AlcoholAlcoholMs. SnyderMs. Snyder

Sports and AlcoholSports and AlcoholThink back to the last time you watched a sportsevent on TV. What kinds of products were advertisedduring the commercials? Chances are, some of theads were for beer. Besides being aired during sportsevents, how do the ads try to connect sports andalcohol in people’s minds?

Alcohol Terms & InfoAlcohol Terms & Info

Ethanol:Ethanol: the type of alcohol found in alcoholic the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beveragesbeverages (grain alcohol)(grain alcohol)

Fermentation:Fermentation: the chemical action of yeast on the chemical action of yeast on sugars to make Alcohol/Ethanolsugars to make Alcohol/Ethanol

Intoxication:Intoxication: the physical & mental impairment the physical & mental impairment from using alcohol.from using alcohol.

Alcohol is a factor in Alcohol is a factor in many…many…

Unplanned pregnanciesUnplanned pregnancies

Cases of STD’sCases of STD’s

Dating violenceDating violence

RapesRapes

Suicides & homicidesSuicides & homicides

Reason Young People Reason Young People DrinkDrink

To escape problemsTo escape problems

To deal with stressTo deal with stress

To feel more confidentTo feel more confident

BoredomBoredom

To fit inTo fit in

Alcohol DefinitionsAlcohol Definitions

DWI Driving While Intoxicated

DUI Driving While Under the Influence

BAC Blood Alcohol Concentration (amount of alcohol in a

person’s blood) As blood alcohol concentration increases, physical &

behavioral effects get more & more severe

Health Stats: What trend does this graph reveal?

How is reaction time—the time it takes people to respond to a situation—affected by alcohol? Explain how an increase in reaction time affects a person’s safety on the road.

What are the factors associated What are the factors associated with getting intoxicatedwith getting intoxicated

1.1. Concentration of drinksConcentration of drinks

2.2. Amount drankAmount drank

3.3. Rate / Speed of consumptionRate / Speed of consumption

4.4. Food eatenFood eaten

5.5. Other drug interactionOther drug interaction

6.6. Emotional conditionEmotional condition

7.7. ToleranceTolerance

8.8. GenderGender

9.9. WeightWeight

10.10. Carbonation of drinksCarbonation of drinks

The Path of AlcoholThe Path of Alcohol

1.1. MouthMouth: : consumed and passed along to the esophagusconsumed and passed along to the esophagus

2.2. Stomach:Stomach: a little goes into the stomach walls & bloodstream, most a little goes into the stomach walls & bloodstream, most

passes through small intestinespasses through small intestines

3.3. Small Intestines:Small Intestines: Rapidly absorbedRapidly absorbed

4.4. BloodstreamBloodstream: : Heart pumps blood and alcohol to all parts of the bodyHeart pumps blood and alcohol to all parts of the body

5.5. Brain: Brain: Goes to the brain almost as soon as consumed. The alcohol Goes to the brain almost as soon as consumed. The alcohol

keeps passing through the brain until the liver has had time to oxidize keeps passing through the brain until the liver has had time to oxidize

it (burn it up).it (burn it up).

6.6. LiverLiver: : Oxidizes the alcohol (changes alcohol into water, carbon Oxidizes the alcohol (changes alcohol into water, carbon

dioxide, and energy). Body eliminates it by sweating and urinating.dioxide, and energy). Body eliminates it by sweating and urinating.

Cardiovascular System• Heart rate and blood

pressure increase.• More blood flows to

the skin’s surface.• Core body

temperature decreases.

Effects of Intoxication

Excretory System• Kidneys

increase urine production.

• Drinker loses more water from body than usual.

Nervous System• Brain activity slows

down.• Coordination becomes

impaired.• Sensations and

perception become less clear.

• Reflexes become sluggish.

Digestive System• Too much alcohol in

thestomach may cause vomiting.

Drinking InformationDrinking Information

If you drink something that is 100 percent alcohol, the If you drink something that is 100 percent alcohol, the proof is proof is 200200..

If you have something that is 86 proof, the alcohol percent If you have something that is 86 proof, the alcohol percent is is 43 %43 %..

A liver can oxidize A liver can oxidize ½ oz½ oz. Per hour.. Per hour.

