aia news 140 spring 2007 - industrial archaeology

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY

NEWSTHE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA

Brighton Conference Report � Dounreay � Barry HoodSalt Pans in Sicily

175WINTER

2015

2—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS—175

INDUSTRIALARCHAEOLOGY

NEWS 175Winter 2015

Honorary PresidentProf Marilyn Palmer63 Sycamore Drive, Groby, Leicester LE6 0EWChairmanKeith Falconer32 Fromefield, Frome, Somerset BA11 2HEVice-ChairmanDr Michael NevellSecretaryDavid de HaanAIA Liaison Office, Ironbridge Gorge Museum,Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DXTreasurerJohn JonesHines Farm, Earl Stonham, Suffolk IP14 5HQIA Review EditorsDr Mike Nevell and Dr Ian WestIA News EditorChris BarneyThe Barn, Back Lane, Birdingbury CV23 8ENAffiliated Societies OfficerLynne WalkerConference SecretaryJohn McGuinness29 Altwood Road, Maidenhead SL6 4PBEndangered Sites OfficerAmber PatrickFlat 2, 14 Lypiatt Terrace, Cheltenham GL50 2SXLibrarian and ArchivistJohn PowellIronbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DXPublicity OfficerRoy Murphy3 Wellington Road, Ombersley, Worcestershire WR9 0DZRecording Awards OfficerShane KelleherSales OfficerRoger FordBarn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire WV15 6AFCouncil MembersDavid Alderton (Heritage Alliance)Bill Barksfield (overseas trips)Dr Robert Carr (BA Awards)Dr Paul Collins (Conservation Award & Partnerships)Tony CrosbySteve Dewhirst (Conservation Award)Kate DicksonBruce Hedge (Membership development)Shane KelleherMichael Messenger (Website manager)Ian MillerStephen Miles (Conference bookings)Dr Tegwen RobertsPaul Saulter (E FAITH)Mark Sissons (Restoration Grants)Mark Watson (TICCIH GB National Representative)Dr Ian West (Health & Safety)Honorary Vice-PresidentsProf Angus Buchanan Sir Neil CossonsProf John Hume

Liaison OfficerDavid de Haan, AIA Liaison Office, The Ironbridge Institute,Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX.Tel: 01740 656280. E-mail: [email protected]: www.industrial-archaeology.org

COVER PICTURE

Staircase at the 1935 De La Warr Pavillion by ErichMendelsohn and Serge Chermayeff seen on the 2015Sussex Conference tour Photo Chris Barney

The 2015 AIA Conference held at the University ofSussex followed the established pattern withnearly 100 delegates.

Following the Seminar on Friday which isreported elsewhere we assembled on Saturdaymorning for three lectures. The first, by DavidJones, described the reconstruction of theBrighton Atlantic class H2 steam locomotive‘Beachy Head’. Although described as areconstruction this is, with the exception of theboiler, a new build. The way that the numerousproblems had been tackled held us all enthralled.

Dave Morris followed with ‘The life of HarryRicardo, 1885-1974’. The name Ricardo wasfamiliar to many of us but the extent and varietyof his inventions and developments was still asurprise. Dave had retired as Senior OperationsManager of Ricardo UK and had met Harry in hisearly days at the firm. He has made a specialstudy of the history of this very remarkable manand his firm which is based in nearby Shoreham.

Then came a talk by Ian Gledhill on ‘MagnusVolk and his Amazing Railway’. This was the storyof another extraordinary engineer and hispioneering work but the highlight of the lecturewas a movie film, recently discovered andrestored, of the short lived version that actuallyran in the sea from 1896. The ‘car’ needed 23 footlegs to keep it above water at high tide and waspopularly known as ‘daddy long legs’. It had tocomply with marine regulations, even carrying alifeboat.

In the afternoon there was a short interestingsession of members’ contributions, the firstspeaker being Derek Barker on the Shipley (WestYorkshire) Heritage project. Mining in this areadates from the 1690s with many shallow coal pits

and a complex geology. Use of light imagedetection and ranging equipment (LIDAR)revealed 44 shafts, 10 probable quarrying sites,limekilns and brickilns.

Mark Sissons spoke next about an HLFfunded LIDAR survey in the North Yorkshire moors– an area that once produced 40% of thecountry’s iron ore. This survey identified signs ofover 60 drift mines, miners’ cottages, calciningovens and tramway inclines.

Then came a presentation from one of ouroverseas members, Jur Kingma, on the unlikelytopic of the adaptive reuse of big and smallcranes. This included not only the most obviousutilisation of jibs by lying them flat to createlanding stages but also the conversion of a realbiggie, reborn as a hotel with rooms at 600 eurosa night.

Ian Mitchell gave a comprehensivedescription of Derbyshire I A Society’s HLF fundedproject which investigated the Butterleygangroad, a horse drawn plateway built to takelime from Crich to the ironworks that sat atop theCromford canal tunnel and hoisted up its coal andother supplies via a vertical shaft. The gangroadwas converted to an edge railway in the 1850s.This was where Brunton’s ‘walking horse’ enginehad been demonstrated – the experiment endingin failure when the boiler exploded. The first‘normal’ engine ran in 1869. The line wasmodernised in the 1900s but lifted for scrap in1933. The funding paid for excavations, provisionof explanatory panels etc after many communityevents to publicise the project.

Andy Sutton was the final contributor – oncellular communications. From this I discoveredthat I am 30 years behind the times (did you not

2015 Conference Report

Brighton station – the 1882 train shed by HE Wallis Photo Steve Miles

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS—175—3

know that already Roger! ed), never havingowned a mobile phone. These devices we weretold progressed from TACS to GSM to GPRS toUMTS to HSPA and thence to LTE. This was totallyincomprehensible to me. He also described howmobile phone masts and rooftop sites haveevolved from 1985 to the present day – acuriously elastic definition of archaeology.

After tea the various AIA prize winners hadan opportunity to describe their work – they arelisted elsewhere in the News.

The conference dinner in the evening washeld in Bramber House. Throughout theconference Sussex University and their contractorsserved us well and the dinner was no exception.

On Sunday morning the conference was firstengaged with the AGM which was followed bythe Rolt Lecture given by John Minnis on ‘TomRolt’s interest in early motoring’. The lecture,which was very much appreciated, will bepublished in the IA review in due course.

