aircraft maintenance practices 01a handling safety

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Aircraft Maintenance Aircraft Maintenance PracticesPractices

Unit 72: Aircraft Maintenance Practices Unit 72: Aircraft Maintenance Practices

(Aircraft Handling). (Aircraft Handling).

N.Q.F Level 3: BTEC National.N.Q.F Level 3: BTEC National.

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Aircraft Maintenance PracticesAircraft Maintenance Practices

Outcomes:Outcomes:

Define/Describe Aircraft Handling Safety Precautions by:Define/Describe Aircraft Handling Safety Precautions by:

Understanding the Health & Safety precautions directly Understanding the Health & Safety precautions directly associated with Aircraft Handling.associated with Aircraft Handling.

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Aircraft Maintenance PracticesAircraft Maintenance PracticesApron Safety Ground Handling:Apron Safety Ground Handling:

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High-visibility clothing must beHigh-visibility clothing must beworn by those who need to be worn by those who need to be seen on the apron during poor seen on the apron during poor lighting or weather conditions, lighting or weather conditions,

oror when working in environments when working in environments where there is a lot of moving where there is a lot of moving

aircraft and /or machinery.aircraft and /or machinery.

High-visibility Clothing (PPE): High-visibility Clothing (PPE):

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Ear Defenders (PPE):Ear Defenders (PPE):

Noise is a problem in our environment, Noise is a problem in our environment, all aircraft engines are noisy when running, all aircraft engines are noisy when running,

therefore ensure you always wear ear therefore ensure you always wear ear defenders, protect yourself. defenders, protect yourself.

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Example B737-300Example B737-300

The ActivitiesThe ActivitiesSurrounding an AircraftSurrounding an AircraftPreparing for a Flight.Preparing for a Flight.

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Apron Safety Ground Handling:Apron Safety Ground Handling:

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Example B737-300 The Servicing Points:Example B737-300 The Servicing Points:

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Aircraft Engine Running Safety:Aircraft Engine Running Safety:

It is dangerous to work around aircraft gas turbine engines.It is dangerous to work around aircraft gas turbine engines.

When a engine is running (operating) there are safety entry and exit corridors When a engine is running (operating) there are safety entry and exit corridors that must be used. (see Aircraft Maintenance Manual Chapter 71) that must be used. (see Aircraft Maintenance Manual Chapter 71)

Personnel must stay away from inlet and exhaust areas when the engine is running.Personnel must stay away from inlet and exhaust areas when the engine is running.

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Health and Safety hazards around Gas Turbine engines that are operating (running).Health and Safety hazards around Gas Turbine engines that are operating (running).

Inlet suction.Inlet suction.Heat.Heat.

Exhaust.Exhaust.Noise.Noise.


Aircraft Engine Running Safety:Aircraft Engine Running Safety:

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Safety Entry Corridors:Safety Entry Corridors:

Engine entry corridors are between the inlet hazard area and the exhaust hazard areas, approached from the wing tip.

Only approach the engine:

When engine is at forward thrust ground idle only.

When personal are in contact with the flight station.

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Inlet Suction:Inlet Suction:

Example B777-200:Example B777-200:

Suction at the inlet of an engine can pull Suction at the inlet of an engine can pull objects, including a objects, including a personperson into the engine. into the engine.

At idle power, the hazard are is a radius At idle power, the hazard are is a radius around the inlet of 12 feet (3.7 m). around the inlet of 12 feet (3.7 m).

At maximum power the hazard are is a At maximum power the hazard are is a radius around the inlet of 27 feet (8.3 m). radius around the inlet of 27 feet (8.3 m).

The inlet hazard area is increased by 20% The inlet hazard area is increased by 20% if the surface wind is greater than 25 knots.if the surface wind is greater than 25 knots.

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Foreign Object Damage:Foreign Object Damage:

Engine damage can happen when rags, goggles, hardhats, nuts & bolts or other Engine damage can happen when rags, goggles, hardhats, nuts & bolts or other loose objects enter the engine through the inlet cowl. loose objects enter the engine through the inlet cowl.

Before starting jet engines always check for FO, during engine walk-round checks. Before starting jet engines always check for FO, during engine walk-round checks.

To help, if available use inlet guards.To help, if available use inlet guards.

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Heat:Heat:The engine exhaust temperature can remain high The engine exhaust temperature can remain high

for a long distance behind the engine.for a long distance behind the engine.

Exhaust:Exhaust:The engine makes high speed exhaust that can The engine makes high speed exhaust that can cause injury. The fan exhaust moves forward cause injury. The fan exhaust moves forward

when the thrust reverser deploys. when the thrust reverser deploys.

Heat/Exhaust:Heat/Exhaust:

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Noise:Noise:Engine noise can cause temporary and permanent hearing loss. Engine noise can cause temporary and permanent hearing loss.

