ali ebraheem hajiah-energy efficient building

7/30/2019 ALi Ebraheem Hajiah-Energy Efficient Building

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Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research1

UNDP Regional Consultation Meeting:Climate Change Impacts in the Arab Region:

Towards Sustainable Energy Resources, Challenges and Opportunities

Sustainable Energy in KuwaitSustainable Energy in Kuwait

Challenges and OpportunitiesChallenges and Opportunities

6th of October 2010

Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain

AliAli EbraheemEbraheemHajiahHajiah

Building & Energy Technologies Dept.Building & Energy Technologies Dept.


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Presentation Outline

Energy Resources: Conventional and Renewable.

Kuwait Early Initiatives to Conserve Fossil Fuel. Suitability and Potential of Renewable Energy

Technologies for Kuwait.

Proposed Programs of the National Energy Center

for Research and Applications.

Challenges. Solutions.


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Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

23

2

66

27

36

86

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

FOSSIL FUEL Petroleum Coal Natural Gas Hydroelectric

Power

Nuclear Electric

Power

Geothermal, Solar,

Wind, Biomass

and Waste

Energy Information Administration: International Energy Annual 2006Table Posted: December 31, 2008

%O

FTOTALENERGY

World Consumption of Primary Energy


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Conventional Energy Resources

Coal, oil and natural gas, nuclear, hydro are themajor energy resources.

Availability of fossil fuel is limited. It is expectedto last for about a 100 years.

Fossil fuels, generate yearly over 21 billion tons ofcarbon dioxide, a green house gas.

Need to conserve fossil fuels and promote alternatives


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Key Strategies to Conserve Fossil Fuels

Worldwide

Improve energy efficiency of processes and

equipment consuming fossil fuels such as powerplants, transportation etc.

Implement energy conservation programs. Maximize use of hydro power and build morenuclear power plants.

Use Renewable Energy (RE) Resources.


6/45Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

SOME FACTS AND NUMBERS FOR KUWAITPeak Power Demand During 1992-2006

Electrical Peak Demand for Kuwait

y =0.0987x

R2

=0.9905

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

MW

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

180%

Perce

ntIncreasere:1992

MW

Percent Increase

Linear (Percent Increase)



Monthly Peak Demand During 2004-2006

Monthly Electrical Peak Demand for Kuwait During 2004-2006

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

PeakDeam

2004

20052006



Peak Day Power Demand-26 July 2006



SOME FACTS AND NUMBERS FOR KUWAITPeak Demand vs. Outdoor Temperature

Peak Demand as a Function of Maximum Temperature

2005

y =170.07x +438.35

R2=0.9658

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Monthly Maximum Temperature (C)

PeakDemand(M


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Available electric power capacity in 2009 is 11,000 MW The demand in2020 is forecasted to be 22,000 MW

The Challenge Energy Outlook

Primary Energy Consumption Electrical Energy Consumption


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Energy Facts for the State of Kuwait

Power plants in Kuwait consume over 55% of

primary energy. Fuel share in power plants is 84% for electricity

and 16% for water. Air-conditioning and lighting of buildingsaccount for nearly 85% of peak electric power and60% of annual electrical consumption.


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KISRsEarly Initiatives to ConserveFossil Fuels

In 1975, KISR initiated two majorprograms:

Renewable Energy Program

Energy Conservation Program


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Energy Conservation Program for the

State of Kuwait

Energy conservation program was launched inlate 70s.

Major efforts have been directed towards air-

conditioned buildings.

Energy Code for buildings was developed in

1983.


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Major Achievements of KISRsEnergy

Conservation Program Energy Code of Practice for Air-conditionedBuildings.

Energy Audits and Peak Power Demand Reduction inAir-conditioned Buildings.

Ice and Chilled Water Thermal Energy StorageSystems.

Optimization of Water Consumption in CoolingTowers.

District Cooling studies.


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Energy Conservation Code of Practice

Applied by MEW since 1983 to all new and retrofitted Air-conditioned buildings.

Kuwait was the first Arab county to have applied this code. Code compliance has saved nearly US$10 billion till date,

through: Use of smaller air-conditioning units, Reduction in power demand of air-conditioning units, Reduction in electricity consumption of a/c units.

Revised code was applied since March 2010.


