by the railroads in wartime

travel, the .Shore Pa trol h as main-tained ’round-the-clock vigilance incars of the Pullman Company, as wellas in the coaches of the railroad com-panies on thousands of trains. TheShore Patrol has been the confidantand companion of these travelers, giv-ing aid to the weary, succor to the ill,and comfort to the sa d of heart.”

The use of s e v e n experimentalmodels enabled the Navy to put intoservice in what may be record time anew observation-scout plane which canfly higher, farther and twice as fastand defend itself better than any pre-vious model. It is the Curtiss-WrightSeahawk (SC-1). Less than two yearselapsed from the time the plane leftthe drawing board to the time it wasrolling off t h e l i n e s at Cuytiss-Wright’s Columbus, Ohio, plant.

The Seahawk, which received itsbaptism of fire in the pre-invasionbombardment of Borneo, is a single-place, single-float low-wing seaplane.It has nearly three t i m e s the 450horsepower o f t h e Chance-VoughtKingfisher. The Kingfisher’s rescuerecord is “magnificent,” but it hasbeen limited by lack of power. Forinstance, the Kingfisher that rescuedCapt. Eddie Rickenbacker and twocompanions had to taxi 40 miles tosafety because the load was too great.

The Seahawk’s high ceiling and longrange help it to spot enemy ships. It sfast climb, maneuverability and addedfirepower enable it to combat enemyplanes and antiaircraft more effec-tively. And its extra horsepower andincreased size make it better a t rescuethan the Kingfisher.

W. L. Richardson, the first officialNavy photographer, died of a heartattack on 7 Jun e while making a tourof inspection of the Navy Photo-graphic Laboratories in Washington,D. C. Mr. Richardson, as a young, un-

rated sailor, took the first pictures ofU. S. naval vessels and aircraft dur-ing World W ar I.

In 1918 he established the Navy’sI_ first photographic laboratory, and in

, 1922 was designated Senior Scientist,the title he held at his death.

A44 NARDS



of her ill-fated namesake and prede-cessor, the fleet oiler USS Pecos car-ries three Jap planes on her bridgescoreboard and has three “firsts” toher credit after a long tour of dutyin the Pacific. The former Pecos,also an oiler, was sunk after rescuingsurvivors from the carrier uss Lang-ley, which went down on 27 Feb. 1942.The new Pecos (A0 65) earned thename “Task Force 65” during a J apaircraft attack while steaming be-tween Leyte Gulf and Mindoro Island.Her AA guns hurled so much fire into

the sky that another tanker so christ-ened he r out of respect for h er valiantdefense. In action from the Aleutianst o the Philippines, the Pecos was in thefirst group of oilers to participate in asustained fleet operation when combatvessels remained on patrol for 90 daysin Alaskan waters; one of the firstfleet oilers to enter Jap-held territorywhen she steamed into Majuro atoll inthe Marshalls two days ‘after theisland fell, and the first oiler to an-chor in Mangarin Bay off Mindoro forrefueling operations.

One of the world’s mightiest fight-fficial U. S. Coast Guard photooraph

FIRST SPAR to step ashore for duty in Alaska i s Margaret E. Prior, PhM3c, ing ships, the USS is^^^^^, has beenof Los Angeles. She and sister Spark are greeted by men they will replace. roaming the Pacific since last Decem-ber, the Navy disclosed last month.

in one hour. Top scorer in the @OuP She ha s been serving a s par t of a

SHIPS & STATIONS is Lt. James B. “Killer” Cain, who de- fa st carrie r task force striking a t thes t w e d eight JaP Planes, in one Case Ja ps on Luzon, Formosa, the Chinaby chewing off the enemy’s tail assem- Coast, Iwo Jima, Okinawa and the Jap

0 Old as she i s 4 7 year s on 19 Ma bly with his Hellcat propeller. homeland. Third of th e 45,000-tonnersthe veteran repai r ship, USS Vesta& 0 The 7,890 Philippine islands now to be completed, th e Wisconsin wasstill ministering to the wounded ships have their own airl ine network, op- ordered in 1940, laid down in Ja nu ar yof the Pacific fleet, despite a series of erated by NATS. Within 12 weeks 1941, launched on 7 Dec. 1943 an dmajor face liftings and the Pearl Har- aft er the recapture of Manila, Navy commissioned 16 April 1944. Commo-bor attack which almost destroyed her. Skymasters, Skytrains and Coronados dore (then Capt.) Earl E. Stone, USN,Hit by four bombs while moored along- were shutt ling war cargoes, mail and commanded the mighty vessel duringside uss Arixona, the Vestal was al- personnel to all important captured her first months of battle until he wasmost abandoned; bu t the late Capt. islands and posts. Linked with the relieved by Capt. John W. Roper, USN,

Cassin Young, USN, who had been NATS mainline from the U. S., the on 6 Mar. 1945. Shortly af te r theblown overboard, returned in time to Philippine network starts at Samar Wisconsin joined the carrier force, shecountermand the order, get the ship and run s 600 miles west to Palawan rode out one of the worst typhoons onunder way and successfully ground and extends from Manila 600 miles record in Philippine waters and suf-her nearby. Vestal was repaired by south to Zamboanga. fered only trifling damage. I n rapidher own men who also helped save e Maintaining the gallant reputation succession the bew battlewagon as-men from the Oklahoma trapped be-neath twisted steel decks. Since thenthe Vestal has made major repairs onfleet units ranging from aircraft car-rie rs t o tugs, including rigging a com-plete network of tubing f o r a warshipwhose main engine-room lines hadbeen destroyed.

From Saigon to Tokyo the rockets,bombs, bullets and torpedoes of Air

Group 45 have lashed the Japs onland, sea and in the air, destroying ordamaging 285 enemy planes, sinking10,500 tons of J a p shipping and dam-aging an additional 134,500 tons inmore th an 3,000 combat sorties. Re-tu rn ing from five months’ Pacific a r t yaboard an Independence-class carrier,the group related some of its experi-ences including its strike on the Otaaircraft plant, northwest of Tokyo, on16 February. Avenger bombers andHellcat fighters of th e g roup destroyedkey installations in the attack whilethe fighters knocked down 28 enemyfighters. Other land ta rge ts included

Jap airfields on Kyushu and militaryand naval installations in Indochina,China, the Philippines, Formosa, IWOand Okinawa. At Saigon the group’splanes destroyed 70% of three majoroil-tank farms, At Okinawa, 16 of F L A M E S burst from Hellcat’s gas tank after it caught arresting gear too late

it s Hellcats downed 21% enemy planes and crashed into island of carrier, The pilot stepped from the inferno unhurt.

JULY i945 51

Official U . S. Navy photograph

-



The Navy‘s Biggest Transport

USS WEST POINT’S sleek lines suggest spe ed which protects her f rom subs.

Through seas streaked with tor-pedo wakes, torn by storms and rip-ped by bombs the uss West Point,the Navy’s largest troop transport,has carried more than 350,000 sol-diers, sailors and marines t o an dfrom the battlefron ts of t he world in

unescorted d a s h e s covering morethan 350,000 miles and equal to 14trips around the globe.

Like most large transports-she’sonly 27 feet shorter than a 750-footWashington-class b at tl es hi pa ll herwartime voyages have been madewithout the protection of convoyingwarships. On speed alone has hersafety depended and never once hasshe lost a passenger.

Details of her operations cameLast month as security was partial-ly lifted on her career. Convertedfrom the luxury liner ss America,largest merchant vessel ever built inthe United States, the West Pointbegan her w ar life in Singapore har-bor when Jap artillery and planesscattered shrapnel on her weatherdecks and dropped bombs within 50yards of her giant hull.

Since then her escapes have beennumerous. Off Rio de Janeiro a Nazitorpedo streaked across her bow. InMilne Bay men of the West Pointstood at battle stations for hours

against Jap air raiders. In the RedSea and a t S u e z h er g u n s werealerted and barrage balloons werelifted against surprise Nazi torpedoplanes. Submarines have been sunknot far from her track.

Last winter, during raging storms

which produced waves 50 feet high,the W.est Point suffered some dam-age, according to her skipper, Capt.Webb C. Hayes, USNR. One wavestruck the forward gun platform, 50feet above the waterline, and demol-ished it.

In continuous service since the out-break of the war, the West Point hasmade as many as 24 crossings of theAtlantic in a single year. Her portsof call include Bombay, Marseilles,Capetown, Guadalcanal, Canal Zone,Liverpool, Noumea, Merzel-Kebir.

With a crew of more than 800men, the West Point can carry u -ward of 7,700 passengers but on&half of them can crowd a t one timeon open weather decks. Besides serv-ing as a troop transport she alsocarr ies casualties. In a recent trip-after V-E day-she brought 191litter cases and 400 wounded homefrom Europe. She has transportedthousands of Axis prisoners destinedfor prison camps in the States.

Official U. S. Navy photosraphs

GI PASSENGERS sun themselves on deck. West Point ferried 350,000.

52

sisted in attacks on Luzon’s airfields,strikes at Formosa, a return trip toLuzon and into the South China Sea.Following these operations, which cov-ered the landings of the Army on thebeaches of Lingayen Gulf, the Wiscon-sin steamed out of tropic seas t o takepart in the first great carrier raids onTokyo. Next assignment was a visitto Iwo t o cover Marine landings. Thiswas quickly followed by more airstr ikes on Japan. Mounting nine 16-inch, 50-cal. guns in her main bat-teries, and 20 five-inch, 38-cal. dual-

purpose guns in dual mounts, theWisconsin also carries approximately148 AA guns from 20 mm. t o five inch.

0 Oldest of ,the 45,000-ton battleships,uss Iowa, has completed more thantwo yea rs of active fleet service dur-ing which she has pounded the Japswith her 16-inch rifles as well asserved on diplomatic missions for thelate President Roosevelt, CincPac an-nounced last month in releasing a re-view of her combat record through 1March 1945. Before seeing any actionthe Iowa carried the late Commander-in-Chief to North Africa for his con-

ference with Prime Minister Churchilland French leaders in the Fall of 1943.Her guns first roared their salvos ofdeath in the Marshalls, at Kwajaleinan d Eniwetok, early in 1944. Fromthen until her retur n to the States fora yard overhaul a year later, she con-stantly smashed at Jap-held shoresahd islands-Truk, Hollandia, Palau,Ponape, Saipan, Tinian, the Philip-pines-and took pa rt in the Battle fo rLeyte Gulf.

Officers and men of uss StephenPotter, a fleet destroyer, responded tothe War Bond drive by purchasing

$36,100 worth in a six-day 7th WarLoan campaign. The crew averaged$114.24 per man and subscribed 100%.The men even bought a $100 bond forthe ship’s dog.

0 wssLake Champlain, 27,000-ton Es-sex-class carrier, was christened andcommissioned on 3 June in the firstjoint ceremony of it s kind for a car-rier in the history of the Navy. Mrs.Warren R. Austin, wife of SenatorAustin, Burlington, Vt., sponsored thenew vessel named after the Battle ofLake Champlain ih the War of 1812.First Navy vessel to bear the namewas a mine carrier of 4,300 tonswhich operated as a fleet auxiliary inWorld War I.

0 Firs t U. S. naval vessel in 30 yearsto visit the Black Sea por t of Odessa,Russia, was the fleet tug uss Moreno,which recently chugged into the har-bor towing aste rn a salvage freighte r-uss Tackle-with food, clothing andmedicine fo r American soldiers releasedfrom German PW camps. Because theTackle was slow, the Moreno towedher the entire 1,500 miles from some-where in the Mediterranean to Odessain order that the liberated Yanks, atthe time in a U. S. transit camp,could receive the needed supplies morequickly. In Odessa the Moreno’s crewvisited the opera, ballet, shopped forsouvenirs and sought out the Ameri-cans they had come to help.

A l l HANDS



~

__ Ibench anddormer U. S. Senator, t o beSecretary of Labor; and Rep. ClintonP. Anderson, (D., N. Mex.), to theAgriculture post.

Other changes, resignations and ap-pointments announced by Mr. Tru-man :

Resignation of Marvin Jones as Wa rFood Administrator to return t o theFederal Court of Claims bench. TheWFA, upon Judge Jones’ recommen-dation. will be merged with the Agri-

DISTINGUISHED Service Medal is awarded to General Eisenhower by Presi-dent Truman on White House grounds. Mrs. Eisenhower watches at left.

REPORT FROM HOMEHe’ll0 . . . a n d G o o d b y

They started coming home frombeaten Germany las t month-the GIsby shiploads, the generals by plane-loads. From no-st ripes to five-stars,they agreed that (1) it was great tobe back and (2 ) it’s only half over.A few were home to stay, but for mosti t was just a stopover before Tokyo.

No. 1 homecoming was General ofthe Army Dwight D. Eisenhower’s.The Supreme Commander of AlliedExpeditionary Forces in E u r o p estepped out of a big cargo plane fromParis into the wildest welcome in thenational Capital’s history.

In his address to Congress, Gen.Eisenhower paid tribute t o all thearmed forces of all the Allies. Of th eNavy, he said: “In all the brilliantachievements of the American Navy,and of he r sister service in GreatBritain, there is none to excel therecord that was written in the great

and successful invasions of Africa,Sicily, Italy and France.”

From Washington, Gen. Eisenhowerwas swept t o New York where oldGotham went all-out for him . . . some4,000,000 artillery-voiced citizens lin-ing a 38-mile parade route.

First to hit Normandy’s beaches,first to smash across the Rhine, firstto link up with the Russians, it wasquite fitting that Gen. Courtney H.Hodges, 1st Army commander, be thefirst top-level general to return afterV-E day. The Georgia-born general’sreception in Atlanta was so tumultu-ous that, at first, he missed his wife

in the throngs. Of his riotous home-coming, Gen. Hodges said: “This iswonderful, but it’s just a pause formen of th e 1s t Army. There can beno real rest until we give the finalblow to Japan.”

Upon his Boston arrival, Gen.

JULY 194s

George S. Patton, 3d Army com-mander, sported an ivory-handled pis-tol which he called his social gun.0 Gen. Mark W. Clark, Allied com-mander in Italy, arrived from Europein time to see his son graduate fromWest Point; then hurried back t oRome.

Lt. Gen. A. M. Patch Jr., 7th Armycommander, and Lt. Gen. L. K. Trus-cott, 5th Army commander, presentedPresident Truman with a diamond-studded baton which No. 2 nazi Her-mann Goering had surrendered uponcapture.

Lt. Gen. James H. Doolittle, in theprocess of moving his 8th Air Forceto the Pacific, paused long enough topromise even greater devastation toJapan than Germany suffered.

Gen. Omar N. Bradley, commanderof the 12th Army Group which in-cluded the 1st’ 3d and 7th armies,summed it all up during a Philadel-

phia reception in his honor when hesaid: “We have before us what maybe the hardest phase of the war. Un-til every Japanese surrenders or iskilled, the war effort on the homefront must be maintained.”

New FacesPresident Truman made many

changes in his official family in lateMay and early June, beginning witha major reorganization of his Cabinet.

He accepted th e resignations of At-torney General Francis Biddle, Sec-retary of Labor Frances Perkins andSecreta ry of Agricu lture Claude R.

Wickard.Immediately, he appointed Thomas

C. Clark, of Dallas, Tex., who hadbeen an Assistant Attorney General,to be Mr. Biddle’s successor; JudgeLewis B. Schwellenbach, of Spokane,Wash., member of the Federal District

culture Department.Nomination of M r. Wickard, the for-

mer Agriculture Secretary, to be di-rector of the Rural Electrification Ad-ministration.

Appointment of Lt. Paul M. Her-zog, USNR, as chairman of the Na-tional Labor Relations Board. Lt. Her-zog, former member of the New YorkState Labor Relations Board, will bereleased from the Naval service t o ac-cept the Federal post.

Appointment of W. Stuart Syming-ton, president of the Emerson ElectricCo. of St. Louis, to be chairman of theSurplus Property Board, succeedingformer Sen. Guy M. Gillette of Iowa,who resigned.

Selection of John B. Hutson, ofKentucky, who has been assistant toFred M. Vinson, Director of W a r Mo-bilization and Reconversion, to be Un-der Secretary of Agriculture, succeed-in g Grover B. Hill, who has resigned.

.Japs ‘Bomb’ U. S.In puny, fantastic retaliation f o r de-

struction of their greatest cities byour sky fleets, the Japs have beenusing long-range, bomb-carrying freeballoons in sporadic attacks on thewestern Dart of the North Americanmainland: ~

According to a joint announcementbv the War and Navy Departments,“ihe attacks are so scattered and aim-less that they constitute no militarythreat.” It is believed their main pur-pose is to set brush and forest fires.

No p roperty damage has been caused,but a woman and five children werekilled near Lakeview, Oreg., by ahigh-explosive bomb which was partof a fallen J a p balloon. The bombvictims were strolling through themountains on a fishing expeditionwhen an 11-year-old girl spied “awhi te object” in the woods. She calledthe others over, one of them tugged onthe baloon and a tremendous explo-sion followed.

Service Photogs Honore dTh e 119 officers and men of the

Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guardwho filed the Iwo Jim a operation wereawarded a special citation by the Na-tional Headliners’ Club at its 12th an-nual meeting in Atlantic City 1 6 Junefor providing the outstanding news-reel coverage of the year. From thisfootage came the stirring technicolorfilm, “To the Shores of Iwo Jima,”now playing in theaters throughoutthe U. S. Three of the photographers

were killed while recording Iwo battlescenes and 12 were wounded. Capt.Edward J. Steichen, USNR, of NavyPhotographic Services, received theHeadliners’ award in behalf of thephotographers, each of whom will re-ceive an individual citation,

53..-,I . - _



Photographs fmm Press Association, Inc,

LOOK FAMILIAR? “Psycho-analysts“ in the pay of a movie studio say theseare girls men dream about: Virginia Cruzon, Phyllis Forbes, Tyra Vaughn,

Diane Mumby, Eve Whitney, Pat Farrell, Gloria Anderson, Ruth Valmy.

VETERANSBig news for World War I1 veter-

ans, present and future, was the an-

GensBradley c e e d Brig. Gen.Frank T. Hines as

In announcing that Gen. BradleyAdministrator of Veterans Affairs.

GensBradley c e e d Brig. Gen.Frank T. Hines as

In announcing that Gen. BradleyAdministrator of Veterans Affairs.

soon as he wound

aid that the change would be markeda modernization of the Veterans

of

of this war.“I am accepting your resignation,”

feeling which I have long held that

of their affairsher veteran of this war.” He

at his press conferenceof

I and would not have

a veteran of the

Gen. Bradley, 52-year-old native ofMissouri, is known as the “doughboys,

ral,” and is rated one of the best-

mmanders among GIs. The

ve status. The President said thatfo r

ha s been Veterans

1948

Administrator fo r the pas t 22 years.Educat ion or training under laws

administered by the Veterans Admin-istration was entered into by 5,250veterans during the month of April:1,716 were disabled veterans being re-habilitated under Public Law 16, and3,534 were enrolled under the GI Billof Rights. This brings the tota l num-ber of veterans now enrolled in educa-tion or training under these laws to38,030. Breakdown shows that of those

under Public Law 16, 10,224 are ineducational institutions and 4,254being taught on the job. Proportionfavoring education under the GI Billis even higher, with 22,547 in schoolsand only 1,005 receiving on-the-jobtraining.*“ P os t w ar j o b s for veterans” is theprogram of a new group in Illinoiscalled Industry for Veterans, Inc. Thisnonprofit organization has as its pur-pose the obtaining of pledges from 11-linois industry that a minimum of 25%of all postwar jobs will go to dis-charged servicemen and women. Thestatewide group of prominent indus-

trialists is headed by an ex-Marinecaptain, recently returned f r o m 22months’ service in the South Pacific.So far, concerns now employing morethan 300,000 persons have signed theorganization’s pledge. On the 25%basis, this would indicate some 75,000postwar jobs lined up for veterans inIllinois. Many national concerns havealso signed the job-preference pledge,and inquiries have been received fromother states.e Expans ion p lans : (1) Veterans Ad-ministration now has 393 offices of alltypes in operation to give veterans in-formation on rights and benefits, and

regional office managers have been in-structed to resurvey their territoriesand recommend establishment of newunits wherever required to give ser-vices to veterans. . . . (2) WMC hasannounced immediate expansion o f

full-time local United States Employ-ment Service offices from 1,507 to2,103 to c ar ry out thei r placement andcounseling obligations under the GIBill.* To make more jobs available toqualified veterans, the War ManpowerCommission is relaxing some of itsrules on “interoffice recruitment” bythe United States Employment Ser-vice. This is the system whereby, ifthere are more job openings in a com-munity than there are applicants tofill them, USES offices in other com-

munities will recrui t workers for them.Similarly, if a local USES office hasmore applicants for jobs than thereare jobs open in that community, itwill inform its applicants of jobs openin other communities.

Previously, employers seeking theadvantages of this interoffice plan hadto be in essential industries and havea manpower priority. But under thenew procedure, USES offices will nowaccept and process job orders fromemployers who wish to employ vete-rans, even though the employer isengaged in work of a less essentialnature than was formerly required.

The procedure will, USES believes,make more jobs available to veteransin case they do not find suitable op-portunities in their ow n communities,and it will reduce needless travel byveterans seeking jobs in other a reas.

Because of increasing interest injobs abroad, U. S. Employment Ser-vice offices are now being suppliedwith a new booklet, “Guide to ForeignEmployment Opportunities.” Thebooklet lists Federal agencies andprivate companies recruiting workersfor jobs in Alaska, Hawaii, PuertoRico, Bermuda, South America, Eu,rope, China, Africa, Arabia and other-,---

countries.Included are a list of occupations,

description of work in which employ-.er s are engaged, skills required to fillspecific jobs, working conditions,housing facilities and other pertinentdata. Job opportunities are for pro-fessional, semi-skilled and unskilledworkers. Current list includes “supplyinspectors; cooks, guards, machinists,watchmakers and watch repairmen,telegraphers, riveters, boilermakers,clerks, typists” and others.

Copies o f the guide, which is notavailable for general distribution, willbe furnished t o interviewers in USES

offices and also to USES counselorsstationed at the Army’s separationcenters and the Navy’s personnel re-distribution centers.

Civi l ian ocmpation s into which U. S.Navy enlisted men and women-in-cluding Seabees, Waves, Spars andCoastguardsmen-can shi ft af te r the irdischarge have been listed in a newpublication of the War ManpowerCommission. The 400-page volume,called “Special Aids for Placing NavalEnlisted Personnel in Civilian Jobs,”lists approximately 130 naval ratingsand shows the civilian jobs to whicheach one is most closely related. Some

5,000 typical civilian occupations arelisted. The volume, not available fo rgeneral distribution, will be used byall U. S. Employment Service officesand in the Navy’F personnel redistri-bution centers.

55



Barb, Salmon and Parche

Battled Enemy on Surface

RESIDENTIAL Unit CitationsP have been awarded t o three sub-marines-the uss Barb, the US S Sa6mon and the uss Parche-for extraor-dinary heroism in action againstenemy Japanese surfa ce vessels in re-stricted waters of the Pacific.

The B a r b tracked down a numberof Japanese auxiliaries at night, hitand then r an for safety through shal-low mine-infested waters. For thisexploit her commanding officer, Comdr.

Eugene B. Fluckey, USN, previouslyhad received the Medal of Honor at apersonal presentation by the Secretaryof the Navy ( A L LHANDS,May 1945,p. 61), but details were withheld forsecurity reasons a t th at time. TheSalmon tangled with a large hostiletanker and her four escorts and, se-riously damaged, surfaced and foughtoff the enemy warships in point-blankruns as close as 50 yards.

The Parche, too, tangled on the sur-face with a heavily escorted Sap con-voy in restricted Pacific waters and,

rammcd by a fas t Jap transport. Herskipper, Comdr. Lawson P. Ramage,USN, lso had previously received theMedal of Honor (ALL HANDS,Feb.1945,p. 56).

