air qqyuality issues -- the challenges

Air Quality Issues -- the ChallengesQ y g

Masters Leadership Program MissionTo provide proven leaders with a unique opportunity to

learn firsthand about the issues and needs in Bexar County, while encouraging the use of their skills for the

betterment of the community.

Thank you!

Peter BellaAlamo Area Council of GovernmentsMasters Leadership Program 2013 – Environmental DayMarch 6 2013March 6, 2013

The Alamo Area Council ofCouncil of Governments

• AACOG provides direct services• AACOG provides direct services & planning supporting communities and local governments in a 12 county area of south central Texas

• Contains the 8 county San Antonio – New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical AreaMetropolitan Statistical Area (MSA):

Atascosa, Bandera, Bexar, Comal, Guadalupe, Kendall, Medina, andGuadalupe, Kendall, Medina, and

Wilson Counties

http://www.aacog.com/

What is ozone?What is ozone?• Ozone is an odorless, colorless gas., g• Ground-level ozone can cause:

– shortness of breath– coughing or wheezing– headaches nausea– throat and lung irritation

• Ground-level ozone’s effects are most profound pon children, the elderly, and those with reduced lung capacity.

• The Clean Air Act: ozone regulation.

What Causes Ozone?What Causes Ozone?

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) &Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

Emission Trends for VOC and NOx in

San Antonio / New Braunfels MSA 1996 to 2018/

atio

ny

MS

A P

opul

ani

o 8-

Cou

nty

San

Ant

o

Does Not Include Eagle Ford Emissions

2008 Ozone Standard & AACOG region2008 Ozone Standard & AACOG region

KEY2008 Ozone Standard: “3‐Year Average”

needs to be less than 76 parts per billion (ppb).

Monitoring SiteFourth Highest Average Current

Three-Year2010 2011 2012 Averageg

Camp Bullis C58 78 75 87 80

Calaveras Lake C59 67 71 70 69

San Antonio Northwest C23 72 79 81 77

Violation: the three year average of ozone levels on local monitors was too high

San Antonio Northwest C23 72 79 81

levels on local monitors was too high.

Data: http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/cgi-bin/compliance/monops/8hr_attainment.pl

Eagle Ford & SA‐NB Metropolitan Statistical Area

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration,http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/rpd/shaleusa9.pdf

Initial Estimations: EFS, 2012Draft NOx Emissions in tons per day from 24‐county Eagle Ford shale play

Emissions Source 2012

Initial Estimations: EFS, 2012

* 2012 estimations for Production does not include all sources. Production may

create up to 20 additional tons of NOx/day

Exploration and Pad Construction 1.0Drilling 25.8Hydraulic Fracturing 16.3Wellhead Compressors 22 3 create up to 20 additional tons of NOx/day

in 2012. Wellhead Compressors 22.3Wellhead Flares 21.3Midstream Facilities 18.3

Total* Estimated Emissions 105.0

NOx Emissions in tons per day from Point Sources, 8‐County San Antonio‐New Braunfels MSA

Type of Industry / Year 2008 2013 2018Electricity Generation 46.5 42.9 42.9Cement Industry 20.9 25 25Petroleum Industry 5.7 5.7 5.7Manufacturing 1.1 1.1 1.4Military Bases 0.9 0.9 0.9Other Sources 0.6 0.6 0.6Total 75.9 76.4 76.6

EPA Nonattainment RequirementsEPA Nonattainment Requirements• Nonattainment New Source Review:

– Seeks industry and business emission reductions

– Allowances are reduced under emissions permits

• Transportation Conformity– The MPO is the responsible agency for complianceThe MPO is the responsible agency for compliance in Transportation Conformity.

– Projects in the Transportation Improvement j p pProgram and the Metropolitan Transportation Plan must not add net pollution.

