alberta weed survey: 2009-2010department/deptdocs.nsf/all/crop13835/$file/... · content •...
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Alberta Weed Survey: 2009-2010
Irrigated and Dryland Fields
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada
Julia Leeson & Chris Neeser
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Content
• Overall weed abundance • Trends • Distribution maps • Results from weed management
questionnaire
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Background
• 1st Weed Survey 1930-1931 • Series of partial surveys 60’s and 70’s • Intensive survey Fort Vermillion in 1985
(model for future surveys) • 1st Province-wide survey 1997 (684
fields) • 2001 survey 1153 fields surveyed
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What we did in 2009
• Irrigated Fields (12 districts) • Surveyed 571 fields out 600 target • Distributed 600 questionnaires, 239
were returned (38%)
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What we did in 2010
• Surveyed 959 dryland fields (target 1200)
• Covering 88 ecodistricts • Mailed out 950 questionnaires, of which
235 were returned (25%)
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Weed Survey Protocol
100 paces
100
pace
s 5
1 10
15
20
20 paces between samples
Field corner or other convenient
starting point
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Data Analysis Relative Abundance = Relative Frequency + Relative Uniformity + Relative Density
countweedTotalspeciesweedbyCount
FrequencyRelative =
quadrats ofnumber Totalspeciesweedgiven a with quadrats ofCount
UniformityRelative =
countweedTotalspeciesweedgiven a ofCount
DensityRelative =
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Irrigation Districts
Irrigation District:WesternEastern Bow River Lethbridge Northern St. Mary River Taber Raymond MagrathUnitedMountain View Leavitt Aetna Ross Creek
Calgary
Brooks
Medicine Hat
Lethbridge
Glenwood
Irrigation District:WesternEastern Bow River Lethbridge Northern St. Mary River Taber Raymond MagrathUnitedMountain View Leavitt Aetna Ross Creek
Calgary
Brooks
Medicine Hat
Lethbridge
Glenwood
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Top 20 Species in Irrigated Broad-leaved crops (beans, potatoes, sugar beets, canola)
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Top 20 Species in Irrigated Annual Cereal Crops (includes corn)
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Top 20 Species in Irrigated Perennial Crops (alfalfa, grass hay)
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Total Weed Density by Crop
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Top 20 Species in All Dryland Crops (2010)
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Top 20 Species in Dryland Cereal Crops (2010)
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Top 20 Species in Dryland Peas and Canola (2010)
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Top 20 Species in Perennial Crops (2010)
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Since the 70’s
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Since the 70’s
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Since the 70’s
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Since the 70’s
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Maps
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Wild Buckwheat
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Wild Oat
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Dandelion
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Canada Thistle
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Cleavers
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Annual Sow Thistle
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Narrow-leaved Hawk’s-beard
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Kochia
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
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Canada Fleabane (Conyza canadensis)
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001
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The Questionnaire
• 33 questions specific to the surveyed field • weed management • insect and disease management • tillage, seeding, soil fertility, yield and rotations
• 18 questions about the farm operation • Overall weed management • herbicide resistance • Sprayer calibration
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Herbicide Use: % untreated
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Herbicide Use: Barley
* includes all Monsanto glyphosate products
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Herbicide Use: Wheat
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Herbicide Use: Canola
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Herbicide Groups: 2010 Barley (56 fields)
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Herbicide Groups: 2010 Wheat (92 fields)
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Herbicide Groups: 2010 Canola(61 fields)
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Crop Rotations (2007-2010)
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Herbicide Resistance
Suspected species Nb of fields Herbicide Groups
Wild Oats 34 1, 2,
Kochia 12 2, 4
Wild buckwheat 4 2
Chickweed 2 2, 4
Cleavers 1 2
17 % of respondents suspected herbicide resistance.
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Herbicide Resistance
Confirmed species Nb of fields Herbicide Groups
Wild Oats 11 1, 2,
Kochia 4 2
Chickweed 2 2
Hemp-nettle 1 2
5 % of respondents had confirmed herbicide resistance.
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Key Conclusions • Generally good weed control in high value
cash crops (potatoes, beans, sugar beets, canola).
• Weed control is better than in the 70’s and 80’s
• Annual sow thistle, narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard, and Canada fleabane continue to spread
• Herbicide resistance is a significant problem in spite of herbicide rotations
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Acknowledgements • Julia Leeson and students at AAFC in Saskatoon • Nicole Kimmel and Cindy Samborsky from the Pest
Surveillance Branch • Maureen Vadnais from Ag Service Board • Agricultural fieldmen • Agricultural Research and Extension Council of
Alberta (BRRG, CARA & SARA) • Number of Crop Consultants • Participating Farmers
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Chris Neeser 403 362-1331 [email protected]
Julia Leeson 306-956-7270 [email protected]
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada
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Herbicide Timing
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Number of Herbicide Applications
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Ratings of Weed Management Practices
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Sources of Weed Management Advice
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Objectives • To quantify weed populations in terms of
their diversity and density of the principal annual crops grown in Alberta, either with or without irrigation.
• To document the agronomic and weed control practices used on surveyed fields
• To examine correlations between weed management practices and weed populations.