Barb Penetrates HarborFrom the bridge of the Barb,

Comdr. Fluckey saw so many Japa-nese ships at anchor that he wasfilled with anxiety whether he couldspread his torpedoes so that too manywould not be wasted on a single tar-

get. It was night. Visibility was poor.The Japanese auxiliaries-freighters,tankers, munitions ships-were in ananchorage behind a screen of escortsblocking every logical approach. Thewater was ,so shallow that the attack-ing submarine would have to remainsurfaced during its approach and f o rat least an hour after the attack.

Despite the odds, Comdr. Fluckeydecided to dart into the harbor, makehis strike and try to escape throughthe rocky uncharted waters, which,he noticed, were filled with fishingjunks. The Barb moved in to theplanned at tac k position. She let flywith everything she had, and movedtoward the rocks at flank speed withright full rudder.

Fire spurted from several vessels.The first target settled in the water.Some ships that were hit were hiddenby others burnin in th e line of vision.Smoke poured sap a r d , The aide of

56 .



and approached boldly in defiance ofhe four escort ships cruising within1,000. yards of the target. She cutloose her torpedoes and scored directand damaging hits. She was then dam-

ad to surface and fight off the Japa-ese warships in point-blank runs aslose as 50 yards. Two of the four

escorts were put to flight.When the Sa l m on surfaced to fight

off he r pursuers the Japanese escortswere visible despite th e darkness. Thenearest, 5,000 yards off, picked out the

a l m on with h er searchlight and open-ed fire bu t missed. Here luck broke in.The other three escorts opened fire onhe first escort as it fired on the Sal -

mon. In the confusion the Sa l m onas able t o hold off the first escort

gems.The Japanese” then discovered their

error and the first escort began toSa l m on , firing shells

hich burst SO close aboard theysplashed water on the submarine’sdeck. At thi s point the other threescorts now approached. Off to theouthwest lookouts on the Salmon

spotted a ra in squall. As the first es-ort closed in to within 50 yards, thealmon’s gunfire raked her decks, de-

stroy ing most of the Japanese topside.She fled. Then the Sa l m on cut into theain squall and the escorts, discour-ged, stopped the chase,

Parche Nearly RammedTo pick her fight, the P w c h e had

ed th e ships of a huge convoy fo rome time in dark and squally

r. When she opened fire, shed herself boxed by the convoy’srts. The first ta rge t was so close

Parche had to pull away to

a time the

torpedo into the ship which toucheda loud explosion.

The next target under fire was aHe r bow was blown off by the

torpedoes, and she sank im-ately. Another tanker took a hit

at reduced speed. Escorts sent

at a new target with a siz-ble superstructure. Two torpedoes

a

ouple of minutes.The fire from the escorting vessels

nearby forced the Parche to turn oner course. As she turned she spotted

the tanker which she had hit earlierand slowed. Lights were now showingon the tanker’s stern, indicating theJapanese were manning their guns.The Parche moved in to within 500yards, and the tanker opened up witheverything it had.

The gunfire was so hot Comdr.Ramage ordered all lookouts and sparehands below. The skipper and a quar-termaster stayed on the bridge. Pres-ently another torpedo hit the tanker,

sending her to the bottom.As the Parche headed for the larg-

est ship in the convoy, two Japaneseescorts rained machine-gun fire on her.Meanwhile a smaller ship loomed onthe submarine’s starboard bow andcame head on, apparently set to ram.

JULY 194s

Flank speed was rung up, and whenthe Parche was half way across theon-coming ship’s bow the commanderordered full right rudder, bringing theParche and the ship almost alongsideon opposite courses. The ship and thesubmarine cleared by less tha n 50feet.

Now, boxed in by several smallenemy ships, the Parche found thelarges t ship of th e convoy dead ahead.The Parche fired, hitting the ship endon and stopping her. Then the sub-marine swung out and let fly at thetarget’s side, sinking her.

Dawn was breaking, so the Pcwcheleft the hornet’s nest.

Medal of HonorAwarded to Marine

Killed on GuamFo r risking his life twice to save his

platoon when they were pinned downby Jap fire during the Battle of Fine-gayan on Guam, Pfc. Frank P. Witek,

USMCR, has been posthumously award-ed th e Congressional Medal of Honor.The medal was presented t o Mrs . NoraWitek, th e m‘qine’s mother, by Gen.Alexander A. Vandegrift, Commandantof the Marine Corps, at Chicago lastmonth.

While serving with the 1s t Btn., 9 thMarines. 3d Marine Div., his platoonwas suddenly halted by heavy firefrom well-camouflaged gun positions.Witek remained s tand ing to fire a fullmagazine from his automatic at point-blank range into a depression housingJ ap troops. He killed eight and en-abled the greater part of his platoon

to take cover.During h is platoon’s withdrawal, heremained to safeguard a severelywounded comrade, courageously re-turning the enemy’s fire until the ar-rival of stretcher bearers. He thencovered the evacuation by sustainedfire a s he moved backward toward hi sow n lines.

When his platoon was again pinneddown by a hostile machine gun, Witek,on his own initiative, moved forward


Pfc. Frank P. Witek

boldly, ahead of the reinforcing tanksand infantry, alternately throwinghand grenades and firing as he ad-vanced to within five to 10 yards ofthe enemy position. He destroyed themachine-gun emplacement and an ad-ditional eight Japs before he himselfwas struck down by an enemy rifle-man.

His valiant and inspiring actioneffectively reduced the enemy’s firepower, enabling his platoon to attainits objective.

NAVY CROSS

Gold star in lieu o f second award:*HUTCHINSON,dward S., Capt.,USN, Philadelphia, Pa. : As command-ing officer of th e uss Rasher duringthe first war patrol of that vessel herelentlessly sought out th e enemy dur-ing a prolonged period of hazardousundersea operations. He took advan-tage of every favorable attack oppor-tunity and, fighting his ship with de-

termined aggressiveness, succeeded insinking and damaging a n importantamount of vital hostile shipping.* THOMPSON,William C. Jr., Comdr.,USN, Waterfofd, Conn.: As command-ing officer of a submarine, he skillfullydelivered intelligently planned andwell-executed attacks against enemyshipping. His conduct throughout wasan inspiration to his officers and men.

First award:

*ALEXANDER,Ralph C., Capt., USN,

Washington, D. C.: While serving asCO of a cruiser 14-24 Oct. 1944, hedistinguished himself by extraordinaryheroism. On 14 Oct., during a heavyenemy torpedo plane attack on ourforces, he fought his ship so effective-ly that she shot down six torpedoplanes. During another operation hemaneuvered his ship so as to repel at-tacking enemy aircraft and destroyedat least two. During both actions hiscalm determination and courage werea source of grea t inspiration to hismen.

ANDREWS, homas L. Jr.,. Lt., USNR,

Amarillo, Tex. : While serving aboardan escort carrier in action against alarge enemy fleet, he organized and

pressed home a coordinated air attackon an enemy warship in spite of in-tense antiaircraft fire. By his courage,skill and determination in attack heinspired confidence and courage in hisgroup in thei r attack. He, along withothers in his flight, scored a hit amid-ships, causing the ship to sink a fewhours later.

*ASHLEY, J a m e s H. Jr., Comdr.,USN, Melbourne, Fla.: As CO of a sub-marine during a war patrol in the Pa-cific, through his daring, outstandingaggressiveness and tenacity, he launch-ed well-planned and smartly executedattacks which resulted in the sinking

of enemy ships totaling over 12,000tons and in damaging enemy comba-tant ships totaling over 27,500 tons.His conduct throughout was an inspir-ation to his officers and men and inkeeping with th e highest traditions ofthe naval service.

57



two trucks loaded with ammunition,he left his station and proceeded tothe vicinity of the fire in a n endeavorto reach the wounded, thereby expos-in g himself to burst ing ammunitionand hand grenades. While carry ingone of th e casualties from the fire, hewas severely wounded. In spite of hisinjury he continued to carry the cas-ualty to the dressing station until hecollapsed from Ioss of blood.

'*APANO, Patsy , Lt., USNR, Fall

River, Mass. (missing in action) : Aspilot of a torpedo plane attached t othe uss Kal in in Bag during the Battlefor Leyte Gulf when his task forcewas in imminent danger of being de-stroyed by heavy gunfire from anoverwhelming force of hostile war-ships, he piloted one of the fi rst planeslaunched, immediately maneuvering t oattack the leading heavy cruiser. Inbold defiance of the enemy's devas-tating antiaircraft fire, he scored threedirect hits. Promptly joining a groupof fighting planes when his bomb loadwas expended, Lt. Capano fought gal-lantly i n th e face of terrific opposi-

tion, making four determined strafingruns which resulted in considerabledamage t o the cruiser and effectivelydiverted hostile fire from our bombersand torpedo planes.

COCHRAN, Ernest H., Lt. (jg) ,USNR,

Kosciusko, Miss.: As pilot of a car-rier-based plane he pursued and at-tacked a Jap ship in the SouthwestPacific Area. The strike was made inthe face of an intense barrag e of fkeincluding projectiles from the mainbatteries of the enemy ship. With bolddetermination and utt er disregard f o rhis personal safety he drove home his

a t tack w h i c h resulted in seriousdamage to a major enemy ship.

*HARRIS,Vincent H., Lt. (j g) ,USNR,

New York, N.Y.: As pilot of a planein the Southwest Pacific Area he pur-sued and attacked a Ja p ship. In theface of an intense bar rage of fire hemade his attack with bold determina-tion and utter disregard for his ownsafety. The strike in which he par-ticipated so valiantly resulted in seri-ous damage to a major ship of theenemy.* KANE, Joseph L., Capt., USN, Brook-lyn, N. Y.: As commanding officer of

an escort carrier he furnished air sup-port to amphibious a t t a c k groupslanding on enemy-held shores. Whilehis ship was under repeated air at-tacks he maneuvered it skillfully, di-recting its air g r o u p s effectivelyagainst an enemy fleet. His actionscontributed directly to turning awaythe Ja p forces from the battle. Hisconduct was exemplary and gave en-couragement t o the personnel of hischip and its attached squadrons.

*KEXR, R o b e r t C., Ens., usm,Charleston, S. C. (posthumously) :While serving on board the uss Bir -m i n g h a m when a hostile bomb struck

the uss Princeton during the Battlef o r Leyte Gulf, he was seriouslywounded when a terrific explosion inthe magazine section of the Princetonhurled him from his position on thestarboard catapult onto the steel han-ga r deck. The explosion k i l l e d orwounded half of the Biwninghcunz's

JULY 194s

crew. Ensign Ke rr steadfastly re-fused medical attention, insisting thatothers in the area be cared for first.Although s till conscious an d sufferingintense pain, be obtained material s fo ra tourniquet and after applying it tohis injured leg, injected himself andtwo other casualties with morphinesyrettes. Again refusing assistance,he requested th at the others be evacu-ated below decks and, remaining inthe danger area for more than an

hour while his ship was under con-st an t aerial attack, bravely instructedothers in the administration of fi rstaid and comforted the wounded andth e dying. He succumbed to his woundson the following day. ~*LODHOLZ,oyce P.,Lt. (jg) , uSNR,Negaunee, Mich.: As a pilot in theSouthwest Pacific Area he boldly at-tacked a large task force of the Ja pnavy. The strike was made in the faceof a n intense barra ge of fire and withthe knowledge that his fuel supplywas insufficient to carry him safelyback to base. He drove his attackhome with such determination and

utt er disregard fo r his personal safety.that it resulted in severe damage toJap ships and contributed t o the re-treat of the enemy fleet.*MCCLINTOCK,David H., Comdr.,USN, New London, Conn.: As com-manding officer of a vessel in a wa rpatrol in enemy-controlled waters ofthe Southwest Pacific Area, he led hisship in a series of daring attacksagainst enemy units of considerablesize. Despite the efforts of alerted es-corts and the hazards of dangerouswaters, he succeeded in s e v e r e 1ydamaging enemy ships. In his la steffort, he sank

alarge enemy ship

with direct hits. His operations were

U. S. Naval Aviator

Honored by BritainComdr. Joseph C. Clifton, USN,

Paducah, Ky., has been made anHonorary Companion of the Dis-tinguished Ser-vice O r d e r ofG r e a t Britainfo r v a l o r dis-

p l a y e d on 19Apri l 1944 whilehe w a s servingaboard t h e uSS

Saratoga. A d -m i r a l of theFleet Sir JamesSomerville madethe presentationr e c e n t 1Y a t Corndr. CliftonWashington,D.C.

Comdr. Clifton, former NavalAcademy fullback, was cited f o rhis great courage, leadership andskill as the air commander of twocarrier-borne a ir groups in the SUC-

cessful attack on the Japanese basea t Sabang. He aided in saving hiswingman, shot d o w n two milesfrom the Sabang shore batteries,by driving off a Jap torpedo boatw h i c h threatened the destroyermaking the rescue.

all conducted in close proximity tostrong Japanese forces.*MCPHIE, Donald A., Lt. (jg),USNR,

Provo, Utah (missing in action) : Aspilot of a carrier-based scout bomberduring the Battle for Leyte Gulf hewas an aggressive and intrepid air-man, experienced in combat flying,and fought his plane boldly despitestrong aerial opposition and wither-ing, i n t e n s e ant iaircraf t fire. Hepressed home a determined divebomb-

ing attack on a hostile carrier. Withhis plane badly damaged by a burstof hostile fire in the execution of hisdive, he continued his same daringtactics and, accurately releasing hisbomb load at perilously low altitude,scored a direct hit on the enemy craftwhich contributed to her sinking. Hissuperb flying abili ty, indomitable fight-ing spirit and cool courage were es-sential factors in the extensive andcostly damage inflicted on the J a p fleet.

*MURPHY, Joseph N., Capt. (thenComdr.), uSN, Washington, D.C.: Asexecutive officer of th e uss Princeton

when th at vessel was attacked by Ja paircraft during the Battle for LeyteGulf and blazing furiously an d rockedby explosions, he gallantly remainedaboard f o r a period of seven hazard-ous hours. He directed heroic effortstoward saving the Princeton, despitethe terrific damage, and personally ledfire-fighting p a r t i e s into areas ofgreat danger.

~ N I M I T Z , hester W. Jr., Comdr.,USN, Wellfleet, Mass.: As command-ing officer o f a submarine on its 7thwar patrol in enemy-controlled watershe skillfully directed his vessel in aseries of successful torpedo at tacks

and a gun attack on Jap men-of-warand escorted merchant shipping. Withoutstanding aggressiveness a n d de-termination t o inflict the maximumdamage on enemy forces he engagedand sank several enemy warships. Infurther attacks on heavily escortedconvoys he accounted for a total of17,100 tons of shipping sunk and 1,300tons damaged. He displayed soundtactical judgment in his decisions onall attacks and maneuvered his shipexpertly.

*NrSEWANER, T e r r e l l A,, Comdr.,USN, Coronado, Calif.: As C O of adestroyer in an attack against an ad-vancing column of warships in theSouthwest Pacific area he directed hisship against prolonged and heavyenemy gunfire to a position where helaunched an accurate attack. He di-rected repair and damage - controloperations in a cool, efficient manner,and by example inspired his men tosuch an extent that leaks werebrought under control, enabling theship to proceed under its own power.He personally entered the flooded,oil-soaked, burning engine room torescue several of his ow n men trap-ped below and too badly hurt to help

themselves.*ROBERTS, Raymond M., Slc, USN,

San Francisco, Calif. (posthumously) :While serving as acting gun captainaboard a warship during the invasionof Tinian, he was steadfast and alerta t his new station, bringing hisweapon into action against a pound-

59



N A V Y CROSS conk

ing barrage from hostile shore bat-teries. Although seriously woundedin the face by a hail of shell fr ag -ments early in the engagement, hecourageously remained at his post andfired his gun with fierce determinationuntil a second shower of fragmentscaused him to fall to the deck, mor-tal ly wounded. Even then, he stoicallyrefused help for himself and orderedhis men to keep firing. By his un-

wavering devotion t o duty and greatpersonal valor, Roberts was an ex-ample and inspiration to his comrades.

* AWYER, Eugene B., Lt. ( jg) , USNR,

Plain City, Ohio: As a pilot duringan attack on a Jap task force in theSouthwest Pacific Area he made SL.

strike in the face of a n intense bar-rage of fire. In spi te of the fire andwith the knowledge that his fuel sup-ply was insufficient t o c a r r y himsafely back to his base, he drove homehis attack w i t h determination andutter disregard for his own safety.The strike resulted in severe 'damaget o Jap s h i p s and materially con-tributed to the r etr eat of the enemyfleet.* SOLI,Hartman A.,. Lt., USNR, BayCity, Tex.: While serving as the leaderof a four-plane division of carr ier-based fighter planes assigned to an es-cort strike mission against the Japfleet in the Philippine Sea area, he ledhis division in a courageous and de-

Veteran Explorers Given

Polar Expedition Medals

Two veteran Polar explorers,I Capt. Robert A. Bar tle tt and Comdr.

1 Donald B. MacMillan, USNR (Ret) ,were presented with Peary Polar

,Expedition Medals for the pa rtthey played 36 years ago in Ad-miral Peary's voyage, at ceremoniesa t the B o s t o n Army Base lastmonth.

The awards were made by RearAdmiral Felix X. Gygax, USN, Com-mandant of the 1s t Naval District,aboard Capt. Bartlett's schooner,the Ef ie J . M o r k s e y , which isbeing fitted out a t the base foranother tri p to the Arctic. The ex-

plorers were cited for their "excep-tional fortitude, superb seamanshipan d fearless determination" whichcontributed materially t o the suc-cess of the expedition in the dis-covery of the North Pole in 1908-09.

Capt. Bartlett and Comdr. Mac-Millan headed supporting partieswhen Admiral Pe ary made his dashfor the pole. Capt. Bartlett, whowas m a s t e r of the Roosevelt ,reached the 88th parallel beforeturning back, while Comdr. Mac-Millan was carried back from the85th parallel with frozen feet. Bothmen have made frequent trips to

the Arctic since. Capt. Bartle tt re-tired from the Naval Reserve withthe ra nk of lieutenant commanderin 1939. Comdr. MacMillan was re-called to active duty early in this

Iwar.

I

I0

termined attack, scoring two hits andstrafing the decks of an enemy cruiser.His audacious attack, pressed home tolow altitude in the face of vicious andheavy antiaircraft fire from numerousother units of the enemy fleet, so di-verted fire to himself that the planesfollowing him in the attack were ablet o complete their mission effectively.

*STEWARD,Je rr y A., Capt. (thenLt.), (CEC) USNR, Fairfield Tex.:During th e bombardment and occupa-

tion of the Philippine Islands begin-ning on 10 Dec. 1941, he was coura-geous and unt iring under repeated andsustained hostile bombing and straf-ing attacks. He rendered valiant ser-vice during the gallant stand by ourforces against a prolonged and deter-mined siege by the Japanese.

*STREETER, Eugene J., Lt. (jg) , uSNR,

Fresno, Calif. (missing in action) :While serving as a fighter pilot in asquadron attached t o the uss Waspduring action o f f Mindoro on 26 Oct.1944, he suddenly found himself asthe only protection for eight torpedobombers which were making a strikeagainst large units of the Jap fleet.When three hostile fighters came infrom above he pressed home an ac-curate, daring attack which destroyedone of the planes and courageouslyemployed evasive maneuvers with theremaining fighters, vainly attemptingto lose them. Although his plane wasso severely damaged that he wasforced to effect a water landing, hesucceeded in diverting the enemy air-craft from the torpedo bombers untiIassistance arrived, thereby enablingour planes t o carry out their highlyimportant mission.

*TOLLEY,Cecil R. , Pfc., USMCR, Gal-

houn City, Miss.: During t he invasionof Tinian, on 25 July 1944, while hewas serving with a Marine rifle com-pany, the enemy succeeded in throw-ing hand grenades into the machine-gun position he occupied. The gren-ades seriously wounded two marines,rendering one unconscious and inca-pacitating the other, and woundedTolley in the right ar m and leg. With-out orders he dragged himself to themachine gun, loaded it with one handand fired four boxes of ammunitionbefore becoming unconscious. His ma-chine gun accounted for a large num-ber of the enemy and aided greatly inrepulsing the counterattack. His in-itiative and heroic actions were an in-spiration to all.

*WEST, Philip L., F l c , USNR, LongBeach, Calif. (posthumously) : Whileattached to the uss Johns ton duringthe Battle off Samar, when tha t vesselwas severely damaged by enemy gun-fire he reentered a steam-filled com-partment t o rescue a trapped ship-mate, although he had been seriouslyburned. While carrying out his volun-tary mission he lost his ow n life.

*WOOD, Lloyd N., Lt., USNR, VillaRidge, Mo.: While attached t o Bomb-ing Squadron 1 3 aboard an Essex-class carrier he scored a direct bombhit on a large J ap carrier in the faceof intense antiaircraft and airborneopposition. The hi t resulted in thesinking of the enemy vessel.

t

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL

Gold star in lieu of second award:*SMITH, Julian C., Maj. Gen., USMC,

Washington, D.C. : As CommandingGeneral, Expeditionary T r o o p s , 3d

Fleet, from Jul y toOctober 1944, h e

w a s meticulous inthe preparation ofover-all plans for adetermined of f en -sive against Pele-liu and Angaur inthe P a l a u s andYap in the Caro-l n e s . He consis-t e n t 1y displayedbrilliant leadership

G ~ ~ .mith and keen initiativein w e l d i n g the

troops u n d e r his command into apowerful fighting unit. Conducting theoperations of his command in the Pele-

liu-Angaur campaigns boldly and withsuperb tactical ability he hurled thefull strength of his force against afanatical enemy deeply entrenched instrong fortifications, pressing forwardin a relentless drive against each ob-jective. Distinguishing himself by hi ssuperb generalship and decisive valor,he contributed materially to the suc-cess of our sustained drive towsrdthe enemy in the Pacific.

First award:

*DAVIS, Milton S.,Commodore, USN

(Ret ), San Francisco, Calif.: As portdirector, San Francisco, from 1 Oct.

1939 to March 1943 and as regionalshiaaine: director from 13 Dec. 1943t o Ma dh 1943, heperformed excep-tionally meritori-o u s service. Byhis expert ap-praisal of ship-p i n g conditionsand his efficientreorgnn i z a ti o nand expansion ofthe office of thep o r t director,Commodore Davis

made Possible the C ommodor e Davis

effective handlingof a tremendously increased load ofshipping activities attendant upon theopening of hostilities in the Pacificarea. Skillfully obtaining the supportand cooperation of the many civilianagencies and organizations necessaryfo r the smooth functioning of cargomovement and water-borne shipping,he was able t o surmount the manyand varied problems of this vi talphase of o u r successful prosecution ofthe war against Japan.

LEGION OF MERIT

Gold star in lieu of third award:

*CATER, Charles J., Capt., uSN, An-niston, Ala.: Commander of a de-stroyer squadron and a gunfire sup-

(It& M D S



port uni t, invasion of southern France.*WILSON, Ralph E., Capt., USN,Salem, Oreg.: Assistan t chief of staff,operations, staff of Commander 3dFleet. Cential and Southwest Pacificoperations, 15 June to 22 Oct. 1944, 27Oct. 1944 t o 26 Jan. 1945.

Go ld star in lieu of second award:

*CATER, Charles J., Capt., USN, An-niston, Ala.: Commander of a de-stroyer squadron, Italy, 15 May to 5Aug. 1944.

*DEL VALLE, Pedro A., Maj. Gen.,USMC, Alexandria, Va. : CommandingGeneral, 3d Amphibious Corps Artil-lery, Guam, 21 July-10 Aug. 1944.* GEHRES, eslie E., Capt. (then Com-modore), USN, Coronado, Calif. : Com-mander , Fleet Ai r Wing 4, commanderof a task group, September 1943 toAugust 1944.*LANING, Caleb B., C a p t . (thenComdr.), USN, Kansas City, Mo.: C oof a destroyer, New Guinea, Moluccaand Phili mine area s, 25 Dec. 1943 to24 Oct. 1964.* MCGOVERN,ohn B., Commodore,USN. New Y o r k , N.Y.: Transport

group commander in south and cen-t-al Pacific waters, Jun e and July1944.