There is the same amount of alcohol in:There is the same amount of alcohol in: 12 oz. Beer (can)12 oz. Beer (can) 5 oz. Wine (glass)5 oz. Wine (glass) 1 ½ oz1 ½ oz

How Much Alcohol Is in a Drink?

Long Term Effects of Alcohol on Long Term Effects of Alcohol on the Bodythe Body

Brain DamageBrain Damage

Chronic Liver ProblemsChronic Liver Problems

Vitamin DeficienciesVitamin Deficiencies

Stomach & Skin ProblemsStomach & Skin Problems

Loss of appetiteLoss of appetite

HepatitisHepatitis

Alcohol Related Liver Alcohol Related Liver ProblemsProblems

Fatty Liver: A condition where fats build up

in liver and can’t be broken down

Cirrhosis: Liver tissue is destroyed and

then replaced with useless scar tissue

Hepatitis: An inflammation of the liver

that can cause weakness, jaundice, or death

Alcohol Terms & InfoAlcohol Terms & Info

Tolerance: One needs to drink more to get the same effects

Withdrawal: When an individual experiences symptoms when the

alcohol isn’t in the system

Synergistic Effect: When 2 or more medicines are combined make both

more powerful Alcohol usually has a synergistic effect on other medications Should you mix alcohol with medicine??

Alcohol Terms & Info cont…Alcohol Terms & Info cont…

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): A condition in which a fetus has been affected

mentally & physically by the mother’s alcohol use during pregnancy

FAS is the leading cause of mental retardation in the United States.

Binge Drinking: Periodic excessive drinking

Alcohol Terms & Info cont…Alcohol Terms & Info cont…

Alcohol Poisoning:Alcohol Poisoning: A dangerous toxic condition when a person drinks a A dangerous toxic condition when a person drinks a

large amount within a short amount of time.large amount within a short amount of time.

Alcoholism:Alcoholism: A physical & psychological dependence on ethanol.A physical & psychological dependence on ethanol. Is alcoholism a disease?Is alcoholism a disease?

YES!!!YES!!!

Statistics to make you thinkStatistics to make you think

Statistic: Statistic: Over 83% of people arrested for crime Over 83% of people arrested for crime and 73% of people arrested for murder have been and 73% of people arrested for murder have been drinkingdrinking

Prevalence in 8th Prevalence in 8th graders:graders:

51.7% have tried alcohol 51.7% have tried alcohol 

43.1% have had an alcoholic drink in the past year 43.1% have had an alcoholic drink in the past year 

25.1% have been drunk 25.1% have been drunk 

15.2% have had 1 or more binge drinking episodes15.2% have had 1 or more binge drinking episodes

Studies done by NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Studies done by NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism)Alcoholism)

Prevalence in 10th Prevalence in 10th graders: graders: 

70.6% have tried alcohol70.6% have tried alcohol

63.7% have had an alcoholic drink in the past year 63.7% have had an alcoholic drink in the past year 

48.9% have been drunk 48.9% have been drunk 

25.6% have had 1 or more binge drinking 25.6% have had 1 or more binge drinking episodes episodes 

1.9% have been daily drinking for at least 1 month 1.9% have been daily drinking for at least 1 month at some point in their livesat some point in their lives

Studies done by NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Studies done by NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism)Alcoholism)

Prevalence in 12th Prevalence in 12th graders:graders:  

80% have tried alcohol 80% have tried alcohol 

73.8% have had an alcoholic drink in the past 73.8% have had an alcoholic drink in the past year year 

62.3% have been drunk 62.3% have been drunk 

30.8% binge drank in the past 2 weeks 30.8% binge drank in the past 2 weeks 

3.6% use alcohol daily3.6% use alcohol daily

Studies done by NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Studies done by NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism)and Alcoholism)

Underage Drinking Underage Drinking StatisticsStatistics

1 in 5 teens binge drink. Only 1 in 100 parents believes his or her teen binge drinks.

High school students who use alcohol or other substances are 5 times more likely to drop out of school or believe good grades are not important.

65% of youth surveyed said that they got the alcohol they drink from family and friends.

Youth who drink alcohol are 50 times more likely to use cocaine than those who never drink alcohol.

Teen alcohol use kills about 6,000 people each year, more than all illegal drugs combined.

Underage drinking costs the United States more than $58 billion every year — enough to buy every public school student a state-of-the-art computer.