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Energy Audits and Peak Power DemandReduction in Air-conditioned Buildings

Building YearEnergySaving

(%)

Peak PowerReduction

(%)Kuwait Port Authority 1996 30 20

KISR Main Building 2000 21 20

MEW and MPW buildings 2004 20 38Public Authority for CivilIdentifications

2004 12 5

Al-Fanar Shopping Mall2004 8 15

Smart Operation Strategies inEight Government Buildings

2007 - 40


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(1) Ministry of Health (2) Chamber of Commerce (3) Justice Palace(4) Public Institution for Social Securities (5) Liberation Tower (6) Ministries Complex

(7) Public Authority of Youth and Sports (8) State Audit Bureau

Peak Power Reduction in 2007


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Ice Storage Systems in Al-Sabah Hospital


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Solar Energy (1975-1988) Power Generation: 100 kW solar thermal power

plant using parabolic dish collectors and tolueneturbine.


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100 KW Solar Thermal Power Station


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Large size Prototype Solar Pond System.

Commissioned in 1988 .

16 Multi-stage Desalination System.

Generated and stored hot water at 90oC.

Solar Water Desalination


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Solar Cooling

Small and medium size systems (5-40 RT). Flat plate solar collectors and vapor absorption

chiller.

Last installation was in 1986 in MOD building.

l


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Solar Houseat KISR

Experimental laboratory for testing purposes ofdifferent solar systems including Solar WaterHeating, Solar Cooling and PV.

Housed within KISR for R&D.


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Solar Water Heating:

Flat plate solar collectors at theroof ofKISRsMain Building.

PV S t t K it E li h S h l (1984)


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PV System at Kuwait English School (1984) Daily Electricity Load 80 kWhe.

No. of PV modules 630.

No. of batteries 110.

Max. Electricity Production capacity 24.2 kWe Batteries Storage Capacity 200 kWhe.

R bl E P


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Wind Energy

8 weather stations were installed and wind data

were collected for 3 yrs between 1985-88.

Wind speed were found to be low (4.5 m/s).

KISRsRenewableEnergyProgram:


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KISR sRenewable Energy Program:Lessons Learned

Between 1975 and 1988, Kuwait invested heavily insolar energy applications.

Solar systems were found to be not viable due to highinitial cost, poor efficiency and high maintenance cost.

Lower wind speeds in the country did not encouragewind power generation.

By 1988, in line with the worldwide approach, RE

Program at KISR was discontinued, and the EnergyConservation Program was given stronger thrust.

Renewable Energy Systems (RES)


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Renewable Energy Systems (RES):

Current Status Substantial technological advancement has led to

bigger, cost-effective, more efficient and reliablesystems.

Both stand alone and grid connected RES arebecoming cost-effective, due to considerable increasein fossil fuel prices.

RES are being promoted to reduce greenhouse gas

emissions. Worldwide capacity of RES is being raised by major

industrialized nations.


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Potential of Solar Power Generation in Kuwait


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Availability of Higher Solar Radiation

5.6

6.0

2.7

4.3

4.7

3.6

5.5

4.8

6.2

6.7

2.6

4.5

5.1

3.2

5.5

5.0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Kuwait Egypt Germany Spain USA

(California)

J apan UAE Morocco

Countries Around the World

SolarRadiat

ion(kWh/m2/d)

Global horizontal for Photovoltaic

Direct normal for Thermal



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Compatibility of Power Availability with NationalPower Demand

Power demand in Kuwait is maximum during the summer

months and for sunshine hours.

Maximum power availability from solar systems is alsoavailable during the same period.

Plenty of Barren Land

Kuwait has plenty of desert land that is not being used.

An area of 5 km2 or 0.03% of Kuwait land area is adequateto generate 500 MW solar power.

Suitable Solar Energy Applications


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Due to climatic conditions and latitude, SolarEnergy offers substantial opportunities:

At Generation Side:Solar Thermal Power Plants (CSP)

Solar PV Power Plants

At End-User Building Side .

Passive solar (building design & materials)Solar Water HeatingSolar Cooling

BIPV

Suitable Solar Energy Applications

for Kuwait


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Current Applications of Solar PV

Systems in Kuwait

Street lighting.Traffic lights in remote areas.

Marine navigator. Cathode protection in oil fields.

P t ti l f Wi dP G ti i K it


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Potential of Wind Power Generation in Kuwait

Areas West and South of Kuwait are more suitablefor wind power generation. Al-Wafra and Al-

Taweel are the best locations. Patterns for daily and seasonal wind power

generation are inline with the national powerdemand. Thus, it can be used for meeting peakpower demand.