First award:

*CUSHMAN, Thomas J., Brig. Gen.,USMC, Sa n Diego, Calif.: Air DefenseCommander, Marianas, 1Nov. 1944 to4 April 1945.*FROST,Lawrence H., Capt., USN,

Washington, D. C. : Communicationsofficer, Ellice, Gilbert, Marshall, Mari-anas, Western Caroline islands.~ H E R S E Y , ark L. Jr., Capt. USN,

Newport, R. I.: CO of an advancenaval base, 5 Jan. 1944 to 5 April

1945; Commander, Naval Bases, SouthSolomons Sub-area, 19 July 1944 to5 April 1945.* LITCH,Ernest W., Capt., uSN, SouthWeymouth, Mass.: CO of the USSLexington, western Pacific.

*MACDONALD, Philip N., Lt., USN,Pascoe, Wash.: Attached to USS Lex-ington, Pacific area.

*MAGWIRE, Charles J., Capt., USN,

Coronado, Calif.: Staff of Commahder,7th Fleet, 24 June 1944 to 11 April1945.* MERRITT,Clinton J., Lt., USN,Pied-mont, S. C.: O O D of an escort car-rier, Battle for Leyte Gulf.

* MOORE, Robert B., Comdr., USN,Charlotte, N. C.: Executive officer ofan escort carrier, Battle for LeyteGulf.

* M ~ R A Y ,George D., Vice Admiral(then Rear Admiral), USN, Washing-ton, D. C.: Chief of Naval Air In-termediate Training and Commandant,Naval Air Training Center, Pensacola,26 Nov. 1942 to 20 Jan. 1944, Chiefof Naval Air Training, 20 Jan. to 4Aug. 1944.

*NIELSON, Joseph L., Capt., USNR,

Pocatello, Idaho: CO of an advance‘naval base, British Solomon Islands

area, 23 Sept. 1943 to 15 March 1945.

* ROBBINS, eginald C. Jr.,Lt . Comdr.,USNR, Houlton, Maine: CO of a de-stroyer escort, Anzio-Nettuno, Janu-ary 1944.

*SHERMAN,Edwin F., Lt., USNR,Providence, R. I.: Commander of a

JUCY 1945

hbmarine CPO WinsFourth Silver Star

For gallantry on war patrols oft submarine during which he con-xibuted t o the sinking of more tha n70,000 tons of enemy shipping,Zalph N. Shaver, CRT, USN, Le-ioir, N.C., has been awarded gold;ta rs in lieu of second, third and‘ourth Silver Sta r Medals. Innaking the awards at New Londonas t month, Capt. W. B. Thorp,USN, chief of staff t o CommanderSubmarines, Atlantic Fleet, pointed>ut that Shaver is the first sub-marine enlisted man to receive afourth Silver Star.

The gold star in lieu of a secondSilver Star was awarded f o r hisw o rk as chief radioman of his sub-marine. Under the most difficultconditions he skillfully furnishedhis commanding officer vital infor-mation, enabling him to sink over39,000 tons of enemy shipping anddamage over 4,000.

During another w ar patrol, Sha-

ver’s ability in transmitting infor-m a t i o n t o his CO contributeddirectly to t he sinking of an im-portant amount of enemy shippingand the damaging of a n enemywarship. F o r this he was awardedhis third Silver Star.

His fourth award came for con-tributing materially to the sinkingof more than 30,000 tons of enemyshipping. His calm manner and de-votion to duty were of valuable as-sistance and his conduct an inspi-ration to all with whom he served.

minesweeping unit, invasion of south-ern France.* SOULE,Rufus ‘A. 3d, Lt. Comdr.,USNR, West Newton, Mass.: co of adestroyer escort, Anzio-Nettuno, Janu-ar y 1944.* HOMAS, ra nk P., Capt., USN, An-napolis, Md.: CO of the uss NorthCarolina, 27 May 1943 t o 6 Oct. 1944,Pacific area.*TREGALIA, oseph L. V., Lt. Comdr.,USNR. Staten Island, N. Y .: Harbor-master, p i 1 o t , and salvage-master,Southwest Pacific Area.

SILVER STAR MEDAL

Go ld star in lieu of third award:

*MANDEL, Herbert I., Lt. Comdr.,USN, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Assistant ap-proach officer, submarine.


~ S M I L E Y , lare B., Comdr., USN,

Birmingham, Ala.: CO of the USS

Eberle, invasion of southern France.

First award:

~ A L V I S , rank R., Lt., USNR,’ Rich-mond, Va. : Officer aboard a submarine.*ASHTON, Robert K., Comdr. (thenLt. Comdr.) ,USNR, Rhinelander, Wis. :

Assistant first lieutenant of the ussLexington, Pacific area, 4 Dec. 1943.* BALL, Joe F., Lt. (jg), USNR, Ful-lerton , Calif.: Commander of an air-craft.* BARRICKMAN,arlisle Jr., PhMZc,USN, Bagdad, Ky. (posthumously):Hospital corpsman attached to a riflecompany, 3d Bn., 21st Marines, 3dMarine Div., Guam, 21-31 Ju ly 1944.*BELL, James H., HAlc, USN, Wash-ington, D. C., (posthumously) : Servedwith a rifle company, 1st Bn., 2d Ma-

rines, 2d Marine Div., Saipan, 24June 1944.*BENNETT, John T., Capt. (MC)USN, Hattiesburg, Miss.: Senior medi-cal officer on a ship, August 1943 toDecember 1944.

BLEWETT,. enneth L., HAlc, USNR,

Oklahoma City, Okla. (posthumously) :

Served with the 2d Bn., 5th Marines,1st Marine Div., Peleliu, 12 Oct. 1944.* BOBCZYNSKI,S i g m u n d A., Lt.Comdr., USN, Portsmouth, N. H.: As-sistant approach officer on a sub-marine.

BROWN, John Mason, Lt., USNR (in-active dut y) , New York, N. Y.: Forcepublic relations officer, staff of thenaval commander, Western T a s kForce, invasion of Normandy.*BRUCE, Charles A., CPhM, USN,

Avondale, Md. (missing in action) :Member of the crew of a ship.~CA L L I H A N ,lyde Jr., HAlc, USN,

Walbridge, Ohio (posthumously) :Ac-tion on Sa ipan, 25 Ju ne 1944.* CHELLEW, Homer w., Lt. (jg),USN,

Kansas City, Mo.: P lott ing officeraboard a submarine.* COPP, LeRoy F., PhMlc, uSNR, Sum-mit, 111. (posthumously) : Attached tothe 3d Bn., 21st Marines, 3d MarineDiv., Guam, 26 Ju ly 1944.*CRANE, John F., Lt. (jg), USNR,

Wood-Ridge, N. J.: Control officer incharge of a nti air cra ft guns, uss Lex-ington, Pacific area, 4 Dec. 1943.*DAVIS, Ezra A. A., CEM, USN,Sioux City, Iowa: Electrician’s matein charge aboard a submarine.

*ELLIOTT, William L., PhM3c, USN,

Colorado Springs, Colo. (posthumous-ly) : Served with the 2d Bn., 20th Ma-rines. 4th Marine Div.. Sailsan. 14-19June’1944.* FESHOH,illiam E., PhM3c, USNR,

Elmira Heights. N. ‘ Y . (posthumous-ly) : AttachGd to the 3d BG. of a regi-ment of the 1 st Provisional MarineBrigade, Guam, 27 July , 1944.*FLETCHER,William B. Jr., Capt.(then Comdr.) , USN, Washington,D. C.: CO of the uss Libra, Solomonsarea, 7-9 Aug. 1942, Funafuti, ElliceIslands, 2-3 Oct. 1942.*GLOVER, Cato D., Capt., USN, Cam-den, s. C.: CO of the uss Enterprise,Battle for Leyte Gulf, 25 Oct. 1944.* GROOM, Eugene, PhM2c, USNR,

Odessa, Mo. (posthumously) : Seniormedical corpsman of h is rifle company,attached to the 2d Bn., 3d Marines, 3dMarine Div., Guam, 25 Ju ly 1944.

HENDRICKS,William F., PhM3c,USNR, Detroit, Mich. (posthurhously) :

Attached to a Marine division, Saipan,15 June 1944.

*HILLER, Fred J., Lt., USNR, Mem-phis, Tenn.: Ba tte ry officer on anescort carrier, Battle for Leyte Gulf.

AHODGES, amuel Jr., PhMlc, USNR,

Petersburg, Tex. (posthumously) :

61



SILVER STAR MEPAL con+

Medical collecting section, Saipan, 15June 1944.*HOLMES, Calvin D., s lc , USNR, Chi-cago, Ill.: Member of the crew aboardan escort carrier, Battle fo r LeyteGulf.*JOHNSON,ilford A., Slc, USN,Oakland, Calif.: Member of the crewof an escort carrier , southwest Pacificarea.*KEETCH, im M., PhMZc, USN, Waco,Tex. (posthumously) : Attached t o Co.

C, 2d Medical Bn., 2d Marine Div.,Saipan, 15 June to 9 July 1944, Tini-an, 24-31 July 1944.*KELLY, James L., Lt. ( jg) , USNR,

Peoria, Ill.: Member of the crewaboard an escort carrier, SouthwestPacific Area.*KENTER, William V., S lc , USN,

Omaha, Neb.: Member of the crew ofan escort carrier, Battle for LeyteGulf.*KRUPINSKI, Sylvester F., HAlc,USNR, West Allis, Wis. (posthumous-ly) : Attached to Co. C; 1st Bn., 1stMarines. 1st Marine Div.. Peleliu. 18Sept. 1944.

*LEE, Jack R., S ~ C ,SNR, Sanger,Calif.: Member of the crew of an es-cort carrier, Battle for Leyte Gulf.*LEIBIK, Albert J., PhMZc, USNR,

Chicago, Ill. (posthumously) : At-tached to the 3d Bn., 24th Marines,4th Marine Div., Saipan, 16-19 Ju ne1944.*LINDSEY, James H., PhMSc, USNR,

Tuscaloosa, Ala. :Attached to a MarineBattalion, Battle of Piva Forks, Bou-gainville, 23 Nov. 1943.*LOCKLEAR, Melvin L., CCS, USN,Oklahoma City, Okla. (posthumous-ly) : Aboard the USS LST 531, Eng-land, 28 April 1944.

*MANEW, Lloyd B., CEM, USN,Greensboro, N. C. (missing in action) :Hydraulic manifold operator, chief ofthe boat, uss Growler, 11 Aug.-26Sept. 1944.~ M C G U R L , aniel M., Capt., USN,Minersville, Pa.: Commander of a sup-porting unit of cruisers of a fast car-rier task group, 13 Oct. 1944.* MCKINNEY,oseph D., Comdr., US",

San Anselmo, Calif.: In command ofa destroyer, Saipan, Battle of thePhilippine Sea, Guam, Palau-Yap-Ulithi raids, Palau, Mindanao, Visay-as, Luzon, Nansei Shoto, Formosa,Battle for Leyte Gulf.*MCKNIGHT, Carl H., PhMZc, USNR,

Nashville, Tenn. (posthumously) : At-tached t o the 1s t Provisional MarineBrigade, Guam, 21 July-10 Aug. 1944.* MILLER,Robert L., s l c , USNR, Chil-ton, Wis.: Member of the crew of a nescort carrier, Battle for Leyte Gulf.

MOR,Melvin A., Lt. (jg) ,USNR, To-ledo, Ohio (missing in action) : Pilotof a fighter bopber plane, Air Group14, Philippines, 12 Sept.-1944.*PIWINGTON, Ira F., PhMZc, USNR,

Peetz, Colo. (posthumously) : Servedwith assault rifle company, Headquar-ters Co., 3d Bn., 6th Marines, Saipan,15-16 Jun e 1944.

*RASHIO, Vincent P., Slc, USNR,

Port land, Oreg.: Member of the crew,escort carrier, Battle for Leyte Gulf.*RIORDAN, William J., HAlc , USNR,

Odell, Ill. (posthumously) : Companyaid man, Marine division, Saipan, 15June-4 July 1944.

*ROBINSON, Dunlap R., Lt. Comdr.,USNR, Auburn, Calif.: Navigator of adestroyer, Southwest Pacific Area.*ROBINSON, Paul, PhMlc, USN, SanRafael, Calif.: Aboard an aircraftcarrier, Philippines, 24 Oct. 1944.~ R O B Y ,aymond K., HAlc, USNR,Racine, Wis. (posthumously) : Aidman with a Marine division, Saipan,17 June 1944.* SAGANIEC, tanley A., SC2c, USNR,

Garfield, N. J. (posthumously) :Aboard PT 129, New Guinea, 7 May

1944.

* HARP,William W., Slc, USN, Lew-istown, Mont.: Member of the crewaboard an escort carrier, Battle forLeyte Gulf.

*SHOEMAKER, John A., Slc, uSNR,

Delaware, Ark.: Member of the crewaboard an escort carrier, Battle forLeyte Gulf.* SIECKMANN,illiam A., Slc, USNR,

San Bernardino. Calif.: Member ofthe crew aboard an escort carrier.Battle for Leyte Gulf.* IMPSON,Daniel W., Lt. (jg),USNR. Warwick. Ga.: Officer of thedeck of a submarine.

*SMITH, Robert M., Lt., USNR,Wheaton, Ill.: Battery officer on anescort carrier, Battle for Leyte Gulf.

*SNYDER,Richard T., BMlc, USCG,Fremont, Ohio: Action on Biak Island,27 May 1944.

STOLZ,David J. , Lt. (jg), USNR,

Syracuse, N. Y.: Bat tery officer on anescort carrier, Battle for Leyte Gulf.* THOMAS, eorge E., Slc, USNR, SanJose, Calif.: Member of t he crewaboard an escort carrier, Battle forLeyte Gulf.

*TREV~ETT,Walter R., BMlc, USN,

Laurel, Va.: Aboard a vessel, Battle

for Leyte Gulf.

* TRIPLETT,Donald A., s lc , USNR,

Howard Lake, Minn.: Member of the

Hoist (NTC, San Diego)

"Sorry, I c a n ' t t a k e you a b o a r d . W e ' r e t w o

m en Over ship's company al lowance now."

crew aboard an escort carrier, Battlefor Leyte Gulf.*ULBERG, Merle S., Slt , USN, Ander-son, Calif. :Member of the crew aboardan escort carrier, Battk f o r LeyteGulf.

*WASHER, John H., Slc, uSNR, An-chorage, Ky.: Member of the crewaboard an escort carrier, Battle forLeyte Gulf.

*WELCH, William R., StMlc, USNR,Toledo, Ohio: Member of the crewaboard an escort. carrier, Battle fo r

Leyte Gulf.*WESSON, Joseph H., Comdr., USN,

Pasadena, Calif.: In command of adestroyer, Saipan, Battle of the Phil-ippine Sea, Guam, Palau-Yap-Ulithi,Mindanao, Visayas, Luzon, NanseiShoto, Formosa, Battle for LeyteGulf.

*WHETSTONE, Joe R., Slc, USNR,

Titus, Ala.: Member of the crewaboard an escort carrier, Battle forLeyte Gulf.

WIANT, Thomas S., MM2c, USN,

Golcunda, Ill. (missing in action) :Battle off Samar.

~WILKINSON,oseph M. Jr., Slc,uSNR, Baton Rouge, La.: Member ofthe crew aboard an escort carrier,Battle for Leyte Gulf.

,

DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS

Gold star in lieu of third award:* WEYMOUTH,alph, Lt. Comdr., USN,

Detroit , Mich.: Pilot of a divebomber,Ta rawa and Wake, 18 Sept. and 5 Oct.1943.

First award:

*ALLEN, Har ry R., Lt. (jg ), USNR,

'Bement, Ill. : Bombing Squadron 13,Marianas, Philippines, Formosa, Bo-nins.*BAKER, Howard J., Lt., USN, NorthSeatt le, Wash.: Pilot of a patrol plane,Patrol Squadron 63, Gilbraltar, Feb-rua ry 1944.*B-RUCH, Herbert R., Lt. (j g),USNR, Brooklyn, N. Y.: BombingSquadron 13, Marianas, Philippines,Formosa, Bonins, Ryukyus.*BLACKWELL, Fra nk H., Lt. ( jg) ,USNR,

Petersburg, Va. : Action in theSouthwest Pacific.*BLAIR, Frederick J. C., Ens., USNR,Seattle, Wash. (missing in action) :Pilot in a fighting squadron, uss Hor-net, Formosa and Philippine areas, 14Oct. 1944.

~CALDWELL,avid C., Lt. Comdr.,USN, Lanikai, Oahu, T. H.: Flightleader, carrier-based bombing squad-ron, 29 Oct. 1944.*CHASE, Kenneth C. Jr., Lt. (jg),USNR, Dayton, Ohio (posthumously) :Pilot in a fighting squadron, uss Hor-net, Nansei Shoto, 10 Oct. 1944.* DAYHOFF,Nelson w., Lt., USNR,

Abilene, Kans. (missing in action) :Pilot in a fighting squadron, uss Hor-net, Formosa and Philippine areas, 14Oct. 1944.*DIBB, Robert A. M., Lt., USN, Bur-bank, Calif. (posthumously) : Leaderof a division of fighter planes, Trukand Tinian, 16-22 Feb. 1944.

62



I

Navy Yard News (Boston)

* DOBBIE, William C. Jr., ARM2c,

USNR, Fairmont, W. Va.: Combat air-crewman of a carrier-based divebomb-er, Philippine Sea, 25 Oct. 1944.*EMRICK, Paul E., Comdr. (the n Lt.Comdr.) , USN, Butler, Pa. : Comman-der of a tomedo squadron, MarcusIsland, 31 Aug. 1943. -* FISCHER,illiam F. Jr., Lt. (jg) ,USNR. Bronx, N. Y.: Pilot of a plane,Philippines, 21 Sept. 1944.*GOLDBERG, Samuel E., Lt. (j g),USNR, Oakland, Calif. (missing in ac-tion): Pilot in a fighting squadron,uss H o r n e t , Formosa and Philippines,14 Oct. 1944.* GRUBIN, Seaman, Lt. (jg. ), USNR,

New York, N. Y. (missing in action) :Pilot of a fighter-bomber, Air Group14, Philippines area, 12 Sept. 1944.* HARRISON,ames c., Lt. (jg) , SNR,

Lawrence, Kans.: Carri er pilot, Bomb-ing Squadron 13.*HAYWARD, John T., Comdr., USN,

Pensacola, Fla.: Commander of aheavy bombing squadron, Wake Island5 Oct. 1943.*HEATH, John H., Lt. (jg), USNR,New Orleans, La.: Pilot in a dive-bombing squadron, Philippine area, 12Sept. 1944;* HEIZER, Donald, Lt. (j g) , USNRf

Rocky Ford, Colo.: Pilot of a bomber,

Battle for Leyte Gulf.

*HOPFNER, aul , Ens., USNR, Detroit,Mich. (posthumously) : Pilot of afighter plane, uss K al i n i n B ay airgroup, Battle for Leyte Gulf.

HOWARD, obert E., Lt. ( jg ),USNR,

Laurel, Miss. : Bombing squadron 13,Marianas, Philippines, Formosa, Bo-nins, Ryukyus.

*HUNT, Richard L. Jr., Lt.. (jg),USNR, Kansas City, Mo. (missing inaction): Pilot of a torpedo bomber,Luzon, 1 5 Dec. 1944.*LANGDON,Ned W., Lt., USNR, Sher-wood, Ohio: Leader of a fighter divi-sion, Truk and Tinian, 16-24 Feb.

1944.*LuCAS, James c., Ens., USNR, wil-ton, Ala. (missing in action) : Pilot oftorpedo bomber, uss K i t k u n B a y ,Mananas, Palaus, Philippines, Battlefor Leyte Gulf.*MADDEN, Walter J. D., Lt., USNR,

JULY 1945

caa m p ai g n, Ill. (missing in action) :Pilot of a bombing plane, Philippines,24 Sept. 1944.& MATTHEWS,Harold E., Lt. (jg),USNR, Roxbury, Mass. (missing in ac-tion) : Pilot in Fighting Squadron 51,uss San J ac i n t o . Luzon. Battle forLeyte Gulf.*MAYHEW, Ralph A., Ens., USNR,

Salt Lake City, Utah (posthumous-ly): Pilot of a fighter plane, Le*,

*MCNEILL, Wilson C., Lt, USNR,

Czrterville, Ill. (missing h action) :

Pilot of a bombing plane, Philippines,24 Sept. 1944.-It MURPHY,Henry L., Lt. ( jg) , USNR,

Burgaw, N. C. (missing in action) :Pilot of a torpedo bomber, uss Enter-prise, Bonins, Palaus, Okinawa, For-

17-24 Oct. 1944.

mosa.*NELSON, Luther 0. Jr., Lt. (jg)USNR. Wichi ta Falls. Tex.: Pilo t of acarrier-based plane, ‘southwest Pacific:area.*NORMAN, Geoffrey P., Lt. Coma.,USN, South Pittsbur g, Tenn.: CO of abombing squadron, Truk, M - l T Feb.1944.*OWENS, Gordon N., Lt. Comdr.,

USN, Lawton, Okla.: C O of a torpedosquadron, Truk, 16-17 Feb. 1944.*PENZA, Louis J., ARM2c, USNR,

Philadelphia, Pa.: Combat aircrew-man of a divebomber, Philippine Sea,25 Oct. 1944.*PETERS, Ja mes M., Comdr., USN,

Alexandria, La.: Commander of acomposite squadron, Marcus Island,31 Aug. 1943.* HILLIPS,ohn P., Lt., uSNR, Cleve-land, Ohio (missing in action): Ex-ecutive offiuer of carrier-based Dive-Bombing Squadron 6, Gilbert, M a r -shall and Caroline Islands, 19 Nov.1943-16 Feb. 1944.

*OLLARD,Allen A., Ens., USNR, Was-

kom, Tex. (missing in action) : Pilotof a fighter plane, uss K i t k i n B a y ,Marianas, Palau and Philippine Isl-ands areas.~ R A B Y ,ohn, Comdr., USN, Pensa-cola, Fla.: Commander of a carrier-based air group, Marcus Island, 31Aug. 1943.j , ROHLEDER, ndrew H. 3d, Lt. ( jg ),USNR, Rockingham, N. C. (missing inaction): Pilot of a bombing plane,Philippines, 24 Sept. 1944.*ROONEY, Paul C., Lt. Comdr., USN,

Haddam, Kans.: Pilo t of a fighterplane, commander of a carrier-based

fighiing squadron, Attu.

* Ross, Robert C., Lt., USNR, Lo s An-geles, Calif.: Pilot of a fighter plane,Tarawa and Wake, 18 Sept. and 5 Oct.1943.

*SCHRADER, Frederick R., Comdr.,USN, Long Beach, Calif. (posthumous-ly) : Flight leader of escorting fighterplanes, Tinian, Heito, Formosa, 13 Oct.1944.

SILBER,Sam L., Comdr., USNR, Bal-timore, Md.: GO of a fighter squad-ron, Truk, 16-17 Feb. 1944, Guam andTinian, 22 Feb. 1944.

SOUTHERLAND,eonard B., Comdr.,

USN, F o r t Payne, Ala.: Air groupcommander, Tarawa and Wake, 18Sept. and 5 Oct. 1943.*WILLIAMS,MacPherson B., Comdr.,USN, Augusta, Ga.: Commander of abombing squadron, Marcus Island, 31Aug. 1943,

a

NAVY AND MARINE CORPS MEDAL

*BANKS, George I., sc2c, uSCG, Au-bum, Nebr.: Member of the crew ofWSCG cutter 16, coast of France, June1944.*BENZ, George W., PhM2c, USNR,

Hollis, N. Y . : Philippines, 24 Oct.1944.*BERRY, H. P., SM2c, USNR, East

Bridegwater, Mass.: Rescue, TamarRiver, 22 July 1944.

