akc-dg-rrrlf-md-nml-ipcl-17-03-2015 march 17-19, 2015 india international centre, delhi dr. arun...

AKC-DG-RRRLF-MD-NML-IPCL-17-03-2015

March 17-19, 2015

India International Centre, Delhi

Dr. Arun Kumar ChakrabortyDirector General, RRRLF and Mission Director, NML

Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation (RRRLF)Ministry of Culture, Government of India

Block DD-34, Sector-I, Salt Lake City, KOLKATA - 700 064

National Mission on Libraries (NML)Phone Nos. (033)(2337-3463&64, Fax : 91-33-23373465, M : 09433323424

E-mail : [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

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CHANGING NEEDS OF COMMUNITIES AND

THE NEED FOR THEIR ENGAGEMENT

Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation

(popularly known as RRRLF)

an Autonomous organisation

Established and fully financed by the

Ministry of Culture, Govt. of India

AKC-DG-RRRLF-MD-NML-IPCL-17-03-2015 2


Some important objectives of RRRLF

to enunciate a national library policy and to help build up a national library system;

to provide financial and technical assistance to libraries;

to provide financial assistance to organizations, regional or national engaged in the promotion of library development;

to promote research on library development;

to advise the Government on all matters pertaining to the library development in the country;

to propagate the adoption of library legislation in the country.

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National Mission on Libraries

National Virtual Library of India (NVLI)

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National Mission on Libraries :NVLI

Vision & Objectives NVLI User Services

Federated Search Engine Digital Repository Harvesting Aggregation of News Papers and e-Journals OpenCAT and Open Platform for home pages Institutional Data Repository and Directory Services Virtual Library for Children and Differently-abled

Content Development & Organization Cooperation with GOs, NGOs and Publishing Industry Proposed Digitization Guideline Proposed Content Digitization/Preservation Standards

R & D Services Implementation 5


National Mission on Libraries : NVLI

To empower people with right information in order to create a knowledge society and ensure preservation of digital content for the posterity.

Provide access to information for everyone in an Open Access Environment

Content development – all existing digital resources to be identified and sourced

Organization of information resource base using standard tools and techniques

Plan, design and implement digital information services and searching

Facilitate Multilingual Information Resource collection Implement robust and secure computing infrastructure Provide usage and performance indicators through user,

resources & service usage statistics Incorporate procedures for feedback and upgradation of the

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National Mission on Libraries : NVLI

NVLI User Services

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To facilitate an information retrieval mechanism from all distributed (may be heterogeneous) searchable resources (e-journals, library OPACs, online databases, digital repository etc)

This should support the search through Indian Languages approved in the constitution of India

This should support both surface and deep web search

This should not always be an exact search, but implementation of search algorithms that is capable of plural resolution, vibhakti, sandhi resolution etc for most of the Indic languages


Digital Public Library Indiana /Indology

Europeana brings together the digitized content of Europe’s galleries, libraries, museums, archives and audiovisual collections. Currently Europeana gives integrated access to over 22 million books, films, paintings, museum objects and archival documents from some 2200 content providers. The content is drawn from every European member state and the interface is in 29 European languages (http://www.europeana-libraries.eu/web/guest/home).

In the same way RRRLF may initiate under NML a new project with theme like Digital Public Library - Indiana. It will cover collections of state central libraries (including cultural objects) of different states, archives and museums of India and so on in digital forms and will provide a single-window search interface for retrieval. A metadata profile in the line of Europeana Data Model (EDM) may be developed for organizing cultural resources of Indian origin.

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The expertise of the following libraries may be helpful:

National Library of the Netherlands (http://www.kb.nl/)

French Public Libraries http://libmma.org/portal/french-and-other-

european-digital-libraries-and-online-catalogs/ (site for a detail list)

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Possible areas of collaboration

Areas of collaboration: Development Data model and Metadata

Application Profile for Indian cultural and textual objects;

Multilingual retrieval mechanisms for Indic scripts;

Pan-Indian Union cataloguge for LAMP (Libraries-Archive-Museum-Preservation) institutes;

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Possible areas of collaboration with France / Europe

