albert h haykal trane

8/2/2019 Albert h Haykal Trane

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/albert-h-haykal-trane 1/20

2nd Middle East District Cooling SummitDoha ,Qatar

11/28/2010 Green District Cooling Plants 1

Green District Cooling Plants

Albert H. Haykal Trane Middle East



Carbon Emissions in GCC are among

the highest in the World

11/28/2010Green District Cooling Plants

2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions_per_capita



Benefits of

Building “Green”EnvironmentEnvironment


Sustainable :Consumes less natural resources Protects air, water, biodiversity

Enhances occupant comfort

Improves indoor air quality

Reduces strain on local infrastructure

Improves quality of life

Lower total cost of ownership . Increases productivity

Enhance property value

Health, safetyHealth, safety

CommunityCommunity

EconomyEconomy



Carbon Footprint of D.C. Plants

A carbon footprint is "the total set of greenhouse gases(GHG) emissions caused by an organization, event, product

or person" . For simplicity, it is often expressed in terms of theamount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs,emitted. The carbon footprint is a subset of the morecomprehensive Life Cycle Assessment(LCA).

Carbon Emissions of Chilled Water Plants

Embedded Carbon Foot print .

Direct Carbon Emissions (via refrigerant leak ) .

Indirect Carbon emissions (via electric power consumption). Make up water Carbon content.

Others (Chemicals ,Bleed off, maintenance , etc… ) .

11/28/2010Green District Cooling Plants 4



Life Cycle Assessment

The international standard for Life Cycle Assessment, ISO14040 (ISO, 2006),states that: “LCA is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects and

potential impacts associated with a product by: compiling an inventory of relevant inputs and outputs of a product system; evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with those inputs and outputs; and interpreting the results of the inventory analysis and impact assessment phases in relation to the objectives of the study .”

LCA studies the environmental aspects and potential impacts throughout a

product’s life (i.e., from cradle to grave), from raw material acquisition throughproduction, use and disposal. The general impacts needing considerationinclude resource use, human health, and ecological consequences.


Storage andConsumption DisposalTransportStorage andRetailDistributionProductionTransportRawMaterials



Case Study: 30,000 Tons Typical Chiller Plant UAE

12 nos. Chillers. Average size 2500 tons.

Chillers in series-series counter-flow configuration.

No chilled water storage.

Open Type cooling tower (6 cells)

Fresh make up water supply.

Primary and Secondary chilled water andcondenser water pumps.

Green District Cooling Plants 611/28/2010



Chiller Plant Carbon Balance


Construction

Phase

Inputs

Equipment

Materials

Labor

Transport

Machineries

Power

Outputs

Chemicals

/Debris

Operation

Phase

Inputs

Water

Electrical

Power

Labor

Chemicals

Spare Parts

Outputs

Water Vapor

Cooling Tower

Bleed off

Chemicals

Ref. Emissions

Disposal

Phase

Inputs

MachineriesPower

Transport

Labor

Outputs

Debris

Refrigerant

Emissions

Chemicals



Chillers Carbon Balance


Construction

Phase –

Embedded

Inputs

Equipment/

parts

Raw Materials

Labor

Manufacturing

Power

Transport

Outputs

Chemicals

/Debris

Operation

Phase

Inputs

Water

Electrical

Power

Labor

Chemicals

Spare Parts

Outputs

Ref. Emissions

DisposalPhase

Inputs

Transport

Labor

Outputs

Debris

RefrigerantEmissions



Chiller Embedded Carbon

Construction Phase


Description Carbon (Tons CO2) % of total

Total Rawmaterials carbonfootprint 1557.49 75.83%

Manufacturing

Carbon 122.405.96%

Total TransportCarbon 374.04 18.21%

Total EmbeddedCarbon 2053.93 100.00%



Chillers Operation -Direct Carbon Footprint

Chillers Refrigerant EmissionsLow Pressure (R-123) / Medium Pressure (R-134a)


R-123 R-134a

Tons 30,000 Tons 30,000 Tons

Lbs of Refrigerant 40,800 Lbs 72,000 Lbs

GWP 76 1,320

Annual Leakage Rate* 0.50% 2.00%

Annual Refrigerant Loss 204 Lbs 1440 Lbs

Global 1 Year CO2 Equivalent

25 Year CO2 Equivalent

15,504 Lbs 1,900,800 Lbs

Warming 387,600 Lbs47,520,000 LbsEmissions (Tons CO2) 175.8 Tons 21,551 Tons



Chillers Operation Indirect Carbon Emissions

Operation for 25 years


Operational Carbon for the chiller plant due to Electrical powerTotalCapacity

(Tons)