BOYETTE,ames, Slc, USCG, PinellasPark, Ha.: Member of the crew ofUSCG cutter 16, coast of France, June1944.* H ~ R , illiam A., CBM, USCG,Nahant, Mass.: Member of the crew0f USCG cutter 16, coast of France,June 1944.*DAVIS, Nathaniel B. Jr., Lt. Comdr.,USN, Hingham, Mass. : Mindoro, Phil-ippine Islands.* DODD, eal D., SoM3c, USCG, Peoria,Ill.: Member of the crew of USCG cut-ter 16, coast of France, June 1944.

*DUSSEAULT, Joseph W., BMlc,

USNR, Taunton, Mass.: Aboard a de-stroyer escort, Atlantic area, 18 Oct.1944.*EVERSFIELQ, William, Slc, USCG,

West Palm Beach, Fla.: Member ofthe crew of USCG cutter 16, coast ofFrance, June 1944.*FRANK, David, QM3c, USNR, NewYork, N. Y . : Rescue, 27 Jan. 1945.

CBM Decorated; Saved

Boy’s Life 32 Years Ago

John E. Ames, CBM, USN, Rich-mond Hill, N.Y., has been awardedthe Navy and Marine Corps Medalfo r an ac t of heroism performed 32years ago. On 15 Jan. 1913, Amesleaped into the ice-choked NorthRiver in New York City to rescue

Official U. S. Navy Dhatooraph

John E. Ames and his medal.

a 10-year-old boy who had fallenoff Pier 96. Afte r a struggle with

ice and current, he kept the boyfrom sinking until they were bothhauled t o safety. Ames, who en-tered the Navy is 1902, is now aninstructor in seamanship at Pier11, East River, New York.

63

L



NAVY 8i MARINE CORPS MEDALcont.

GOODRICH,rank S. Lt. (jg) ,USNR,

Iron Mountain, Mich. : Aircraft car-rier, Philippines, 24 Oct. 1944.*GRIGSBY, John E., HAlc, USNR, Mi-ami, Okla. (posthumously) : Hospitalcorpsman, medical section, 3d Bn., 2lstMarines, 3d Marine Div., Guam, 21Ju ly 1944.* HOFFMA", Paul E., Comdr., (MC)USNR, San Francisco, Calif.: USS Le x-i n g t o n , Pacific area, 4 Dec. 1943.*IVY, Charles B., MoMMlc, U S E ,Goldthwaite, Tex.: Member of thecrew of USCG cutter 16 , coast ofFrance, June 1944.*KASHINKAS, erome F., MoMMlc,USCG, Scranton, Pa.: Member of thecrew of USCG cutter 16 , coast ofFrance, Ju ne 1944.~ K U C K , enry T., CM3c, USNR,

Charleston, S. C.: Salvage operations,Pearl Harbor, 7 Dec. 1941.*LANG, Ernest H. Jr., GM3c, USNR,

San Diego, Calif.: Aboard the USS

Kidd, New Britain, 11Nov. 1943.*LOVELLE, David A., PhMlc, USN,

Dillon, S. C. (posthumously) : CapeGloucester, New Britain, 11 Jan. 1944.* MCCARTHY, rt hu r J. F., Lt. (jg),USN, Brooklyn, N. Y .: Atlantic area,18 Oct. 1944.* MOSCHETTI,George A., MoMMlc,USCGR, Greensburg, Pa. :Crew memberof a CG cutter, 30 Ju ne 1944, coast ofFrance.

*MOSES, Raymond, Cox., uSNR, Nes-pelen, Wash. : Philippines, 24 Oct.1944.*NORTH, ames B., BM2c, uSCG, WestPalm Beach, ma.: Member of thecrew of U S E cutter 16 , coast of

France, June 1944.*PUUSE, Robert H., Lt., U S E , As-toria, Oreg. (posthumously) : Execu-tive officer of the uss Escanaba,3 Feb.1943.*RACANEZLI, Vito N., SoMZc, USCGR,

San Francisco, Calif.: Crew memberof a CG cutter, 30 Ju ne 1944, coast ofFrance.

S E A M O N , Max T., Slc, UsCGR, Sher-burne, N. Y.: Aboard a cutter, 7 Aug.1944, coast of France.* S H A N K , Harold D., GMlc, usCGR,Dayton, Ohio: Crew member of a CGcutter, 30 Ju ne 1944, coast of France.

I

,Wheelwatch (NAS, Cape May, N. J.)

"No spring hats in the Waves, Irene!"

64I

*SHEA, John J., QM3c, USNR, Cleve-land, Ohio: Crewman on the USS YMS351, English Channel, 26 Dec. 1944.* SPADER, rnest, HAlc, USNR, To-peka, Kans. (posthumously) : Servedwith a Marine division, Guam, 21 July1944.*STET&~R, Emil, BMlc, USCG, De-troit, Mich.: Attached to a CG cutter,Alaska, 30 Oct. 1944.* STRUBE,William E., Lt., (MC)USNR, Fort , Worth, Tex.: uss Hazel -wood, Pacific area, 26 Oct. 1943.

*SuGGs, James R., Ens., USNR, White-

ville, N. C. (posthumously) : Attachedto a patrol bombing squadron, Ala-meda, Calif., 22 Nov. 1944.*SWEENEY,William F., GMSc, USCG,Seekonk, Mass.: Member of the crewof USCG cutter 16, coast of France,Ju ne 1944.

SwIERC, Michael J., MoMM2c, USCG,

Falls City, Tex.: Member of the crewof USCG cutter 16, coast of France,June 1944.

BRONZE STAR MEDAL


*DOHERTY, Augustine J., Lt., USNR

Winsted, Conn.: Aide, flag lieutenantsignal officer on the staff of a taskforce commander, August 1944 to Jan -uary 1945.* FLANAGAN,enry C., Commodore,USN, Philadelphia, Pa. :Commander ofa trans port division, Saipan, Ju ne1944.*LEE, John M., Comdr., USN, Wash-ington, D. C.: CO of a destroyer,Marianas, Battle of the PhilippineSea, June and July 1944.*MARZANO, ames P. Jr., Lt. (jg),USNR, Chicago, 111.: co of an LCI,Palaus, 23 Sept. 1944.*RYAN, John J. P., Lt. (jg), USNR,Hibbing, Minn.: C O of an LCI, Palaus,23 Sept. 1944.* STEVENSON, illiam A., Comdr.,USN, Eugene, Oreg.: CO of a subma-rine.*WALSH, John F., Capt. (thenComdr.) , USN, Washington, D. C.:Commander, Destroyer Division, TaskForce 58, Battle of the Philippine Sea.

Firs) award:

*ABRADI, Francis J., GSgt., uSMC,

Jersey City, N. J.: In charge of a guncrew, Marine artillery battalion, Pele-liu, 13-14 Oct. 1944.AATKESON, ohn C., Comdr., USN,Columbia, Ala.: CO of a destroyer,Palau and Philippine landing oper-ations.*Am T, Frank M., Lt., USNR, NewTazewell, Tenn.: Diving officer of asubmarine.*BAKER, Reginald J., GM3c, USNR,

Ba tt ap an , Mass.: Member of anArmed Guard gun crew aboard a mer-chant ship, Italy, December 1943.*BENNETT, David E., Slc, USCGR,

F o r t Montgomery, N. Y .: Member ofan assault transport beach party,Leyte, 20 Oct. 1944.*BLACK, Arthur P., Comdr., (MC)USNR, El Paso, Tex.: Senior medicalofficer in charge of a field hospital,northeas tern China, 15 Aug. 1943 to6 Dec. 1944.

e

* BRUBACKER,harles E., Lt., (ChC)USNR, Birmingham, Ala. : Regimentalchaplain, Marine infantry regiment,Saipan, Tinian, 15 June-3 Aug. 1944.*CATE, James s., Lt., (DC) USNR,

Baker, Oreg. (posthumously) : At-tached to 23d Marines, 4th MarineDiv., Saipan and Tinian, 15 June-25Jul y 1944.*CAVERLY, Floyd M., RTlc , USNR,

Grove City, Minn. (missing in action) :Sound operator on a submarine, Pa-cific area.*CLAGGETT, Bladen D., Comdr., uSN,

Baltimore. Md.: GO of a vessel,Southwest Pacific Area.* COLGAN,William W., PhMZc, USNR,Carteret, N. J. (posthumously): At-tached t o 3d Bn., 7th Marines, 1s t Ma-rine Division, Cape Gloucester, 2 Jan.1944.* CORD,George E., GM3c, USN, Leav-enworth, Kans.: Member of a n ArmedGuard crew aboard the ss L a n e o hS te f l en s , coast of Algeria, 11 Nov.1943.* COSTELM, Ja mes W., ' Lt. (jg),USNR, Malden, Mass, : Executive of-ficer of PT 194, CO of PT s 192 and195, New Britain, New Guinea, Au-gust 1943 t o July 1944.*GULP, James H., CEM, USN, OakCreek, Colo. (missing in action) :CEM in charge of the electrical\plantof a submarine.* DAVIDSON,William O., Lt. ( jg) ,USN, Long Beach, Calif.: Battery of-ficer, uss Kitkun Buy, Battle off Sa-mar.*DOZIER, Henry R., Comdr., USN,

Omaha, Nebr. (posthumously) : Chiefof staff and operations officer on thestaff of the commander of a carrierdivision, Marianas, June 1944.

EDGE,Lawrence L., Lt. Comdr., USN,

Atlanta, Ga.: CO of a vessel on a warpatrol.j , FLANAGAN,enry C., Commodore,USN, Philadelphia, Pa. : Commander ofa transport division, Leyte, 20 Oct.1944.*FREEMAN, rank W ., MoMMZc,USCG, Hastings, Okla.: Aboard the ussSamuel Chase, invasion of Normandy.* GASSER, Rolland R., Capt., (MC)USN, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Medical officerin command of a fleet hospital, SouthPacific Area, 31 March 1944 to 7 April1945.~GILTNER,William F., Cox., USCGR,

Chicago, 111.: Member of Navy Beach

Party 6, Biak, 22 May 1944.GOLDMAN, ober t, PhMZc, USCGR,

Stamford, Conn.:Aboard a small war-ship, Leyte, 12 Nov. 1944.

*GROSSCUP, Paul B. Jr., Lt. Comdr.,USNR, Pittsburgh, Pa.: Officer on thestaff of a carrier-division commander,Leyte.

*GUZIK, Raymond R., MoMM2c,USCG, Chicago, Ill.: Aboard the USS

LCZ ( L ) 84, invasion of Normandy.

*HARVEY, Joe M., MM2c, USN, Mor-ristown, Tenn.: Member of fhe crewof a landing boat, Pacific area .

~ H E I N T Z , harles A., CRT, USNR,

Philadelphia, Pa. : Leading radio tech-nician aboard a submarine.

*HEWINS, John s., Lt. (jg), USCGR,Hampton, Va.: Sound officer aboard awarship.*HOFFMAN,esse W., MoMMlc, USN,

Wilkes-Barre, Pa.: Member of thecrew of a submarine.

ALL UANVS



-----v --p-AMEYER, Bernard H., Comdr., USN,St. Pete rsburg, Fla.: CO of the USSEr ickson , Italy.*MICHELS, ohn H., Lt., USCGR, Rock-ville Center, N.Y.: Executive officerof a Coast Guard cutter, AtlanticFleet, summer and fal l of 1943.*MILLER, Paul , CEM, USN, Groton,Conn.: Chief of the boat on a subma-rine.~MILLICAN,obert I., PhM3c, USNR,

Cordova, Ala. : Normandy invasion.*MITCHELL, Eugene V., BMlc, USN,

Glamorgan, Va. : Aboard ship, Philip-pine Islands, 24 Oct. 1944.* MITCHELL, ohn W., Lt., USNR, k a -tick, Mass.: Aboard a destroyer, Aleu-tians to Philippines, strikes againstHaiphong and Camranh Bay.* MONROE, aul H. Jr., Lt., USNR, LosAngeles, Calif.: Diving officer of asubmarine.*MOORE, Thomas H ., CMM, USN,

Evanston, 111.: uss Phelps , Pacificarea.* MOREY,David N. Jr., Lt., uSNR, MiI-waukie, Oreg. : Executive officer, evalu-ation officer and navigator of uss Bu-ehanan, Solomon Islands area, 5 Oct.

1943-27 Feb. 1944.*MORGAN, Arthur B., EM2c, USNR,Butte, Mont. (missing in action) :Aboard the uss Harder .* MOULTON, orace D., Comdr., USNR,

Huntington Park, Calif. : Air opera-tions officer, staff of ComSoPac andSoPacFor, 3 Aug. 1943-25 March1944.~ ~ M U N G E R ,alcolm T., Comdr., USN,

Stoneham, Mass.: CO of a close-infire support ship, Pacific area, 1 5 Juneto 2 Aug. 1944.*NAZRO,Thomas W., Lt., USNR, Con-cord, N. H.: Executive officer, de-stroyer escort, Algerian coast.

*NELSON, Edward C., HAlc , USNR,St. Paul, Minn.: Corpsman with a Ma-rine infantry battalion, ‘Peleliu, 16

*HOLLADAY,arwin A., PhMZc, USN,Chattanooga, Tenn. (posthumously) :Collecting section, 4th Medical Bn., 4 thMarine Div., Saipan, 15 June-9 Ju ly1944.* HOMESLEY, Gerald, Cpl., USMC,Lawton, Okla.: Operator of an am-phibian tractor, Saipan, 1 5 June 1944.*HUDSON,Albert L., CMoMM, .uSN,Seattle, Wash. (missing in action) :Hvdraulic manifold operator aboard ascbmarine.*HUGHES, John F. Jr., Lt. (jg),USNR, Lansdowne, Pa. :OinC of a craftengaffed in resupplying a base.*HUNTER, Ira O . , CRT, USN, NewLondon, Conn.: Member of the crewaboard a submarine.*HUTCHINSON,Myron W. Jr., Capt.,USN, Norfolk, Va.: OinC and seniormember of all inspection boards of theAtlantic Fleet Amphibious TrainingCommand.* HUTTON,William E., Lt. Comdr.,USNR, Detroit, Mich.: .Assistant t o theair officer and V-4 division officer from24 Nov. 1943 to 4 Aug. 1944, ship’ssecretary and awards officer, 4 Aug.-29 Oct. 1944.

*JEFFERY,,ugene C., CPhM, USNR,

Kansas City, Kans.: Attached to aboat pool, Solomons, 2-4 July 1943.

*JENKINS,obert P., Lt., USNR, Car-rollton, Ga.: CO of a minesweeper,Anzio-Nettuno area, January 1944.*JESTER, . M., CTM, USN, San Fran-cisco, Calif.: Member of the crewaboard a submarine.*JOHNSON,arl F., Lt. (jg), USNR,Springfield, Mass.: Control officer ofa gun battery aboard a destroyer, 13-14 Oct. 1944,* UNKER,lexander F., Capt., USN,

McKeesport, Pa.: CO of a transport,Pacific area.J~K EYEs, Charles M., Comdr., USN,

Greeley, Colo.: CO of a destroyer,Kurils, June 1944.

~ K N O P S , arry T., CEM, USN, Oak-land, Calif. (missing in action) : CEMin c ha rr e of interior communications,~~ .~

uss G r z y b a c k .~ ~ L A S S I T E R ,erbert C., Capt. (SC)uSN, Norfolk, Va.: Supply officer onthe staff of Commander Alaskan Sec-t o r , 1 July 1942 to September 1943.

*LEARY, Leo H. r. , Lt. (jg), USNR,

Rumford, R. I.: Pacific operations.* EDBETTER,Edward H., PhM3c,USNR, Edneyville, N. C. (posthumous-

ly) : Member of the collecting section,.Co. A, 4th Medical Bn., 4th MarineDiv., Tinian, 24 July-1 Aug. 1944.* LEONG in Chun, RT2c, USNR, Prov-idence, R. I.: Aboard ship, PhilippineIslands, 24 Oct. 1944.

*LESLIE, Maxwell F., Capt., USN.,

Spokane, Wash. : Operations officer,staff of Commander, Garrison AirForce, Western Carolines, 25 July-15Dec. 1944.

LINDHE, eslie J., Pharmacist, USN,

Highland, N. Y.: Member of the crewaboard a submarine.* LOCASCIO, Angelo, PhMlc, USNR,Los Angeles, Calif, (missing in ac-tion) : Aboard the USS Harder .

* OWERY, George A., CBM, uSCG, SanLeandro, Calif.: Aboard an Armytug, 5 Dec. 1944.

+LYNCH, Richard B., Comdr., USN,

Citronella, Ala.: CO, submarine, Pa-cific area.

JULY 1945

- .I. . _ _Plane Shooter ( A G S , Shelton, Va.)

“I h a d th e second do g watch last night.”

*MACGILPIN,Harold H. Jr., Lt. (jg) ,USNR, Worcester, Mass. : Aboard de-stroyer, Aleutians t o Philippines.

*MACKLIN, Edward E., F l c , USCG,

Spokane, Wash.: Crew member of anArmy tug, 5-6 Dec. 1944.

*MAKER, Lyon E., CPhM, USN, SanDiego, Calif. (posthumously) : Battleof Roi-Namur, Kwajale in Atoll, 1-5Feb. 1944; Saipan, 15 June-9 J ul y1944.*MAKI, Edward A., Lt. (jg), USNR,Franklin Mine, Mich. : Assistant en-gineering officer, destroyer escort,Algerian coast.

*MANNING, Ralph E., EM2c, uSNR,

Sacramento, Calif. (missing in ac-tion) : Stern planesman, uss Harder .AMARZANO,ames P. Jr., Lt. (jg),USNR, Chicago, 111.: co of a fire-sup-port ship, Pacific area, June and July1944.

*MCCALLUM, A ngus , CMM, USN,

Walton, Ontario: Member of the crew

on a submarine.JCMCCANN,Allan R., Rear Admiral,USN, North Adams, Mass.: CO of theuss I ow a , western Pacific area.

MCCOOL,William K. Jr., slc, USNR,

Detroit, Mich.: Member landing craf tcrew.

*McGILLICUDDY, Leo x., cox., USCG,Boston, Mass.: Coxswain of a landingboat, Kwajalein, January and Febru-ary 1944; Guam, July 1944; Peleliu,September 1944; Leyte, 20 Oct. 1944.

* M c N n ~ a m , Carl T., Capt., USNR,Verona, N. J.: OinC, convoy and rout-ing section, Operations Division, staff

of ComSoPac and SoPacFor, 2 Ju ly1943-25 March 1944.

*MEDLEY, Benjamin. R., RM2c, USNR,Marfa, Tex. (missing in action):Sound operator, uss Harder.*MEEKINS, George T., Ens., USCGR,Cambridse, Md.: CO, Coast Guardcutter, Normandy invasion.

SerJt. 1944.*NEWBERG, erle 0.. fc., USMC, Mil-waukee. Wis. : Guadalcanal. BritishSolomon Islands, Tarawa, Saipan ac-tions, August. 1942-July 1944.*NISEWANER,Terrell A., Comdr., USN,Coronado, Calif. : CO of a close-in firesupport ship, Pacific area, 15 June t o2 Aug. 1944.*OVERBEY, Gilbert L., MM3c, USN, St.Louis, Mo.: Member of the crew of alanding boat.*OWEN, Robert w., I C , USCG, En-

cino. Calif.: Crew member of an Armytug,’ 5-6 Dec. 1944.*PANETT, Joseph L., Lt. (jg),(CEC) USNR, Marion, N. C.: OinC,naval combat demolition unit, invasionof southern France.

~ P A R R I S H ,loyd W., Comdr., USN,

Virginia Beach, Va.: CO, PhotographicSquadron 2, photographic officer onstaff of Commander, Air Force, At-lantic Fleet, October 1943-March 1945.* ARSONS,dward J., Slc,USNR,Re-vere, Mass. (posthumously) : Memberof a landing boat crew, invasion ofSairJan, 14 June 1944.*PATTERSON,onald H., Lt., USNR,

Baltimore, Md. : Executive officer, USSSorners, invasion of southern France.*PATTERSON,ohn P., BM2c, USNR,

Townsend, Mont.: Coxswain of a land-ing boat, New Georgia, 14 Ju ly 1943.*Parrmso~, Robert H., S ~ C ,SNR,Burbank, Calif. : Aboard ship, Philip-pine Islands, 24 Oct. 1944.

65



BRONZE STAR MEDALcant.

PATTYSON, Brewster G., Ens., USCGR,Rochester, N. Y.: CO: Coast Guardcutter, invasion of Normandy.*PECK, Irving H. Jr., Lt. Comdr.,USNR, Derby, Conn.: Officer aboard anescort carrier, Battle for Leyte Gulf.

PELLETIER, Lucien E.,AMM2c, uSNR,Salem, Mass.: uss Prznceton, Battlefor Leyte Gulf.* PETTINGILL,lbert C., GEM, USN,

Haverhill, Mass.: Chief of the boat,submarine.

*PHILLIPS, rederick N., Comdr.,

USN, Wheeling, W. Va.: Officer of aship, Battle f or Leyte Gulf.*PIKE, Clarence H., Capt., USN,

Marblehead, Mass.: CO, uss V ul c an ,invasion of southern France.* OOLE, Thornton B., Lt., USNR, Plan-dome, N.Y.: CO of a control vessel,Normandy invasion.* POSTON,. C., ACMM, USN,Moores-ville. N. C.: I n charge of reDair andmaintenance, fig hti ng squadron, Solo-mon Islands, 13 Sept-16 Oct. 1942.* PQWERS,urke I., Lt. (jg), USCGR,Oskaloosa, Iowa: CO, Coast Guardcutter, 7 Aug. 1944.

*POWERS, ames A., slc, USCGR,Ozone Park, N. Y.: Aboard an LCM,Bay of Seine, 9 June 1944.* PRATT,William V. 2nd, Comdr.,USN, Washington, D. C.: Executiveofficer and navigator of a destroyer,Bougainville, November 1943.*Puc, Adam M., Cox, USN, Chicago,111.: Aboard a cruiser, went aboardPrinceton, 24 Oct. 1944.*RAGAN, Thomas' C., Capt. (thenComdr.) U ~ N ,Washington, D. C.: CO,destroyer, Kolombangara, Shortlandand Bougainville, British SolomonIslands, 29 June 1943.*REITEX, Harry L., Comdr., uSN,

Sant a Barbara,,Calif.: Gunnery officeraboard USS Quinoy.* EXROAD,Wilford A., Ens., USN,Gage, Okla.: Computer operator, OinCof plotting room, uss Buchanun, Solo-mon Islands area.*REYNOLDS, William L., Lt., USNR,Midland, Pa. (missing in action) :While officer of the deck, uss Flier.* RIGGS, Walter H., TM3c, USNR,

Jacksboro, Tex.: In the torpedo over-haul shop of a submarine base, OC-tober 1943 to 1 Sept. 1944.* RILEY, Francis X., Lt. (jg) , USE ,Brooklyn, N. Y .: GO of a landingcraft, invasion of Normandy.

*ROACH, John P., Comdr., USN, Dal-las, Tex.: CO, submarine, Pacific area .*RaBB, w. s., Lt. Comdr., USNR,Philadelphia, Pa. : Operations officer,fighting squadron, Solomon Islands, 15Sept.-16 Oct. 1942.