Areas of collaboration: Software architecture; Cataloguing cultural objects; Development of appropriate vocaburay

control devices; Image search mechanisms; Development and retrieval of audio books;

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Key Institutes in France: Gallica (www.gallica.bnf.fr) National Institute for Art history, Paris Bibliotheque virtuelle humaniste (humanities digital library)

((http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/index.htm)) Napoleonica (Unpublished documents, drawings, picture

from the french Empires plus links to Gallica. - http://www.napoleonica.org/)

Versailles public library (Digitized scores (17th century - http://www.bibliotheques.versailles.fr/statique/pages/collections-numerisees/presentation.htm

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Key Institutes in France: Digitized data (texts and images) (Collections: the meta-

database of culture ministry, Frane - Browses 3 million records and 2 million images. Databases browsed include works of art, archives, enlightened manuscripts, architecture - www.culture.fr , tab “collections”)

FRANTIQ. Antiquity database (A research catalog that browses 32 french antiquity catalogs: http://koha.mom.fr/)

Ministry of Culture (Illuminated manuscripts: free access to more than 80000 pictures from medieval manuscripts - http://www.enluminures.culture.fr)

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Key Institutes in France: National french museums manuscripts database:

http://www.culture.gouv.fr/documentation/manuscrits/ The illuminated Middle Ages (Thematic pictural database

based upon the 25000 manuscripts of french libraries. Database and thematic access - http://www.moyenageenlumiere.com/

=============================================== It would enable us to digitize Indian resources access

as well as capacity building for different levels of Library / Information professionals of Public Libraries.

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Public Internet Access

Key Challenges Empowering India Digitally Internet to enable Business Social Networking Affordable Access Local Language Local Content Availabilty Global Lessons for India Social Impact Assessment Cost Benefit Analysis

=============================================== It would enable us to digitize Indian resources access as well

as capacity building for different levels of Library / Information professionals of Public Libraries. 15


Public Internet Access

Key Challenges=============================================== It would enable us to digitize Indian resources access

as well as capacity building for different levels of Library / Information professionals of Public Libraries.

Huge Data Volume Variety Velocity --- speed Veracity– messiness of data

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Web Scale Discovery Services

Central Index --- The collection of pre-harvested and processed metadata and full text that comprises the searchable content of

a WSD service: Central indexes typically include full text and

citations from publishers; full text and metadata from open source

collections; full text, abstracting, and indexing from aggregators and subscription databases; and MARC from library catalogs; also called the base index, unified index, or foundation index.

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Discovery layer ----- The user interface and search system for discovering,

displaying, and interacting with the content in library systems, such as a WSD central index: Discovery layers are not new to librarians or unique to WSD

services. Marshall Breeding, director for innovative technologies and

research at Vanderbilt University Library, maintains a directory on his Library Technology Guides’ Discovery Layer Interfaces page (www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl), and many of the systems are well-known to librarians as the end-user search interfaces for their OPACs.

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Common features of discovery layers for web-scale discovery services include the following:

Single search across the central index Fast response time Relevancy-ranked results list Facets, sort, and other tools for refining and using

the results Connections to fulltext via direct links and OpenURL End-user accounts and features

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Four vendors offer both WSD components—the discovery layer and the central index: EBSCO’s Discovery Service (EDS) (www.ebscohost.com/discovery)

Ex Libris Ltd.’s Primo Central Index (PCI) (www.exlibrisgroup.com/category/PrimoCentral)

Serials Solutions’ Summon (SSS) (www.serialssolutions.com/discovery/summon)

OCLC’s WorldCat Local (WCL) (www.oclc.org/worldcatlocal)

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In brief, the central index is content, and the discovery layer is the interface. The vendors typically license the two halves as a

unified package. However, a variety of discovery layers can be used

to search the central indexes from EBSCO, Ex Libris, and Serials Solutions.

.

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There are several implementations that use VuFind, Mango (the discovery interface created by The Florida Center for Library Automation), or other discovery interfaces in conjunction with the vendors’ central indexes.

Because the central index and discovery layer play separate (but interacting) roles, have distinct underlying concepts and issues, and can be acquired a la carte, it makes sense to consider them separately.

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What is in a Central Index?