Chiller yearly totalelectric consumption

(kW-hr per year)

Total KW-hr for25 years

Base CO2emissions

(Kg CO2 / kw-hr )

CO2 Emissionsfor 25 years

(Tons )

Chillers 30,000 63,000,000 1,575,000,000 0.577 908,775

Plant Estimate 30,000 90,000,000 2,250,000,000 0.577 1,298,250

Operational Carbon for the chiller plant due to make up Water Supply

Total

Capacity(Tons)

Yearly make up water

volume

(liters)

Total make up

water for 25years(liters)

Equivalence

CO2 emissions

(kg co2/1000liters)

CO2

Emissions for25 years

(Tons CO2) )Plant/chillerEstimate 30,000 684,000,000 17,100,000,000 3.256 55,678

Total chiller

Carbon 30,000 964,453Total PlantCarbon 30,000 1,353,928



Summary of chillers Carbon Footprint


Summary ofchillers CarbonFootprint

DescriptionCarbon footprint(Tons CO2)

Percent oftotal (%)

Raw Materials 1,557.5 0.16%

Manufacturing 122.4 0.01%

Transportation 374.0 0.04%

Total Embedded 2,053.9 0.21%

Ref. Emissions 175.8 0.02%

Electrical power 908,775.0 94.01%Make up Water 55,678.0 5.76%

Total operation 964,628.8 99.79%

Total CarbonFootprint 966,682.7 100.00%



What Is Important Over the Life of a Chiller ?What Is Important Over the Life of a Chiller ?

11/28/2010 Green District Cooling PlantsGreen District Cooling Plants 13

Electric Energy (94.01%)

Make up water (5.76%)

Embedded Carbon(0.21%)

Refrigerant Emissions (0.02%)



Summary of chillers Carbon FootprintSummary of chillers Carbon Footprint

(Only Emissions adjusted for Medium pressure R134a Chillers)(Only Emissions adjusted for Medium pressure R134a Chillers)


Summary of chillersCarbon Footprint

Description Carbon footprint (Tons CO2) KG CO2 per Ref. Tons Percent of total (%)

Total Embedded 2,053.9 68.5 0.21%

Ref. Emissions 21,551.0 718.4 2.18%

Electrical power 908,775.0 30,292.5 91.98%

Make up Water 55,678.0 1,855.9 5.64%

Total operation 986,004.0 32,866.8 99.79%

Total Carbon Footprint 988,057.9 32,935.3 100.00%



What Is Important Over the Life of a Chiller ?What Is Important Over the Life of a Chiller ?




Embedded Carbon (0.21%)




Estimated Plant Carbon Footprintlow pressure chillers


To be offset byplanting 50.87Million Tree !!

Summary of Plant CarbonFootprint

Description Carbon footprint (Tons CO2) Percent of total (%)

Est.Total Embedded 30,000.0 2.17%

Ref. Emissions(Low Pressure) 175.8 0.01%

Electrical power 1,298,450.0 93.80%

Make up Water 55,678.0 4.02%

Total operation 1,354,303.8 97.83%

Total Carbon Footprint 1,384,303.8 100.00%



What Is Important Over the Life of a Chiller Plant ?What Is Important Over the Life of a Chiller Plant ?




Embedded Carbon(2.17%)




Conclusion:

Power consumption is by far the biggest contributor to Carbon footprint.

To reduce the carbon footprint Increase chiller/system efficiency. Recycled raw material will have minor effect on total Carbon Footprint.

TSE or Sea Water will have minimal impact on carbon footprint.

Additional / larger heat exchange area will deliver attractive payback.

Refrigerant emissions: Negligible for Low pressure chillers while more

important than embedded carbon for Medium pressure chillers .




Albert Haykal Albert Haykal District Cooling Leader Trane Middle East

Trane

P.O. Box 31000 Dubai ,U.A.E Tel 04-3460080 Fax 04-3460081Mobile :050-6162474 [email protected]




SummarySummary

Focus on reduction of power consumption

Embedded plant carbon is relatively negligible .

Water in GCC has a carbon footprint but for theplant , it is relatively small .

Direct Carbon Emissions are negligible for lowpressure (R123)chillers but might be moreimportant for Medium pressure chillers

◦

.


albert h haykal trane

Documents