*ROBERTS, Samuel R., 'F CM~ C,SNR,

Chicopee Falls, Mass.: Member of thecrew of a submarine.*RUA, Louis, Fl c, USCG, Philadelphia,Pa.: Crew member of a n Army tug,5-6 Dec.'1944.*RUSSILU), Michael P., Comdr., USN,West Newton, Mass.: G O of a sub-manne.*RUTGERS, Russell J., Pfc., USMC,Holland, Mith.: Saipan, 20 June 1944.*RYAN, John J. P., Lt. (jg), USNR,

Hibbing, Minn.: CO of a fire-supportship, Pacific area, June and July 1944.* SARAZIN,aymond P., Pfc., USMC,

Cloquet, Minn. : Marine artillery bat-talion, Saipan, 7 Ju ly 1944.

66,I

* SCHEU,Robert S., Lt. (jg), TJSCGR,Buffalo, N. Y.: CO, Coast Guard cut-ter, Normandy invasion.*SCHIEKE, Herman E., Capt., USN,Edgewater, Md.: CO of a transport,Pacific area.*SCHNEIIEER,lbert M., Chief Ma-chinist, uSNR, Bronx, NY.: OinC of arepair party, Atlantic area.* SCHUH,Charles J. Jr., Lt., USNR,

St. Petersburg, Fla.: CO of a YMS,Anzio-Nettuno area, January 1944.*SCOWS, William V., PhM3c, USNR,

Warsaw, Ind. : Marine division, Mari-anas.*SHEPARD, Andrew G., Capt., USN,

Rochester, N. Y.: G O , cruiser, Kolom-bangara, Shortland and Bougainville,Solomon Islands, 29 June 1943.* SHERIDAN, illiam J., Ens., USNPaterson, N.J.: OinC of salvage andboarding parties, Atlantic area.

*SHERWOOD, harles G., Lt., USN,

Norfolk, Va.: CO, A T R 56, Normandyinvasion.~ S H I P P , lvin E., MoMMlc, USN,Houston, Tex. : In charge auxiliarymachinery, submarine.* SISK, Jesse L., BMlc, USN, Win-chester, Tenn. : Mount captain, air-craft carrier, Philippine Islands.

*SMART, Ned E., S l c USCG Gideon,Mo.: Crew member 04 an Akmy tug,5-6 Dec. 1944.* SMITH,David B., Lt., USNR, Bridge-port, Conn.: Division officer andbeachmaster, boat pool, Rendova-NewGeorgia area, Solomon Islands, 30June-5 Aug. 1943.* SMITH, Edwin E., Lt. (jg), USWR,Westfield, Mass.: GO, Coast Guardcutter, Normandy invasion.*SMITH, James P., Lt. (jg), USCGR,Blackwood, N. J.: CO of a CoastGuard cutter, invasion of Normandy.

*SOUTHARD,ames W., MoMM3c,USN, Mansfield, Ohio (posthumously) :

Member of a crew on LSVP 377-6,Normandv invasion.* S P E R L I ~ ,William E. 3rd, Maj.,USMCR, Highland Park, N. J.: Reg+mental shore par ty commander, Guam,21 July t o 10 Aug. 1944.* STARRETT, William J., Lt. (jg),

Seabas (NTS, Norfolk)

"I just know I've seen him somewheresbefore!"

USCGR, Boyertown, Pa.: co of a CoastGuard cutter, invasion of Normandy.*STECHER,Robert W., Lt., USN, As-sista nt approach officer, submarine.+STENT.Ernest, Lt., USNR, Atherton,. ~ ~ I

Calif. : Naval gunfire liaison officer,Biak, New Guinea, 27 May 1944..+ STEVENS. oy L., Chief Machinist,%N, Folsdm, Pa.: Aboard the USSATR 1, Anzio-Nettuno, 29 Jan. 1944.* TRAUGH, William D. Jr., Lt., USCGR,

Philadelphia, Pa.: CO of the uss LST331, coast of France , 15 June 1944.

*TRAUSEAUG",ee E., CPhoM, USN,

P o r t Royal, S. C.: Naval combat pho-tographic unit, invasion of southernFrance.J~STURGESS,a y A., MM3c, USNR,

Sioux City. Iowa: Action on Saipan,June 1944,*SYMONDS, Jack E., BkrZc, USNR,

Rochester, N. -Y.: ~ Gunnery-directorstroyer, 14 Oct.perator aboard a de

1944.* HOMAS,William P., PhM2c, USNR,

Frankl inton, La.: Attached to a Ma-rine rifle company, Piva Forks, Bou-gainville, 24 Nov. 1943.* THOMPSON,Roy E., WT3c, USN,

Bremerton, Wash.: A b o a r d ussPhelps , Pacific area.

* THOMPSON,William H., PhMlc,USN, Seattle, Wash.: Marine inf ant rydivision, Saipan invasion.*TOBIN, Robert G., Capt., USN, Dan-ville, Va. : C O , cruiser, Kolombangara,Shortland and Bougainville, BritishSolomon Islands, 29 June 1943.*TURNER, Vernon C., Comdr., USN,

Brownwood, Tex.: CO, submarine , Pa-cific area.*WAGONER,Howard D., Sgt., USMCR,

Rainsboro, Ohio; Acting rifle platoonleader, Guam, 22-23 July 1944.

*WALLACE, Lawrence A., Lt, (jg.)USNR, Wichita, Kans.: Executive offi-

cer and CO of motor torpedo boats,December 1943 t o October 1944.*WALSER,Richard G., Lt., USNR, Lex-ington, N.C.: Communications watchofficer. 7th Amphibious Force, South-west Pacific area.*WATKINS, Fra nk T., Capt., USN,

Hollmood. Calif. : CO, submarine,Pacidc area.

WEBBER, Jerome E., Lt. Comdr.,(MC) USNR, Grand Rapids, Mich.:Assistant surgeon, Marine regiment,Saipan, 15 Jun e 1944.*WESTON, Kenneth R., Comdr.,(MC) USNR, Allentown, Pa.: Seniormedical officer, southern England, No-

vember 1943 to Normandy invasion. ~

WILKINSON, Thomas W., GM3c,USNR, Philadelphia, Pa. (posthumous-ly) : Gun captain aboard uss LCI (G )365, G u a m , 21 J u l y 1944.

*WILSON,. Harold C., S O M ~ C ,JSNR,Lynn, Mass.: Paciflc area.+WILSON. Ralph E., Capt., USN,

Salem, Orkg.: Senior assistant opera-tions officer, staff of ComSoPac, So-PacFor, 31 Aug. 1943-25 March 1944.*WOODHOUSE,rn es t W., Lt. Comdr.,USNR, St. Paul, Minn.: Commanderof a minesweeper division, LeyteIsland, 17-23 Oct. 1944.

*WRIGHT,Clarence C., Lt., USN,New-

ton Center. Mass. :Aboard a destroyer,engineering plant, Aleutians t o thePhilippines.

*YOUNG, George G., CFCM, TJSN,Roslindale, Mass. : Operated the mainbattery computer in a destroyer, main-tained all fire-control equipment.

ALC #AMOS



@ug&E7aN @@dPOSTING MATTERS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST AND IMPORTANCE TO ALL HANDS

Change in Rules Limits Sea, Foreign Pay;

Here’s a Summary of the New RegulationsChanges in regulations governing

sea and foreign-duty pay have beenissued by the Secretary of the Navy,’under which personnel who have beenreceiving sea pay for duty in inlandwaters and on vessels not in commis-sion are due t o lose the 10 or 20% ex-tra compensation for which they havebeen eligible in the past.

For pay purposes sea duty is de-fined by the directive (NDB, 31 May,45-530) as follows:

e Service while assigned to dutywith Armed Guard crews, communica-

tion or convoy groups, amphibious orFleet Marine Forces, and mobile hos-pital units, for all periods when actu-ally serving aboard vessels, and for aperiod not to exceed 30 days of shoreduty immediately following and whilestill assigned t o the surne du ty .

Service performed by instructorsand students at surface-ship o r sub-marine schools for those days actual-ly under way outside of inland waters,as defined in detail by Navy Regs.,Chap. 55, Sec. 3.

0 Service performed in an eligiblevessel following issuance of orders bya competent authority (including tem-

porary additional duty even thoughthe primary duty is shore duty).

Service as temporary additionalduty ashore for a period not to exceed30 consecutive days while the man isstill attached to the vessel or assignedt o duty as a regular o r relief crewmember, except as provided below.

Service performed by all perspn-ne1 attached to ship-based aviahonunits, including periods temporarilybased ashore. (The ter m “ship-basedaviation unit” is used t o describe anaviation unit attached t o and servingon board a vessel in full commission.The term “temporarily based ashore”

is used t o describe a unit landedashore with intent to return to thesame vessel from which it was landed,as for example, during a navy yardoverhaul period.)

Service performed by personnelunder flight orders attached to fleet,sea-frontier o r local defense units.

0 Service performed by personnelunder flight orders attached t o NATSfor periods of flight beyond the con-tinental lim its of the U. s.

Personnel ar e NOT considered to beon sea duty for pay purposes:

0 While assigned t o or serving withshore-based administrative or main-

tenance organizations of any unit (ex-cept for service actually performed ina vessel).

0 While attached to receiving shipsor station ships.

0 While attached to or s e e n g in avessel which is not in commassaon, or

JV lY r94s

one that is restricted to service with-in the inland waters of the U. S., o r ina non-self-propelled vessel, except forthose days during which the vessel, byorder of competent authority, actuallyoperates outside of inland waters.

Personnel are, likewise, not eligiblet o receive sea-duty or foreign-service

Pay:0 While suspended or otherwise re-

moved from duty by reason of an of-fense which results in conviction bycourt-martial.

While confined in a brig or prison

following a court-martial sentence.(COS are t o notify disbursing officersin writing at the time of suspension orremoval from duty and upon restora-tion to duty. Where tr ia l does not re-sult in conviction, retroactive sea orforeign-service pay is credited.)

How Sea Pay is Computed

The Pay Readjustment Act of 1942provides additional pay for personnelof the Army, Navy, Marine Corps andCoast Guard, including the reservecomponents on active duty, whileserving on sea duty, as defined by thehead of the service concerned, o r

while on duty a t any place beyond thecontinental limits of the U. S. or inAlaska, effective as of 7 Dec. 1941.

Enlisted personnel and warrant of-ficers are eligible to receive 20% ofthei r base pay as additional compensa-tion. Commissioned officers, includingcommissioned (chief) warrant officers,receive 10% of base pay as additionalcompensation.

Enlisted men serving at sea on sub-marines receive 50% additional ofbase pay for their submarine service,plus 20% of their combined base payand submarine-duty pay as sea-dutypay. Submarine officers receive 50%

additional compensation, plus 10% oftheir combined base pay and submar-ine-duty pay for their sea service.Personnel on flight duty receive flightpay and sea-duty pay, figured on thesame basis as for those serving in sub-marines.

Members of the Insular Force (suchas the Chamorros on Guam) are en-titled to 20% increase on the base-payrates which ar e applicable t o such per-sonnel.

Midshipmen, aviation cadets, andCoast Guard cadets are not entitled tosea-duty or foreign-service pay.

Periodof

Sea-Duty Pay

When ordered t o sea duty, person-nel are entitled to sea-duty pay fromthe date of reporting to duty and in-cluding the date of detachment fromduty, as stated in the orders. Person-nel are entitled to continue receiving

their sea-duty pay while on author-ized leave (not in excess of the st atu-

tory limit) o r while sick in a hospital,provided they are not detached fromsea duty.

Foreign-Service Pay

Although the percentages fo r figur-ing sea-duty pay are the same as forforeign-service pay, the two are con-sidered separately in th at they do notapply in the same manner t o officerswithout dependents. Such officers re-ceive no rental allowance while on seaduty, but continue t o receive theirrental allowance when on foreign-ser-vice duty. Officers with dependents re-ceive rental allowance in both in-

stances.

Period of Foreign-Service-Pay‘ ’

Enlisted personnel and officers areentitled to receive foreign-service payfrom the da te of departure from U. S.continental limits to the date 0: re-turn. Personnel en route to join avessel o r t o report for sea duty be-yond U. S. continental limits, those enroute between duty stations afloat andashore beyond the continental U. S.,and those en route to the U. S. afterdetachment from sea duty beyondU. S. continental limits ar e not eligibleto receive sea-duty pay during these

periods, but are entitled t o foreign-service pay.

Personnel who are on duty in theU. S. and who are ordered to tempor-ary duty beyond the continental limitsOF in Alaska, are not eligible for for-eign-semce pay, if the temporaryduty is fo r less than seven days’ dur-ation and if such temporary duty isincident t o or in direct connectionwith the paramount or primary dutyin the U. S. Personnel on duty over-seas or in Alaska are not eligible toreceive foreign-service pay fo r periodsof leave or temporary duty which theyspend within U. S. continental limits.

The letter provides that all com-munications relative t o sea duty forpay purposes are to be directed, viaofficial channels, to the Chief of NavalPersonnel, and are to contain a fullstatement of facts pertinent to thecase.

Subsistence AllowanceRaised 45 Cents a Day

Effective 1 June, enlisted men of theNavy, Marine Corps and Coast Guardreceived a 45-cent increase in the dailysubsistence allowance authorized whereno Government messing facilities are

furnished. Executive Order No. 9561,which raised the total subsistence al-lowance to $2.25 a day, i s effective un-til 30 June 1946 and was announced inAlnav 1216-45 (NDB, 15 June, 45-626).The order also extended a similar in-Crease t o Army personnel.

67



. , I.

Off icers to be Recruited from Ranks

In 18 Specialized BuPers ProgramsEighteen specialized officer-recruit-

ing programs were announced by Bu-Pers last month for which a limitednumber of candidates ar e being soughtfrom the enlisted ranks for appoint-ment as commissioned and warrant of-ficers. Although no minimum periodof service is required, candidates mustmeet the following general qualifica-tions as stated in BuPers Circ. Ltr.159-45 (NDB, 15 June, 45-649) :

Applicants must possess officerlikequalities and be U. S. citizens, freefrom physical defects which are or-ganic and likely to become disablingo r t o interfere with their performanceof duty. Ordinarily, visual acuity of15/20 in each eye will be required forline-officer billets, and 12/20 for staff-officer billets, both correctible t o 20/20with glasses, and normal color percep-tion. Exceptions to these general qual-

ifications are stated in the individualprograms which follow :

Medical off icers: Graduate of ac-credited medical school with at leastone year of internship. For generalmedical officers, internship waived pro-vided candidate applies immediatelyupon graduation. For specialist medi-cal officers, recent practical experiencein a particular specialty, o r one yearin general practice, required; member-ship on a Specialty Board desirable.Physical Waivers. Age, 21-35 for gen-eral; 27-50 for specialists.

Dental o f f icers: Graduate of accred-ited school of dentis try, duly licensedto practice, and member in good stand-ing of the American Dental Associa-tion. Two o r three yeam of activepractice immediately prior to entryinto service desirable. Physical waiv-ers. Age, 21-38.

Chapla ins: Must have successfullycompleted four years of college o r uni-versity with minimum of 120 hourscompleted, and must be graduate ofaccredited theologicol seminary withminimum df 90 hours’ work completed.Must be ordained, and receive ecclesi-astical endorsement from t heir denom-ination before being commissioned.Visual waivers to 6/20 given t o appli-cants having eyesight fully correctibleto 20/20. Age, 22-45.

S tevedore o f f i cers : Must have ex-tensive experience in supervision andadminis tration of the loading and un-loading of general cargo ships, plus athorough knowledge of rigging, stow-ing, accident prevention and mainte-nance of gear. Years of experience ac-ceptable in lieu of formal education.Waivers: visual to 8/20 fully correc-tible to 20/20; 65% inches tall; falseteeth upper and lower; and defectivehearing 15/20. Age, 25-50.* Malariologist o r entomologist OB-cers: Must have degree, with major

inmedical entomology o r biology desir-able, and at least two years’ recent ex-perience in actual field work in mos-quito control or similar fields. Physi-cal waivers. Age, 21-44.

Physiologists: Same as above, with

68

major in physiology desirable, andfield work in physiology.* Radar o f i cers : Must have a degreein electrical or radio engineering orphysics, with specialized study in theapplications of electricity. Collegecourses taken should include calculusand physics. Scholastic record aboveaverage. No waivers. Age, 19-31..

Supply of icers, general servace:Must have degree; courses in businessadministration and economics desir-able. College record and personalitymust be above average. Considerationwill be given t o applicants with eye-sight 12/20 correctible t o 20/20, andwith defective color perception. Age,

Supply off icers, administrative :Musthave a college degree, preferably inbusiness administration orel lied fields,plus a t least five years of practical

business experience. Must have hadsuccessful experience in connecticnwith organization management in anexecutive capacity, including the han-dling of groups of people, the p lanningof operations, and the determinationof plans and policy. Must have expe-rience in one or more of the follow-ing: general business, corporationlaw, procurement, inventory control,storage o r movement of supplies andmateria ls. Consideration will be givento applicants with eyesight 8/20 cor-rectible to 20/20, and with defectivecolor perception. Age, 27-38.

Port d i r ec to r officers: Must have at

lease five years’ experience a s one ofthe following: marine, port terminal,pier, o r stevedore superintendent;stevedore, port captain, export man-ager, marine engineer (maintenance),traffic manager, shipping agent . Col-lege education desirable, but extensiveexperience will be accepted in lieu offormal education. Physical waivers.Age, 30-50.

Procurement expedi ters: Must havea degree in mechanical engineering,electrical engineering, o r businss ad-ministration (specializing in businessor industrial organization and man-agem en t) ; in lieu of degree, eight o rmore years’ experience in one of the

above categories. At least four years’experience in industria l expediting de-sirable, and two years of such experi-ence ar e essential. Physical waivers.Age, 29-40.e Petroleum inspectors: Should havea degree in petroleum o r chemical en-gineering; in lieu of degree, at least 10years’ experience in a responsible posi-tion in the oi l refinery field, o r labora-tory experience in connection with fueloil and it s derivatives. Should have a tleast two years’ actual refinery andlaboratory experience in analysis ofpetroleum products. Physical waivers.Age, 23-38.

Materials-handl ing supervisors: Musthave a t least three years’ experiencein a responsible supervisory capacityin large quantity stock handling, in-cluding analysis of materials-handlingproblems and application o r use of thefork-truck pallet system; plus experi-

19-29.

ence in the use of fork truck, pallets,tractors, trailers, conveyors, cranesand other handling equipment. Care-ful screening will be required to seg-regate stock clerks from the expertmaterial handlers required for thisprogram. Physical waivers. Age, 27-38 .

Paclmging of icers: Must have de-gree, preferably in engineering! plusat least three years’ experience in the

packaging o r packing field; this shouldinclude production experience in man-ufac turing in one of the following box

. ields: corrugated, solid fiber, folding,set-up, nailed wood, wirebound, cleatedplywood, cleated fiber board, o r crat-ing. Physical waivers. Age, 27-38.

V. D. control oficers: Must have adegree, and at least one year of recentpractical experience in V. D. controlwork with the U. S. Public HealthService, state or local health depart-ment, the Division of Social Protec-tion (Federal Security Agency), theAmerican Social Hygiene Associationand affiliates, o r the National Tuber-

culosis Association and affiliates. Con-sideration will be given to applicantshaving a degree and having com-pleted two years of satisfactory workin medical school. Physical waivers.Age, 30-45.

Pa ten t sol ic itors: Must hold a tech-nical o r engineering degree with abackground of electronic experience, orthe equivalent in technical and elec-tronic education and experience. Musthave at least two years’ experience ineither the Patent Office, a patent lawfirm, o r the patent division of a cor-poration, A law degree desirable bu tnot essential, and will not be accepted

in lieu of practical experience. Physi-cal waivers. Age, 25-45.

Radar material off icers: Candidatesfor temporary appointment must beeither RTl c, CRM or CRT. Those fo rpermanent appointment must have acollege degree and be RT2c o r RM2co r higher. Candidates for both tem-porary and permanent appointmentmust be graduates in the upper 10%of the class of the Radio MaterialSchool at the Naval Research Labor-atory o r Treasure Island o r NavyPier, Chicago, or have had equivalentexperience in the naval service. Nowaivers. Age, 18-35.

Motion-picture distm’bution off icers :Must possess a thorough knowledge ofrelease schedules, availabilities, andplay dates; the booking, shipping, andcirculation of motion pictures andother problems peculiar to theatersand motion picture exchanges, gainedfrom a minimum of five years’ actualexperience in the booking of enter -tainment motion pictures. Physicalwaivers. Age, 25-41.

d s stated by the directive, the merefact that an applicant meets the mini-mum qualifications listed above doesnot guaran tee appointment. Appli-cants must have their CO’s recom-

mendation, and applications are to besubmitted to BuPers, via official chan-nels, in accordance with provisions ofBuPers. Ltr. 126-45 (NDB, 15 May,45-504), details of which were pub-lished in ALL HANDS,June 1945, p.

ALL HANOS

72-73.



ew Naval Aviation Preparatory Program

Up for Younger Enlisted Men

A Naval Aviation Preparatory Pro-

tocome naval aviators, has been estab-

t o provide appropriate collegeing f or prospective aviation cadets

t o their assignment to the stan-

). Eli sble are unmar-

1 Nov. 1945,d who have not advanced beyond the

o r equivalent).Candidates selected fo r the program

1 Nov.

the Navy V-12 Program. It is notected tha t th e length of the college

l be more than thre e termsf fou r months each prior to trans fer

o Navy pre-flight schools. Each trai-

raining. Any student who fallslow required standards a t any time

be returned to general duty.Men selected will be transferred toe rati ng of apprentice seaman (Class

USNR o r USN, as appropriate) and

lege training and transfer to theof training: Each applicant

or

at a lat er date.Applicants must meet the following

vers of an y

eneral:Be a male citizen of the U. S.; be

than 20 years of age on 1 Nov.5; be unmarried and agree t o re-

rated not higher than Slc, o r equi-

Be a high school graduate (war

e acceptable) o r have been acceptedor o r in attendance at an accredited

o r university. He must havecourses in ele-

ry in school or college; other courseso r physics are highly

. He must have passed the

(given prior to 15 June 1943) with acore of 88 o r above; o r the New Gen-

1,2, 3

r 1s (given subsequent to 1 5 Ju ne943) with a score of 60 o r above.n the case of an applicant f or whom

o r oral examination is

properly qualified to pursue suc-

t945

cessfully a colIege curriculum gener-ally considered to be more exactingand more difficult than a normalcourse at a liberal arts college, andto obviate the selection of men who

would subsequently have to be re-turned to general duty for failuret o meet minimum education require-ments.

Aptitude:Attain the following minimum ac-

ceptable grades on the Aviation Apti-tude Tests : Aviation ClassificationTest, C; Mechanical ComprehensionTest, C; Flight Aptitude Rating,. D-minus. These tes ts may not be givena second time t o applicants who havepreviously been processed for theflight training program.

Physical: ~

Be physically qualified and aeronau-tically adapted for the actual controlof aircraft in accordance with Chap-te r XI of BuMed Manual for com-mission (aviation) except : height-minimum 64 inches; weightfor 17-year-old applicants, a minimum of 115pounds if weight is in proportionto height; for applicants who havereached their 18th birthday, a mini-mum of 120 pounds, if otherwisehealthy and well-developed. Teeth-18 sound, vital teeth, with at least twomolars in functional occlusion and notmore than 4 incisors missing whichare satisfactorily replaced.

Men who have been separated fromthe flight training program of theArmy or Navy by reason of flightfailure are not eligible. Those whohave been separated from any officer-candidate program of the Army,Navy, Marine Corps o r Coast Guardby reasons other than flight failuremust complete six months' sea du tybefore applying for this program, ac-cording t o sea-duty provisions con-tained in BuPers Circ. Ltr. 297-44(NDB, July-Dec., 44-1145).

Since recommendations f or this train-ing must be considered essentially asnominations for commissioned status,

they take precedence over any currentenlisted employment, rating o r train-ing not leading specifically to com-missioned statu s. When applicantsbecome aviation cadets they mustagree to remain on active duty forfour years, including period under-going train ing as aviation cadets, un-less separated from the program orsooner released by the Navy.

