air quality control asia-europe meeting (asem) seminar on capacity building on air pollution...
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Air Quality Control
Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) Seminar on Capacity Building on Air Pollution Prevention and Control
22-23 October 2013Beijing, China
Young-woo ParkRegional Director and Representative for Asia and the Pacific
United Nations Environment ProgrammeBangkok
Major Air Pollutants• Carbon di oxide( CO2) : leads to global warming• SOx• NOx• CO• Hydro Carbon (HC)• Lead• Particulate Matter
Common Sources of Air Pollution• Common sources of air pollution are industrial and domestic stationary
sources, mobile sources, marine emissions, solid-waste burning, rural area sources, and terrestrial and transport sourcesSource of Air Pollution Examples / Components
Industrial Power plants and boilers; CO2, SOx, NOx, Particulate matter
Domestic Fuel used for cooking , heating etc; CO2, SOx, NOx, Particulate matter
Marine Burning of furnace oil; PM, SOx, HC
Solid Waste burning Open field solid waste burning
Rural Area Fuel used for domestic purposes, open field burning of agriculture waste
Terrestrial and Transport Vehicles using fuel and terrestrial sources like dust storms etc.
BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS IS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF AIR POLLUTION
World : Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 um or less (PM10) in 1100 urban areas, 2003–2010
Major Causes of Air Pollution
• Large scale urbanization – unplanned growth of cities• Increase in industrialization• Rapid change in land use ; deforestation etc• Poor transport planning – increase in use of personal
mode of transportation• Subsidies on energy sources• Perpetuation of old and inefficient technologies• Lack of cost internalization• Lack of market pressure
Constrains for Asian Countries
• Access to clean technology - TECHNOLOGY• Loose or no standards and regulatory
mechanisms - POLICY• Poor monitoring and enforcement• Lack of long term vision and planning• Low capacity of institutions to tackle the issue,
need for a holistic approach- CAPACITY• Financial capacity to bring in immediate change
Co-benefits of Action on air pollution
• Improved Health• Reduced global warming – mitigating climate
change• Leads to energy security• Higher crop yields
Interventions required
• Supporting countries to develop policies and targeted technological interventions
• Development of regional standards and protocols • Creating framework for access to clean
technologies• Institutional capacity building• Programs targeting – freight movements, clean
fuels, vehicle standards etc.• Awareness raising
UNEP facilitated intergovernmental networks
Asia-Pacific • East and Southeast Asia- Acid Deposition Monitoring
Network in East Asia (EANET) (UNEP Secretariat) • South Asia- Malé Declaration on Air Pollution (UNEP
Secretariat) • Southeast Asia- Treaty on the control of haze pollution from
forest clearance (UNEP facilitated) • Central Asia- Environmental treaty considering air pollution
as a major issue (UNEP facilitated) • Asian-Pacific- Network of networks on atmospheric
Environmental Issues (UNEP Secretariat)
Other related UNEP Work
• Secretariat of Climate and clean air collation• Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI)• data development and analysis of fuel economy potentials,
support for national, regional awareness and policy making efforts
• The Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV)• access information to organizations & networks, workshops
on clean fleet management to support efficient vehicles policies