1. 1. Rasedul Islam Sagor ID:14307002 Prince partick ID:14307004 Saiful Islam ID:14307010 Sadnan shihab ID:14307014 Hadiul Islam ID:14307026 Section: F Program: BSME Group B
2. 2. An aircraft is a machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air, or in general, the atmosphere of a planet. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil,or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines. Img1: Some Aircrafts picture.
3. 3. Flying model craft and stories of manned flight go back many centuries, however the first manned ascent and safe descent in modern times took place by hot-air balloon in the 18th century. Each of the two World Wars led to great technical advances. Consequently the history of aircraft can be divided into five eras: 1. Pioneers of flight From the earliest experiments to 1914. 2. First World War 1914 to 1918 3. Aviation between the World Wars 1918 to 1939. 4. Second World War 1939 to 1945. 5.Postwar era also called the jet age 1945 to the present day. Era Name Year
4. 4. Img1:Early Kites5th century BC Img2:Hot Airballons 3rd century BC Img4:La France 1884 Img7:Planophore 1871 Img6:Albatros 2 1868 Img5:Monoplane 1874 Img12:Paul cornes helicopter 1907 Img11:Wright glider 1902 Img10:Avion 3 1897 Img9:Maxims Flying 1891 Img8:Victor Tatin 1879 Img3:Dirigibles 24 september 1852
5. 5. Img1:AutoChrome Lumiere Img2:Front page of the New York Times Mid- Week Pictorial, January 1st 1917. Img6:The slow, all-too-stable B.E. 2c was still in service in 1916, literally a "flying target" for German pilots. Img5:The actual aircraft that started the "Fokker Scourge Img4:The actual Scout C, RFC serial no. 1611, flown by Lanoe Hawker on 25 July 1915 in his Victoria Cross- earning engagement. Img3:Front page of the New York Times Mid-Week Pictorial, January 1st 1917. Img7:A lineup of Albatros D.IIIs of Jasta 11 in early 1917 - the second aircraft in this lineup belonged to Manfred von Richthofen.
6. 6. The period in the History of aviation between the end of World War I (1918) and the beginning of World War II (1939) was characterised by a progressive change from the slow wood-and-fabric biplanes of World War I to fast, streamlined metal monoplanes, creating a revolution in both commercial and military aviation. Img1:USS Akron over Lower Manhattancirca 1932 Img2:US Navy airship USS Macon (ZRS-5) over Moffett Field in 1933
7. 7. Un-Powered Aircraft Glider aircraft Ballons Kites Img1:Modern 'flexible wing' hang glider. Img3:Delta kite Img2:A hot air balloon in flight.
8. 8. Powered Aircraft Propeller aircraft Jet aircraft Rotorcraft Ornithopter Img1:floatplane Img3:Helicopter Img4:The Pteryx Skybird ornithopter in flight Img2:Lockheed Martin F- 22A Raptor
9. 9. An aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that genera tes mechanical power. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines. There are various types of Engines. Normally we divide Aircraft Engines in 3 types.There are: Shaft Engines 1.Reciprocating (piston) Engines 2.Turbine Engines Reaction Engines 1.Jets 2.Pulse Jets 3.Rockets Newer Engines types 1.Wankel Engine 2.Diesel engine 3.Precooled jet engfines 4.Electric
10. 10. Reciprocating Engines Img1:Inline Engine Img6:Rotary engineImg5:Radial engine Img4:H configuration engine Img3:Horizontally opposed engineImg2: V type Engine
11. 11. Turbine Powered Img1:Turboprop Img2:Turboshaft
12. 12. Img1:Turbo Jet Img2:Turbo Fan Img3:Pulse Jet Img4:Rocket Engine
13. 13. Wankel engine Diesel engine Img1:First DKM Wankel engine designed Img2:Thielert Centurion aircraft diesel engine.
14. 14. How Wings Lift the Plane Airplane wings are shaped to make air move faster over the top of the wing. When air moves faster, the pressure of the air decreases. So the pressure on the top of the wing is less than the pressure on the bottom of the wing. The difference in pressure creates a force on the wing that lifts the wing up into the air. Img1:Computer Simulation of a Aircraft that how wings make lift .
