airworthiness: norms

Presented to:

By:

Federal AviationAdministration

AirworthinessAirworthinessHuman FactorsHuman Factors

R1R1

NORMSNORMS


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WHAT ARE NORMS ?WHAT ARE NORMS ?


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Norms are standard practices, rules of Norms are standard practices, rules of behavior, usually undocumented. behavior, usually undocumented.

Norms are usually developed to solve Norms are usually developed to solve problems that have ambiguous solutions. problems that have ambiguous solutions.

A side effect of working in teams is the use A side effect of working in teams is the use of norms to guide a person’s behavior. of norms to guide a person’s behavior.


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NORMSNORMS

Are short cuts or unapproved practices.Are short cuts or unapproved practices.

Are encouraged or tolerated by the group.Are encouraged or tolerated by the group.

Have the potential to cause damaging errors.Have the potential to cause damaging errors.


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TYPES OF NORMSTYPES OF NORMS

PositivePositive

NegativeNegative


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POSITIVE NORMSPOSITIVE NORMS

Are effective and appear to have an Are effective and appear to have an overall positive impact on the overall positive impact on the organization.organization.


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NEGATIVE NORMSNEGATIVE NORMS

Are ineffective and can have a negative Are ineffective and can have a negative impact on the organization.impact on the organization.


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CORPORATE CULTURECORPORATE CULTURE

Can (often does) breed both positive andCan (often does) breed both positive and

negative norms.negative norms.

Can either encourage or discourage normsCan either encourage or discourage norms


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That’s the way That’s the way we dowe do

things around things around here!here!


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DISTINGUISH THE POSITIVE DISTINGUISH THE POSITIVE FROM THE NEGATIVEFROM THE NEGATIVE

Does the norm enhance or detract from Does the norm enhance or detract from an established procedure?an established procedure?


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EXAMPLES OF NORMSEXAMPLES OF NORMSStepping over the tow bar during pushback.Stepping over the tow bar during pushback.

Working without using a maintenance manual.Working without using a maintenance manual.

Leaving running vehicles unattended.Leaving running vehicles unattended.

Signing for work not done in order to get theSigning for work not done in order to get the

aircraft out on timeaircraft out on time


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EXAMPLES OF NORMSEXAMPLES OF NORMS Pushing the aircraft back without usingPushing the aircraft back without using

a safety guide person.a safety guide person. Signing off someone else’s work Signing off someone else’s work

without ensuring proper completion.without ensuring proper completion. Verbal turnover.Verbal turnover. Running with scissors.Running with scissors.


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WHAT TO DO ABOUT NORMS?WHAT TO DO ABOUT NORMS?

Look for the norms we use and live with Look for the norms we use and live with at work. at work.

Distinguish the positive norms from the Distinguish the positive norms from the negative norms.negative norms.


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WHAT TO DO ABOUT NORMS?WHAT TO DO ABOUT NORMS?

Do this by discussing them and using Do this by discussing them and using your influence in the group to change your influence in the group to change the negative norms.the negative norms.

If you’re sure, If you’re sure, maintain your standard !maintain your standard !


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ConclusionConclusion Questions or comments?Questions or comments? FAASafety.govFAASafety.gov AMT Awards ProgramAMT Awards Program GA Awards ProgramGA Awards Program We want your feedbackWe want your feedback

• http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/

headquarters_offices/avs/stakeholder_feedback/headquarters_offices/avs/stakeholder_feedback/

afs/field/sf_faasteam/afs/field/sf_faasteam/


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Thank you.Thank you.

airworthiness: norms

Education

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theuse of norms

positive andnegative

standard practices

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anoverall positive impact

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unapproved practices