In the afternoon the conference divided intotwo with one group setting off on an open topLeyland double decker (ex-Southdown) for a tourof Brighton. Our route took us throughRottingdean and Kemptown and included a viewof Roedean School and a gasometer. The coal forthe works was originally landed on the beach andthen conveyed through a tunnel now gone. Theresort was heaving with cyclists and tourists outto enjoy the sunshine. We admired the cast ironcolumns with their lattice arches on the centralpromenade. We passed Blackrock and theremains of the West Pier and then the eyesorethat is going up on this site – an ‘Annular RisingPlatform to afford 360 degree coverage of thecoastal area’. After drinking our fill of the ornate1893 lamp standards, we went on to Hove, OldSteine and then back via the Royal Pavilion.Highlight of the afternoon was an in depthinvestigation of the (1841) railway station forwhich a huge chunk of the high cliff had to beremoved and, at the rear, the site of Brighton locoworks.

The other group set off on an RF coach, exGreen Line, first visiting Jill, the well-known postmill on the top of the Downs which had beenoriginally built in Brighton in 1821 and re-erectedon the present site in 1852. Jill was superblyrestored to working order in the 1980s with thehelp of the SIAS. Jill’s nearby partner Jack isprivately owned and for the time beinginaccessible. From there the group went to theSouth Downs Garden Centre to see Car No 9 fromthe Volk’s Electric Railway which is awaitingrestoration.

On the way back we stopped at StanmerVillage where we were shown a remarkableVictorian rainwater catchment system now listedGrade II. Nearly a quarter of an acre had beencleared and coated with a mixture of sand and tarin the 1870s to channel water to filters andunderground storage tanks said to contain a totalof 120 thousand gallons.

One of Monday’s tours had to be switchedfrom Shoreham and the Ricardo works, followingthe tragic accident at the Air Show the previousweek, to Tangmere RAF museum. En route the

President of the Sussex Industrial ArchaeologySociety, retired Air Vice Marshall Sir FreddieSowery, gave us a talk on the Battle of Britain inwhich Tangmere had played such an importantpart. Later in the war Sir Freddie had flownMustangs.

The excellent museum, which is entirely runby volunteers, has on show airspeed recordplanes including Neville Duke’s Hunter and theLockheed Lightning. Other hangar exhibits rangefrom WW I to the Cold War. There is a verycomplete WW 2 exhibition, spread over threehalls – inevitably of most interest to all of us wholived through it.

After lunch we were driven to the GoodwoodMotor Circuit which was being prepared for the‘Goodwood Revival’ to be held the following

weekend. After two laps of the circuit in ourcoach (at a sedate pace) we watched while aspecially commissioned Rolls Royce took SirFreddie round two laps to celebrate his 94thbirthday, accompanied by three of our delegateswhose names had been drawn out of a hat. Thefinal visit of the day was to the Chichester Canalto admire (and test) the Poyntz swing bridge of1820 which had been recommissioned by theSIAS in 1997.

The alternative tour on Monday went first toCoultershaw where there is an interesting beampump from the late eighteenth century operatedby a water wheel which pumped water toPetworth House one and a half miles away. Thepump was restored by the SIAS in the 1970s. Alsoto be seen was the 2012 Archimedes screw

The Stanmer rainwater catchment area covering nearly a quarter of an acre. Thought to be unique and listed Grade II itwas built in the 1870s. Photo Peter StanierThe Stanmer rainwater catchment area covering nearly a quarter of an acre.Thought to be unique and listed Grade II it was built in the 1870s. Photo Peter Stanier

Waiting to view the 250 foot well at Stanmer with its donkey wheel Photo Peter Stanier


turbine. The house itself has several features of‘industrial’ interest. However, for many, thehighlight of the day was access to the largeartefact store at the Weald and Downland OpenAir Museum. Like most museums there is a greatdeal of material which is not on show and theopportunity to study this and even to handlesome of it was much appreciated.

Monday’s evening talk was by Frank Graywho is Director of Screen Archive South East.Some of the first moving pictures were created inBrighton and Hove and examples were shown, togreat delight.

On Tuesday one of the two tours set off northeast, with a commentary by Ron Martin, to the1903 Brede Water Pumping Station where wewere lost in admiration at the wonderfullyrestored machinery. Originally built to house twotriple expansion Tangye pumping engines, aWorthington Simpson engine was added in 1941to increase the capacity to three and a halfmillion gallons per day. One of the Tangye engineshas been scrapped but the other and theWorthington Simpson can be – and were – run oncompressed air. The standard of restoration ofthese, plus a large and varied collection ofstationary engines mostly concerned with thewater industry, is amazing.

In Bexhill we went to the small but veryinteresting Bexhill Museum which contains suchweird and wonderful objects as a replica of the1902 Serpollet ‘Easter Egg’ steam car which tookthe land speed record to 75 mph in 1902, aSinclair C5 modified to travel at 150 mph (whowould dare to drive it?) and a school builtlightweight car that took the battery poweredrecord to 106 mph in 1993.

After lunch we inspected the De La WarrPavilion – 1930s Modernist and Grade 1 listed.And so to Hastings to sample the very steep cliffrailway and a small fisherman’s museum whichholds a complete 1912 lugger. The museum is inan old chapel and part of the south wall wasdemolished to admit the boat, and then rebuilt.

This area of the town holds Victorian threestory black wooden sail lofts and is where thefishing fleet is hauled up on to the beach eachday, mostly using elderly bulldozers which alsopush them into the sea.

The alternative tour on Tuesday headed northto Gatwick airport and the 1936 Beehive circularterminal building now converted to offices. Listedgrade II, it is described as the world’s first fullyintegrated airport building with access by subwayto the railway. Originally it also had coveredtelescopic gangways to shelter passengers whileboarding.

On the way to Sheffield Park, theheadquarters of the Bluebell Railway, we passedthe spectacular 1841 Ouse Valley Viaduct, 96 feethigh and three quarters of a mile long. We wereable to visit the engine sheds and in particular theAtlantic Loco project which we had heard aboutin the lecture on Saturday. After a visit to thecarriage works at Horsted Keynes we took thetrain along the newly restored line to EastGrinstead and then back to Sheffield Park with acream tea on the way.

On the final day our transport was aRoutemaster. We were first treated to a ride onthe Volk’s Electric Railway of 1884 – the first inthe world but now converted to third railoperation. At the half way station there was atour of the main storage depot and MagnusVolk’s original workshops, still very much in usetoday. We spent the rest of the day at theAmberley Museum which ranks very much on apar with the Beamish and the Black Countrymuseums. Occupying a huge area, 46 separateartefact accumulations cover just about every

aspect of twentieth century life. It boasts anexcellent narrow gauge railway with both steamand diesel haulage (including ‘Polar Bear’ fromGroundle Glen, Isle of Man). A free bus serviceenables visitors to range over the whole museumarea. We were given a conducted tour of therailway workshops, a short distance from which isa Southdown bus garage with six vintage buses,all in working order. Oldest is a Tilling-Stevenspetrol electric double decker of 1914 whichcarries a second hand 1907 body. Nearby islocated a fire station containing a 1929 Dennis

Neville Duke’s Hunter Mark 3 in which he obtained the world speed record of 727 mph in 1953 on show at the TangmereRAF museum. Photo Chris Barney

The AIA at the stables at Petworth House Photo Steve Miles

among others. The cycle collection boasts itemsgoing back to an 1819 child’s hobbyhorse and an1870 boneshaker.