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Web scale discovery searching is an innovation in the online searching of library

collections.

The study revealed how a small sample of end-users experienced the new type of searching and,

serendipitously identified a new issue that warrants further investigation.

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Web scale discovery services are a tool with major potential to transform the nature of library

systems. These services are capable of searching quickly and

seamlessly across a vast range of local and remote content and

providing relevancy-ranked results in the type of intuitive interface that today’s information seekers expect.

I would cite the report describes in detail the content, interface, and functionality of web scale discovery

services developed by four major library vendors: OCLC, Serials Solutions, Ebsco, and Ex Libris.

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Each of these services Evolving rapidly, Indicative of their open framework design and An ongoing expansion of indexed content as additional

publisher and aggregator agreements are brokered. Although many similarities among the services are

apparent, Some observed differences, though these differences are

becoming hazy as each vendor adds new functions, features, and content.

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Library Linked Data: Research and Adoption

Computers increasingly collect, manage, and analyze data for scholarly research.

Linked data gives libraries the ability to support this e-research, making it a powerful tool.

Libraries are at a tipping point in adoption of linked data, and this issue of Library Technology Reports explores current research in linked open data, explaining concepts and pioneering services, such as

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Five building blocks of metadata— data model,

content rules, metadata schema, data serialization, and data exchange

Three case studies—Europeana, Digital Public Library of America, and BIBFRAME

How libraries, archives and museums are currently addressing such issues as metadata quality, open data and business models, cross community engagement, and implementation

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Erik T. Mitchell is the associate university librarian for digital initiatives and collaborative services at the University of California, Berkeley.

In addition to studying information technology adoption and use in libraries, he examines metadata issues and professional development in library and information science.

Before joining the University of California, Berkeley, he was an assistant professor at the College of Information Studies at the University of Maryland (2011-2013), and served as the assistant director for technology services in the Z. Smith Reynolds Library at Wake Forest University (1999-2011). A columnist for the Journal of Web Librarianship as well as Technical Services Quarterly, he is also the author of the book Cloud-Based Services for Your Library: A LITA Guide, and has published and presented widely on library IT, metadata use, and pedagogical approaches.

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Web scale discovery: the user experience

This finding corresponds with the experiences of many librarians who in deal with students in information literacy classes and in reference enquiry contact time in the academic library setting.

It is not difficult to see why the simplicity of “googling” has instant appeal.

Burke (2010) points to signs that libraries are in danger of being cut out of their role as intermediaries in the information supply chain.

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The Ithaka survey of faculty also cautions that the “academic library is increasingly being disintermediated [left out] from the discovery process, risking irrelevance in one of its core areas”…that is the

core area of research (Schonfeld & Housewright 2010). And whereas students place high value on the library

“brand” (OCLC 2005 part 3), they are increasingly overwhelmed by the complex navigation

of library websites that present multiple pathways to searching across many different formats.

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Lauridsen and Stone have recognised that the shift from print to online library collections has made it imperative that libraries find ways to organise and manage this “virtual cornucopia of e-books, journal articles, text and images” (2009, p. 41). Library systems developers have grappled with the resource discovery dilemma for almost a decade and have arrived at various system solutions: database subject lists, A-Z database title lists, federated

searching, discovery layer approaches to enhanced library catalogues, and combinations of the above.

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Lauridsen and Stone have recognised that the shift from print to online library collections has made it

imperative that libraries find ways to organise and manage this “virtual cornucopia of e-books, journal articles, text and

images” (2009, p. 41). Library systems developers have grappled with the

resource discovery dilemma for almost a decade and have arrived at various system solutions: database subject lists, A-Z database title lists, federated

searching, discovery layer approaches to enhanced library catalogues, and combinations of the above.

The ultimate aim -- to maximise resource usage, relieve user frustration, and enable smooth navigation to library resources.

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Library Resource Discovery

The new web scale discovery approach moves beyond enhanced library catalogues and discovery layer approaches combining access to both

library catalogue and journal database content in one search tool.

The term “web scale discovery” arises from a series of seminars entitled Returning the Researcher to the Library: Defining Web-Scale Discovery: The Promise of a Unified Search Index for Libraries, sponsored by Serials Solutions and the Library Journal (Infomotions Inc. 2009).