Driving Drunk Driving Drunk StatisticsStatistics

Almost every 90 seconds, a person is injured in a drunk driving crash.

In 2010, 10,228 people died in drunk driving crashes - one every 52 minutes - and 345,000 were injured in drunk driving crashes.

In 2010, 211 children were killed in drunk driving crashes. Out of those 211 deaths, 131 (62 percent) were riding with the drunk driver.

Traffic crashes are the greatest single cause of death for persons aged 6–33. About 45% of these fatalities are in alcohol-related crashes.

More Driving Drunk More Driving Drunk StatisticsStatistics

Everyday in America, another 28 people die as a result of drunk driving crashes.

Kids who start drinking young are seven times more likely to be in an alcohol-related crash.

On average, one in three people will be involved in a drunk driving crash in their lifetime.

In the United States, every 30 minutes someone is killed in an alcohol related traffic accident.

Even More Statistics…Even More Statistics…

Across people of all ages, males are four times as likely as females to be heavy drinkers.

Each year, a typical young person in the United States is inundated with more than 1,000 commercials for beer and wine coolers and several thousand fictional drinking incidents on television.

1 in 8 Americans grows up in an alcoholic family. Spouses and children of alcoholics live in homes filled with stress arising from uncertainty and embarrassment. (Glencoe Health 2007)

Alcohol is the most commonly used drug among young people.

Problem drinkers average four times as many days in the hospital as nondrinkers — mostly because of drinking-related injuries.

Statistic SourcesStatistic Sources

1. Substance Abuse: The Nation’s Number One Health Problem, Feb. 2001

2. Mothers Against Drunk Driving

3. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse

4. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

5. Alcohol Health & Research World

6. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Analysis

7. The Century Council

Stages of AlcoholismStages of Alcoholism

STAGE ONE: Can begin even with just “social drinking” Starts to become necessary to deal with

stress Drinks to get drunk Makes excuses Called a problem drinker by others

Stages of AlcoholismStages of Alcoholism

STAGE TWO: Can’t stop drinking Physically dependant on the drug May drink alone Defensive behavior Develops a high tolerance Performance at work / school drops

Stages of AlcoholismStages of Alcoholism

STAGE THREE:STAGE THREE: Drinking is the most Drinking is the most

important thing to themimportant thing to them AggressiveAggressive MalnutritionMalnutrition DeliriumDelirium Reverse toleranceReverse tolerance

A condition in which less A condition in which less and less alcohol can cause and less alcohol can cause intoxicationintoxication

Characteristics of Characteristics of AlcoholismAlcoholism

Greater Tolerance: Drinks more and more for the same effect. Eventually,

has trouble stopping drinking once he or she starts.

Blackouts: Has no recall of things that were said or done while

drinking

Denial: Tries to deny alcohol is a problem.

May even abstain for a while to “prove” that he or she is not addicted

Characteristics of Characteristics of Alcoholism cont..Alcoholism cont..

Personality changes:Personality changes: May be tense, irritable, moody. May isolate self and lose May be tense, irritable, moody. May isolate self and lose

ambition, causing problems at home, school and workambition, causing problems at home, school and work

Obvious un-controlled drinking:Obvious un-controlled drinking: Continues to drink despite painful and destructive effects on Continues to drink despite painful and destructive effects on

health, career, and personal relationshipshealth, career, and personal relationships

Other indications:Other indications: May gulp drinks, sneak drinks, drink in the morning or when May gulp drinks, sneak drinks, drink in the morning or when

alone, or suffer malnutrition and deliriumalone, or suffer malnutrition and delirium

Codependency:Codependency: May live with alcoholics and center their energy on the May live with alcoholics and center their energy on the

alcoholicalcoholic

Organizations to HELPOrganizations to HELP

A.A. (Alcoholics Anonymous)A.A. (Alcoholics Anonymous): : share share experiences, strengths, and hope to solve problem experiences, strengths, and hope to solve problem from those recovering from alcoholismfrom those recovering from alcoholism

Al-anonAl-anon: : helps family members & friends of helps family members & friends of problem drinkers of offering comfort, hope and problem drinkers of offering comfort, hope and friendship.friendship.

AlateenAlateen: : for younger family members who live in for younger family members who live in an alcoholic situation. Will help them deal with an alcoholic situation. Will help them deal with problems.problems.

The EndThe End