aircraft systems intro

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AIRCRAFT SYSTEMSM.Tech. II Semester

Subject Code: 10MAE22

Asst. Prof. PALANIAMMAL.R

MVJCE

16-02-2012


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UNIT 1: SYSTEMS DESIGN AND

DEVELOPMENTBOOK: Aircraft Systems, mechanical, electrical and avionics subsystems integration -Ian Moir and Allan Seabridge, Professional Engineering Publishing Limited, UK, 2001

SYSTEM DESIGN:

Societies for system design are as followsSAE Society for Automobile Engineers

FAA Federal Aviation Authority

JAA Joint Airworthiness AuthorityATA Air Transport Association

RTCA Radio Technical Committee Association


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REQUIREMENTS CAPTURE

In order to identify and quantify all the key activities for all strands ofinformation, there are two basic approaches.

Top-Down approach decompose system requirements to smaller

function sub-modules.

Eg: FMS-FLIGHT MANAGEMENTSYSTEM

Bottom-Up approach Used for understanding lower level

functions and to document them by a number of sub-modules.

Eg: Integration of aircraft systems into an integrated utilitiesmanagement system.

Mostly a combination of the two methods are adopted in flight design

and development.


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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS CAPTURE:

AN EXAMPLE


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TOP DOWN APPROACH


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BOTTOM-UP APPROACH


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Aircraft Systems Engineering

Aircraft are extremely complex products comprised ofmany subsystems, components and parts.

They are but one system operating within global air

transportation or defense system of systems. The conception, design, production, operation and

maintenance of aircraft are influenced by many factorsincluding technical, economic, political, organizational,financial, and regulatory.

Systems Engineering and Systems Architecting are thefundamental disciplines embodying these methods,tools and processes.


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Aircraft Systems Engineering

Systems Architecture addresses the overall strategy fordeveloping system level requirements which meetusers needs, meet investors expectations, incorporateknowledge from past experience, and satisfiesregulatory and other constraints.

Systems Architecture addresses the overall strategy fordeveloping system level requirements which meetusers needs, meet investors expectations, incorporateknowledge from past experience, and satisfiesregulatory and other constraints.


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LEVELS - what constitutes the

system??

Level 1 The air transportation system (aircraft,airports, air traffic management ...) or the air defensesystem (aircraft, satellites, missiles, ground stations....)

Level 2 The aircraft and/or related systems (trainers,manufacturing systems, maintenance systems...)

Level 3 Major aircraft subsystems or subassemblies(flight control, propulsion hydraulic, power, flap,landing gear....)

Level 4 Components (radar, pumps, nacelles, controlsurfaces.....)

Level 5 Parts (fittings, fasteners, blades.....)


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ATWHICH LEVEL AIRCRAFTSYSTEMS

COME???

The focus of Aircraft Systems Engineering isprimarily on Level 2 - the entire aircraft.

Level 1 is addressed in our departments Air

Transportation Systems program, while Level 3 isthe focus of many of our other programs.

Although presented as a clean hierarchy hereinfor the sake of brevity and clarity, it is often the

interactions of the various (sub)-systems and/orlevels that introduces complexity and a set of keyissues that the systems engineer must examine.


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Cross-sectional view of the

F/A-18C aircraft


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Development processes of Aircraft

systems

The major phases of this model are:

Concept phase

Definition phase

Design phase

Build phase

Test phase

Operate phase

Refurbish or retire


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Request For Information (RFI)

Research and Development (R&D) base

Mutual benefit of the customer and industrial

suppliers Providing a fully compliant solution or one which

is aggressive and sympathetic to marketplacerequirements.

CONCEPT PHASE


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BASELINE PROPERTIES CONCEPT PHASETypical considerations at this phase are:

Establishing and understanding the primary role & functions of the required system.Establishing and understanding desired performance and market drivers such as:

Range

Endurance

Routes or missions

Technology baseline

Operational roles

Number of passengers

Mass, number, and type of weapons

Availability and dispatch reliability

Fleet size to perform the role or satisfy the routes

Purchase budget available

O

perating or through-life costs Commonality or model range

Market size and export potential

Customer preference

This phase is focused on establishing confidence that the requirement can be met withinacceptable commercial or technological risk.


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DEFINITION PHASE

To establish engineering joint concept teams to establish the

major system requirements called Integrated Product Teams

(IPTs).

This results in the issue of a specification or a Request For

Proposal (RFP) that allows industry to develop their concepts

into a firm definition, to evaluate the technical, technological

and commercial risks, and to examine the feasibility of

completing the design and moving to a series production

solution.


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CONSIDERATIONS IN DEFINITION PHASE Developing the concept into a firm definition of a solution.

Developing system architectures and system configurations.

Re-evaluating the supplier base to establish what equipment,

components and

materials are available or may be needed to support the emerging design.

Defining physical and installation characteristics and interface

requirements. Developing operational and initial safety models of the individual systems.

Quantifying key systems performance such as:

Mass

Volume

Growth capability

Range/endurance

Preliminary design is also likely to examine installation issues with mock-ups

in three-dimensional computer model form (CATIA) which replaces in the

main the former need for wooden and metal models.


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Design phase

Detailed design of the airframe ensures that the structure is aerodynamically sound,

is of appropriate strength, and is able to carry the crew, passengers, fuel and systems

that are required to turn it into a useful product.

Three-dimensional solid modelling tools are used to produce the design drawings,

in a format that can be used to drive machine tools to manufacture parts for assembly.Systems are developed beyond the block diagram architectural drawings into

detailed wiring diagrams.


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major safety processes

To be continued.


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aircraft systems intro

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