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It should be noted that the terminology is evolving in this area of library system development.

As Marshall Breeding (2010b) states: “initially, these new tools were called next generation library catalogs, -- “discovery interfaces”.

Breeding (2010) describes web scale discovery as a library discovery system solution that “exploits the full depth and breadth of library collections [goes] beyond the bounds of the local library’s collection [and] targets the universe of objective, vetted library content” (Breeding 2010a slide 70).

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Several commercial discovery products have appeared on the market in recent years: Encore from Innovative Interfaces, Primo Central from Ex Libris, Serials Solutions’ Summon, EBSCO Discovery Service and others. Marshall Breeding’s Library Technology Guides website is tracking developments in this fast growing field (Breeding 2010b). In his 2010

Discovery State of the Art report Breeding made a call to arms for libraries to adopt and evaluate these new web scale discovery tools:(Breeding 2010c, p. 34)

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Commercial Discovery Products

Several commercial discovery products have appeared on the market in recent years: Encore from Innovative Interfaces, Primo Central from ExLibris, Serials Solutions’ Summon, EBSCO Discovery Service and others. Marshall Breeding’s Library Technology Guides website

is tracking developments in this fast growing field (Breeding 2010b). In his 2010

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The Study : Discovery Products

The Study focussed on three main questions:

Did the students find the discovery searching platform easy to use?

Did the new website provide smooth navigation?

Did students obtain satisfactory results across a range of typical search topics?

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The study : Discovery Products

The study was designing so that the number of search topic questions was kept to a

minimum to avoid students becoming tired or frustrated. The questions reflected

actual searches the average student might do in the course of their studies list of topics: 1) was a topic or subject search that asked the students to find a

resource to help prepare a given essay topic;

2) was a “known item” search that asked the students to find a particular journal article citation;

3) was a “known item” search for a particular book citation;

4) asked students to find an item on a given unit’s reserve reading list.

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The Study: Discovery Products

The Camtasia video provided a back-up for the researchers to examine later.

the studies were done singly in one-hour intervals, though no student took longer than 25 minutes to finish the study.

Students were given as much time as they wanted and no one was rushed. They were told that they could give up on a question and move on to the next question at any time.

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Students were given the question sheet with the four searches and asked to work through the questions at their own pace.

TechSmith’s Camtasia 6 software, a webcam and a microphone headset were used to follow each student’s actions, mouse clicks and any verbal comments.

As well as being recorded by Camtasia, each student’s use of the computer was projected onto a large screen so that the researchers could observe and make notes while the students searched.

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All the students were novice library users, but, they had received a library education session with the faculty librarian earlier in the semester.

The library education session was a basic one-hour lecture within the unit lecture time covering: Introduction to the search process, analysing the topic, main concepts and keywords, Boolean operators; library catalogue; library databases IEEE and ACM; and Library One Search (the library’s new discovery tool being tested in this study).

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The Study: Discovery Products --- Discussion

All five students in the study group were first year students who volunteered to participate in the usability study.

All were studying either Computer Science or Library and Information Science.

One should use caution in extrapolating the findings across a wider range of students – to students in other disciplines and studying at other levels.

This study has shown that all students in this small cohort were able to find information relatively quickly, but they had little concept of the format of the material.

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Some researchers have questioned whether this matters because formats are blurring and converging and students will be satisfied if any relevant information is retrieved, regardless of format. For example, Burke states:

What libraries often fail to realise is that end-users see most information objects as equal. A relevant article on a topic is as good as, if not better than, an entire book. While libraries count databases, those databases represent millions of objects to which end-users want, and need, simple access. (Burke 2010, p. 5)

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Some researchers have questioned whether this matters because formats are blurring and converging and students will be satisfied if any relevant information is retrieved, regardless of format. For example, Burke states:

What libraries often fail to realise is that end-users see most information objects as equal. A relevant article on a topic is as good as, if not better than, an entire book. While libraries count databases, those databases represent millions of objects to which end-users want, and need, simple access. (Burke 2010, p. 5)

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Canons FOR CHARACTERISTICS

CANONS 131: Canon of DifferentiationEach characteristic used should differentiate, that is, it should give rise to at least two classes. 132: Canon of ConcomitanceNo two characteristics should be concomitant. 133: Canon of RelevanceEach characteristic should be relevant to the purpose of the classification. 134: Canon of AscertabilinaityEach characteristic should be definitely ascertainable.