15. 15. Laws of Motion Sir Isaac Newton proposed three laws of motion in 1665. These Laws of Motion help to explain how a planes flies. 1. If an object is not moving, it will not start moving by itself. If an object is moving, it will not stop or change direction unless something pushes it. 2. Objects will move farther and faster when they are pushed harder. 3. When an object is pushed in one direction, there is always a resistance of the same size in the opposite direction. Forces of Flight Four forces of flight: Lift-Upward Drag-backward Weighet-downward Thurst-forward
16. 16. Controlling the Flight of a Plane To- Roll the plane to the right or left, the ailerons are raised on one wing and lowered on the other. The wing with the lowered aileron rises while the wing with the raised aileron drops. Pitch makes a plane descend or climb. The pilot adjusts the elevators on the tail to make a plane descend or climb. Lowering the elevators caused the airplane's nose to drop, sending the plane into a down. Raising the elevators causes the airplane to climb. Yaw is the turning of a plane. When the rudder is turned to one side, the airplane moves left or right. The airplane's nose is pointed in the same direction as the direction of the rudder. The rudder and the ailerons are used together to make a turn How does a Pilot Control the Plane? Img1:Airplane Cockpit
17. 17. To control a plane a pilot uses several instruments... The pilot controls the engine power using the throttle. Pushing the throttle increases power, and pulling it decreases power. The Ailerons raise and lower the wings. The pilot controls the roll of the plane by raising one aileron or the other with a control wheel. Turning the control wheel clockwise raises the right aileron and lowers the left aileron, which rolls the aircraft to the right. The Rudder works to control the yaw of the plane. The pilot moves rudder left and right, with left and right pedals. Pressing the right rudder pedal moves the rudder to the right. This yaws the aircraft to the right. Used together, the rudder and the ailerons are used to turn the plane. The Elevators which are on the tail section are used to control the pitch of the plane. A pilot uses a control wheel to raise and lower the elevators, by moving it forward to back ward. Lowering the elevators makes the plane nose go down and allows the plane to go down. By raising the elevators the pilot can make the plane go up.
18. 18. The pilot of the plane pushes the top of the rudder pedals to use the brakes. The brakes are used when the plane is on the ground to slow down the plane and get ready for stopping it. The top of the left rudder controls the left brake and the top of the right pedal controls the right brake. If you look at these motions together you can see that each type of motion helps control the direction and level of the plane when it is flying. Img1:Pitch,Roll and Yaw of a Plane.
19. 19. Sound Barrier Sound Barrier 1 Sound Barrier 2 Sound Barrier 3 In order to travel faster than the speed of sound the plane needs to be able to break through the shock wave. When the airplane moves through the waves, it is makes the sound waves spread out and this creates a loud noise or sonic boom .
20. 20. To study in Aviation Technology many Bangladeshi Institution provides Bachelor or diploma degree. Institute Name Website Military Institute of Science and Technology (Public) http://www.mist.ac.bd College of Aviation Technology http://www.catechedu.bd Aeronautical Institute of Bangladesh http://www.aib.edu.bd United College of Aviation Science and Management http://www.uca.edu.bd Cambrian International College of Aviation https://www.facebook.com/C ambrianIntlCollegeOfAviation Heritage International college of Aviation http://www.heritageaviation bd.com/ Aeronautical College of Bangladesh http://www.acb-bd.com Galaxy Flying Academy http://www.galaxyflyingacad emy.com
21. 21. Aircraft Maintenance Engineering Airframe and Engine Designing System Engineering Liason Engineering Aero Manufacturing Aircraft Manufacturing Aerospace Engineering Airtraffic Controller Aviation Management etc.
22. 22. Limitation Overcome those Limitation Parts manufacturers Maintenance organizations Flight instructors and utility/charter pilots Flight schools Aircraft owners' insurance and personal assets. Parts manufacturer industry Should take more order from their clients. Maintenance organizations have to be more careful about aviation industry. Need more skillful Flight instructors Need more Aviation school International Civil Aviation Organization should give more safety for Aircraft owner insurance and personal assets.
23. 23. All of contents collects from various sources . We mention some link of collectors website as a reference : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aviation http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/airflylvl3.htm http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/engines.html http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k- 12/UEET/StudentSite/dynamicsofflight.html http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/engines.html http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/airplanes.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_engine http://www.aviationschoolsonline.com/schools-country- listings/flight/Bangladesh/1.php Special Thanks to: http://google.com.bd
24. 24. If you have any questions well be happy to answer them as we go along !