Individual applications are t o besubmitted to the CO, who is to con-sider all applications and is to selectthose men best qualified in all respectsfor transfer to the Naval AviationPreparatory Program and for train-

ing as officer-candidates. Recommen-dations ar e to be forwarded t o appro-priate selecting commands so as toarrive not later tha n 20 Aug. 1945.

(For complete details, see BuPersCirc. Ltr. 179-45 (NDB, 30 June1945).

Time Limit on Income Tax

Extended for Servicemen

Now Returning to U. S.The time lim it within which service-

men returning to the United Statesmust file o r pay income taxes ha s beenextended by a recent ruling of theTreasury Department (T.D. 5456, ap-proved 9 June 1945).

Where the date for filing Federalincome tax returns or making a ny pay-ment of income tax fell due while amember of the armed forces wa s onsea duty o r serving outside the con-tinental U. s., and the man did notreturn to the U. S. until on o r after1 Jan. 1945, such obligation is auto-matically postponed, without penaltyo r interest, until the 15th day of thesixth month following th e month of hi sreturn.

In the event the date of any returno r payment falls due following his re-turn to the U. s., the postponement isalso applicable, providing payment or

return falls due prior to the 15th dayof the sixth month following the monthin which falls the last day of a periodof 91 days o r more of continuous serv-ice at sea or outside the continentalU. S. and providing the last day ofthat period of service occurs on orafter 1 Jan. 1945.

This 8.mendment of Treasury Regu-lations has no application to the post-poned due date for filing Federalincomc tax returns and making pay-ments by members of t he armed forceswho returned to the U. S. prior to 1Jan . 1945. Tha t date remains the 15thday of the fourth month following the

month in which the individual returnedt o the U. S.

OK to Collect Tobacco

Ration for a DependentHolders of military tobacco-ration '

cards may make purchases for oneadult dependent, using that depen-dent's card, if they do so at the sametime that they are making purchasesof tobacco allowed by their own rationcards.

This ruling was issued to all sta-tions in the continental U. S. on 2June 1945 by SecNav in an all-station

communication. For details on thetobacco-rationing system, for servicepersonnel in the U. S., see ALLHANDS,June 1945, p. 75.

I ' .d..'

Bluejacket (NATTC, Memphis)

69



Rules Issued on Leave or Release

For Waves Married to Servicemen

.

General policies providing for ex-tended leave, discharge and separationfrom the service for Waves marriedto servicemen returned from overseas,or separated from the service, as de-

termined by the Joint Army-NavyAgreement, have been interpreted forthe Navy in Women’s Reserve Circ.Ltr. 4-45, dated 20 June 1945.

In brief the policies provide that :

8 Waves rtn duty in the continentalU. S. who are married to servicemenwho return from overseas may begranted leave by their COS at thesame time their husbands get leave.For enlisted women such leave mayinclude earned annual leave and ad-vanced unearned annual leave up t o atotal of 45 days exclusive of traveltime. For officers this leave is charge-able against annual leave; in cases

where the ir accumulated leave amountsto less than 45 days, the balance is tobe taken without pay. In unusualcases, such as when the Wave’s hus-band is a returned prisoner-of-war ora survivor, she may submit to BuPersa request fo r a leave extension.

o Wives of disabled veterans, service-men and members of the merchantmarine of World War I1 may be dis-charged o i separated from the serviceupon request. Applications from Wavesfor inactive duty will be consideredby BuPers and action taken in accord-ance with the needs of th e service.The term “disabled” applies t o vet-

erans who have been medically sur-veyed and separated from the service,to .members medically surveyed fo rlimited duty o r who are hospitalizedand awaiting survey for limited dutyo r separation from the service, and t omerchantmen who have been separatedfrom their service because of physicaldisqualification. Satis fac tory proof willbe a photostat of the husband’s dis-charge certificate or release orders, o ra letter from his CO stating that hehas been medically surveyed for lim-ited duty or separation from the ser-vice o r is hospitalized awaiting suchaction. In the case of a disabled mem-

ber of the marchant marine a certi-fied copy of his medical record from aU. S. Marine hospital o r from theoffice of the port medical representa-tive of the WSA is required, togetherwith a photostat of his release signedby the WSA.0 Waves with at least one year’sactive service and whose husbandshave been separated from the serviceor placed on inactive duty for reasonsother than disability (World War 11)may request discharge o r separationfrom the service. This would includehusbands released under the Armypoint system. A photostat of the hus-

band’s discharge certificate o r ordersto inactive duty is required and, if theWave’s married name does not showon her record, a photostat of the mar-riage certificate must also be enclosed.COS are authorized to effect such dis-charges for the woman’s own con-venience without reference to BuPers.

70 ,

If the Wave is hospitalized o r in adisciplinary status, discharge may notbe effected until she has been fully re-stored to duty or is no longer in adisciplinary or probationary status. If

the Wave is on duty in an activity notauthorized to effect discharge, the COis to designate her for discharge andtransfer her t o an activity which hasthis authority.

Needs of the service will be the de-ciding factor. The application is t o beaccompanied by a letter from theman’s CO verifying that he has hadoverseas service and is assigned toduty in the States and indicating theprobable period of his Stateside as-signment. If t he records do not showthe Wave’s married name, a photostatof the marriage certificate is to be

submitted. In case of a request fortransfer or reassignment, the Wave’sapplication is to be forwarded t o Bu-Pers, via the activity and commandto which the transfer is requested for

Waves with at least on e year,s endorsement and recommendation.

active duty and who ar e married to Subsequent recall, reenlistment orservicemen returned from overseas for reappointment of those who have beenduty in the States may submit re- released t o inactive duty, dischargedquests t o BuPers for transfer, dis- or separated from the service will de-charge o r seDaration from the service. pend on the needs of the service.

New Rules for Ship and Station PapersPublication of ship and station

newspapers is now governed by anew directive from the Secretary ofthe Navy dated 28 May (NDB, 3 1May, 45-526). The directive super-sedes BuPers Manual, Art. E-7601-4.

Following is a brief summary ofthe main provisions:

W ho m a y pub l is h pape r s: Recog-nizing that ship and station news-papers are a positive factor in theproblem of morale with which allcommanding officers are concerned,the directive delegates authority toestablish and maintain papers to thecommanding officers without furtherreference to the Navy Department,

on the basis of definitions in thedirective.

To avoid duplicat ion: No morethan one newspaper may be pub-lished by any station except as spe-cifically authorized.

Contents : Should be consistent withgeneral function of promotion of theefficiency, welfare and contentmentof personnel, and in conformancewith generally accepted standards ofgood taste. No paid advertising mat-ter. All printing to be in one color(but see exception 3, below).

How costs are met . Papers for na-

val personnel : by regular allotmentsunder appropriation, “Welfare andRecreation, Navy,” or from “Ship’sStores Profits” o r from non-appro-priated funds, as determined by CO.Papers for civilian personnel, or forcivilian and naval personnel jointly:from non-appropriated funds, pro-vided civilians contribute in someway; otherwise, by such funds asmay be authorized.

S i z e : is determined by on-boardcount of personnel for whom publica-tion is maintained. Allowance perweek :

Class 1 (complement under 1,000)

-4 pages o r 2 sheets,8” x 1 0 % ” .Class 2 (1,000-8,000)--8 pages or4 sheets, 8” x 10%”.

Class 3 (3,000-~,000)--8 pages or4 sheets, 9 % x 12%’+.

Class 4 (5,00O-10,000)-12 pageso r 6 sheets, 9%” x 12%”.

Class 5 (10,000-15,~00)-12 pages

Class 6 (over 15,000)-12 pages or

Except ions:1. Class 1 pa;pers may use legal-

size paper, 8% x 14“, for mimeo-

o r 6 sheets, 1 0 %

6 sheets, 16” x 21”.

x 16”.

graphing.2. To meet local printing and

paper problems, publici tions Ga y useother sizes than those above, so longas they remain within the maximumauthorized limits of total squareinches of paper.

3. CO may authorize three specialeditions a year, each to use not morethan double normal paper and not

more than two colors.4. Ships and stations outside U. S.continental limits may publish dailypapers as deemed necessary by localCOS, using average of not more than8 pages, not over 8% ” x 14” . Thesemay be published in addition t o anyother publication authorized by thisdirective.

5. Provisions as to size and colorremain in force as long as nationalpaper and manpower shortage ex-ists, and are applicable at all timesto papers published at Governmentexpense. When shortage does notexist, papers may be any size and

colors determined by CO, providedentire cost is met from non-appropri-ated funds.

6. Requests for special Qxceptionsmay be addressed to SecNav, viaBuPers or SECP, whichever is cog-nizant, and Administrative Office,Navy Dept.

Production. Insofar as practicable,papers shall be produced bn Govern-ment equipment.

Distr ibut ion is limited to the mini-mum quantity needed f o r personnelof the activity and for exchanges.Exchanges ar e encouraged. Copiesare not to be mailed in penalty en-

velopes except for exchanges andother official purposes. Two copies ofevery issue are to be mailed immedi-ately upon publication t o the Chiefof Naval Personnel o r to the Direc-tor, SECP, whichever is cognizant(if both, two to each).

ALL UAMVS



New Policies Favor Okay

On Requests for Sea Duty

From Enlisted Me n in U. S.

.

BuPers policies governing action tobe taken on individual requests fromshore-based enlisted men within U. S.continental limits who desire sea dutyhave been announced by the Chief of

Naval Personnel in a letter dated 24March 1945 t o the commandants of allcontinental naval districts and rivercommands, and the chiefs of all navalair training commands (Pers-6303-

The following policies are in effect.

0 All requests for sea duty whichhave favorable endorsements ar e to begranted.

0 All requests from non-rated menare to be granted, regardless of en-dorsement, when the total number ofmen on board any station exceeds80% of the authorized allowance.

All requests from petty officers,class “A” graduates and men in thestewards’ branch are to be granted,regardless of endorsement, when thetotal number of men on board the sta-tion exceeds 80% of the allowancepermitted for the various ratingsauthorized for that station. (Gradu-ates of class “A” schools are to becounted in their respective ratinggroups when figuring the number ofrated men within any rating aboardthe station.)

All requests which have unfavor-able forwarding endorsements, andwhich do not fall in any of the above

categories, are t o be disapproved, in-cluding all requests received from en-listed men assigned to special pro-grams.

The directive states that considera-tion is, however, to be given to anyman who desires sea duty, and in-vites the attention of CO S to the fol-lowing programs under which menmay be made available for transfer tosea: fleet interchange, recruit replace-ment, Wave replacement, shore-dutysurvey, and transfer to general detail.

BuPers desires, wherever practic-able, that when enlisted men whohave served a minimum of three

months a s h o r e personally requesttransfer t o sea duty, their wishes becomplied with, and states that theymay be transferred without referencet o BuPers or to administrative com-mands, within th e limits of the poli-cies established by the directive.

Personnel transferred to sea are tobe given their choice of being sent t othe nearest receiving station for as-signment to general detail, or t o theNaval Training and Distribution Cen-ter, Shoemaker, Calif., for assig-nmentby ComWesSeaFron.

Requests for transfers to sea dutywhich cannot be accomplished within

the scope of the directive a re to beforwarded to the administrative com-mand, which is to effect a redistribu-tion within the command so thatnecessary replacements may be pro-vided, thus enabling the man to go tosea, or t o forward such requests t oBuPers in the event that the percent-

DW-7-P16-3/MM).

JULY f94S

Beachhead (ATB, Oceanside, Calif.)

”That sailor called again an d lef+ a messagefor you.“

ages in the district as a whole do notpermit approval of a man’s request

fo r duty afloat. BuPers will endeavorto provide reliefs in individual cases,but if no reliefs can be made avail-able, then the request will be disapproved.

Enlisted Men Invited1

T o Apply for Sub DutyThe Navy has a continuing need for

enlisted men in certain ratings t o vol-unteer for submarine duty, and thosewho meet the particular mental, psy-chological and physical requirementsmay submit requests to BuPers via

cos.Requests are desired from enlistedmen in the following ratings:

CM, T M , TME, QM, SM, FC, S, EM,RM, RT, MoMM, Y, PhM (except thirdclass), SC, Bkr, Ck (except f irst class)and StM.

MMs also are desired and their re-quests should st ate whether they havehad any previous experience with in-ternal-combustion engines and whetherthey desire t o have their ra tes changedto MoMM when qualified. Only thosewho desire to have the change madeshould apply.

In addition, all men qualified in sub-

marines who have had actual “warpatrol” experience (except CGM, CQM,CSM, CFC, CRT, and CCS) .and whoindicate in writing their desire t o re-turn to submarine duty will be trans-ferred .to the nearest submarine basewithout reference to BuPers, for fur-ther assignment to submarine duty.

Volunteers accepted f or initial train-in g will be transfer red to the Sub-marine School and, after training, willbe assigned to fleet submarines.

BuPers does not desire requestsfrom CPOs for initial training in sub-marines nor from recruits undergoingrecruit training, personnel in class Aschools, personnel serving in ships andstations who have not completed atleast 1 2 months duty therein a t .thetime of submission of requests or fromCB personnel.

@Fordetails see BuPers Circ. Ltr.145-45: NDB, 31 May, 45-570).

Enlisted Promotion Rules

Tightened;Time-in-Rate

Waivers Further LimitedA general tightening of rules gov-

erning the advancement of enlistedpersonnel is provided by two recent di-rwtives.- -. .

The basic promotional directive,

BuPers Circ. Ltr. 297-44 (NDB, July-Dec., 44-1145) , has been modified bAlnav 114-45 ( N D B, 1 5 June, 45-614yin the following respects:

0 It is no longer possible t o waive, fo routstanding personnel, one-half of thetime in rat e required fo r advancementto pay grades 3 (P02c) and above.

0 A t least three months’ sea duty isnow required in pay grade 3 and/or 4(P0 2c and/or P 03c) for advancementto pay grade 2 (POlc) except for V-10personnel, aviation branch ratings(other than SKV, .TMV and PtrVrates), male specialists, BMA, cablecensor personnel, those classified per-

manently by BuPers as “Mobilizationashore” or “Limited duty,” and SADand SAD (MG) ratings.

0 ACRT, ARTlc, Cox. and QM3c mayno longer be advanved in excess of al-lowance.

In addition, CO S ar e directed by Bu-Pers Circ. Ltr. 152-45 (NDB, 31 May,45-576) to ascertain that men ad-vanced t o petty-officer ratings are fullyqualified. They must have received therequired marks on written examina-tions, be thoroughly indoctrinated inall practical factors, and be of pettg-officer caliber in th at they demonstrateleadership, good judgment and ability

to assume responsibility.As the Navy is now nearing its max-

imum allowed enlisted strength, it isnecessary that only qualified men be *

rate d a s petty officers. In this way thepromotion of out standing men will notbe hindered and petty-officer jobs willbe available for those who are bestqualified to fill them.

Instances have come t o the atten-tion of BuPers, the letter states, wheremen have been advanced who were notfully qualified. While this si tuationhas been attributable primarily t o therapid expansion of the service, withthe corresponding advancement of in-

experienced personnel who were notgiven the opportunity to qualify fullydue to the urgent need of petty off-cers, it is also felt that some promo-tions have been effected mainly as areward far faithful service or becausethe minimum service in ra tin g require-ments have been met and without re-ga rd to the actual qualifications of theindividual.

Reenlistment Allowance

Based on Discharge RatingMen discharged from the Naval Re-

serve for reenlistment in the regular

Navy are paid reenlistment allowancebased on the rating they hold at timeof discharge even though such ratingis a temporary one. An article in lastmonth’s ALL HANDS (p. 78) incorrect-ly stated th at .the permanent rat ingdetermined the amount of the allow-ance.

71



New Weekly Shortwave Radio Program

Answers Questions of Men QverseasLast month the Navy Department

launched a new 15-minute radio pro-gram, “The Navy Reporter,” de-signed t o bring pertinent news andinformation to all hands in the Navy,Marine Corps and Coast Guard serv-

in g outside of the U. S. The program,which was conceived and planned bySecretary of the Navy Forrestal, isbeing broadcast each week over theshortwave facilities of the ArmedForces’ Radio Service.

In inaugurating the broadcast on 5June 1945 Mr. Forrestal invited allhands overseas to submit questions,the answers to which will be the basisof fu tu re broadcasts. “We’re not go-ing t o put any limit on the questions,’’Mr. Forrestal said. “The men can as kall the questions they want, on anysubject they want. But I know theywill understand that with the time

limit on the program, it can deal withonly the questions most imyyrtant tothe greatest number of men.

As the program is intended primar-ily for enlisted personnel, George T.Wendell, MoMMlc, USNR, has beendesignated as the Washington repre-sentative for enlisted men overseas.He will interview top-ranking officersof the naval service and other GOT-ernment agencies on those questionswhich seem to have the most wide-spread interest or application t o en-listed men’s problems.

Wendell, a veteran of Guadalcanaland wearer of the Purple Heart, wasreferred to by the late Secretary ofthe Navy, Frank Knox, as “this war’s‘fox holiest’ sailor,” after Wendell,disabled and awaiting evacuation t o arear base hospital, lived fo r 15 daysin a foxhole. During the days of si-lent films, Wendell was known as“Freckles” in “Our Gang” comedies.

The announcer and news reporteron the program is Paul Sullivan,RdMZc, USNR, who before joining theNavy was a well-known network news-caster and commentator.

Vice Admiral Randall Jacobs, uSN,

Chief of Naval Personnel, was inter-

viewed on the second program on thesubject of redeployment, demobiliza-tion, release and discharge as relatedto enlisted personnel. The third pro-gram featured Gen. A. A. Vandegrift,USMC, Commandant of the Marine

Corps, and Comdr. Jack Dempsey,UsCGR, discussed Coast Guard prob-lems on the fourth broadcast.

To have questions or problems airedon the programs, enlisted men are in-vited to write directly to “The NavyReporter,” Armed Forces’ Radio, LosAngeles, Calif.

The broadcast schedules (Alnavs117 and 121; NDB, 15 June, 45-617and 621), is as follows (times areEWT f o r Atlantic coast, PWT fo rPacific and F a r Eas t) :

Atlantic CoastENGLAND-EUROPE-MEDITER-

RANEAN-Each Tuesday

1445-1500: WBOS,1745-1800: WCBN, New York, 11,145 k cBoston. 15,210 k c

SOUTH ATLANTLC-AFRICAEach Tuesday

1315-1330:WLWL, Cincinnati, 15,230 and17,955 kc

GREENLANDICELAND-ENGLANDEach Tuesday

1815-1830: WBOS, Boston, 9,897 kc

Pacific Coast

Each Tuesday1545-1600 KROJ, San Francisco, 17,770k c215-2230 KROJ. San Francisco, 9,897 kc

ALASKA-ALEUTIANS-CHINA

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC-PHILIPPINES

Each Tuesday1815-1830 KROJ, an Francisco, 1 7 , 7 6 0 kc

2215-2230 KNBA, Dixon, Ohio, 13,050and15,150 kc

Each Wednesddy0245-0300 KGEI. San Francisco, 9,550 kc

OCEAN AREAEach Wednesday

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC-PACIFIC

0245-0300: KWIX , San Francisco, 9,855and 6,105 k c

PHILIPPINES-CHINA

Each Tuesday2115-2130: KWID, Sa n Francisco, 11,870

k c

ALL PACIFIC-CHINAEach Thursday

2015-2030 KRHO, Honolulu, 17,800 kc


SECRETARY of the Navy Forrestal i s interviewed by Paul Sullivan, RdMZc,

and George T, Wendell, MoMMlc, on first “Navy Reporler“ broadcast.

72I

Rules Eased for Shipping

Household Effects to Areas

Opened to Naval FamiliesBecause of a shortage of Govern-

ment shipping facilities in the Gulf,Caribbean and Panama Sea Frontiers,Mexico and Brazil, where families ofnaval personnel on duty are now per-mitted to establish residence, it has

not been possible f o r the Navy toauthorize them to ship their house-hold effects and automobiles. How-ever, the rules have been relaxed t opermit those who are traveling bycommercial airlines to ship 350pounds of personal effects and 200pounds for each dependent authorizedto travel at Government expense whogoes via commercial airlines. Only 50pounds were previously authorized.

This rule does not, however, applyto families of naval personnel servingwith U. S. Embassies o r naval mis-sions, since they are permitted to shiptheir household effects when estab-

lishing homes in the permitted areasabroad.

Fo r detail., see all-stat ion corn-munication 052221 dated 5 Jun e 1945and ALL HANDS, une 1945, p. 70 .

Eligibility I s Widened

For Honorable DischargeEnlisted personnel released from the

Navy may now receive an “HonorableDischarge” (NavPers 660) under cer-tain conditions which formerly wouldhave entitled them to a “DischargeUnder Honorable Conditions” (Nav-Pers 661).

The change was effected by Alnav130-45 (NDB, 1 5 June , 45-630) whichwa s issued in advance of approvedchanges in BuPers Manual.

To be eligible for an “HonorableDischarge,” personnel must have marksin proficiency in rating and conductof 3.0 and 3.25 respectively, and haveno convictions by GCM and not morethan one by SCM in the current en-listment.

Reasons fo r discharge for which the“Honorable Discharge” is now pos-sible : expiration of enlistment, con-venience of government, man’s ownconvenience, dependency existing prior

t o enlistment, dependency arising sinceenlistment, minors enlisted withoutconsent-under 18 a t time of dis-charge, under age of authorized en-listment, and medical survey o r formY, provided disability is not the resultof the individual’s o w n misconduct.

W‘here th e same reasons apply butmarks are below 3.0 in proficiency inrating and 3.25 in conduct, “DischargeUnder Honorable Conditions” will beissued as before.

The new instructions also providethat no “undesirable” discharge willbe executed without prior reference toBuPers with a full report of fa cts and

circumstances necessitating discharge.Enlisted personnel serving on ships, inmobile uni ts o r beyond the U. S. whenrecommended for an undesirable dis-charge will be transferred to t he near-es t U. s. receiving station to awaitRuPers action.

ALL HANVS



Uniform Rules Adopted

For AOL, A W O L Sentences

A SecNav order setting forth thepolicy of the Navy Department in re-gar d to trials for wartime offenses in-volving absences and desertion andmitigation of GCM (general courtmartial) sentences became effective 1

July 1945. The new order (NDB, 31May, 45-529) cancels and supersedesBuPers Manual, Art. D-9114 and Sec-Nav ltr. A17-11 (l)/A17-20, of 27 Nov.1944, and all other existing directivesin conflict with it.

Except in special circumstances, thepolicies are to be strictly adhered tofor uniformity. The reason for depar-tu re from policy must be stated byseparate letter attached to the recordof the case.

In general, the policies are :

Type of trial for first offenses:AOL less than 11 days: Mast or deck

AOL between 11 and 30 days: Sum-

AOL over 30 days : General court.

AWOL less than 1 day: Mast or deck

AWOL between 1 and 10 days: Sum-

AWOL over 10 days: General court.

DESERTION: All men AOL o rAWOL for more than 45 days will betried for desertion. The charge ofdesertion will be made in cases involv-ing less than 46 days if there is evi-dence of desertion other than length ofabsence, apprehension o r breaking ar-rest.

For second absence offense: (a) Of-fenders who for first absence offensehave been punished at mast o r convic-ted by deck court , will be tr ied by sum-mary court; (b) offenders who for thefirst absence offense have been con-victed by summary court will be triedby general court unless the second of-fense is absence less than 48 hours, inwhich event the type of court will bediscretionary but not less than a sum-mar y court.

Third offenders will be tried by gen-eral court unless the absence is lessthan 48 hours, in which event the typeof court will be discret ionary but not

less than a summary court.Only those punishments at mast and

Convictions that occurred in the twoyears preceding the current offense,but not those in a previous enlistmento r prior t o an extension of an enlist-ment, will be considered in determin-ing the type of court a n offender willreceive. (Men retained in th e servicebecause of the war-Alnav 155-41-ar e in fa ct serving in extension of en-listment.)