FOR CHARACTERISTICS

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Canons FOR CHARACTERISTICS

135: Canon of PermanenceEach characteristic should continue to be both ascertainable and unchanged, so long as there is no change in the purpose of the classification. 136: Canon of Relevant SequenceThe characteristics of the scheme are to be used in a sequence relevant to the purpose of the classification. 137: Canon of ConsistencyThe sequence of applying the chosen characteristics should be consistently adhered to.

FOR CHARACTERISTICS

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CANONS FOR ARRAY OF CLASSES

141: Canon of Exhaustiveness The classes in any array of classes should be totally exhaustive

of their common immediate universe. 142: Canon of Exclusiveness The classes in an array of classes should be mutually exclusive. 143: Canon of Helpful Sequence The sequence of the classes in any array should be helpful. It

should be according to some convenient principle, and not arbitrary, wherever insistence on one principle does not violate other more important requirements.

144: Canon of Consistent Sequence -- Whenever similar classes occur in different arrays, their sequences should be parallel in all such arrays, wherever insistence on such a parallel does not run counter to other more important requirements. (See Principles for Helpfulness in Array below.)

FOR CHARACTERISTICS

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CANONS FOR ARRAY OF CLASSES

141: Canon of Exhaustiveness The classes in any array of classes should be totally exhaustive

of their common immediate universe. 142: Canon of Exclusiveness The classes in an array of classes should be mutually exclusive. 143: Canon of Helpful Sequence The sequence of the classes in any array should be helpful. It

should be according to some convenient principle, and not arbitrary, wherever insistence on one principle does not violate other more important requirements.

144: Canon of Consistent Sequence -- Whenever similar classes occur in different arrays, their sequences should be parallel in all such arrays, wherever insistence on such a parallel does not run counter to other more important requirements. (See Principles for Helpfulness in Array below.)

FOR CHARACTERISTICS

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Canons of Cataloguing

CANON of AscertainabolityCANON of PrepotanceCANON of IndividualizationCANON of Sought headingCanon of ContextCanon of PermanenceCanon of CurrencyCanon of consistenceCanon of recall value

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Reading culture promotion - what it

entails in Knowledge Generation

There is so much hues about bad reading habit or lack of desirable reading culture in many

societies, especially developing nations.

But, it becomes imperative to examine what reading promotion entails.

And should we say "what is there to promote about reading?"

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Reading culture promotion - what it

entails in Knowledge Generation

Is it book alone that has to be read or other materials like magazines, newspapers have to be taken on board?

Why does reading culture has to be inculcated among citizens?

Is it possible to promote reading without due attention to libraries and their stock levels?

What roles do authors, journalists, politicians have to play to achieve meaningful outcome from any reading promotion task?

Do Librarians have any relevance in advocacy relating to readership promotion?

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Knowledge Generation

Knowledge creation is really a symbiotic event,

where two ideas come together to form a new one. So knowledge can be gained from any manner of experience,

either reading, ortalking, or debate.

The reason for emphasizing debate was to illustrate the need for two ideas to come together.

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The Paradigm Shift in Libraries in Global Information Environment

Paradigm shifts in libraries and in global information environment

Role of LIS

Areas of R&D Programmes

Basic objectives of library and information service on site

Skills to fulfill the changing role of libraries

The environment in which librarians are working now

Challenges of new technological development for libraries

Interventions to challenges of paradigm shifts

Key areas of

knowledge paradigm

Goals of the Professional Education of the Librarians and Other Professional Library and Information Science Personnel

The major benefits of open software and open standards

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ConclusionKnowledge Management (KM) comprises a range of strategies and practices used in an organization to identify, create, represent, distribute, and enable adoption of insightsinsights and experiences.experiences. Such insights and experiences comprise knowledgeknowledge, either embodied in individuals or embedded in organizational processesprocesses or practice.

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Thank You

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