alistair wallace - firt firt outlook... · cru group nitrogen outlook. strong demand fundamentals...

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Alistair Wallace Director, Senior Consultant and Nitrogen Team Lead CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook

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Page 1: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Alistair WallaceDirector, Senior Consultant and

Nitrogen Team LeadCRU Group

Nitrogen Outlook

Page 2: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20
Page 3: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Strong demand fundamentals underpin nitrogen market, but...

...producers have overcooked medium‐term capacity investment.

Geopolitical risk is higher than ever and tightening markets.  

China’s huge capacity is driving the global nitrogen market. For now.

Presentation Structure

Page 4: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Demand‐side fundamentals

Page 5: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Crop prices stabilise; medium‐term gains likely

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Expo

rt pric

es (U

S$/t)

Wheat Corn Soyabeans

Page 6: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Population and macro economy support crop acres

100

120

140

160

180

20020

00

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Inde

x (2000 = 100)

Population Grain consumptionVegetable oil consumption Meat consumption

Page 7: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

50

100

150

200

250

300

Jan‐11 Jul‐11 Jan‐12 Jul‐12 Jan‐13 Jul‐13 Jan‐14 Jul‐14

Jan 2006

 = 100

Index of Urea Prices Index of Crop Prices Affordability index

This has also been supported by N affordability

Page 8: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Driving crop areas and higher application rates

671 690 738 765

187 232253 28595

108120

127192

204218

21481

105

116

128

‐10

10

30

50

70

90

110

130

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2000 2010 2014 2019

Nutrient dem

and (million tonnes N

)Area

 (million he

ctares)

Grains&Rice Oilseeds Fruit&Veg Other crops Total N fertilizer

Page 9: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

China over‐applies N, while others under‐apply

Brazil

USA

India

MexicoArgentina

China

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 50 100 150 200 250

P+K ap

plication (kg/ha

)

N application (kg/ha) Bubble size = yield

China applies more fertilizer to corn than the USA but achieves lower 

yields

Page 10: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Population will continue driving N consumption

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

kg N/ppmillions Global population N consumption pp

Page 11: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Overcooked supply

Page 12: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

More capacity built this decade than previous 25yrs

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

1950‐1960 1960‐1970 1970‐1980 1980‐1990 1990‐2000 2000‐2010 2010‐2020

Ammonia capacity(000 tonnes)

China

Rest of the World

Page 13: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Urea supply additions: Today to 2019 

CIS:4.2 mn

NA5.0 mn

LATAM:3.3 mn

Mid E1.1 mnAfrica

4.4 mn S. Asia1.9 mn SE. Asia

1.9 mn

China14.5 mn

Page 14: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Investment lowers trade & hurts marginal supply

Investment in North 

American and LATAM capacity

Investment in low cost CIS, MENA & SS African export capacity

Page 15: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Weak prices have slowed building, so has inflation

Page 16: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Urea capacity growth is now outstripping demand

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Index: 100=2010 Capacity Consumption

Page 17: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

However, the result is a forecast of low op rates

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

105%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Mn tonnes  Spare capacity Non‐China prod Op. rate Exc China exports

Page 18: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Supply disruptions

Page 19: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Physical disruptions in Ukraine tighten ammonia

Urea availability fallen to 40% (100kt/m). Ammonia down to 25% (25‐30kt/m)

Page 20: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

At‐risk tonnage in the merchant ammonia market

Trinidad3%

N. Africa3%

Ukraine 3%

RoW91%

Trinidad24%

N. Africa8%

Ukraine 7%

RoW61%

Global Ammonia capacity = ~200 million t/y Traded Ammonia Market = 19-20 million t/y

Page 21: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Urea now worth less than the value of its ammonia

‐100

‐50

0

50

100

150

200

250

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Jan‐11

Mar‐11

May‐11

Jul‐1

1

Sep‐11

Nov

‐11

Jan‐12

Mar‐12

May‐12

Jul‐1

2

Sep‐12

Nov

‐12

Jan‐13

Mar‐13

May‐13

Jul‐1

3

Sep‐13

Nov

‐13

Jan‐14

Mar‐14

May‐14

Jul‐1

4

Sep‐14

Nov

‐14

$/tonne$/tonne Nitrogen Black Sea Nitrogen Pricing

Upgrade differential

Urea

Ammonia

Page 22: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

China driving the market

Page 23: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Pressure is growing for more liberalisation

