algae based biofuels...source lbs, oil/acre oil, gal/acre biodiesel, gal/acre _____ low yield algae...
TRANSCRIPT
Algae Based Biofuels
by
Joanne Godfrey
Ethanol Analytical Solutions
Why Algae?The future of farming will include:
Energy Crops; Switch Grass, Pennycress, Camelina, Algae and a Sustainable Green Energy Economy.
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Why Ethanol and Biodiesel from Algae?♦ Insufficient alternative feedstocks♦ Solution to food vs. fuel dilemma♦ A sustainable fuel production system♦ Potential source for carbohydrate
(ethanol) and oil (biodiesel)♦ Potential for very high biological
productivity
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Respiration + Combustion + Decay (releases CO2)versus
Photosynthesis (captures CO2)
Global Carbon Cycle
Global Photosynthetic Productivity
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Algae: Nature’s CO2 Scrubber
♦ Earth’s photosynthetic capacity is large.♦ It is estimated that algae fix 99 billion
tons of carbon per year.♦ Algae in nature fix carbon equal to
about 25,000 Coal Burning Power Plants
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Energy Harvesting from the “Natural Carbon Cycle”
Carbon Compounds
Lipids (Oil)So
lar
Ene
rgy
O2
Carbohydrates
Proteins
70%+ C
O2
Animal Feed
Ethanol Feedstock
Algae Processing
Biodiesel
Algae “Natures CO2 Scrubber” “Water Purifier”
BiomassRenewable Solid Fuels
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Commercial Food Supplements
♦
Algae: Dunaliella salina
♦
Nutra-Kol Pty Ltd Australia
♦
Natural beta carotene
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Biodiesel Oil FeedstocksSource lbs, oil/acre oil, gal/acre biodiesel, gal/acre_____________________________________________________________Low yield algae 9,914 1,292 8771
High yield algae 71,190 9,281 6,3001
Corn 245 18 21
Soybean 660 48 58
Sunflower 714 102 63
Peanuts 795 113 70
Oil palm 4,465 635 395______________________________________________________________
1Yields based upon an acre one inch in depth
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Open Culture Systems
Open systems– Less expensive– Subject to temperature fluctuation– Open to contamination– Losses from evaporation– Types: open pond, center pivot, raceway
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Raceway and Center Pivot
High Yield Algae Farming
♦
US diesel fuel demand63 billion gallons
♦
10 million acres for algae production
♦
2.3% of total cropland equivalent (200 dots)
♦
Can use land other than cropland
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Algae Farming
♦Four main issues for farming algae• Growth rate• Product being made• Crop protection• Harvestability – fast and cheap method
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Closed Culture Systems
Closed bioreactors– Provide a controlled biological environment– Lower evaporation losses– Higher capital costs– Issues of light penetration and wall growth– Types: stirred tank, air lift, tubular, flat plate
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MIT Air Lift Bioreactors
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Tubular Bioreactor (Germany)
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The Potential of Algae Cultivation:
Wastes to Resources♦
Waste heat
♦
Waste carbon dioxide♦
Watershed nutrients
♦
Animal waste♦
Sewage waste
♦
Marginal lands♦
Plus Water & Sunlight
New Biofuels Technologies
♦ Cellulosic ethanol♦ Biodiesel technology
Mcgyan® Biodiesel
Dr. Gyberg, Dr. McNeff, Dr. Yan and Brian Krohn,
FeedstocksAcid Number
of Lipid State (at RT) Mcgyan®? Traditional?FFA from Canola 200.00 Solid Yes NoFFAs from Soy 198.00 Solid Yes NoFFAs from Anchovy Oil 193.50 Solid Yes NoFFAs from Tall Oil 188.60 Liquid Yes NoBrown Grease 179.30 Mixed Yes NoFFAs from Tallow Oil 178.60 Solid Yes NoFFAs from Palm Oil 156.20 Solid Yes NoAnimal/Veg FFAs 150.00 Mixed Yes NoExtracted Rice Bran Oil 132.30 Mixed Yes NoAlgae Oil 104.20 Mixed Yes NoAcidulated Oil 88.20 Liquid Yes NoCorn Oil from Distillers 27.80 Mixed Yes NoYellow Grease 15.26 Mixed Yes NoCuphea Oil 13.30 Liquid Yes NoLard 7.88 Solid Yes NoSwine Tallow/Chicken fat 5.11 Solid Yes NoWalnut Oil 4.47 Liquid Yes NoPennycress Oil 3.45 Liquid Yes NoJatropha Seed Oil 3.31 Liquid Yes NoSesame Oil 3.00 Liquid Yes NoCamelina Oil 2.58 Liquid Yes NoLesquerella Oil 2.33 Liquid Yes NoOlive Oil 0.46 Liquid Yes YesSoybean Oil 0.35 liquid Yes YesPalm Oil 0.25 Solid Yes YesAlmond Oil 0.19 Liquid Yes YesRice Oil 0.09 Liquid Yes YesSunflower Oil 0.08 Liquid Yes YesCorn Oil 0.06 Liquid Yes YesCanola Oil 0.05 Liquid Yes YesPeanut Oil 0.05 Liquid Yes YesSafflower Oil 0.05 Liquid Yes YesCoconut Oil 0.04 Solid Yes YesCottonseed Oil 0.04 Liquid Yes Yes
Mcgyan Biodiesel Process
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Traditional vs. Mcgyan®
Does the Process… Traditional Mcgyan®
Consume the Catalyst? Yes NoUse Large Amounts of Water (Washing)? Yes NoProduce By-Products (Salts, Soap & Glycerin)? Yes NoRequire a Relatively Large Footprint? Yes NoHave a Sensitivity to Water in the feedstock? Yes NoHave a Sensitivity to Free Fatty Acid Content? Yes NoRequire the use of Large Quantities of Acid and Base? Yes NoConvert Free Fatty Acids to Biodiesel? No YesConverts mixed Variety of Feedstocks to Biodiesel? No YesOperate Continuously? No YesHave a Conversion Rate of feedstock lipid to biodiesel on the Order of…
Hours Seconds
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The Mcgyan® Process
Alcohol
Lipid
Biodiesel+ Methanol
Alcohol Recovery
Alcohol
Biodiesel
EFAR
Gas for Heat
Reactors
TGs
FFAsChemistry
Ever Cat Fuels, Isanti, MNOperational in November 2009
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The Mcgyan® Process:♦
Produces carbon-neutral biodiesel from renewable biomass
♦
Reduces production costs as it uses non-food feedstocks
♦
Uses all available lipid feedstocks including algae oil
♦
Consumes no water
♦
Occupies a small footprint and is scalable (larger or smaller)
♦
Runs continuously and is a highly energy efficient process
♦
Converts feedstocks into biodiesel in seconds, not hours
♦
Uses no harsh chemicals like strong bases or strong acids
♦
Produces no hazardous waste products
Mcgyan ®: Unlocks the potential of algae.
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Conclusions♦ Algae cultivation, processing and fuel
processes still in development stage.♦ It’s only a matter time before Algae
becomes a reliable renewable feedstock source.U. S Navy just introduced 49
foot-long riverine command boat
that ran on 50-50 blend of algae
based fuel
Biofueling the Future™www.mcgyan.com
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Thank you for your time.For more information contact:
Joanne GodfreyEthanol Analytical Solutions