The very helpful tour notes were compiled byRobert Taylor and the material for the excellentgazetteer was brought together and edited byJohn Blackwell, Peter Holtham and Martin Snowand finally assembled by John Stenglehofen.Everything went smoothly thanks to JohnMcGuiness, the Conference Secretary, and toSteve Miles who performs the somewhatthankless task of Booking Secretary.

All in all a most interesting conference; fullmarks to the organisers, particularly MalcolmDawes and John Blackwell of the SussexIndustrial Archaeology Society and to Paul Saulterof the AIA who triumphed over this summer’sweather ups and downs to give us sun blessedareas to visit every day.

We look forward to Telford in September2016.

Roger Ford and others


The barring engine for the 1941 Worthington Simpson engine at the Brede Water Pumping Station Photo Chris Barney

This was the title of the seminarheld at the 2015 conference. The AIA plan to publish a summary online and onpaper, in the process producing a popularmanifesto for industrial heritage supported bycase studies, and co-published with theorganisations present at the Brighton seminar.This will also allow us to plug the two gaps in theday’s presentations; industrial archaeologydiscovery through developer-funding (currentlythreatened in the UK by local government cuts toplanning archaeology services and the lack of astatutory status for local HERs); and publicengagement through community archaeology,much of which focusses on industrial-period sites.Hopefully, the AIA will be exploring both of thesetopics in the near future.

Below is a summary of the day extracted fromMike Neville’s blog.www.archaeologyuos.wordpress.com

In the morning Ben Greener of the HeritageLottery Fund looked at the role of HLF in the last21 years in promoting industrial heritage. In thattime 17,000 buildings and monuments havereceived funding from the HLF, a total of £1.08billion. HLF continues to be particularly interestedin local people taking on local buildings for localbenefits. Thus, Ben described the HLF HeritageEnterprise scheme, begun in 2013, aimed atcommunity-led projects saving at-risk, under-used, buildings in economically disadvantagedareas. At the heart of this approach is theconservation deficit which is the value of ahistoric building, plus the cost of the project,minus the building’s post-project value. Ben also

looked ahead at some future projects, since thefund will run until 2018, including the AncoatsDispensary in Manchester and numerous siteswith smaller grants.

Miles Oglethorpe of Historic Scotland talkedabout the new Industrial Heritage Strategy forScotland. More a manifesto than a strategy, itlooks at advocacy, sustainability, understanding,protecting and public benefits. The background isthe high profile of industrial heritage in the publicconsciousness in Scotland. It addressesinclusiveness, the image of the discipline, itseconomic foundations, access to sites andcollections, and the shrinking pool of expertise intraditional industries. Wayne Cocroft of HistoricEngland looked at the protection of IndustrialHeritage in England since the 1930s. In 1947 theMinistry of Works suggested that industrialarchaeology sites could be worthy of scheduling.But the next head of the ministry favoured localsolutions, a policy that helped to create hundredsof independent voluntary-run industrialmuseums. Active surveying of industrialmonuments began in the mid-1960s. TheMonuments Protection Programme ran from thelate 1980s to 2004. Prominence from 1990s wasgiven to the role of industrial heritage in localregeneration.

Kate Clark, Director of CADW, looked at howindustry has shaped, and industrial heritagecontinues to shape, peoples’ home and workinglives. She argued that there is a gap betweenthose of us who are passionate about theseissues and the rest. We need to articulate why itmatters. Kate then got the delegates to mind mapthis! The result was a long list of words valuingindustrial heritage from architecture,associations, historical value, and rarity to

benefits to individuals such as new skills,friendships, and bringing generations together.These terms, which go beyond the usual fourthemes of evidential, historic, aesthetic, andcommunal importance, helped to identifysignificance, sustainability and service – thepublic value triangle.

Sue Seville of the Princes Regeneration Trusttalked about the Trust’s philosophy as shownthrough its involvement at the MiddleportPottery. The Trust was founded in 1996 around thethemes of using regeneration and heritage tostrengthen local communities. She suggested thatfinding a solution together through localcommunity collaboration is key with three mainways to do this; ownership, as at Middleportwhich was purchased in 2011, as communityadvisers, and as enablers. However, the trust’saims are as much about the regeneration ofpeople as it is about the buildings.

At the end of the morning the discussionsession touched on archaeology and conservationplanning. Local government funding cuts since2010 have meant that there is a serious andgrowing knowledge gap in some local authoritiesregarding the local building stock and therequirements of planning legislation. There was afeeling that to secure the future of industrialheritage and archaeology there needs to be aradical rethink as to how voluntary organisationssuch as the AIA engage with local government,industrial heritage conservation and archaeologyprotection.

The afternoon session considered Fundingand Sustaining Industrial Heritage.

Sir Neil Cossons of the AIA looked at thesustainability challenge. Author of a 2008 reporton small industrial heritage museums and one of

Priceless but Vulnerable Asset: Valuing and SustainingBritain’s Industrial Heritage


VISIT THE NEW AIA WEBSITEwww.industrial-archaeology.org

the first generation of industrial archaeologists,he used his great experience to note theevaporation of industrial archaeology andheritage knowledge in the popular consciousnessas the generations changed: this is one of thechallenges of future sustainability. He suggestedthat the arguments used in the 1960s and 1970sto save industrial heritage are not being heardand don’t have the weight they did – perhapsthey are out of date themselves. Sir Neil arguedthat this matters in terms of the popularperception of the subject. HLF has been the bestsupporter of industrial heritage in the last 21years but the adaptive reuse approach won’t saveeverything. There will be orphans, such as the coalmines of Snibston, Clipston and ChatterleyWhitfield or the Ditherington Flax Mill (tooimportant to lose but too precious to use) and weneed to address this issue. The large number ofsmall volunteer museums might now in the faceof government cuts, be seen as a strength ratherthan a weakness. He concluded by stating thatwe need connectivity, causes and campaigning.

Ian Bapty, Industrial Heritage Support Officerfor the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust, spokeabout the training support for preservedindustrial sites in England. For three years Ian hasbeen supporting the approximately 650 smallcharitable bodies struggling to preserve industrialheritage sites in UK. We must not forget what isalready preserved and protected is at risk, just asother non-designated sites on brownfield andurban sites are under threat from redevelopment.Ian noted that there is a tension in management

between conservation (academic) and restorationfor use (volunteers’ aim). To build supportsystems, resources and resilience as a legacy ofthe project has been a key aim of the scheme.

