AIM: HOW DID THE TASK OF REUNITING THE NATION CHALLENGE LINCOLN AND

JOHNSON?

Topic: Ten Percent Plan and Presidential Reconstruction

Why is Reconstruction referred to as an extension of the Civil War?

Battles over when southern states should return to the Union.

Punishment/forgiveness

Role of blacks/rights

Was stronger federal government needed? Constitution unclear about which branch of

government should act on these issues.

Lincoln Envisions Reconstruction

Ten Percent Plan: Pardon to all Confederates who swore allegiance to Union and

accepted abolition of slavery.

Denied pardons to Confederates who had killed African-American war prisoners.

States could hold constitutional conventions after 10% of voters had sworn allegiance to Union.

Then states could hold elections and resume full participation in Union

Lincoln’s plan didn’t “readmit” Southern states to the Union because in his view secession was not official because it was unconstitutional.

Radical Republicans

Opposed Lincoln’s plan

Believed that the Civil War was fought over moral issue of slavery

Wanted true equality for blacks

Thought Lincoln was too lenient on Confederates

Wade – Davis Act

Congress tried to counter Lincoln’s plan

Wade-Davis Act required ex-Confederates to take an oath of past and future loyalty and swear they had never willingly beared arms against the US

Lincoln used pocket veto

Johnson’s Vision

After the death of Lincoln…Presidential Reconstruction: pardoned southerners

who swore allegiance to Union.

Permitted each state to hold constitutional conventions without 10% swearing allegiance.

State required to abolish slavery and ratify the 13th amendment.

States could then hold elections and resume participation in the Union.

Black Codes

Once they resumed participation in the Union, the South enacted the black codes which:

Restricted the rights of blacks Curfews, vagrancy (not working), labor contracts (had to

work for specified period, if quit no pay)

Women forced to work rather than care for children and could not own land

Can you think of a better plan?

AIM: HOW DID CONGRESS DEAL WITH RECONSTRUCTION?

Topic: Congressional Reconstruction

Effects of the Civil War on the South

Devastated physically Destruction of railroads, canals, roads, bridges, farms,

etc. Human toll

Generation of young men gone, civilian deaths Economics

Shock to feed Black men, Poor Whites competing for jobs, plantation owners lost property.

President Johnson

Had no mandate to govern because he was an unelected former Democrat.

Limited ability to influence Congress

Radical Republicans

Controlled Congress North increasingly angry over poor

treatment/brutality toward Blacks. Radical Republicans favored true equality between

the races.

Passed the 14th Amendmentwanted to protect civil rights for Blacksbuilt into Constitution made Blacks citizens of the US

Reconstruction Act of 1867

South under military control of northern generals.

Southern states ordered to hold elections for new delegates to create new state constitutions.

All qualified male voters, including African Americans, to vote.

Southerners who supported Confederacy temporarily barred from voting.

Southern votes required to guarantee equal rights to all citizens.

State required to ratify the 14th Amendment.

President Johnson Impeached

Tried to fire the Secretary of War Edwin Stanton because he was a friend of Radical Republicans.

Violated Tenure of Office Act of 1867. Not removed from office.

15th Amendment

Gave African-Americans the right to vote.

Most voted for Republicans.

Many Whites angry, do not vote.

Results is election of more than 600 African Americans to southern legislatures.

Carpetbaggers and Scalawags

Emerged in the South after the Civil War.

Wanted to profit.

Carpetbaggers were northern republicans who moved South in order to gain political power or profit.

Scalawags were white southern Republicans Not fashionable to be white and Republican in the

South.