airport characteristics 07 posted
TRANSCRIPT
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Airport Characteristics
Amedeo R. OdoniMassachusetts Institute of Technology
1.231J/16.781J/ESD.224J Airport Systems 1.231J/16.781J/ESD.224J Airport Systems –– Fall 2007Fall 2007
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Airport CharacteristicsAirport CharacteristicsObjective:– To provide background and an overview on
the diversity of airport characteristicsTopics:– Discussion of geometric characteristics of
major airports– Introduce useful background and terminology– Critical aspects of airport layouts– Some international comparisons
Reference: Chapter 9 [esp. 9.1-9.4]
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Airport Physical LayoutsAirport Physical Layouts
Airport layouts exhibit enormous variability (general layout, no. of runways, geometric configuration of runways, length of runways, location and configuration of terminal facilities)Range from very simple to complex geometriesArea occupied is only mildly correlated with traffic volumesLayouts are greatly influenced by historical and local factors
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London Gatwick (LGW)London Gatwick (LGW)
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Designation of RunwaysDesignation of RunwaysRunways are identified by a two-digit number, which indicates the magnetic azimuth of the runway in the direction of operations to the nearest 10ºWhen parallel runways are involved the indication R (“right”), L (“left”) and, with three runways, C (“center”) is also used (e.g., Runway 22R)Note that 22R is 04L in the opposite directionWith 4-6 runways, one pair is marked to the nearest 10º and the other to the next nearest 10º
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Osaka Kansai International (KIX)
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SeattleSeattle--Tacoma International (SEA)Tacoma International (SEA)
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Milan Milan MalpensaMalpensa (MXP)(MXP)
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Munich International (MUC)Munich International (MUC)
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Athens International (ATH)
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Singapore Singapore ChangiChangi International (SIN)International (SIN)
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DEVELOPMENT PHASE 1A – COMMISSIONING DATE – 2008
Delhi International Airport (IGI)
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DEVELOPMENT PHASE 1B – COMMISSIONING DATE – 2010 (FOR 2012 CAPACITY)
Delhi International Airport (IGI)
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New York LaGuardia (LGA)New York LaGuardia (LGA)
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Wind Coverage (ICAO)Wind Coverage (ICAO)
For operations on any given runway, crosswinds should not exceed:– 37 km/h (20 knots) for aircraft whose reference
field length is 1500 m or more, except with poor braking action, when the limit is 24 km/h (13 knots)
– 24 km/h (13 knots) for ref. field length between 1200 m and 1,499 m
– 19 km/h (10.5 knots) for ref field length of less than 1,200 m
Crosswind coverage (or “airport usability factor”) should be at least 95%
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Frankfurt International (FRA)Frankfurt International (FRA)
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London Heathrow (LHR)London Heathrow (LHR)
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Satellite with people movers: Tampa (TPA)Satellite with people movers: Tampa (TPA)
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Satellite with people movers: Tampa (TPA)Satellite with people movers: Tampa (TPA)
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New York JFK International (JFK)New York JFK International (JFK)
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Atlanta Hartsfield International (ATL)
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Atlanta Hartsfield International (ATL)
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Midfield linear satellites: Atlanta (ATL)Midfield linear satellites: Atlanta (ATL)
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Los Angeles International (LAX)Los Angeles International (LAX)
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Paris Charles de Gaulle (CDG)Paris Charles de Gaulle (CDG)
Page 26Source: Airliners.net
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SATURATION PHASE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Delhi International Airport (IGI)
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Zurich International (ZRH)Zurich International (ZRH)
3,300 m
3,700 m
2,500 m
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Amsterdam Amsterdam SchipholSchiphol (AMS)(AMS)
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Passenger Complex, AMS
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Denver International (DEN)
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Boston/Logan: Proposed Airside Changes (2001)Boston/Logan: Proposed Airside Changes (2001)
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Dallas / Ft. Worth (DFW)
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Chicago O’Hare (ORD)
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Land Area of Some Major AirportsLand Area of Some Major Airports
Airport Acres m2 (x106)
Denver 34,000 136Dallas/Ft. W. 18,000 72Orlando 10,000 40Kansas City 8,200 33Chicago 6,500 26Atlanta 6,000 24JFK Intern’l 4,950 20Los Angeles 3,600 14Miami 3,250 13Newark 2,300 9Boston 2,250 9Wash Reagan 960 3.8LaGuardia 650 2.6
Airport m2 (x106)Buenos Aires EZE 34Paris CDG 31Amsterdam 28Delhi 20Frankfurt 19Athens 16Munich 15Singapore 13Brussels 12Milan MXP 12London LHR 12Tokyo HND 11Sydney 9Zurich 8London GTW 8Tokyo NRT 7Kansai 5
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Factors Affecting Airport Area RequirementsFactors Affecting Airport Area Requirements
• Principal factors affecting airfield size are:– Airside capacity requirements: number and
configuration of runways and apron stands– Weather: no. and configuration of runways– Unused area: noise “buffer” or for future expansion– Types of aircraft and operations: runway, taxiway,
apron dimensions and separations– Location of passenger terminals and landside facilities
relative to runways• Terminal facilities and related landside space
typically take up only 5-20% of an airport’s total area
7541130.8Munich15827142.8Bangkok7441831.0Toronto15728044.0Hong Kong6251631.8Philadelphia10543545.5Madrid
16818931.8Tokyo/Narita10544046.1Amsterdam8438632.5Miami7561946.2Las Vegas9535333.5San Francisco7959747.3Denver
13026334.2London/Gatwick12937648.5Beijing9935034.8Orlando10848952.8Frankfurt
16421435.0Singapore10554256.8Paris/CDG8044435.5New York /Newark8670060.1Dallas/Ft. Worth7547635.6Minneapolis9365761.0Los Angeles7648236.4Detroit22928565.2Tokyo/Haneda7754141.4Phoenix14247767.5London/Heathrow11437542.6New York/JFK7995976.2Chicago/O’Hare7160342.6Houston8797684.8Atlanta
(1)/(2)(2)(1)(1)/(2)(2)(1)
30 Busiest Airports in the World (2006)(1)= pax (million); (2)= movements (thousand)
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Contribution to Available Seat Mile Growth: Contribution to Available Seat Mile Growth: US Major Carriers (1970US Major Carriers (1970--2001)2001)
Source: Eclat Consulting (2002)
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Generalizations: Major Airports...Generalizations: Major Airports...
U.S.: Large volumes of passengers and aircraft; overwhelmingly domestic; numerous regional non-jets, general aviation; small no. of pax/flight Europe: Fast-growing passenger volumes at major airports; primarily international; narrow-body airline jets still dominate; few g.a. flights; intermediate no. of pax/flightEast Asia/Pacific Rim: Fast-growing passenger volumes; strongest presence of wide-body jets; very few g.a. flights; large no. of pax/flight; numerous new low-fare carriers Diversity is enormous; understanding of local factors is essential.