Welcome to: Trasnfer Skill Systems Storage

Agenda: ( Agenda times are just estimates )Day1

Unit 1: (1:30) Systems Storage Review Concepts

(1:30) Exercise1

Day2

Unit 2: (1:00) Performance Review

(0:30) Exercise2

(1:00) Systems Error Log Review

(0:30) Exercise23.13.1

Unit Objectives

After completing this unit, you should be able to:Describe the terminology and concepts associated with:

Physical VolumesVolume GroupsLogical VolumesPhysical PartitionsLogical Partitions

Describe how file systems and logical volumes arerelated

Components of AIX StorageFiles

Directories

File Systems

Logical Storage

Physical Storage

Logical Volume Manager

Traditional UNIX Disk Storage

Partition 1 Partition 3

Partition 2Free space

Free space

PROBLEMS:

Fixed partitionsExpanding size of the partitionLimitation on size of a file system and a fileContiguous data requirementTime and effort required in planning ahead

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2004

Benefits of the LVMLogical volumes solve noncontiguous space problems

Logical volumes can span disks

Dynamically increase and decrease logical volume size

Logical volumes can be mirrored

Hard disks easily added to a system

Logical volumes can be relocated

Volume group and logical volume statistics can be collected

These tasks can be performed dynamically!

Physical Storage

VolumeGroup A

PV1

VolumeGroup B

PV2 PV3 PV4 PV5

PhysicalPartitions:

4 MB Default size1016 max per PV(on a 4 GB disk)

PP1PP2PP3PP4PP5PPPP

PhysicalVolume

/dev/hdiskn

PPn

Volume Groups

rootvg

PV1

datavg

PV2 PV3

PV4

New PVs:Add to existing VGsCreate new VG

Why create new volume groups?Separate user data from operating system filesDisaster recoveryData portabilityData integrity and security

Volume Group Descriptor Area

One disk VG Two disk VGThree disk or more

VG

VGDAVGDA

VGDAVGDA

VGDA

VGDA VGDA

VGDA VGDA

Volume Group Limits

VG Type MaximumPVs

MaximumLVs

MaximumPPs per VG

MaximumPP size

Normal(mkvg)

BIG VG(mkvg -B)

Scalable VG(mkvg -S)

32 256

128 512

1024 4096

32512(1016*32)

130048(1016*128)

2097152

1 GB

1 GB

128 GB

Logical Storage

Physical Volumes

1713192531354147

17

13192531354147

28

14202632364248

39

15212733374349

41016222834384450

28

14202632364248

39

15212733374349

41016222834384450

Logical Volume Manager

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 . . . . . . . n

LogicalVolume

LogicalVolume

LogicalPartitions

Uses of Logical VolumesA logical volume may contain one of the following, and only one at atime:

Journaled or Enhanced journaled file system (for example:/dev/hd4)

Paging space (/dev/hd6)

Journal log (/dev/hd8)

Boot Logical Volume (/dev/hd5)

Nothing (raw device)

What Is a File System?A file system is:

Method of storing dataHierarchy of directories

Four types supported:Journaled File System (jfs)Enhanced Journaled File System (jfs2)CD-ROM File System (cdrfs)Network File System (nfs)

Different file systems are connected together via directories to formthe view of files users see

VOLUME GROUP

Logical Volume

File System

Directory

File

Logical VolumeFile System

Directory

File

Why Have File Systems?Can strategically place it on disk for improved performance

Some tasks are performed more efficiently on a file system than oneach directory within the file system, for example, back up, move,secure an entire file system

Can limit disk usage of users by file system (quotas)

Maintain integrity of the entire file system structure, for example, ifone file system is corrupted, the others are not affected

Special security situations

Organize data and programs into groups for ease of filemanagement and better performance

Standard File Systems in AIX

hd4

/ (root)

home sbin lib usr lpp bin dev var mnt opt etc tmp

hd1

/

hd2

/

bin lib lpp share sbin

hd9var

/

spool adm tmp

hd10opt

/

hd3

/

NOTE: The drawing depicts logical not physical devices

Mountmount: the glue that logically connects file systems to the directoryhierarchy

File systems are associated with devices represented by specialfiles in /dev - the logical volume

When a file system is mounted, the logical volume and its contentsare connected to a directory in the hierarchical tree structure

# mount /dev/lv00 /home/patsie

What tomount

Where tomount it

Listing File Systems

Example 1# lsfs

Name/dev/hd4/dev/hd2

Nodename Mount Pt

/dev/hd9var/dev/hd3/proc

----------

/dev/hd10opt --/dev/hd1/dev/lv00

----

//usr/var/tmp/proc/opt/home

VFSjfsjfsjfsjfs

Size65536

Options Auto Accounting--

2031616 --65536 --131072 --

procfs --jfsjfs2

/home/john jfs2

655366553665536

--------

yes noyes noyes noyes noyes noyes noyes noyes no

Listing Logical Volume Example 2

List all Logical Volumes by Volume Group:

# lsvg -l rootvg

LVNAME

hd6

hd5

hd8

hd4

hd2

hd9var

hd3

hd1

lv00

TYPE

paging

boot

jfslog

jfs

jfs

jfs

jfs

jfs2

jfs2

LPs

64

1

1

2

156

1

3

1

2

PPs

64

1

1

2

156

1

3

1

2

PVs

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

LV STATE

open/syncd

closed/syncd

open/syncd

open/syncd

open/syncd

open/syncd

open/syncd

open/syncd

open/syncd

MOUNT POINT

N/A

N/A

N/A

/

/usr

/var

/tmp

/home

/home/john

Ø Relationated commands

§ lsvg –l rootvg ( Despliega los lvs del vg rootvg )§ lsvg –p rootvg ( Despliega los discos del rootvg )§ lsvg –o ( Despliega vg´s activos )§ lsvg ( Despliega vg´s inactivos de data )§ df ( Despliega estado de filesystems )§ lsvg –o | lsvg –il ( Despliega estructura de datos )§ lspv ( Despliega discos del sistema )§ lsdev –Ccdisk ( Despliega tipos de discos )§ lsdev –Ccadapter ( Despliega adaptadores de sistema )§ lspv hdisk(x) ( Propiedades del disco )

Ø Practical Exercise§ lsvg –l rootvg§ lsvg –p rootvg§ lsvg –o

§ hlsvg§ lsvg –o | lsvg –il§ lspv§ lsdev –Ccdisk§ df§ lsdev -Ccdapter§ lspv hdisk (x ) x: numero lógico del disco