Bill Ferris of the Chatham Historic DockyardTrust talked about the challenges of preservingbig industrial sites. Chatham, the most completeGeorgian dockyard in Britain, closed in the early1980s. It covers 80 acres and includes thequarter-of-a-mile-long ropery and the mould loft.Initially, the private sector did not want to investin the site. Instead, an independent trust was setup in 1984 with the aims of preservation andeducation. £60 million pounds has been raisedsince 1984 to preserve the site through re-use.Thus the ropery is run as a business to showvisitors rope making. That re-use has includedworkshops, specialist stores and community usesto turn the docks into a place of work and a placeto visit.

Ian Morrison from theArchitectural HeritageFund looked at the growth of communityenterprise through heritage. The fund was set upin 1976 and has a team of support officersadvising on networking and fund raising. Loansworth £121 million have supported 870 projects,many of these being on industrial sites. The fund’saims include supporting communities to repairhistoric buildings, and to demonstrate the valueof heritage-led conservation. This has levered inan additional £278 million from private sector aswell as monies from the HLF, local and nationalgovernment. Measuring impact is increasinglyimportant as AHF moves towards more social

investment, so that social outcomes are nowcentral.

Nigel Crowe from the Canals and Rivers Trustexplained that they are the third largest owner ofprotected heritage sites in the UK and have ateam of 10 heritage advisors working withheritage volunteers in restoration and research.This partnership approach has enabled the Trustto target sites that they would not otherwisehave the resources to restore or promote. Hediscussed the advantages of working withvolunteers but he also noted some of theproblems. Nigel concluded though thatvolunteers add huge value to the work of theTrust.

At the end of the afternoon John Rodgertalked about the European Route of IndustrialHeritage and its contribution to understandingindustrial heritage at an international level. ERIHwas established in 2000 with European Unionfunding and works through promotion andnetworking. It now covers 13 countries withthematic routes and more than 82 anchorindustrial sites. ERIH is striving to establish aquality brand for European industrial heritagethat can sustain the regional routes and theirpartners.

Sir Neil summed up the day. He noted thatthere is funding available for saving andsupporting industrial heritage sites, but it isincreasingly competitive. Whilst volunteerrenewal remains very important, we need to getour message out beyond those actively involved.

An attentive audience Photo Trina Fitzalan Howard


“Call me Trina. Some years ago – never mindhow long precisely – having little or no money inmy purse, and nothing particular to interest meon shore, I thought I would sail about a little andsee the watery part of the world.”

Trina Fitzalan-Howard

So I popped down to Brighton to the AIAconference and trips.

It was most kind of a few of you to remembermy renderings on the Tayside trip. A few evenmore concerned souls enquired if my friend MarkWatson minded being quoted so much, withvignettes of what he said, then did, and saidsome more. Be not ‘afrit’ as they say somewhere.Mark Watson has probably unfriended me anddoes not feature in this tome. Except for whatyou’ve just read of course. And that’s over now.

Right. AIA. So, me and my friend Bev (whohasn’t unfriended me as far as I know) rocked upon to campus after a very arduous journey. See,we called in at Nymans for a decent cuppa andother matters needing urgent attention after thenear-death experience that is the M25 aroundHeathrow.

Oh yeah. The Conference. Well it kicked off forus at a 7pm roll call for reception and just in timefor dinner. I have to say industrial cuisine does notoften attract comment but it was better thanmost and lots of it. Okay, there was a surfeit ofchicken options most meals but it was presentedwell and the staff seemed awfully nice. The staffwere generous, perhaps seeing a group of peoplewhose bodies weren’t pampered to perfection byexercise and diet, or at least not recently, andmight eat something. It’s not fair to make us sitamongst such samples of youthful health. I mighthave muttered that they’ll be old ‘uns one day.Then more drinks. Then bedtime.

The accommodation was standard studentfayre. Me and my luggage seemed to fill the placeand I was only there for a few days. I did wonderhow a student with books, much change ofclothes and so on actually manages.

Friday was our big session day. Breakfast at8am, registration for some at 10, and then a10.30 kick off. Marilyn Palmer was first up. APriceless but Vulnerable Asset. That’s Britain’sIndustrial Heritage according to our Marilyn.Within a time span of 10 minutes came speakerNo.2. Hello Ben Greener. He told us all about theHeritage Lottery Fund which so many in theaudience now rely for funding their favouriteplaces. We all wish the Heritage Lottery Fund along and generous life. Moving on to MilesOglethorpe and Historic Scotland – the poor manhad 20 minutes to tell such an expansive story.Then Wayne Cocroft talked about HistoricEngland and Kate Clark spoke for Cadw – andboy does she leap about with her whiteboardpen. You go girl! Straight on to the Prince’sRegeneration Trust with Biljana Sarvic and a shortdiscussion before a buffet lunch. By buffet lunch Imean humongous feast with loads of left-overs.

The extremely well known Sir Neil Cossonstalked about the Sustainability Challenges afterlunch at which point I was wont to say to Bev,“Eh Bev, isn’t he the bloke we were talking tooutside our block of flats”. Having confirmed hewas said bloke, I paid even closer attention. I’llhave you know that man knows his stuff.

We moved on to preserving sites, meaningIronbridge ably presented by Ian Bapty, andfollowed by Bill Ferris. At that point Bev pointedout her (over) familiarity with Chatham, anddespite raising quite a few questions in my mind,we hushed up and behaved almost normallybecause Bill is worth listening to. Add Chatham tomy list. Looks fun.

Ian Morrison took us through the ArchitecturalHeritage Fund and Nigel Crowe followed with therole of volunteers. We all know, deep down, we’dnever get on to sites without them – more on thatlater. John Rodger then told us about the EuropeanDimension which struck a note as several of thosepresent seemed ready to leave for Lille, which isnot in England, to another conference there. Bynow we needed another break.

Back to Sir Neil Cossons who led a briefdiscussion, then on to the reception. Yeah! ThenDinner following which John Blackwellentertained us to the hilt with treasures ofSussex. Who knew? Go on, bet most of us wouldsay there was little industrial archaeology to be

The AIA in Brighton

University of Sussex by Sir Basil Spence, site of the 2015 conference. Falmer House is listed Grade I Photo Chris Barney

Through Brighton on the open top bus Photo Steve Miles


found in that part of the world. Well, we werewrong and hands up, the place is crawling withinteresting bits and bats.

Saturday started at 7.30 for breakfast andabout 5.30 for the seagulls. I mean, what has oneseagull got to say to another at that hour?Really?

At 9am David Jones started telling us how hehad acquired a boiler, from which he acquired afinancially challenging obsession with rebuildingthe thing into a steam locomotive. See, if hisparents had bought him a train set at a timely agehis obsession would be less expensive, (maybeworse, who knows). At 10am David Morrisontalked about Ricardo. I know. I know. Never heardof them. Well, by the time David (2) had finishedwe all knew 2-stroke engines are best, but mostare 4-stroke. V8 engines and cars that whizzround tracks very fast were the basis of theirbusiness. Who knew?