EXTREME(20 Years)

SEVERE(15‐17 Years)

SERIOUS(9 Years)

Enhanced Enhanced Enhanced Enhanced

MODERATE(6 Years)

MARGINAL(3 Years)

Clean Fuels and Clean Fuels and Clean Fuels and Clean Fuels and Vehicle Miles Vehicle Miles

Traveled Growth Traveled Growth Vehicle Miles Vehicle Miles

Traveled Growth Traveled Growth

Enhanced Enhanced Monitoring and Monitoring and Inspection and Inspection and MaintenanceMaintenance

Modeled Attainment Modeled Attainment DemonstrationDemonstration

3% per Year VOC 3% per Year VOC

Enhanced Enhanced Monitoring and Monitoring and Inspection and Inspection and MaintenanceMaintenance

Modeled Attainment Modeled Attainment DemonstrationDemonstration

3% per Year VOC 3% per Year VOC

Basic Inspection and Basic Inspection and MaintenanceMaintenance

RACT & RACM RACT & RACM Emissions ReductionsEmissions Reductions

Basic Inspection and Basic Inspection and MaintenanceMaintenance

RACT & RACM RACT & RACM Emissions ReductionsEmissions Reductions

Emissions InventoryEmissions Inventory

Emissions Emissions StatementsStatements

Emissions InventoryEmissions Inventory

Emissions Emissions StatementsStatements

Controls for BoilersControls for Boilers

Traffic Controls Traffic Controls During CongestionDuring Congestion

Controls for BoilersControls for Boilers

Traffic Controls Traffic Controls During CongestionDuring Congestion

OffsetOffset

Major Source Fees Major Source Fees for Failure to Attain for Failure to Attain

(185 Fees)(185 Fees)

OffsetOffset

Major Source Fees Major Source Fees for Failure to Attain for Failure to Attain

(185 Fees)(185 Fees)

Reductions After 6 Reductions After 6 YearsYears

RFP Milestone RFP Milestone Contingency Contingency MeasuresMeasures

Clean Fuels ProgramClean Fuels Program

Reductions After 6 Reductions After 6 YearsYears

RFP Milestone RFP Milestone Contingency Contingency MeasuresMeasures


Attainment Attainment DemonstrationDemonstration

Contingency Contingency MeasuresMeasures

Attainment Attainment DemonstrationDemonstration

Contingency Contingency MeasuresMeasures

Nonattainment NSR Nonattainment NSR Program & Emissions Program & Emissions

OffsetsOffsets

RACT FixupsRACT Fixups

Nonattainment NSR Nonattainment NSR Program & Emissions Program & Emissions

OffsetsOffsets

RACT FixupsRACT Fixups


VMT DemonstrationVMT Demonstration

Stage II Gasoline Stage II Gasoline Vapor RecoveryVapor Recovery


VMT DemonstrationVMT Demonstration

Stage II Gasoline Stage II Gasoline Vapor RecoveryVapor Recovery

RFP RFP ‐‐ 15% VOC 15% VOC Reductions within 6 Reductions within 6

years years

RFP RFP ‐‐ 15% VOC 15% VOC Reductions within 6 Reductions within 6

years years

Inspection and Inspection and MaintmenanceMaintmenanceCorrectionsCorrections

Inspection and Inspection and MaintmenanceMaintmenanceCorrectionsCorrections

1010

1 5 : 11 5 : 11 5 : 11 5 : 1

2525

1 3 : 11 3 : 11 3 : 11 3 : 1

5050

1 2 : 11 2 : 11 2 : 11 2 : 1

100100

1 15 : 11 15 : 11 15 : 11 15 : 1

100100

1 1 : 11 1 : 11 1 : 11 1 : 11.5 : 11.5 : 11.5 : 11.5 : 1 1.3 : 11.3 : 11.3 : 11.3 : 1 1.2 : 11.2 : 11.2 : 11.2 : 1 1.15 : 11.15 : 11.15 : 11.15 : 1 1.1 : 11.1 : 11.1 : 11.1 : 1

Houston-Galveston-Brazoria: Marginal NA for 2008 O3 std. (12/31/15), Severe NA for 1997 O3 std. (6/15/19)Dallas-Fort Worth: Moderate NA for 2008 O3 standard (12/31/18), Serious NA for 1997 O3 standard (6/15/13)

What is the AIR Committee Doing?What is the AIR Committee Doing?• Ozone Advance

– EPA program to provide assistance to areas interested in staying in attainmenty g

– Voluntary program for voluntary progress

– If we are subject to a nonattainment designation, AND we have implementedAND we have implemented adequate reduction, EPA administrator MAY allow time.