Cost of wind electricity generation for selectedlocations is less than 40 fils/kWh.

Wind Energy at KISR


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Grid-Connected 5kW windturbine

Operating for nine months

Mini wind farm of 5 turbines

will be installed soon

Integrated power solution forremote application is underexploration in partnershipwith private sector

Wind Energy at KISR

Preliminary Economic Viability of Solar and Wind


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y yPower Generation in Kuwait

54.753.3

32.6

38.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Conventional for fuel price

of $90/bbl

PV-Poly crystalline CPS-Parabolic trough Wind power in selected

locations

Power Geneation Systems

ElectricityGene

rationCost(Fils/kW

h)

One of Kuwaits primary challenges is to develop solutions for sustainablel d d d f K it k d d i f t d t


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Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Strategy Workshop.ppt

Develop

solutions for

sustainable

energy

supply and

demand forKuwait

Reduce demand

Supply

optimisation and

diversification

Minimise energy

use in transport

Energy Efficient Building

Technologies

Innovative and

Alternative Energy

Optimal Supply from Generation,

Distribution & Transmission

Energy Efficient

Industrial Technologies

Optimal National Energy

Management

Reduced Fuel Use in Transport

Solution Areas Grand ChallengeProgram Framework

energy supply and demand for Kuwait peak power demand is forecasted toexceed capacity. Available electric power capacity in 2009 is 11,000 MW the

demand in 2020 is forecasted to be 22,000 MW.

The Solution Tree for Energy


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gy

Energy Demand Reduction (Applied Research)

Solution

Reduce

demand forpower

Applied

research

energyperformance

of buildings

Building envelope

Systems (HVAC)

Systems (Lighting)

Systems (appliances)

Systems (electro-

mechanical)

Selection, labelling,

enforcement oftechnology

Develop / adapt newtechnologies

Integration of renewable

energy systems (perbuilding)

Installation guidelines

Operation andmaintenance

Design methodsMaterial selection and

labelling

Develop solutions

for sustainable

energy supplyand demand for

Kuwait

Develop solutions

for sustainable

energy supplyand demand for

Kuwait

District cooling and

thermal energy storage

Systems (renewable)

E S l


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Energy Supply

Solution

Supply

optimisationand

diversification

Innovative

and

alternative

energy

sources

Nuclear (policy)

Renewables solar(PV, CSP)

Renewables wind

Renewables geothermal

Renewables biomass

Gather data

Explore and select (pre-feasibility)

Develop and prototype

Commission, install andoperate

Evaluate and optimise

Grid connection anddistribution

Hybrid systems

Develop solutions

for sustainable

energy supply and

demand for Kuwait

Develop solutions

for sustainable

energy supply and

demand for Kuwait

Fuel cells

Clean fuel


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Technical Challenges

Verification of available resources

Daily and seasonal variations

Reliability of RE systems under harsh

weather conditions Lack of smart electrical grid

Lack of adequate codes andstandards

E i Ch ll


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Economic Challenges

Higher capital cost.

Competition from conventional energysources.

Lack of short and long term planning

Lack of clear Public-Privatepartnership

Lack of financing options for REprojects.

S i l Ch ll


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Social Challenges

Inadequate workforce skills and

training. Poor public perception of RE system

appearance. Fear of change and transformation

Lack of information transfer andconsumer awareness.

Solutions


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Essential need to launch Energy EfficiencyPrograms for all types of Buildings.

Clear role of Private sector to conduct EnergyAuditing of buildings according to a TOR resultedfrom R&D work.

A Comprehensive energy resource assessment isessential.

Systematic R&D, demonstration, testing and

evaluation of the different RE technologies underKuwait conditions is required.

Solutions

Solutions continued


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A clear energy strategic plan is needed with a target(such as RE will represent 2% of total electricitygenerated in Kuwait by 2020).

Strengthening the cooperation with the Internationalinstitutions (GEF, UNDP, UNEP, EU,etc.) toenable bridging the cost / market gaps.

Training and capacity building.

Create a National Energy Center for Research,Development and Applications.

Solutions, continued


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Thank youAli EbraheemHajiah, Ph.D.

Building and Energy Technologies DepartmentKuwait Institute for Scientific Research

[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

ali ebraheem hajiah-energy efficient building

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