Then how can you come to Brighton and nothear about the Volk train that still runs along thebeach?

After lunch it was time for the AIA awardsand presentations followed by a proper dinnerwith table clothes and wine glasses, and lots tofill them with. I can’t fault the catering.

Sunday was our chance to see a bit of thePavilion and other historic parts of Brighton. Wewent straight to Prinny’s beach hut which isutterly, tastelessly over-the-top. Someone withtoo much money to spend although there aresome interesting architectural features like metal

beams in the walls. Got to say not much industrialarchaeology though. We went next door to theMuseum and had a lovely cup of tea, followed bya trip out to a (mostly) Edwardian house calledPreston Manor. It is owned by the Brightoncorporate body and is a time capsule well worththe visit. The good folk were selling lots of ghostexperiences and I wish them well becausewhatever it takes to get visitors through the door.Bev and I were too noisy for the ghosts –apparently.

We had our ‘pier’ experience and I got my icecream with a flake in it. Yeah. Holiday time.

Then back to the conference because wedidn’t want to miss our dinner and tales of theopen-top bus and Jack and Jill windmills, and yes,railways.

Monday – breakfast at 7.30, seagulls muchearlier. At 9am Bev and I went our separate ways.I think there was a dastardly plan to split us up. Itook the Coultershaw/Petworth/Wheal andDownland museum. Bev took to the skies andmotor sports.

What can be said? Absolutely not enoughtime for everything. I would have gladly given upPetworth for the Wheal open air experience butperhaps that was because we had the mostwonderfully ambient weather and stunningviews. Admittedly the Wheal experience wouldhave been diminished if the weather wasn’tbehaving as it was for us.

One fun part was when the two tour buseswere side by side hurtling down a road, with Bev

and me texting each other like two lost schoolkids, each on a different bus. There was a cheerwhen we overtook them and a groan when theyovertook us. From the bus I saw my first and onlyview of Arundel. A few of you will realise why Isat and sighed. If only my family had behaveddifferently that little pile would be my address.You would sigh too but it flashed passed andArundel remains on my list to visit one day.

Back for dinner but very little bar. Led bysome very bad boys, Bev and I left the campus onfoot in search of a drink and ended up at thestudent union. I don’t think we were seeingstudent life or if we were, it’s not very lively. Still,an early night was called for – Bev and I wereleaving after breakfast.

If one experience could capture what theconference was really about it happened to Bevand me off motorway looking for a cup of tea onthe way home. We eventually found the NationalTrust’s Claydon Manor. Bev was familiar with itbut I had never been. Lovely, helpful staff –volunteers every one. Unfortunately, given itslocation and the fact it was mid-week September,not enough volunteers had turned out and wewere told the upstairs (and best bit) were notopen. Someone did open it just as we wereleaving but here is the thought – you canpreserve buildings and items but you need peopleto manage visitors as Claydon will confirm. So bevery nice to your volunteers, you need them.

Until next time, friends.

Heritage management in the nuclear industry is inits infancy and Dounreay was the first in the UKto develop a heritage strategy for a whole site.Dounreay was the UK’s centre of fast reactorresearch and development and is recognised asbeing of national historic importance. Thechallenging and unique journey in producing aheritage strategy encompassing the whole sitewas supported by contracting experts to initiatethe task.

The continued involvement of heritageexperts, via an advisory panel, to provide advice onthe strategy’s implementation plan, is an excellentexample of successful collaboration betweenindustry and the private and public sectors. Theinnovative work may provide a model of widerapplicability to similarly unique and complexindustrial sites throughout the UK and the world.

James Gunn, Dounreay Site Restoration LtdCaithness’s history changed on 1 March 1954with the government announcement that theDounreay military airfield, on the North coast ofScotland, would be the site of the nation’s fastreactor development programme. The UnitedKingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA)consequentially operated three reactors between1958 and 1994. Dounreay pushed back thefrontiers of science to become world leaders infast reactor technology.

The main reasons Dounreay had been chosenwere:• the area had a sparse population, thusminimising public health issues in the event ofa major nuclear incident;

• access to the sea for effluent discharges andfor cooling purposes;

• access to a very large supply of fresh water;

• extensive area of flat solid ground suitable forbuilding large facilities;

• the Dounreay airfield was already owned bythe Government through the Air Ministry;

• two sizeable towns nearby with a pool oflabour readily available, social amenities andscope for the new housing needed for theincoming labour;

• established transport links by road, sea, railand air;

Construction started on the 55 hectare site inMarch 1955 and was essentially complete by1959. The airfield’s accommodation camp ofNissen huts was extended to accommodatearound 2,000 of the construction workers andsome of the early arriving scientists andengineers. The nuclear site was built on top of theairfield amongst airfield hangars, buildings ofLower Dounreay Farm and the ruinous sixteenthcentury Dounreay castle, a scheduled monument

on the foreshore.Whatlings of Glasgow was the main civil

engineering contractor and Motherwell Bridge &Engineering Co Ltd built the fast reactor sphere.The sphere and associated facilities cost £6m andthe total cost for the site was £28.5m (in 1950sprices). Such was the national interest, the firstpublic open day, held in May 1957, attractedaround 7,500 people. Dounreay grabbed theheadlines in all the national newspapers,scientific and engineering magazines and caughtchildren’s imagination owing to the Eagle comicand Meccano magazine publishing articles aboutthe sphere, which was seen as an engineeringmarvel equal to the technology race to land manon the moon.

The site directly employed around 2,300people at any one time and over the years around12,000 people and a similar number ofcontractors have worked at Dounreay. Thisincludes over 1,000 craft apprentices and 1,000secretarial, clerical and scientific trainees whotook advantage of the excellent training schemes.

Dounreay was a unique nuclear ‘park’ in thatit had all the facilities for completing a nuclearfuel cycle for the Dounreay Fast Reactor (DFR)and the Dounreay Materials Testing Reactor(DMTR).

As well as a technological one, Dounreay wasa social integration experiment and both aspects

Preserving the Nuclear Industrial Heritage at Dounreay


were viewed as successful. Caithnessians weregenerally appreciative of what Dounreay broughtto the county and embraced the vast number of‘Atomics’ as they became known, so that socialintegration was not an issue. This was mainly dueto the friendly realism of the local people, the co-operation of the local authorities and the attitudeof the imported staff to their new environment.

