Aim: How can we describe the structure of carbohydrates ?

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MonosaccharidesSimple sugars with 3 to 7 carbon atomsGlucose, fructose, galactose

Monosaccharide

Milk Sugar Fruit Sugar

Carbohydrates

FIGURE 2–11 The Formation and Breakdown of Complex Sugars.

Carbohydrates

FIGURE 2–11 The Formation and Breakdown of Complex Sugars.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson

Benjamin Cummings

Carbohydrates

FIGURE 2–11 The Formation and Breakdown of Complex Sugars.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Carbohydrates

FIGURE 2–11 The Formation and Breakdown of Complex Sugars.

Building sugars

• Dehydration synthesis

glycosidic linkage

|glucose

|glucose

monosaccharides disaccharide

|maltose

- Bond between 2 monosaccharide's

Building sugars• Dehydration Synthesis

monosaccharides

|fructose

|glucose

|sucrose

(table sugar)

disaccharide

Disaccharides

– sucrose = glucose & fructose– maltose = glucose & glucose– lactose = glucose & galactose (lactose

intolerance)

Two simple sugars condensed by dehydration synthesis

Disaccharide

Maltose is two glucose molecules; forms in digestive tract of humans during starch digestion.  

Polysaccharides

– Cellulose (a structural component of plants)

– Starch (main energy reserve in plants)

– Glycogen (energy reserve in animals)

Many monosaccharides condensed by dehydration synthesis

Polysaccharide

Starch is straight chain of glucose molecules with few side branches.

Types of Carbs

Starch vs. Cellulose

Share and Pair Summary Activity

Summary

1. Distinguish inorganic and organic compounds.

2. Why are carbohydrates important?3. Explain why glucose is a simple

monosaccharide.4. Why does synthesis and hydrolysis pertain to

carbohydrates?