Reduction in ra ti ng of noncommis-sioned and pet ty officers by deck court sand summary courts martial for ab-sence offenses is considered appropri-

ate as part o r all of the punishment.MISSING SH IP OR MOBILE

UNIT: Where a man has missedthe sailing of hi6 ship or mobileunit, adequate disciplinary action ismandatory and, except under extenu-ating circumstances, trial by GCM is

JULY I945

court.

mary court.

court.

mary court.

considered appropriate, regardless oflength of absence.

In cases involving missing shipwhere the ship has moved from the pieror anchorage to another, o r has onlygone on a trial or post-repair run orlocal shakedown, or in similar cases,trial by GCM is discretionary.

An absentee from a ship or mobile

unit will be returned t o his ship orunit immediately for disciplinary ac-tion if the ship or unit is still avail-able and in the immediate vicinity. Ifthe ship o r unit is not available, dis-ciplinary action will be taken by thecommand concerned.

In all cases of desertion a plea ofnot guilty must be entered for the ac-cused; evidence will be taken, and ifthe accused does not desire to take thestand such fact must appear in therecord.

Where men ar e found guilty of AOLo r AWOL (as distinguished from de-sertion) convening authorities are to

reduce the par t of the sentence relat-ing to confinement so that it will be asfollows:

Absence Sentence

Up to 59 days 1 2 months

60 to 89 days 18 months

90 to 11 9 days 24 months

12 0 to 1 49 days 30 months

150 days and over 3 years

All men confined by sentence of aGCM may apply to the Naval Cle-mency Board for restoration to dutyon completion of one-third of theirsentence.

In GCM cases (including desertion,for which a sentence of at least threeyears plus the length of absence is ap-propriate), increases in the period ofconfinement over those set forth abovear e considered appropria te as follows:

1 month when the offender is ap-prehended or delivered t o naval juris-diction.

1month for each prior conviction by

deck or summary court martial, priorconvictions t o be considered in accord-ance with above.

2 months when offender missed shipor mobile unit.

3 months for each prior convictionby GCM.

I n all GCM tri als the accused willbe afforded counsel of his own choos-in g whenever practicable; if not prac-ticable, then competent counsel will beassigned to represent him, regardlessof the plea.

When a man on probation commitsan offense of sufficient gravity , theprobation will be terminated but no

further disciplinary action need betaken if serving out the remainingsentence of the first offense is consid-ered sufficient punishment. If not soconsidered, the offender will be triedby an appropriate court in order thata new sentence may be imposed.

The practice of carrying o u t sen-tences of dishonorable and bad conductdischarges which are to be effectedimmediately (no confinement to beserved) without recourse to the Bu-reau of Naval Personnel, Comman-dant, U. S. Marine Corps, or Com-mandant, U. S. Coast Guard, will bediscontinued.

NEW NAVY SONG BOOK-I 28 attract ive ly illustrated pages-is bei ng

distributed to Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard on a pro rata basis.

NEW N A V Y SONG BOOK OUTDistribution of the new United in cooperation with the Join t Army-

Sta tes Navy Song Book to Navy, Ma- Navy Committee on Welfare and Rec-rine Corps and Coast Guard uni ts on reation, the Music Division of the Li-a pro ra ta basis was begun last month. br ary of Congress, the Music Libr ary

The book, attractively illustrated As,sociation, the u. N a V Band andand modernly designed, contains 12 8 music Publishers.

pages of words and music of old A limited number of copies of thefavorites, sea chanteys, service songs, book (NavP ers 15047) are availablepatriotic numbers and humorous tunes. for official use. Requests to BuPersThe music is written in four-part ha r- (A tt : Special Services Division) willmony, and will serve also for use as be honored until the supply is ex-piano accompaniment. Ukulele and hausted. Because of copyright rest ric-gu it ar chords ar e given. tions, the book is not available for

personal non-military use or purchase.

73

The book was compiled by BuPers



. , . . . .., , ,I ’- -

Only Men in Limited ListOf Ratings Are Eligible

For Aircrewman DesignatorWith personnel in the following rat-

ings only declared eligible for thecombat aircrewmen designator (CA)-ARM, AMM, AMMF, AOM, PhoM,Slc, S ~ C ,nd strikers for ARM,

AMM, AOM and PhoM ratings-per-sonnel in sthe r ratings are due to losetheir (CA) designator under provi-sions of BuPers, Circ. Ltr. 164-45(NDB, 15 June, 45-653).

However, in individual cases whereCOS consider th at the best interests ofthe Navy would be better served by achange in rating to one of those forwhich the (CA) is approved, they areauthorized to hold in abeyance for aperiod not to exceed 90 days the can-cellation of the (CA) t o allow timef o r consideration of requests for achange in rating by BuPers or otherappropriate authority.

In the futur e the (CA) designatorwill be assigned only to enlisted menin the permitted ratings who arequalified combat aircrew graduates ofoperational training units under thecommand of the Chief of Naval AirTraining, o r such other units as maybe designated by BuPers.

Whenever a combat aircrewmandesignator is assigned to a man, anentry is to be made in his service rec-ord, a s well a s information to indicatethe type of plane in which he is cur-rently best qualified t o serve. Thisinformation is t o be kept up to dateif he becomes better qualified in an-

other type of aircraft.The directive also provides that a

board of three officers, including onemedical officer, is t o review recom-mendations fo r cancelation of (CA)designators for the following reasons:

10 When the man is no longer physi-cally o r psychologically qualified forcombat aircrewman duties.

0 When he no longer desires assign-.ment to combat aircrew training orduties, and such statement is signedby him and entered in his record.

When an aggravated disciplinaryoffense indicates that he is unsuitable

fo r assignment to combat aircrew du-ties. Removal of the (CA) is not tobe used as a disciplinary measure.* When because of special tra ining o rability the man’s value t o the Navybecomes greater in a billet other thantha t of combat aircrewman. In suchcases, the C O is t o give full consider-ation to the man’s desire to continueor discontinue his combat aircrewmanstatus, involving retention o r revoca-tion of the (CA) designator.

a When the man is no longer consid-ered competent for the performanceof combat aircrew duties.

Whenever the (CA) designator is

canceled the reason for the action ist o be entered in the man’s record.COS are also authorized by the let-

t e r to take action to cancel the (CA)designator for enlisted personnel whoar e not volunteers for combat aircrewduties, and for those who are notphysically qualified in accordance with

74I

the requirements set forth in BuPersCirc. Ltrs. 147-42 (corrected) (NDB,cum. ed., 1943, 42-899) and 291-44-(NDB, July-Dec., 44-1139) with rea-sonable allowance to be made to theextent that minor physical disqualifi-cation may be compensated by the ex-perience as a combat aircrewmanwhich the mah may have had, and inaccordance with BuMed Manual, par.

1404, sections ( c ) and (d).Combat aircrew enlisted personnel

returning from fleet commands are toretain the (CA) designator only un-der the following circumstances:

When assigned directly to formingor reforming squadrons within fleetcommands o r to activities having es-tablished combat aircrew billets.

When transferred to reclassificationcenters for screening prior to final de-termination as to current status.

When assigned o r awaiting assign-ment to combat aircrew training un-der the Chief of Naval Air Training

(includes refresher trainees, or re-cently trained aircrewmen).

Voluntary withdrawal from anyphase of the combat aircrew trainingprogram will be taken as evidence ofa non-volunteer status and shall because for immediate cancellation ofthe (CA) designator.

Any man who is a qualified combataircrewman and who volunteers andwishes to get back into combat air-crew duty can expect to be returnedto such duty as soon as needed, as thedirective states that personnel desig-nated (CAI- who are not in combataircrew billets will be returned to thatduty or training as expeditiously aspracticable.

Former csmbat aircrewmen are tobe given first priority in filling as-signed quotas for combat aircrewtraining, and when such quotas are notcurrently assigned, requests from for-mer combat aircrewmen are to be for-warded to BuPers with a statement ofthe man’s physical qualifications.

Authority to wear the combat air-

crew insignia does not constitute au-thority to affix the (ca) designator.

VOTING INFORMATION

In order to fill a vacancy in theHouse of Representatives a specialprimary election will be held in the24th Congressional District of Illinois(comprising the counties : Clay, Ed-wards, Hardin, Gallatin, Hamilton,Johnson, Massac, Pope, Saline, Wayne

and White) on 31 July 1945.The latest available information onelections at which servicemen will bepermitted t o vote by state absenteeballot is as follows:

GEORGIAA gefieral statewi de election to ra tify or

reject a proposed new s ta te constitutionwill be held on 7 AUZ.1 9 4 5 . Eligible ser-vicemen ( 1 8 years of ag e as of 7 Aug.1 9 4 5 , or over) may vote by a special ab-sentee military ballot. Absentee civiliansmay vote only through regular absenteeballoting procedure. Pos tcar d applicationfor ballot, USWBC Form No. 1, wil! beaccepted by election officials at any time.Ballots on the proposed state constitutionwill be mailed as soon as available. The

executed ballot must be received by elec-tion officials by 7 Aug. 1 9 4 5 .

ILLINOISA special primary election will be held

in the 24th Congregational District of Illi-nois on 3 1 July 1 9 4 5 to All a vacancy oc-curri ne in t h e House of Rewesentatives.Eligibik servicemen, members of the mer-chant marine and certain attached civil-ian s ma y vote in the above election. Post-card applications for ballots will be ac-cepted from servicemen for this electionand will probably be accepted from mem-bers of the merchant marine and fromcert ain attach ed civilians. Applications forballots for this soecial Drimarv election_.

will be accepted a< any time. Ballots willbe mailed about 1 6 June 1 9 4 5 and .ex-ecuted ballots must reach election officials

not later than 31 July in order to becounted. IN APPLYING FOR A BALLOTFOR TH IS ELECTION B E SURE TO IN-DICATE CHOICE O F PARTY.

MICHIGANA municipal primary election will be

held in the City of De troit on 7 pug. 1 9 4 5 .Candidates t o be chosen at this electionwill be: Mayor, City Clerk, City Treas-

urer , Councilmen, and Constables. Eligibleservicemen, members of th e merc han t ma-rine, and certain attached civilians mayvote in this primary election. Postcardapplications for ballots (USWBC FormNo. 1 ) will be accepted at any time. Inorder to be counted, executed ballots m ustbe received by local election officials on7 Aug. 1 9 4 5 . Inasmuch as the primaryelection is a non-partisan election, it will

not be necessary for servicemen to All inItem 6 (choice of p ar ty) on USWBC Fo rmNo. 1.

OHIOA pr imaw election will be held in most

cities throughout the State on 3 1 July1 9 4 5 . Candidates to be chosen at thiselection will be municipa l officersfo r citiesand villages.

Eligible servicemen, members of t hemerchant marine and certain attachedcivilians may vote in this primary election.Postcard applications for ballots will beaccepted from servicemen and from mem-bers of the merchant marine and certainattached civilians. Relatives may also aP-ply f o r ballots to be mailed to servicemen.Applications for ballots will be accepted atan y time. Executed ballots mu st be re-ceived by local election officials on 31 July

1 9 4 5 to be counted. Ballots ma y bemarked with pen, pencil or any other writ-ing instrument. IN APPLYING FOR A

DICATE CHOICE O F PARTY (Item No.6 on the postcard).

PRIMARY BALLOT BE SURE TO IN -

VI RGl NlAA Democratic primary election will be

held throughout the State on 7 Aug. 1 9 4 5 .Candidates to be chosen at this primarywill be : Governor, Lt. Governor, AttorneyGeneral Members of th e House of Dele-gates, i n d cer tain local officers.

Eligible servicemen may vote in thisDemocratic prim ary election. Merchantmarine and attached civilians serving withth e armed forces will not be permitted tovote under the special absentee yoting pro-cedure recently enacted by Virginia. Pos t-card applications for ballots (USWBCForm No. 1) will be accepted from ger-vicemen and will be received at any time.Relatives may also apply for ballots to bemailed to servicemen. Executed ballotsmus t be received by election officials by 4August in order to be counted. IN AP-PLYING FOR ANY PRIMARY BALLOTBE SURE TO INDICATE CHOICE O FPARTY (Item No. 6 on postcard).

A f t KANbS

..



New System to Speed Up

Magazine DistributionA sharp reduction in the elapsed

time between publication date and datesof receipt of magazines aboard shipand at overseas bases will result froma new distribution plan devised by theNavy Department in cooperation with

the Commander Western Sea Frontier,Commander Service Force, PacificFleet, and Commander Service Force,7th Fleet.

Under this plan the Navy will buythe overseas editions of a wide varietyof magazines and will distribute themweely by mail. In addition the Navywill purchase 295,000 copies monthlyof 55 other magazines which do nothave overseas editions. While the over-seas editions will be distributed free,the others will be pu t on sale at everyshore station and on every ship in theforward a reas with more than 30 men,giving Navy, Marine and Coast Guard

personnel the reading choice they haveat their home newsstands.

The new plan was devised to offsetthe recent regulation restricting themailing of newspapers and magazinesto Navy personnel overseas. Becauseof the Navy’s overburdening problemof forwarding second-class mail, postoffices, beginning 1 July, will acceptonly publications th at are requested inwriting by the addressee. The sameregulations have been in effect for theArmy since 1943.

By accepting bulk packages insteqdof individual subscriptions there willbe a considerable reduction in the

1 4 million newspapers and magazinesmailed individually each month t oNavy men overseas. The packagesassembled in New York and mailed asofficial documents to the Fleet PostOffice, San Francisco, will receivefaster handling and will be dispatcheddirectly to ship and shore stations duet o the elimination of directory servicewhich must be given t o mail addressedto specific individuals.

Each of the packages of overseaseditions will contain a variety ofweekly magazines and the monthlymagazines published during the par-ticular week precedinp shipment. Since

different monthlies have different pub-lication dates during each month, theweekly packages will vary in content.

In order to make this plan effectiveas soon as possible, the magazine kitsof overseas editions designed and al-ready being packaged by the Army a rebeing obtained. Therefore some maga-zines will bear inscriptions that theyare being distributed by the ArmyService Forces. Others, especiallycomics, will have titles peculiar to theArmy, and still others, such as theInfantry Journal, are of primary in-teres t to the Army. As the programis fu rth er developed, it is expected t ha tthese discrepancies will be corrected.Comment is solicited on the titles andquantities of magazines in each pack-age.

The second par t qf the new program,calling - f o F F p i & n e n t , packagingand distribution of magazines which

JULY 1945

do not have overseas editions is beingdeveloped and if distribution of theseregular editions proves successful, theassortment will be continually in-creased.

Overseas editions to be distributedunder the new plan are:

Coronet, Cosmopolitan, Country Gen-tleman, Detective Story, Down Beat,

Ellery Queen Mystery, Esquire, Fly-ing, G. I. Comics, Hit Kit, Inside De-tective, Jeep Comics, Life, Look, Mc-Graw Hill Overseas Digest, MilitaryDigest, Modern Screen, New Yorker,Newsweek, Omnibook, Outdoor Life,Overseas Comics, Pic, Popular Me-chanics, Popular Photography, Popu-lar Science, Readers Digest, SaturdayEvening Post, Sporting News, Timeand Western Story. A project is un-derway t o distribute Time and News-week by air and if it proves success-ful they will be eliminated from thismailing list.

Certain magazines which do no t

publish overseas editions will be soldthrough ship’s stores. The list in-cludes :

Liberty, Army & Navy Journal,Army & Navy Register, Collier’s,American, Red Book, Movie Story,Screen Guide, Photoplay, Spor ts

Afield, Movieland, Movies, Screenland,Ring, Field & Stream, U. S. Camera,Minicam, Newspic, Negro Digest,Navy Pictorial News, Laff , Police Ga-zette, Captain Marvel Adventures,Action Comics, Whiz, Detective Comics,Official Detective, Blue Book, FeatureComics, Military Comics, . SupermanComics, Batman Comics, Target Com-

ics, Police Comics, Sensation Comics,Star Western, Flash Comics, Argasy,Adventure, Dime Detective, DimeWestern, Master Detective and TrueDetective.

Additional copies of ALLHANDSwillalso be included for sale in ship’s storesto those men who desire to have a per-sonal copy of the magazine.

Honorable Dischargees

May Wear Uniforms Only

Until Arrival a t Home

Contrary to current belief that theuniform may be worn for 90 days

after honorable discharge from theNavy, even though the dischargedperson reaches home before the ex-piration of that period, BuPers Circ.Ltr. 150-45 (NDB, 31 May, 45-574)points out that it may be worn onlyuntil the serviceman o r woman reacheshome.

In clarifying the provision of the“Protection of the Uniform Act” (Title10, USC, Sec. 1393) which providesthat an honorably discharged personmay wear his uniform from the placeof discharge to his home “within threemonths’’ aft er the date of discharge,the Judge Advocate General has heldthat the uniform may not be wornafter arrival home, even though thethree-months period has not expired.

It may, however, be worn on ap-propria te occasions of ceremony, atdrills or when performing authorizedtraining duties.



- HE BULLETIN 804198

MONTH’S ALNAVS IN BRIEFNo. 103-Calls fo r .submission of

estimates of all unobligated welfareand recreation funds.

No. 102-Discontinues submission oftriplicate of page nine f o r enlistedpersonnel transferred.

No. 103-Directs th at Navy andcivilian personnel traveling under cog-nizance of Navy to or through In-dia o r stationed there be inoculated

No. 104-Relates t o customs exam-ination of parcel post packages (seep. 77).

No. 105-Modifies Marine Corps Itr .of instr. No. 810, para. 14 (D) , o pro-vide that enlisted personnel applymgfor flight training must be Pfc. o rabove with no specified service re-

. against cholera.

quirement.No. 106-Calls attention to BuShips

Manual, Art. 51-255 (4), which pro-

hibits use of refractory coatings forboiler furnace brickwork.

No. 107-Limits claims fo r reim-bursement of travel for dependents.

No. 108-Deals with closing of payrecords.

No. 109-Provides th at disbursingofficers of NTCs, midshipmen schoolsand NASs may continue in use payrecords opened between 21 and 30June inclusive for men first enlisting,reporting for active duty from civillife, appointed midshipmen or commis-sioned between dates mentioned above.

No. 110-States that kapok stock

piles will be exhausted by end of 1945;urges more careful use of l ife pre-servers and requests that reclaimablepads and worn-out preservers be re-turned to continental supply depotsfor reprocessing.

No. 111-Changes dates fo r filingpages 7 and 8 of beneficiary slips,NavPers 601, to 1 July and 1 January.

No. 112-Announces appointment tonext higher grade, to rank from 1Ju ne 1945, of regular and resellreNavy Nurse Corps lieutenants (ju niorgrade) whose present rank occurred 1Aug. 1944 or earlier and who reportedfor continuous active duty as ensigns

1-30 Nov. 1942 inclusive, and those en-signs who reported for continuous ac-tive duty as ensigns 2 Jan.-1 Feb. 1944inclusive.

No. 113-Deals with personnel al-lowance and complements (see page00).

No. 114-Deals with changes in pro-motion of enlisted personnel (see p.69).

No. 115-Announces appointment tonext higher grade, to rank from 1Ju ne 1945, of those lieutenants (jun-i o r grade) and ensigns, line and staffcorps, on active list of regular Navywhose dates of rank are within period

2 Jan.-1 Feb. 1944 inclusive, and thoselieutenants (junior grade) and en-signs, line and staff corps, of NavalReserve and Women’s Reserve whosedates of commencement of continuousactive duty in their respective ranksare within the same period.

No. 116-Announces appointment tochief warrant rank for temporary

76

service, to rank from 1 June 1945, ofthose wa rra nt officers on active list ofregular Navy whose dates of rank arewithin the period 2 Jan.-1 Feb. 1944inclusive, and those warrant officers ofNaval Reserve whose -dates of com-

mencement of continuous active dutyare within same period.

No. 117-Announces new weeklyNavy radio program (see p. 72).

No. 118-States th at severe housingshortage exists in vicinity of all navalshore establishments, and urges thatpersonnel make arrangements forhousing before bringing families tonew duty stations.

No. 119-States th at Marine Corpsdisbursing officers will honor rentalclaims on NAVMC 729, signed by of-ficer concerned, when no certificationis available from CO of l ast s tationthat the officer did not occupy publicquarters for period of claim.

No. 120-Establishes Navy, Mar ineCorps and Coast Guard procedure forreporting casualties (see p. 24).

No. 121-Corrects Alnav 117-45,above.

No. 122-Modifies Alnav 113-45(above) to provide tha t allowanceswill be basis for personnel distribu-tion and for controlling enlisted ad-vancements.

(Alnav 55-45: NDB, 31 March, 45-282).

No. 126-Announces increase insubsistence allowance (see p. 67).

No. 127-Limits eligibility fo r flighttraining under BuPers Circ. Ltr.138-44 (NDB, Jan.-June, 44-573) t oSIC (and above) o r equivalent, Navyo r Naval Reserve, between 20 and 27

years of age or pet ty officers 18 to 27;also provides that all unmarried sea-men (AS, S2e, Slc ) on active dutywho will not have reached their 20thbirthday by 1 Nov. 1945 may nowapply for newly established NavalAviation Preparatory Program (seep. 69).

No. 128--Cancels, as of 11 June1945, Alnav 67-45 (NDB, 15 April, 45-352) which authorized COS of activi-ties at which BOQs are available tomodify per diem temporary duty o rTAD orders t o eliminate $3.00 subsist-ence if in opinion of CO messing facili-ties ar e adequate and per diem unwar-

ranted.No. 129-Contains rules on wear ing

of area ribbons (see p. 79).

No. 130-Deals with issuance of dis-charge certificates (see p. 72).

No. 131-Continues fo r 1946 fiscalyear, beginning 1 July, the same ra-tion values as in 1945; commuted andleave rations, 6‘5e; hospital ration,SOP ; and midshipmen ration, 85e.

No. 132-States that stock No. S1-No. 123-Extends per diem provi-..sions of Bupers circ. Ltr. Z34-43 -.1945 serum albumin human as manu-

(NDB. cum ed., to of - factured bv Eli Lillv. lot No. 33010211

ficers serving with naval commands.

No. 124-Directs disbursing officerst o submit to BuPers (At t: Pers 822)one additional copy of al l vouchers fo rincreased allowances, BuS&A form531, beginning 1 July 1945.

No. 125-Announces postponementof, and cancels requests fo r applicantsfor, postgraduate course in logistics

PROMOTIONS BY ALNAVA total of 7,835 officers were

made eligible for promotlon to nexthigher rank by Alnavs Nos. 112,115 and 116, briefed on this page.The breakdown:

N a v a l R e s e y v e (includingWomen’s Reserve): 1,826 t o lieu-tenant, 4,030 to lieutenant (juniorgrade) and 307 to commissionedwarrant officer.

Regulw Navy: 350 to lieutenant,394 to lieutenant (junior grade)and 523 to commissioned warrantofficer.

Nurse C o w s (Naval Reserve) :53 t o lieutttnant and 339 to lieuten-ant (jumor grade) ; (RegularNavy) : 13 to lieutenant (juniorgrade).

In addition to these promotions,the promotions, effective 15 June,

of 828 commissioned warrant of-ficers, warrant officers and enlistedmen t o commissioned and warrantranks are contained in BuPersCirc. Ltr. 166-45 (NDB, 15 June,Supp.). A complete list of th enames of those promoted is con-tained in the letter.

and 33010iB a re corkaminated and areto be destroyed.

No. 133-Specifies th at no requestsfor flight training submitted after 1Aug. 1945 by officers of the NavalAcademy, class of 1943, will be con-sidered by BuPers.

No. 134-Provides th at transporta-tion of enlisted Marine guards forGCM prisoners is to be charged toGeneral Expense Marine Cor s appro-priation and Navy gua rds to $ay Sub-sistence and Transportation Navy ap-propriation.