Ear protectors must be worn.Ear protectors must be worn.

Warning long exposures to jet engine noise cause hearing damage even Warning long exposures to jet engine noise cause hearing damage even when you’re wearing ear protection. when you’re wearing ear protection.

Jet Engine Noise:

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Airfield Apron Safety:Airfield Apron Safety:

Aircraft moving Engines running:Aircraft moving Engines running:

TaxingTaxingAircraft Maintenance Manual ATA reference chapter 09Aircraft Maintenance Manual ATA reference chapter 09

Aircraft static Engines running:Aircraft static Engines running:

PushbackPushbackGround Runs Ground Runs

A.M.M. ATA reference chapter 71A.M.M. ATA reference chapter 71

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Taxing Aircraft Danger Areas:Taxing Aircraft Danger Areas:

Viewed from side engines at ground idle jet efflux extends to 140 feet approximately.Viewed from side engines at ground idle jet efflux extends to 140 feet approximately.Example Boeing 767-300ER Example Boeing 767-300ER PW4056, CF6-80C2 enginesengines

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Viewed from above engines at ground idle jet efflux extends to 140 feet approximately.Viewed from above engines at ground idle jet efflux extends to 140 feet approximately.Example Boeing 767-300ER Example Boeing 767-300ER PW4056, CF6-80C2 enginesengines

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Viewed from side engines at full power jet efflux extends to 140 feet approximately.Viewed from side engines at full power jet efflux extends to 140 feet approximately.Example Boeing 767-300ER Rolls Royce RB211-524 enginesExample Boeing 767-300ER Rolls Royce RB211-524 engines


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Engine Ground Safety Precautions:Engine Ground Safety Precautions:

The operation of jet power engines is dangerous. The operation of jet power engines is dangerous.

While the engine operates, these dangerous conditions can occur.While the engine operates, these dangerous conditions can occur.

There is a very strong suction at the front of the engine that can pull persons There is a very strong suction at the front of the engine that can pull persons and unwanted materials into the air inlet.and unwanted materials into the air inlet.

Very hot, high speed gases go rearward from the turbine exhaust nozzle.Very hot, high speed gases go rearward from the turbine exhaust nozzle.

The fan exhaust at high thrust has very high speed.The fan exhaust at high thrust has very high speed.

When the thrust reverser is extended, the fan exhaust goes forward while When the thrust reverser is extended, the fan exhaust goes forward while the turbine exhaust is goes rearward.the turbine exhaust is goes rearward.

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GroundGround Idle.Idle.

Example B737-300Example B737-300

Aircraft Engine Running Safety Zones:Aircraft Engine Running Safety Zones:

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Break-wayBreak-wayPowerPower

Both Engines:Both Engines:

Aircraft Engine Running Safety Zones:Aircraft Engine Running Safety Zones:

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WARNINGWARNING

The next three slides show the harsh reality of The next three slides show the harsh reality of how dangerous jet engines can be.how dangerous jet engines can be.

Look away now if you do not like the sight of blood and guts.

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Don’t let it be YOU!Don’t let it be YOU!

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Engine Noise Hazard Areas :Engine Noise Hazard Areas :

Always wear ear protectors (PPE).Always wear ear protectors (PPE).

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Aircraft Maintenance Aircraft Maintenance Manual Chapter 71Manual Chapter 71

Safety Strap/Lanyard:Safety Strap/Lanyard:

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Thrust Reverse Danger Areas:Thrust Reverse Danger Areas:

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Thrust Reverse Danger Areas:Thrust Reverse Danger Areas:

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Do not approach a turning propeller.Do not approach a turning propeller.

For those who don’t know why propeller tips For those who don’t know why propeller tips

are painted a different color than the rest of are painted a different color than the rest of

the propeller it is for ground safety reasons. the propeller it is for ground safety reasons.

The spinning propeller becomes invisible, The spinning propeller becomes invisible,

but the colored tip is visible to serve as a but the colored tip is visible to serve as a

warning that it is there, so ground personnel warning that it is there, so ground personnel

don’t inadvertently step into its path. don’t inadvertently step into its path.

Propeller Safety:Propeller Safety:

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Unless unavoidable never approach a helicopter with Unless unavoidable never approach a helicopter with its rotors turning.its rotors turning.

Remember always approach and walk away from Remember always approach and walk away from a helicopter from the front /side to avoid the tail rotor. a helicopter from the front /side to avoid the tail rotor.

The front of the aircraft is the safe zone, but never The front of the aircraft is the safe zone, but never approach an aircraft unless instructed to do so by approach an aircraft unless instructed to do so by

the pilot , flight crew. or ground crew .the pilot , flight crew. or ground crew .

Helicopter Rotor Safety:Helicopter Rotor Safety:

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Radio Transmission:Radio Transmission:

Electrostatic Magnetic Wave which could cause a spark.Electrostatic Magnetic Wave which could cause a spark.