What is the AIR Committee Doing?What is the AIR Committee Doing?• Ozone Advance

– Outreach to local business and industry• Catalogue existing “clean” practices

– July 25, 2013: “Path Forward” letter to EPA with list of control strategies to put in place

• South Tx. Natural Gas Vehicle Consortium– Mission: increase natural gas vehicle fleets, refueling

f Sinfrastructure and transportation market in S. Texas

• Eagle Ford Emissions Inventory Group

Questions / CommentsQuestions / Comments

Contact Information:Contact Information:Peter Bella

Director Natural Resources AACOGDirector Natural Resources, AACOG

[email protected]

(210) 362-5249(210) 362 5249

EPA Timeline: NonattainmentEPA Timeline: Nonattainment• EPA review of 2008 standard complete: December 2013

• One of Multiple Scenarios following review:– December 2013: EPA toughens 2008 Ozone Standard; p blishes draft 2013 O one Standardpublishes draft 2013 Ozone Standard

– December 2014: 2013 Ozone Standard promulgated

– 2015 (*CAA: 1 year after promul ) Governor submits list2015 ( CAA: 1 year after promul.), Governor submits list

– 2016 (*CAA: 2 years after promul.), EPA makes nonattainment designations

– 2016 Non Attainment designation: 2013‐2015 data decides

• Section 107(d)(1)(B)(i): http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/7407• CAA = Clean Air Act• EPA = Environmental Protection Agency

Rural Ozone Increases Downwind from

Ozone Increases Further Due to

High Ozone ExtendsBackground

Ozone LevelRelatively low

Wind Direction

Downwind from Major Combustion

Sources

Further Due to Numerous Urban

Sources

Extends Downward from

Urban Areas

Rural Sources

C

Major Combustion

S

UrbanSources

C T k

Wind Direction

CarsTrucksLocomotivesSmall Engines

SourcesPower Generation

Cement Industry

Cars TrucksBuses AirportsIndustries ConstructionLawn & Garden Equipmentg

VegetationCement IndustryManufacturing

q pVegetation

Courtesy TCEQ

EPA Default Boundary: MSAEPA Default Boundary: MSA

Metropolitan Image CourtesySA-BC MPOp

Statistical AreaArea

Atascosa, Bandera BexarBandera, Bexar, Comal, Guadalupe,Guadalupe, Kendall, Medina, and Wilson Countiesand Wilson Counties

See page 3, “Area Designations for the 2008 Revised Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards”:http://www.epa.gov/groundlevelozone/designations/2008standards/documents/2008-12/Area_Designations_for_the_2008_Revised_Ozone_NAAQS.pdf

Transport

Image courtesy of the Capital Area Council of Governments

C23 Back Trajectories on Days with 8‐Hour Ozone > 75 ppb and the Location of Eagle Ford, 2008‐2011

NOAA, Feb. 26, 2010. “Realtime Environmental Applications and Display sYstem (READY)”.Available online: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html. Accessed 01/12/12.

Ozone Precursor Totals, 2008 & 2013, SA-NB MSA, ,

250.0

230 7 T P D

95.0

200.0180 Tons Per Day

VOC, 2008172.2 Tons Per Day

VOC, 2013

230.7 Tons Per DayNOx, 2008

183.6 Tons Per DayNOx, 2013

10 8

48.1 35.6 53.1150.0 On‐Road

Point

10.710.8

75.976.4

100.0

Area

Non‐Road

Does Not94.4 100.9

20.521.4

50.0

Does Not Include

Eagle FordEmissions

26.8 24.939.4 32.7

0.02008 VOC 2013 VOC 2008 NOx 2013 NOx

Emissions

Major Texas shale playsMajor Texas shale plays

“West Texas shale could dwarf Eagle Ford”February 24, 2013 By Jennifer Hiller Fuel Fix / Houston Chronicle

Texas: 839 drilling rigs operating — nearly half of all rigs in the U.S. and 22.7 percent of rigs worldwidepercent of rigs worldwide

USGS: Eagle Ford 7-10 billion in recov. reserves, Bakken Shale up to 4.3 billion barrels; Cline Shale in Permian, up to 30 billion barrels of oilbarrels of oil.

EMISSION GROUP RANKING SYSTEM

RANK 1 Largest Sources- EX: Pump Trucks (Fracturing/Perfing)

RANK 2 Medium Sources- EX: Fracturing Water Pumps

RANK 3 Small SourcesEX Li ht C t

22

- EX: Light Carts

Eagle Ford IntroductionEagle Ford Introduction

• How MuchHow Much Does Eagle Ford ShaleFord Shale Development Add to LocalAdd to Local Ozone Levels?

air qqyuality issues -- the challenges

Documents