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Algorithms

Y10 Introduction

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WHAT IS AN ALGORITHM?

It is a set of instructions of how to carry out

a process. An algorithm lists the steps

that must be followed to complete the

process and to reach the solution

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Examples of algorithms:

A knitting pattern

A set of instructions telling you how to put

a kit together (eg. an IKEA kitchen unit)

A recipe in a cook book

An algorithm can be representeddiagrammatically in the form of a flow

chart.

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A flow chart

A flowchart consists of a sequence ofinstructions linked together by arrows toshow the order in which the instructionsmust be carried out.

It provides detailed steps.

Each instruction is put into a box. The boxes aredifferent shapes depending upon what theinstruction is.

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Process shapes

START / END

Human processi.e. you doing

something!

Input or output

Query / question

Printed output Save to file

Yes

No

Remember not to create the flowchart in WORD

Instead do this in POWER POINTand change

FilePage Layout to PORTRAIT

Autoshapes has the shapes you

need to use

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More shapes

You can also use the following shapes:

Predefined process

Used for a sequence of instructions which is defined somewhere

else (eg. in a subroutine)

Connector

to link with a different page or another part of the program

(Note: all these shapes can be found under AutoShapes

if you click the Drawing icon on your tool bar)

Predefined

process

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TASK 1

MAKING A CUP OF TEA!

The following list

represents the steps

needed in order to make

a cup of tea. Put the list in

the right order andproduce an algorithm in

POWERPOINTshowing

the processes and

decisions you need tomake.

1. Take tea bag out of cup

2. Boil the water

3. Put tea bag in cup

4. Add milk?

5. Pour boiling water incup

6. Fill kettle

7. Stir

8. Ready

9. Add sugar ?

10. Fetch cupAnswers follow

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The answers1. Fill kettle

2. Boil the water

3. Fetch cup

4. Put tea bag in cup

5. Pour boiling water in cup

6. Take tea bag out of cup

7. Add sugar ?

8. Stir

9. Add milk?

10. Stir

11. Ready

START

Fill kettle

Boil the water

Fetch cup

Put tea bag in cup

Pour boiling water in cup

Take tea bag out of cup

Add sugar ?

Stir in sugar

Add milk?

Pour in milk Ready

N

N

Now add the shapes

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Skills in Powerpoint to create your

algorithm.

To tidy up the whole column

select all (drag around all shapes)

Go to DRAW

Select ALIGN or DISTRIBUTE

To change

this to .

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START

Fill kettle

Boil the water

Fetch cup

Put tea bag in cup

Pour boiling water in cup

Take tea bag out of cup

Add sugar ?

Stir in sugar

Add milk?

Pour in milkReady

N

N

To this

but take care as it can

mess up the side sections!

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TASK 2

A PREDEFINED PROCESS

In order to carry out no. 8 in the list above,

you will need to instruct the user how to filla kettle.

(a) Produce a set of instructions called

Filling a kettle and then(b) update your algorithm for task 1 to

include this predefined process.

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TASK 3

MAKING A CUP OF COFFEE!

How would your algorithm change for

making a cup of coffee instead of tea?

Amend your algorithm in Task 2 (b) in

order to produce a new diagram.

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Now try to create one on a PC

This should always be done in

POWERPOINT..

NEVER, EVER, EVER in WORD!