•Originally implemented in 2005 to decouple the domestic agricultural market from international prices

•As Chinese urea capacity expanded, the export duty has revised down; in 2014 high season = RMB40 +15%, while low = RMB40

•This is still market distorting with inventorying and warehousing tactics weighing on the low‐season 

Page 24: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Capacity and liberal export policy boost China’s role

200

250

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550

0

200

400

600

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1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Jan‐11

Mar‐11

May‐11

Jul‐1

1

Sep‐11

Nov

‐11

Jan‐12

Mar‐12

May‐12

Jul‐1

2

Sep‐12

Nov

‐12

Jan‐13

Mar‐13

May‐13

Jul‐1

3

Sep‐13

Nov

‐13

Jan‐14

Mar‐14

May‐14

Jul‐1

4

Exports FOB Black SeaChinese Urea Exports('000 tonnes) FOB Black Sea ($/t)

Data: GTIS, CRU

Page 25: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles

0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.601.80

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Million

s

Monthly ExportsRange 2009 ‐2013 4‐yr average2014 2014 forecast

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Million

s

Cumulative Monthly Exports2010 20112012 20132014 2014 forecast

0.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.400.450.50

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov Dec

Millions

Monthly ExportsRange 2009 ‐2013 4‐yr average2014 2014 forecast

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.0

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov Dec

Millions

Cumulative Monthly Exports2010 20112012 20132014 2014 forecast

Page 26: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Chinese export values price setting since mid‐2013

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

Jan 20

10Mar 201

0

May 201

0Jul 2010

Sep 20

10

Nov

 201

0

Jan 20

11Mar 201

1

May 201

1

Jul 2011

Sep 20

11

Nov

 201

1

Jan 20

12Mar 201

2

May 201

2

Jul 2012

Sep 20

12Nov

 201

2

Jan 20

13Mar 201

3

May 201

3

Jul 2013

Sep 20

13

Nov

 201

3Jan 20

14Mar 201

4

May 201

4

Jul 2014

Prilled FOB Black Sea Prilled FOB China$/mt

Page 27: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

China’s urea market is in chronic oversupply

0

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120

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Million t/y

Spare capacity Exports Domestic consumption

Page 28: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

China less competitive as labour costs increase 65%

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

Hainan

Hebe

iShando

ngHe

nan

Fujian

Shanxi

Heilongjiang

Guangxi

Zhejiang

Guangdo

ngLiaoning

Jiangsu Jilin

Guizhou

Sichuan

Tibe

tJia

ngxi

Yunn

anHu

bei

Shaanxi

Hunan

Ningxia

Anhu

iCh

ongqing

Inne

r Mon

golia

Gansu

Qinghai

Tianjin

Xinjiang

Beijing

Shanghai

RMB/hr

2014

2019

Page 29: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

$/MMBtu

5.505.605.705.805.906.006.106.206.306.406.50

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

RMB/USD

Coal & fright markets tighten; RMB strengthens 

0

5

10

15

20

Jul 2008 Jul 2009 Dec 2009 2010 Apr 2011 May 2012 Feb 2013 Feb 2014

US$/tonne Cost per 1,000 km for Fertilizer Delivery in China

Page 30: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

Market forces are distributing China’s resources

Page 31: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

In conclusion...1. Strong fundamentals underpin both medium and long‐term 

nitrogen demand...

2. ...but the market looking oversupplied following a massive expansion of global urea capacity and Chinese export policy

3. This will weigh on global nitrogen operating rates; especially so for prilled urea

4. China is now the global swing producer and events in the country’s N market will determine the medium‐term future of all N values

5. However, near‐term market remains prone to supply disruptions, especially on the ammonia side

Page 32: Alistair Wallace - FIRT FIRT Outlook... · CRU Group Nitrogen Outlook. Strong demand fundamentals ... Data: GTIS, CRU. China is limiting the impact of Ukraine’s troubles 0.00 0.20

This presentation is assembled by the expert staff of CRU’s fertilizers team, using information from a wide range of sources, including the International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA), various regional and national agencies, and suppliers of international trade statistics, including GTIS, as well as individual producers and exporters of these products.