Before transmitting by radio, check that refuelling is not in progress as the Before transmitting by radio, check that refuelling is not in progress as the transmission may induce enough voltage to cause a spark in the nearby metal.transmission may induce enough voltage to cause a spark in the nearby metal.

The risk is greater for high frequency systems as they transmit much more The risk is greater for high frequency systems as they transmit much more power than VHF systems and under no circumstances should they be used power than VHF systems and under no circumstances should they be used

when refuelling.when refuelling.

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Earthing and Bonding:Earthing and Bonding:

Earthing: Static builds up on the aircraft during flight when the aircraft lands this Earthing: Static builds up on the aircraft during flight when the aircraft lands this static, flows through the bonded airframe and the remaining charge will bleed static, flows through the bonded airframe and the remaining charge will bleed away through conductive tyres or earthing strap which allows this to happen.away through conductive tyres or earthing strap which allows this to happen.

Bonding: allows electrical charge to equalise throughout the aircraft and prevent Bonding: allows electrical charge to equalise throughout the aircraft and prevent a build up of a difference of potential between parts of the aircraft.a build up of a difference of potential between parts of the aircraft.

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Bonding - Static Discharge:Bonding - Static Discharge:

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Requirements for Fire:Requirements for Fire:

There are three requirements for fire to take There are three requirements for fire to take place.place.

There must be a fuel, which is any material that There must be a fuel, which is any material that will combine with oxygen.will combine with oxygen.

There must be oxygen with which can combine.There must be oxygen with which can combine.

There must be a means of increasing the There must be a means of increasing the

temperature of the fuel to its kindling point, this is temperature of the fuel to its kindling point, this is

the point at which combustion will occur.the point at which combustion will occur.

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Ground use Fire Extinguishers:Ground use Fire Extinguishers:

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Carbon Dioxide (CO2) based fire based fire

extinguishers are primarily used extinguishers are primarily used

for fighting electrical fires. for fighting electrical fires.

The liquid CO2 dissipates cleanly The liquid CO2 dissipates cleanly

into the atmosphere after the into the atmosphere after the

fire has been extinguished. fire has been extinguished.

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http://www.actfire.co.uk/product/1071.php

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Dry Powder Dry Powder Standard or Multi-Purpose Dry Powder Standard or Multi-Purpose Dry Powder

Fire Extinguishers are safe to use Fire Extinguishers are safe to use

on most kinds of fire,on most kinds of fire,

(Class A, B & C) .(Class A, B & C) .

E.g. Fires caused by petrol,E.g. Fires caused by petrol,

oil, fat, paint, solvents, grease,oil, fat, paint, solvents, grease,

propane, butane and natural gas, propane, butane and natural gas,

as well as electrical equipment. as well as electrical equipment.


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Foam Fire ExtinguishersFoam Fire Extinguishers Are ideal for multi-risk Are ideal for multi-risk

situations where class A and B risks exist. situations where class A and B risks exist. Class B fires, those involving flammable liquids, Class B fires, those involving flammable liquids,

such as petrol, diesel, spirits, solvents and lubricants, such as petrol, diesel, spirits, solvents and lubricants, can be tackled very effectively. The foam fire can be tackled very effectively. The foam fire

extinguishers, which are available in both gas cartridgeextinguishers, which are available in both gas cartridge and stored pressure versions, contain an and stored pressure versions, contain an

aqueous film forming foam which gives rapid flame aqueous film forming foam which gives rapid flame knock-down and has a blanketing effect, smothering knock-down and has a blanketing effect, smothering the flames and sealing vapours to prevent re-ignition.the flames and sealing vapours to prevent re-ignition.

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http://simplyextinguishers.co.uk/fire-extinguisher/50-litre-foam-wheeled.html

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The correct behaviour in case of a fire is very important and decisive to protect people and material assets.

A procedure is:Raise the alarm, contact fire services and get people out of the building.

Fire Safety:Fire Safety:

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Fighting a Fire:Fighting a Fire:

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Fighting a Fire:Fighting a Fire:

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Plenary:Plenary:

Aircraft Handling Safety Precautions byAircraft Handling Safety Precautions bybeing able to Define/Describe:being able to Define/Describe:

Apron SafetyApron SafetyHigh-Vis PPEHigh-Vis PPE

Jet Efflux TaxingJet Efflux TaxingJet Efflux Engine RunningJet Efflux Engine Running

Propeller SafetyPropeller SafetyRotor SafetyRotor Safety

Radio TransmissionsRadio TransmissionsEarthing and BondingEarthing and Bonding

Fire ExtinguishersFire Extinguishers

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aircraft maintenance practices 01a handling safety

Documents

engine damage

aircraft engines

engine exhaust temperature

engine entry corridors

lot of moving aircraft

aircraft gas turbine

inlet hazard area

engine walkround checks