Dounreay’s (and Scotland’s), first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, known ascriticality, occurred on 13 August 1957 within asmall scale, uranium solution experimental cell.The Dounreay Materials Testing Reactor (DMTR)went critical on 24 May 1958 and was Scotland’sfirst operating nuclear reactor. This was a small,heavy water moderated thermal reactor used forinvestigating the behaviour of materials inradiation fields. The results were used to helpwith the design of all types of reactorsthroughout the world. It closed on 12 May 1969.

The Dounreay Fast Reactor operated from 14November 1959 to 23 March 1977. The reactor iscontained inside a 41.5m diameter steel sphere,which has become an iconic symbol for Dounreayand the nuclear industry. The core was only 0.53min diameter and 0.53m high and yet couldproduce 14MW of electricity.

In 1962 it became the first fast reactor in theworld to supply electricity to a national grid andwas the most powerful fast reactor in the worldat the time.

The success of DFR led to the building of amuch larger Prototype Fast Reactor (PFR) whichcould produce 250MW of electricity. It operatedfrom 3 March 1974 to 31 March 1994 andachieved a burn-up rate of 23.8% from its mixedoxide fuel, a world record for any large reactor.However, in 1988, the Government decided thatthe technology was not required for another 30-40years and stopped the research funding in 1994.PFR was successful in meeting its aim ofdeveloping knowledge about the long termreliability, safety and economics of fast reactors fordesigning future commercial-sized fast reactors.

Dounreay’s research and developmentprogramme is now complete and the equipmentand materials used to gain this knowledge isbeing packed up and the environment restored bya new generation of staff skilled in nuclear clean-up. After four decades of research, stretching backto the earliest days in the nuclear industry, takingapart the legacy is a major undertaking.

Today Dounreay is a site of construction,demolition, waste management and landrestoration, all of it designed to return the site toa safe brownfield condition by about 2029.Decommissioning Dounreay is internationallyrecognised as one of the most complex nuclearclean-up challenges in Europe.

As Scotland’s largest nuclear clean-up anddemolition project, the trailblazing journeycontinues into the twenty-first century with thedevelopment of cutting edge decommissioningtechnology and the creation of a unique heritagestrategy, the first for a UK nuclear site. The aim is topreserve a distinct lasting cultural legacy for a sitewhich has had a dominant impact on the economic,cultural and social development of the region.

The strategy, published in 2010, took over 2years to develop and brought together variousnational bodies to consider nuclear industrialheritage for the very first time and all found it achallenging learning experience. The approachused could act as a model for other complexindustrial sites.

The experimental nature of many of itsredundant facilities means the clean-up anddemolition requires innovation as well as greatcare. Nearly two and a half thousand people workon the site and this will continue for several years.

Site closure by circa 2029 involves:• Cleaning out and demolishing redundantnuclear and non-nuclear facilities;

• Segregating and packaging the radioactive andnon-radioactive wastes in a way that makesthem safe for long-term storage or disposal;

• Removing nuclear fuels that can be used againelsewhere;

• Leaving the site and its environment in acondition that is safe for future generations;

Decommissioning Dounreay is internationallyrecognised as one of the most complex nuclearclean-up challenges in Europe. The skills andenterprise it fosters are giving Scottish companiesa platform to compete in the globaldecommissioning market.

Historic Scotland showed an interest in listingthe DFR sphere and visited the site in 2007.Together with the National Museum of Scotlandthey indicated that Dounreay’s heritage was ofnational importance and should be captured,preserved and celebrated. It was agreed that astrategy covering all heritage aspects would beproduced, which would also serve to underpinany decision about the sphere.

Atkins Heritage was selected, in 2008, to helpproduce a strategy. Such work had never beendone for a complete nuclear site before and itwas a steep learning curve for everyone involved.

Dounreay from the air Photo:The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority and Dounreay Site Restoration Ltd.

The Dounreay Materials Testing Reactor during constructionPhoto: The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority and Dounreay Site Restoration Ltd.


Working closely with local and national heritageorganisations, the strategy took over two years toproduce and was developed in line with bestpractice approaches to conservationmanagement. The work was comprehensive andincluded a gazetteer, reviews of the localvisitor/tourist market and existing worldwidenuclear and energy visitor attractions. The justification for dismantling the DFR sphere isbased on a number of factors:• the prohibitive high cost of removing all of theradioactive contamination from the sphereshell;

• the high cost of painting the sphere everydecade (c£0.5m) to maintain its condition andavoid turning into a rusting eyesore;

• minimising the cost burden on futuregenerations;

• security and safety issues that will limit publicaccess to the sphere;

• the removal of all the plant and equipment dueto contamination, will leave little evidentialand technological value;

• the very limited local visitor and tourismmarket leads to no viable self-sustaining enduse;

• value for money to the taxpayer andaffordability in the current state of governmentfinances;

The strategy is available to view on the Dounreaywebsite within the site closure section; (search –Dounreay site closure).

DSRL was already implementing a number ofcomponents of the strategy as a part of its normalbusiness and to expand the activities and act as afocal point, DSRL appointed a Heritage Officer tomanage an implementation plan.

The strategy was issued in September 2010,but some of the implementation plan actions havebeen a normal part of business for years. Archivingstarted from the very beginning in 1955 fortechnical records, photographs, drawings, filmsand videos. Project teams and theCommunications department have recordeddecommissioning progress via photos, video, newsarticles and reports for many years. There arearound one million archived items and these willbe transferred to the proposed National NuclearArchive, which is due to be built in Wick, Caithness,

by late 2016. The National Archive at Kew currentlyholds many of Dounreay’s significant records.

The Heritage Officer has collected 340 objectsand many have been donated to the NationalMuseum of Scotland (science and technologyitems) and Caithness Horizons (mainly socialhistory items).

The most significant preserved objects arethe complete reactor control rooms from theDounreay Fast Reactor and the Materials TestingReactor. The Science Museum and the NationalMuseum of Scotland have signed a jointacquisition agreement for the DFR Control Roomand it will go on public display in the future. TheDMTR Control Room is a star attraction withinCaithness Horizons museum.

The Heritage Officer is capturing oral historyby digitally recording the memories of Dounreayworkers, ex-workers and members of the public.Twenty two recordings have been completed todate. With the people involved in the constructionand initial operating years now in their 80s or90s, time is running out to capture the excitingand expectant atmosphere of the beginnings ofthe nuclear power era.

The Dounreay archives have an extensivecollection of many hundreds of thousands ofphotographs and drawings of the site’s buildings.

The Archives include the technical histories of allthe major radioactive facilities and the buildinghistories of the non-radioactive facilities and allof the demolished ones. There will be around 500reports in total as the scope covers all facilitiesincluding very minor ones such as bus shelters,office portacabins and gas bottle stores.

