0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Time (hr)

ML

H (

m)

DECMLH

JANMLH

FEBMLH

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

DECPM25

JANPM25

FEBPM25

PM

2.5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

DECNOX

JANNOX

FEBNOX

NO

X

Time (hr)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

DECO3

JANO3

FEBO3

O3

Air quality through

measurement of Criterion

pollutants & Chemical

speciation of particulates

Area: Delhi

SAFAR network & special

field campaigns

Instruments: Low volume

sampler, EC/OC analyser,

Atomic Absorption

Spectrometer, Ceilometer,

Met tower

Objective

Ca, Fe, Zn, K are the major constituents of PM2.5

Toxic metals Cd and Pb are detected at Lodi, Noida,

Okhla and Ayanagar

Total Metal composition is 10 (Lodi) to 16% (Ayanagar)

of PM2.5

Total metal mass density is an order less in Summer

relative to Winter

Mixed Layer Height derived from Ceilometer varies

from 100 m (night time) to 800 m (afternoon) in winter

PM2.5 reduces by 14 μg m-3 (in Dec) and 7 μg m-3 (in

Feb) as MLH increases by 100 m during convective period.

Strong turbulent mixing or dilution offsets near surface

PM2.5 in spite of relatively high PM2.5 emissions during

day time.

Fig: Monthly mean diurnal variation of Mixed Layer Height, PM2.5, NOx,

Ozone

Fig: Metal composition (%) of PM2.5

Fig: Sampling locations for

Summer campaign

Fig: Spatial distribution- Metal composition of PM2.5 in Summer 2018

As

Ca

Cd

Co Cr

Cu Fe K

Mg

Mn

Na Ni

Pb

Se

Zn

1E-3

0.01

0.1

1

10

mas

s d

ensi

ty,

g m

-3

AYA NAGAR

As

Ca

Cd

Co Cr

Cu Fe K

Mg

Mn

Na Ni

Pb

Se

Zn

1E-3

0.01

0.1

1

10

OKHLA

As

Ca

Cd

Co Cr

Cu Fe K

Mg

Mn

Na Ni

Pb

Se

Zn

1E-3

0.01

0.1

1

10

LODI ROAD

mas

s d

ensi

ty,

g m

-3

As

Ca

Cd

Co Cr

Cu Fe K

Mg

Mn

Na Ni

Pb

Se

Zn

1E-3

0.01

0.1

1

10

NOIDA

WINTER 2018

Order of metals from high to low concentration in

winter AYANAGAR

Ca>Fe>Zn>K>Pb>Na>Mg>Ni>Mn>Cu>Cr>Cd>Co

OKHLA

Ca>Fe>K>Zn>Pb>Na>Mg>Cu>Mn>Ni>Cr>Cd

LODI ROAD

Ca>K>Zn>Fe>Pb>Na>Mg>Ni>Cu>Cr>Mn>Cd>As>Se

NOIDA

Ca>K>Fe>Zn>Pb>Mg>Cu>Na>Cd>Ni>Cr>Mn>Co

Thresholds: Pb (3); Cd (0.05); Zn

(100), Europian std, µgm-3

The analysis considered about 20-

25 samples for Aya Nagar, Okhla,

Noida and about 10 samples for

Lodhi Road (Dec 2017- Feb 2018)

Cd is detected at all stations and

above limits

High values of Pb for all stations

Considering sample attributes;

6hrly and PM2.5 range, Pb might

cross critical levels

As, and Se are only detected @

Lodhi

Co is detected @ Aya Nagar &

Noida

Region details in map: NE(3 stations),NW (4), SE(22), SW(4), Punjabi

Bagh station located at the centre.

Sample attributes: 18-24 hr; one sample per station

Total Metal content: SE>NE>NW>SW

With highest metal SE has highest Ca, Na, Fe, Mg with exceptionally

high Ni content

Pb is highest in NW so is Cd & Zn

NE, leads K (biomass burning), Cr & Cu (markedly) and Mn.

SW comparatively cleaner, Cr is not detected here.

Month Correlation with MLH slope Intercept

PM2.5 NOX O3 PM2.5 NOX O3 PM2.5 NOX O3

DEC2017 -0.47 -0.81 0.83 -0.14 -0.07 0.08 190 60.0 2.9

JAN2018 -0.76 -0.75 0.87 -0.13 -0.02 0.05 166 17.5 5.8

FEB2018 -0.76 -0.92 0.85 -0.07 -0.18 0.04 106 12.0 7.0

Linear fit between MLH and PM2.5, NOX and Ozone during 0800-2000 hr Delhi (winter)

PM2.5 Sampling: Low volume

sampler with quartz/teflon

filters

Time period:

Winter : Daily two six hr

samples in (Jan-Feb 2018) at

4 stations

Summer (2018): Single

sample of 18-24 hr at

stations all around Delhi

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 2410

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26 DEC

JAN

FEB

Tv

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

WS

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

us

tar

Time (hr) IST

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

-20

0

20

40

60

80

HF

Time (hr) IST

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

DEC

JAN

FEB

DIR

LODI NOIDA OKHLA AYANAGAR

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Fra

cti

on

of

PM

2.5

(%

) Zn

Se

Pb

Ni

Na

Mn

Mg

K

Fe

Cu

Cr

Co

Cd

Ca

As

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

PM

2.5

;

ML

H X

PM

2.5

Time (h)

Normalize to [0, 1] of PM25

Normalize to [0, 1] of MLHPM25

DEC2017

PM

2.5

,;

ML

H X

PM

2.5

Time (h)

JAN2018

Accumulation

Dilution

PM

2.5

;

ML

H X

PM

2.5

Time (h)

FEB2018

0

200

400

600

800 MLH

ML

H (

m)

0

200

400

600

800 MLH

ML

H (

m)

0

200

400

600

800

c

b

MLH

ML

H (

m)

a

As Ca Cd Co Cr Cu Fe K Mg Mn Na Ni Pb Se Zn

1E-3

0.01

0.1

1 NE (3)

NW (4)

SE (22)

SW (4)

g

m-3

Summer (May 2018)

NE NW SE SW

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Zn

Se

Pb

Ni

Na

Mn

Mg

K

Fe

Cu

Cr

Co

Cd

Ca

As

g

m-3

Fig: Met parameters-diurnal variation

Chemical Speciation of Particulate Matter in Delhi

METROPOLITAN AIR QUALITY AND WEATHER SERVICES - SAFAR

Indian Institute Of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India

Objective

Fig : Chemical speciation of PM2.5 in Delhi during Winter

Result

Summer campaign- region wise

Mobile App: SAFAR-AirEmail: safar@tropmet.res.inWebsite: http://safar.tropmet.res.in/