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Alberta Weed Survey: 2009-2010
Irrigated and Dryland Fields
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada
Julia Leeson & Chris Neeser
Content
• Overall weed abundance • Trends • Distribution maps • Results from weed management
questionnaire
Background
• 1st Weed Survey 1930-1931 • Series of partial surveys 60’s and 70’s • Intensive survey Fort Vermillion in 1985
(model for future surveys) • 1st Province-wide survey 1997 (684
fields) • 2001 survey 1153 fields surveyed
What we did in 2009
• Irrigated Fields (12 districts) • Surveyed 571 fields out 600 target • Distributed 600 questionnaires, 239
were returned (38%)
What we did in 2010
• Surveyed 959 dryland fields (target 1200)
• Covering 88 ecodistricts • Mailed out 950 questionnaires, of which
235 were returned (25%)
Weed Survey Protocol
100 paces
100
pace
s 5
1 10
15
20
20 paces between samples
Field corner or other convenient
starting point
Data Analysis Relative Abundance = Relative Frequency + Relative Uniformity + Relative Density
countweedTotalspeciesweedbyCount
FrequencyRelative =
quadrats ofnumber Totalspeciesweedgiven a with quadrats ofCount
UniformityRelative =
countweedTotalspeciesweedgiven a ofCount
DensityRelative =
Irrigation Districts
Irrigation District:WesternEastern Bow River Lethbridge Northern St. Mary River Taber Raymond MagrathUnitedMountain View Leavitt Aetna Ross Creek
Calgary
Brooks
Medicine Hat
Lethbridge
Glenwood
Irrigation District:WesternEastern Bow River Lethbridge Northern St. Mary River Taber Raymond MagrathUnitedMountain View Leavitt Aetna Ross Creek
Calgary
Brooks
Medicine Hat
Lethbridge
Glenwood
Top 20 Species in Irrigated Broad-leaved crops (beans, potatoes, sugar beets, canola)
Top 20 Species in Irrigated Annual Cereal Crops (includes corn)
Top 20 Species in Irrigated Perennial Crops (alfalfa, grass hay)
Total Weed Density by Crop
Top 20 Species in All Dryland Crops (2010)
Top 20 Species in Dryland Cereal Crops (2010)
Top 20 Species in Dryland Peas and Canola (2010)
Top 20 Species in Perennial Crops (2010)
Since the 70’s
Since the 70’s
Since the 70’s
Since the 70’s
Maps
Wild Buckwheat
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
Wild Oat
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
Dandelion
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
Canada Thistle
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
Cleavers
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
Annual Sow Thistle
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
Narrow-leaved Hawk’s-beard
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
Kochia
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001 2010
Canada Fleabane (Conyza canadensis)
Not included
absent
0.1 to 1
1.1 to 4
4.1 to 10
> 10
Legend (Relative Abundance)
2001
The Questionnaire
• 33 questions specific to the surveyed field • weed management • insect and disease management • tillage, seeding, soil fertility, yield and rotations
• 18 questions about the farm operation • Overall weed management • herbicide resistance • Sprayer calibration
Herbicide Use: % untreated
Herbicide Use: Barley
* includes all Monsanto glyphosate products
Herbicide Use: Wheat
Herbicide Use: Canola
Herbicide Groups: 2010 Barley (56 fields)
Herbicide Groups: 2010 Wheat (92 fields)
Herbicide Groups: 2010 Canola(61 fields)
Crop Rotations (2007-2010)
Herbicide Resistance
Suspected species Nb of fields Herbicide Groups
Wild Oats 34 1, 2,
Kochia 12 2, 4
Wild buckwheat 4 2
Chickweed 2 2, 4
Cleavers 1 2
17 % of respondents suspected herbicide resistance.
Herbicide Resistance
Confirmed species Nb of fields Herbicide Groups
Wild Oats 11 1, 2,
Kochia 4 2
Chickweed 2 2
Hemp-nettle 1 2
5 % of respondents had confirmed herbicide resistance.
Key Conclusions • Generally good weed control in high value
cash crops (potatoes, beans, sugar beets, canola).
• Weed control is better than in the 70’s and 80’s
• Annual sow thistle, narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard, and Canada fleabane continue to spread
• Herbicide resistance is a significant problem in spite of herbicide rotations
Acknowledgements • Julia Leeson and students at AAFC in Saskatoon • Nicole Kimmel and Cindy Samborsky from the Pest
Surveillance Branch • Maureen Vadnais from Ag Service Board • Agricultural fieldmen • Agricultural Research and Extension Council of
Alberta (BRRG, CARA & SARA) • Number of Crop Consultants • Participating Farmers
Chris Neeser 403 362-1331 [email protected]
Julia Leeson 306-956-7270 [email protected]
Agriculture and Agriculture et Agri-Food Canada Agroalimentaire Canada
Herbicide Timing
Number of Herbicide Applications
Ratings of Weed Management Practices
Sources of Weed Management Advice
Objectives • To quantify weed populations in terms of
their diversity and density of the principal annual crops grown in Alberta, either with or without irrigation.
• To document the agronomic and weed control practices used on surveyed fields
• To examine correlations between weed management practices and weed populations.