The Dounreay website (www.dounreay.com)is the main communication tool to inform thepublic of all aspects of the site’s work. A sectionof the website is dedicated to the site’s historyand cultural heritage. It also has an image librarywhere the public can register to access anddownload over 1,000 historic and current images.There is also a Dounreay TV section which has alibrary of historic films and current videos.

Heritage management in the nuclear industryis in its infancy and Dounreay was the first in theUK to develop a heritage strategy for a wholesite. The continued involvement of heritageexperts, via an advisory panel, to provide adviceon the strategy’s implementation plan, is anexcellent example of successful collaborationbetween industry and the private and publicsectors. The innovative work may provide a modelof wider applicability to similarly unique andcomplex industrial sites throughout the UK andthe world.

The Dounreay Fast Reactor sphere at the half way stagePhoto: The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority and Dounreay Site Restoration Ltd.

FIFTY YEARS OF THE LANDMARK TRUST2015 is the fiftieth anniversary of the Landmark Trust. Established and financed by Sir John Smith to ‘rescue buildings in distress’, restore them andmake them available to let for short stays, the Trust now has some 200 buildings in its care. Many of these have always been domestic, the oldest isPurton Green, a Suffolk farmhouse house built in about 1250. However, Sir John, a great friend of Tom Rolt, was always interested in industrialbuildings and listed in the handbook are several mills among the castles, towers and follies.Brinkburn Mill near Rothbury has two pairs of stones in one of the rooms but Tangy Mill on the Mull of Kintyre still has all its dressing, drying, hoistingand grinding machinery in position and visitors live and sleep amongst it. One of the bedrooms is in the original kiln.At Cromford the Landmark Trust was able to take on the entire terrace in North Street. Built in 1771, this is the earliest planned industrial housing inthe world. Most of the three story houses are let but one is available for short breaks.Two lock cottages are on the list, one on the Stratford Canal and one on the Birmingham and Worcester. The engine house at Danescombe mine inCornwall will accommodate four people.You can stay in a flat over the top of the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust shop overlooking the bridge itself or, if you prefer railways, there is AltonStation in Staffordshire. Here the kitchen is in the private waiting room and a double bedroom in the ticket office with most of the accommodationin the station master’s house. You can go out on to the platform but, sadly, a train will never come.Their handbook is a delight and provides hours of happy contemplation.


On holiday this year in Sicily I was very pleased,in amongst the baroque architecture, vineyards,olive groves and Inspector Montalbano locations,to have visited two sites of the salt industry ofSicily. These are on the west coast, at Nubia, justsouth of Trapani, and Stagnone, north ofMarsala, where the shallow coastal waters andlong, warm summers are ideal conditions for salt-making.

Tony Crosby

The industry dates back some 2,700 years, to thePhoenicians, who traded salt around theMediterranean as a preservative, and itsimportance economically is well recorded fromthe twelth century onwards. Windmills wereintroduced in the fifteenth century for pumpingthe brine around the individual evaporationbasins, and in 1583 sixteen saltpans wererecorded, producing 3,000 tons annually.Although in 1600 production was about 11,000tons, it fluctuated greatly for the rest of thecentury, until after 1730 when the industryflourished again. It was at this time that thewindmills were first used in the process ofgrinding the salt crystals as well as pumping thebrine. By the end of the nineteenth century therewere 39 saltpans producing 186,000 tons. Thetwentieth century saw many fluctuations inproduction, but the industry survives today, usingnatural and traditional processes.

The process involves sea water going througha number of gradual concentration stages inevaporation basins until other elements haveprecipitated out and the salt crystals haveformed. The salt pans, therefore, consist of anumber of evaporation basins, the depth of whichdecreases: the deepest being near the sea, thosefurthest from the sea and used in the final stagebeing the shallowest. The brine traditionally wasmoved from one basin to the next by anArchimedes screw powered by the windmills,now the water levels are controlled by sluices. Thewindmills were of two types – one readilyrecognisable to us, having six cloth covered sails,the other being operated by metal vanes.

The process begins in the spring with thefilling of the first basin with sea water. The firstcrystals are ready by the end of June when thecollection of the salt begins, there being fourcollection periods, the final one in the second halfof October. The crust of salt crystals in the finalbasin is broken by seasonal workers and gatheredinto small heaps by the side of the basin where it

drains for a day. It is then transferred into largerheaps by men shovelling it into barrows andtipping these on to a conveyor. These heaps arecovered with terracotta tiles to protect the saltfrom the weather.

Another feature of the salt pans is the canalsaround the basins which are used for directing

the water into the basins and also were used bythe boats to transport the salt to local markets.

Both areas of salt pans are now naturereserves, the one at Trapani being managed bythe World Wildlife Fund. Both sites also havemuseums explaining the development of theindustry and the process of salt-making.

The Salt Pans of Sicily

Windmills and salt ponds at Stagnone Photo Tony Crosby

Gathering the salt at Stagnone Photo Tony Crosby

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REVIVING PLACES BY REUSING INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE 1 and 2 December 2015

Museum of Science and Industry Manchester

Alongside our partners Historic England and The Prince’s Regeneration Trust, the Heritage Lottery Fund are co-organising an event to tie in with theEuropean Industrial and Technical Heritage Year 2015.

The conference will explore the theme of re-use of industrial heritage. It will be split into two days, each with a slightly different focus:

Day One will explore the role of the public sector in encouraging the creative reuse of industrial heritage and the commercial opportunities presentedby historic buildings, with a focus on creative industries, development and regeneration uses. It aims to connect with businesses, investors andlocal/national decision makers (drinks reception at end of day one).

Day Two will explore opportunities to develop new uses and engage with commercial partners to leverage investment and funding with a focus onnot-for-profit groups, community organisations, heritage sector partners and historic building owners.

The central theme is re-use, with a focus on developing new uses for vacant, at-risk industrial buildings by connecting them to creative industriesbusinesses, developers, investors, other commercial opportunities and community-led/not-for-profit organisations.

Sir Howard Bernstein - Chief Executive, Manchester City Council

The chief executives of HLF, Historic England and Prince’s Regeneration Trust

Rohan Silva – Former special adviser to David Cameron and architect of the Tech City initiative

Jonathan Robinson - Journalist at The Guardian and former global director of Impact Hub

Tom Walker - Director of Cities & Local Growth Unit, DCLG

Michael Schwarze-Rodrian - Director of Networks, Ruhr region, Germany

Tom Bloxham, MBE - Chairman and Co-Founder Urban Splash developers

Rowan Moore - Architecture Critic, The Observer

The full programme, booking details and more information is available online http://ih2015.org.uk/

CALL FOR PAPERSICOHTEC Symposium 2016 : Porto : Portugal :

26-30 JulyTechnology, Innovation, and Sustainability:

Historical and Contemporary NarrativesInnovation and sustainability have become key words in our everydaylife, extending from political and economic discourse to teachingcurricula and from the lay public to academia. However, the use ofthese terms is often abstract and simplistic, ignoring the density oftheir interrelationships in different geographic, historical andcivilizational contexts, and the boomerang character of today’s world.