No. 135-Announces t h a t Frenchcurrency in denominations of 50, 100,500, 1,000 and 5,000 franc notes issued

by Bank of France and the supple-mental F r e n c h currency (Tri-ColorSeries) of same denominations issuedf o r use of AEF c e a s e d to be legaltender on 4 June 1945, and st ates pro-cedure for effecting exchange.

No. 136-Announces procedure tobe followed where Navy pay recordscannot be renewed on 1 July becauseinsufficient blank pay records are notavailable.

No. 137-Contains instruct ions onpay records of Navy personnel whoare being separated from active ser-vice.

No. 138-Changes name of Office ofPublic Relations to Office of PublicInformation (short title: PUBIN FO)and head of office to Director of PublicInformation; Marine Corps Divisionof Public Relations becomes Divisionof Public Information, and CoastGuard Public Relations office becomesInformation Office.

ALC HANOS



vy Insignia Approved

r W ar CorrespondentsInsignia for accredited war corres-

retary of the Navy. The cap de-officer's in-

"C" superimpwedeld. The same ornament, insize, has been authorized for

e garrison cap. The collar device isa lie2tenant com-

C" superim-d on the gold leaf. The shoulder

e to be treated as commissioned

Itr. of 29 May 194531 May, 45-528).

to Wea r Wings

de Probationary

12-Month PeriodWearing of all naval aviation in-

a 12 -

t o war-to commissioned of-

the probationary periodson is separated from duty in-

o r her right to wear

In accordance with provisions of165-45 (NDB, 15

45-654) the right to wear wings

t o personnel who

se of breaches of flight regula tionsair discipline or by reason of re-

t o fly, malingering or discontent.t o wear aviation in-

not permitted to wear wings untilor she is returned t o

o r is again au-t o wear the insignia by the

Answers +o Quiz on Page 75

3: ib): ~ ' 5. ( d ) .

Customs to Examine AllPackages from Overseas

Because personnel overseas havemailed packages containing Govern-ment property, captured enemy equip-ment, or articles similar t o Govern-ment property without enclosing theproper authorization. SecNav haspointed out in Alnav 104-45 (NDB, 31

May, 45-000) that instructions cover-ing such matters (ALL HANDS,April1945, p. 74) include parcel post pack-ages.

All packages are examined by cus-toms officials in the States, Pearl Har-bor o r a t such other places wherenecessary to enforce the ruling. Cen-soring officers will be held responsiblefor packages which they pass andwhich are later found to contain pro-hibited articles.

Personnel who send or bring homecaptured enemy equipment as souve-nirs or anything which looks l ike Gov-ernment property must enclose a cer-

tificate signed by their C O o r his des-ignated representative saying thatthey are authorized to mail o r havein their possession such articles.

Ordnance Souvenirs Must

Be Certified as 'Safe'Deaths and serious injuries result-

in g from the handling of ordnancesouvenirs shipped, mailed o r broughtback to the States by naval personnelin direct violation of Navy s afe ty reg-ulations has brought action by C N O toprevent fpture accidents of this kind.

In a letter addressed to all shipsand stations dated 1 June 1945 (NDB,15 June, 45-635), CNO directed thatordnance items must be certified bybomb-disposal, mine-disposal or otherqualified ordnance personnel to be en-tirely free from explosives o r com-bustibles prior to release of such itemsas souvenirs for transport to the U. S.

If souvenirs containing (or designedto contain) explosives or combustiblesare brought t o the attention of navalauthorities in the continental UnitedStates, they may cooperate with localcivilian authorities by making avail-able the services of qualified ordnance

personnel to assist in the disposal ofsuch souvenirs. They are not, how-ever, authorized t o break down andrender s afe any civilian owned souven-irs except when absolutely necessaryfor disposal, research or intelligencepurposes. Nor are naval personnel per-mitted to certify civilian-owned sou-venirs as safe.

When sending or transporting to theStates captured enemy equipment,Government property o r items similarto Government property, personnelmust enclose in the package o r havein their possession for presentation tothe customs officials a certificate signed

by their CO saying that they are au-thorized to keep such souvenirs astheir own property. (For additionaldetails see "How to Keep Out ofTrouble in Bringing o r Sending HomeGovernment Property," ALL HANDS,April 1945, p. 74.)

Bo'sun's PipeThe most ancient and distinctive nauti-

cal sound effect i s the boatswain's pipe,

tradi t ional ly played on the boatswain's

call. In the days of antiqui ty, gal ley

slaves of Greece and

Rome k ept stroke t o

a pipe or flute. Api pe was used in the

Crusade of 1248 t ocall English cross

bowmen on deck t o

attack. The English

used it in the 15th

century as a badge

of office or mar k ofhonor. The Lord

Hig h Admiral carr ied

a gold pipe on a

chain around hisneck, and a silver one was used by high

commanders. The present fo rm of t he

boatswain's instrument, properly termed a

"call," was ad op te d sometime duri ng th e

16th century in commemoration of the

defeat of the Scotch pirate, Andrew Bar-

ton, by Lord Howard. Howar d took the

call from Barton's body and when he be-

came Lord H ig h Admiral he of f ic ia l ly

adopted it. The call was used fo r salutes

t o distinguished guests as well as fo r

passing orders. The ol d instruction s read

tha t o n most occasions it was t o be blown

"three several times." He nr y V l l l f ixed

the weight of a standard call at 12 " oms"

of gold, an oon be ing the original ounce.

Reservation and Billeting

Bureaus Opened in 13th ND

Army-Navy reservation and billet-ing bureaus to assist service personnelin securing hotel reservations and inlocating rooms, apartments o r homesfor permanent housing have been es-tablished in the 13th Naval District atSeattle, Wash., and Portland, Oreg.Establishment of the bureaus was an-nounced in a letter dated 15 May 1945from Com 1 3 t o all activities in thatcommand.

The Seat tle bureau is located at 406University street ; telephone SEneca4352 o r ELliot 1570, and the Portlandbureau is in the Portland Hotel, 721S. W.-6th St.; telephone BRoadway

0488.The bureaus are open from 0800 to2400 daily and from 0900 t o 2400 onSundays. Priority on hotel reserva-tions will be given those traveling onofficial business, returning from or en-route overseas and to those on leaveor furlough.

Announcement was made previouslyt o the establishment of similar bureausin Boston, Chicago, New York, SanFrancisco, Washington, D. C ., andPhiladelphia. (ALLHANDS,Feb. 1945,p. 77 and May 1945, p. 7 7 ) .

News Broadcast Dropped

As the news coverage provided bythe Armed Forces Radio Service isdeemed sufficient for units of the At-lantic fleet, the Navy news summaryformerly broadcast nightly by RadioWashington has been discontinued,CNO recently announced.

U4 Y 1945 77



TRAINING COURSE NOTESA complete list of the enlisted train -

ing courses, NavPers 10,000 series,available on 1 June appears below.As additional books become available,announcement will be made in subse-quent issues of ALL HANDS.

Progress tests and examinationshave not been written t o accompany

the advancement - in - rating coursespublished in 1944 and 1945 (asteriskindicates volumes which do no t haveprogress test and examination books).However, suggested questions are in-cluded in the new manuals for the op-tional use of t he tr ain ing officer.Where P T&E s ar e still available andin use, proper security measuresshould be observed; the books are tobe handled by officer personnel only,and kept in a locked container whenno t in use.

The titles listed will be furnishedupon receipt of a request from the COor tra ini ng officer of a naval activi ty

by:(1)Training Activity, Bureau ofNaval Personnel, Washington25 , D. C.

(2 ) The Director of Training, i l t hNaval District, Educational Of-fice, San Diego 30, Calif.

(3 ) The Director of Training, Edu-cational Office, Navy Number128, FPO, San Francisco.

Training courses should be orderedfrom the address above which is near-est your ship or station.

Zititial d i s t r i bu t i ons . To insurethat copies of the new rating man-uals reach all ships without delay, Bu-Pers’ Training Activity forwards ashipment to each vessel according tothe number of men in that rat ing al-lowed in the complement. To date,dist ributions have been made of TM3c& 2 c ; FCZc, Vols. I & I1 (two addi-tional volumes will be furnished lat er ) ;RdMZc, SoM3c & ZC, and CPhM. Dur-ing the next month, four more 1945editions are scheduled for shipment:SK3c & 2c, NavPers 10409; Prtr3c &2c, NavPers 10423; SC3c & Zc, Nav-Pers 10505; GMZc, Vols. I & 11, Nav-Pers lOOllA and 10011B.

In addition to the advancement-in-rating manuals, three Basic Navy

Tra ining Courses-Use of Blueprints,Electricity , and Use of Tools-havealso been issued automatically to theC O of each vessel according t o itsartificer rat ing complement. They ar edesigned for the use of enlisted menwhose duties requ’ire a knowledge ofthe subjects covered. A fourth basic

Typical covers (above) of basic Navytraining courses, which are listed atright,

78

book, Mathematics, NavPers 10620,will be distributed to all ships in thenear future.

A copy of the new AdvancementExaminations Book I, NavPers 16891,(Confidential), is now on the way t othe C O of each ship and station. BookI, covering final examination questions

for the seaman, special and commis-sar y branches of the naval service hasbeen prepared as a n aid and guide forexamining boards, who a re responsiblefor determining, by technical examina-tions, the competency of an enlistedman for advancement in rating. De-tailed instructions for the use of Nav-Pers 16891 will be found in the bookitself.

A second volume in the series, Book11,Artificer Ratings-Advancement Ex-aminations, NavPers 16892, will bemailed to all ships and stations thismonth.

Distribution of Book .III, Advance-ment Examinations, Aviation RatingsNavPers 16893, will be made to avia-tion activities only. This book will re-place the Fall Quarter 1944 Confiden-tial Aviation Examinations, NavPers16890.

The list of t raining courses avail-able on 1 June follows:

S l e GTC for Nonrated Men *BM le f CBM GTC for PO lc & CPO *BM2 e GTC for PO3c & 2c *co xGMle & CUM Shorthand Textboo i;*GMZc Shorthand Workbook *GM3e Advanced Shorthand *T M l e & GTM Typewn ting Manual *TM3e & 2e 3,000 Navy Terms in Gregg Short-Q M lc & CQM hand *n w 7 ~iM 3c Diesel EnginesS M lc & CSM Gyrocompasses *SMZe Use of Blueprints *SM3e Electrieity *F Clc & CRC Use of Hand Tools *RCZc, Vol. I * Training Officer’s Guide *FC2e, Vol. I1 *R r ? ?

Program ot Enlisted Training *- -_”

Enlisted Men’s Guide to AviationE M l e & CEM Ratings *EM2c Educati onal Officer’s Guide t o Avix-EN3 c tion Ratines *RM le & CRMRM2eRM3eRdM2e (Confi-

dential) *

Question s Aireraft Cornmurkations *Answersfidential) * Advanced Wwk in Aircraft Elee-

Advanced Work in Aireraft Rad io *SoM2e &3c(COn- Aircraft Electneal Systems *

MMle & CMM Aircraft Meta ls *MM2c Aircraft Weldin g *JvfoMM2c Aircraft Metal Work *WTlc & CWT Airplane Structures *WT2c Aircraft Hydraulic Equipment *R l c & 2e Aircraft Instruments *

Aircraft Engines *Y l c & CY Aircraft Fuel Systems *Y2c Aircraft Propellers *Y3c Aircraft Armament *S K l e & CSK Aircraft Fire Control *SKZC Aircraft Munitions *SK3c Parachutes *CPhM Aerology I *PhMle Aerology I1 *PhMZe Photography I *PhM3c & HA

ccs SP ( V ) QuestionsSC2C & l eSC3CBkr ratingsCooks &StewardsStewards’ Branch

tncity *

Photogrwhy I1 *Transport Airmen ( S p ( V ) )

Sp (V) nswers

(Messman) * * indicates courses which do nothave progress test and examinationbooks.

Official U. S. Navy photaoraphr

TWO SECTIONS are lashed fogetherand flap turned down.

New, Two-Piece Sea BagT o Be Issued to Recruits

A new type of sea bag known asthe “clothes-bedding bag” has been de-veloped by BuShips and eventuallywill replace the sea bag-hammockcombination which has been in usethroughout the Navy fo r many years.For the present, however, the clothes-bedding bag will be issued only torecruits.

The new bag is constructed in two

sections and is large enough to hold aman’s standard outfit of personalequipment including all items of cloth-ing, bedding and miscellaneous gear.(Since mattresses are carried insidethe new bag, hammocks will not berequired for transportation of bed-ding.)

When required solely for stowageof clothing, only one pa rt of the bagneed be used; the other half can bestowed in the bottom.

Travel by Air on Orders

Limited to Urgent TripsAll orders for air travel via NATS,

ATC or commercial lines must notonly contain justification fo r suchtravel but must state whether it is“directed” o r “authorized,” accordingto BuPers Circ. Ltr. 154-45 (NDB, 31May, 45-578).

Order-writing commands also willissue enough additional copies so thata certified one may be delivered t oNATS, ATC or the commercial lineupon boarding the plane at the begin-ning of a journey and upon resumingtravel a ft er each required stop-over.

So air facilities may be available forurgent traffic, all unnecessary airtravel must be curtailed, according t o

the letter.Consequently, the letter directs thatall commands authorized t o issue airtravel orders screen carefully all re-quests for air travel, and authorize ordirect it only when the urgency of themission clearly requires it.

ALL HANOS



Temporary Duty N o Longer

Merits Campaign RibbonNaval personnel engaged exclusively

on t emporary o r tempo rary addit ionald u t y on and afte r 1 July 1945, will notbe eligible for an a rea campaign medalunless the duties performed in thearea are considered by the area com-mander to have materially contributedto the progress of the campaign.

Under this policy, outlined in Alnav129-45 (NDB, 15 June, 45-629), appli-cations fo r approval of area campaignmedals and wearing of ribbons fortemporary o r temporary additionalduty which ar e addressed to the Chiefof Naval Personnel or the Command-ant, Marine Corps, for service after 1July 1945, must show the properqualification by endorsement on ordersor by accompanying statement beforefavorable action can be taken.

Area commanders are authorized todelegate the authority t o make suchendorsement or statement to officerswho have been delegated authority t o

award medals.Alnav No. 129 also directs attention

o SecNav ltr. to all commandants andall bureaus and offices, Navy Depart-

6 March 1943, which re-uired that in cases where the perma-ent duty station is within the eonti-ental United States, officers who by

f orders to temporary addi-

le for one or more of the three areaampaign medals will, prior t o wear-

or ribbons, obtain ap-

proval from Chief of Naval Personnelor Commandant, Marine Corps.

Personnel now wearing such ribbonsbelieved justified by t e m por ar y du t ybut f o r which written approval has notbeen obtained from the Chief of NavalPersonnel will discontinue wearingsuch ribbons until the approval isobtained. Applications fo r approvalshould be accompanied by copies oforders and endorsements and a sub-

stantiating statement of dates of en-try into and depzrture from the areaconcerned.

In cases based solely upon participa-tion in combat a full statement of thebasis of the applicant’s grounds f o religibility must be included. In casesof temporary duty after 1 July 1945,the endorsement o r statement pre-viously referred to must be included.

The Alnav does not apply t o person-nel who are entitled to a rea campaignribbons for having spent the requiredperiod of time within the area on per-manent duty.

Dates of lewish Holv DavsAnnounceb to the Sirvice’Announcement has been made to the

service in BuPers Circ. Ltr. 148-45(NDB, 31 May, 45-572). of the calen-dar dates of the Jewish High HolyDays. New Year (Rosh Hashanah)begins at sundown on 7 Sept. 1945 andcontinues until sundown on 9 Septem-ber, and the Day of Atonement (YomKippur) begins at sundown on 16 Sep-tember and continues until sundownon 17 September.

Off-Duty Jobs Require

Prior BuPers Approval_ _Because of the necessity of utiIizing

Navy manpower to the fullest extent,BuPers has reiterated its policy ofnot permitting servicemen and womento engage in non-naval activities orprivate enterprises when o f f dutywithout first having obtained BuPersapproval.

As stated in a letter dated 26 April1945 from the Chief of Nava l Per-sonnel to commandants of all navaldistricts and river commands andchiefs of air training commands, per-sonnel are expected to devote theirfull attention to naval duties, whichit is fe lt cannot be, performed ef-ficiently if they engage in civilian em-ployment when off duty.

It has, however, been the policy ofBuPers to permit personnel to acceptcivilian employment in times of publicemergency, providing their employ-ment in no way interferes with their

naval duties o r with the regular hir-ing of local civilians, and when thepublic emergency is of such a natureas to require immediate remedying,and where their employment will be a tno cost to the Government.

Except for cases which are consid-ered especially meritorious or whichare connected with the prosecution ofthe war, requests for permission t o ac-cept civilian employment should notbe forwarded to BuPers.

T H E O L ’ , S A L T

- A l l TUUM8S

1945 79



-FANTAIL FORUMQUESTION: What i s the most helpful thing you have

learned from your Navy training and experiences?

F. J. ATTARDO,AMZc, Waltham,Mass.: “I’ve gotten to understand

HAROLD . DANIELS,FCZc, Hum-ble, Tex.: “I’ve learned how to face

people much more.In the Navy, youget t o meet so manydifferent f e l l o w sfrom so many dif-ferent parts of thecountry w i t h somany d i f f e r e n tviewpoints. Meet-ing these fellowsand learning howto get along withall of them has

I, * .,A

my o w n troublesand to fight myown battles. T h eNavy sure teachesyou how to standon your own twof ee t . Sh u ck s , Iguess that I’vekidded the Navy asmuch as the otherfellow and I sup-pose I’ve done myshare of complain-

been the most valu-able thing that I’ve picked up in theNavy. The experience will be invalu-able for me back in civilian life.”

BARTONT. CHENEY,AMlc, Mel-rose, Mass.: “The most importantthing the Navy hastaught me has beenattention to detail.When I was learn-ing w e l d i n g , Iwould think I haddone a pretty goodjob, but the chiefwould pick it topieces. W h a t Ididn’t call him-tomyself, of course-when he’d make mego back and workon it some more! I could’ve mur-dered him! But he was right. Thejob was only passable-it wasn’t per-fect. And I finally learned to be ju stas careful about details as he was.”

JOSEPH A. DE PAOLA, l c , Eliza-beth. N. J.: “I’ve learned to shift

for myself. I canreally take care ofold Joe De Paolanow-look a t me!I’ve learned t o washand t o iron and tosew! But, serious-ly, the most im-portant thing I’velearned from theNavy is to think ofthe o t h e r guy.

~ After you’re in theNarv awhile vou

learn to stop before“y0; do ,sohe-th ing and ask yourself: How is thisgonna affect my shipmates?’ And ifit will hurt ’em, then you don’t do it.”

NEALA. FINCH, M3c, Tampa,Fla.: “The best thing I think theN a w teaches itsmen is personalneatness. You real-ly learn the valueof taking care ofyourself a n d o fyour clothes andother belongings. Iremember when Ifirst came into theNavy how many ofthe fellows lookedsloppy and justthrew their stuffaround. But they learned how t otake care of themselves and lifebecame much better for everybody.’’

ing about this andkha t from time to time, but when youcome right down to it, bud, you’veg o t to admit it’s a fair outfit andsur e makes a man out of you.”

FRANK. OSET, Slc, Chicago, Ill.:“The Navy‘s taugh t me th at I wantt o be an- optome-trist. No, I haven’t

been doing optome-try in the Navy.It’s thi s way: Be-fore the war, Id i d n ’ t k n o wwhether to be anoptqmetrist or anengineer. When Ientered the Navy,they put me in firecontrol. It’s a lotlike engineering inmany respects. Well, I don’t likefire control, so I f imre I won’t likeengineering. And chat’s why I saythe Navy’s tau ght me that I ought to

be an optometrist.”ALBERTC. M~FTTERA,lc, Wash-

ington, D. C.: Swimming. That’s.easilv t h e most im-

sensible th ing aboutrecruit training, but it also meansthat I’ll be able t o enjoy yy leisurehours more after the war.

RICHARD. PALMER,MZc, Haver-hill, Mass. : “What’s the Navy taughtm e? B o y, i t ’ staught me to ap-preciate home life.I sure could go fora little of it rightnow . . . plenty ofsleep and plenty ofnothing t o do -when I want to doit. But, really, theNavy has taughtme how t o take or-ders and like it.

I

- 1

Well, m a y b e notlike it, but to take ’em anyway. Thediscipline I’ve learned will help meget along better with employers.”

A l l HANDSTHE DUP E RS INFDRMATION BULLETIN

With approval of the Bureau of

the Budget, this magazine i s pub-

lished monthly in Washington, D. C.,by the Bureau of Naval Personnel for

the information and interest of the

naval service as a whole. Opinions

expressed are not necessarily those

of the Navy Department. Referencet o regulations, orders and directives

i s for information only and does not

by publica-tion herein constitute au-

thority for action. All original ma-

terial may be reprinted as desired.

Original articles of general interest

may b e forwarded t o the Editor.

DATES used throughout are l o c a l time at sceneof action unless otherwise indicated.

SECURITY: Since this magazine i s not classifiedit often i s limited in i t s reporting and publicatio;of photographs. It therefore cannot always ful lyrecord achievements of units or individuals, andmay be obliged to omit mention of accomplish-

ments even more noteworthy than those included.REFERENCES made to issues of ALL HANDSprior to the June 1945 issue apply to this maga-zine under i t s former name, The Bureau of NavalPersonnel Information Bulletin. The lette rs :“DE,“used as a reference indicate the officia l NavyDepartment Bulletin. ioll owed by the initials “cum.ed,” they refer to ’t he cumulative edition of 31Dec. 1943, which superseded all semi-monthlyissues through that date; by “Jan.-July” or “July-Dec.,” to the col lated volumes for those six-monthperiods of 1944, containing all 1944 letters s t i l l ineffect at the end of each of the two periods.

DISTRIBUTION: By BuPers Circular Letter

No. 162-43 (appearing as 43-1362 in +he

cumulat ive edi t ion o f Navy Depar tment Bul -

let in) the Bureau di rected that appropr iate

steps b e taken to insure that al l hands have

quick an d convenient access t o this maga-

zine. and ind icate d that distr ibut ion should

be ef fected on the basis of one copy fo r

each te n off icers a nd enl isted personnel to

accompl ish the direct ive.

I n most instances, the circulation of the maga-zine has been increased in accordance withcomplement and on-boa rd count statistics i n theBureau, on the basis of one copy for each tenofficers and enlisted personnel. Because intra-act ivity shifts affect the Bureau’s statistics, andbecause organization of some activities may re-quire more copies than normally indicated toeffect thorough distribution to a ll hands theBureau invites requests for additional copiks asnecessary to comply with the basic directive.This magazine i s intended for all hands and com-manding officers should take necessary steps tomake it available accordingly.

The Bureau should be kept informed of changes

in the numbers of copies required: requests re-ceived by the 20th of the month can be effectedwith the succeeding issue.

The Bureau should also be advised i f the ful lnumber of copies are not received regularly.

Normally copies for Navy and Coast Guardactivities are distributed only to those on theStandard Navy Distribution List in the expecta-tion that such activities wi ll make further dis-tribution as necessary; where special circum-stances warrant sending direct to sub-activities,the Bureau should b e informed.

Distribution to Marine Corps personnel i s effect-ed by the Commandant, U. s. Marine Corps, onthe present basis of four copies per unit down toand including the company. Requests frdm MarineCorps activit ies should be addressed to theCommandant.

PERSONAL COPIES: This magazine i s f o r

sale by Superintendent of Documents, U. S.

Government Print ing Off ice, Washington 25,D. C.: 20 cents per copy: subscript ion pr ice

$2.00 a year, domestic ( including FPO and

APO addresses for overseas mail): $2.75,foreign. Remittances should be made direct

t o th e Superinte ndent of Documents. Sub-script ions are accepted for one year only.

A U HANVS0



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