The 43rd ICOHTEC meeting aims at addressing this complexrelationship by encouraging papers that contribute to a deeperunderstanding of the multilayer cultural and material built meaning ofinnovation and sustainability and on the various roles played bytechnology in enabling or preventing such interplay.

All proposals must be in English, and should be submittedelectronically by 25 January 2016 via our website icohtec.org/annual-meeting-2016 For suggestions about preparing your submission andthe conference presentation, please consult the guidelines onicohtec.org/proposal-guidelines

Correction and ApologyReaders of the IA News 174 will have noticed on page 10,accompanying the article on ‘Cellular Mobile Communications’, that theset of three pictures labelled Figure 1 was repeated as Figure 2 and asFigure 3. To see the pictures that should have been there please go tothe AIA website and you will find the correct pictures (in colour as abonus).

Adhuc mea culpa – it seems that insects have antennae, radioshave antennas, but then insects have been around rather longer thanradios (and will no doubt be around when radios have long gone) –parum cognito periculosum est.

Apologies to Andy Sutton, the author of the article.

AIA IRONBRIDGE PRACTICAL WEEKEND –SPEAKING UP FOR INDUSTRIAL

ARCHAEOLOGYIronbridge Institute 23 April 2016

In the current economic climate of heritage funding cuts and cuts tolocal authority archaeology and conservation services, historicindustrial sites, buildings and collections are arguably more at riskthan they have been since the 1970s. At the same time there is anincreasing focus on local decision-making through local plans andnew community powers. The AIA is therefore holding a one dayworkshop at the Ironbridge Institute on 23 April 2016 on speaking upfor industrial archaeology on a local scale.

This workshop will discuss why is it now more important than everthat local groups speak up for industrial archaeology, and whatgroups and societies can do practically to help support and protectindustrial archaeology in their local areas.

The workshops will include contributions from national organisationsthat support local advocacy, including the Council for BritishArchaeology (CBA), Civic Voice and the Industrial Heritage SupportProgramme, as well as a number of local case studies from voluntarygroups who are working to protect a range of different industrial sites,including archaeological sites, industrial buildings and museums.There will be practical sessions in the afternoon, and a feedback anddiscussion session to look at issues such as the challenges of speakingup for industrial archaeology and what support currently exists forgroups who want to help to protect and raise awareness of industrialarchaeology in their local area.

Tickets for the event will be £18 with a discounted rate of £15 for AIAmembers (including affiliated groups) and students. This will includelunch and refreshments. More details and a booking form will beavailable on the AIA website shortly. Updates will also be posted onthe AIA facebook and twitter feeds.


Local Heritage Lists The importance of Local Heritage lists cannot beoveremphasised. This account of the procedure ofsetting up a list for Braintree in Essex is a casestudy of the why and how.

Tony Crosby

The National Planning Policy Framework advisesLocal Planning Authorities on the conservationand enjoyment of the local historic environment,including the role of Local Heritage Lists (LHLs).‘Local heritage listing is a means for a communityand a local authority to jointly identify heritageassets that are valued as distinctive elements ofthe local historic environment, especiallybuildings and structures which are not ListedBuildings. It provides clarity on the location ofassets and what it is about them that issignificant, guaranteeing that strategic localplanning properly takes account of thedesirability of their conservation.’ (HistoricEngland’s Good Practice Guide for Local HeritageListing, 2012, (search – Local Heritage Lists).

LHLs, therefore, play an important part inbuilding and reinforcing a sense of local identityand distinctiveness in the historic environment,helping to conserve and enhance local character.The process of listing in this way provides anopportunity for communities, in partnership withlocal authorities, to identify valued heritageassets which they wish to protect at a local level,supporting both the National Heritage List (ListedBuildings) and enhancing the local HistoricEnvironment Record (HER). LHLs provideadditional protection alongside Listed Buildings,have no extra consent requirements but do helpto influence planning decisions. As there aremany buildings associated with industry whichare not nationally listed, securing local listing forthem will ensure greater protection for themwithin the planning system.

Members of the local community in Braintree,Essex, were concerned about the loss of somebuildings associated with the Courtauld businessand family within Braintree District, which coversthe market towns of Braintree and Halstead, and

villages in between. Although a number of localCouncils in Essex have LHLs of varying detail andcomprehensiveness, Braintree District Council(BDC) was not one of them. Braintree & BockingCivic Society (B&BCS), therefore, worked inpartnership with BDC on creating an LHL for thatCouncil area and compiled an initial nominationlist of all buildings and structures in the Districtassociated with the Courtauld family andbusiness. All types of heritage assets can beconsidered for inclusion in an LHL and hencethese nominated assets include not only buildingssuch factories, a workmen’s hall, village halls, amechanics institute, schools, churches, BraintreeTown Hall, hospitals, and dozens of staff housesacross the District, but also public gardens,drinking fountains, and air raid shelters. (The fulllist can be viewed on the B&BCS website (Google– Braintree and Bocking Civic Society).

BDC launched their LHL in August and arenow consulting with the owners of thosebuildings and structures in Braintree and Bocking

only, initially, as the first step towards compilingtheir LHL. The nominated assets will be checkedto ensure they meet the criteria for inclusion onthe LHL and after consultation the nominationswill be reviewed by a Local List Selection Panelwhich is currently being established. This Panelwill then make recommendations to the PlanningCommittee regarding which assets to include onthe LHL and owners will be informed. The criteriafor inclusion on the LHL are: Age & Integrity;Historic Associations & Social Value; Architectural& Aesthetic Value; and Group Value.

The Courtauld business and family had amajor impact on the landscape of this part ofEssex, and it is hoped that by having theassociated heritage assets locally listed, it willensure a greater degree of protection of thesebuildings and monuments, which are valued bythe local community. Having established the LHLfor the District, further buildings of industrialinterest, which are not nationally Listed Buildings,will hopefully be added to the Local Heritage List.

Factory Terrace, staff housing at Halstead Photo Tony Crosby

The end of permanence: Are museums still for ever?

Extract from the blog, 12 February 2015, ofMaurice Davies of The Museum Consultancy,previously Deputy Director of the MuseumsAssociation.

Leicestershire County Council has confirmed itintends to close Snibston, its largest museum, on31 July; it will be demolished, replaced withhousing and, possibly, a small museum on themining history of the site. The closure plans havebeen met with energetic local protest, andprofessional condemnation. Unless the councilhas a rethink, Snibston will be the mostsignificant museum closure from public-spendingcuts. So far, closures have been limited to farsmaller museums, such as ones in London

boroughs. And museums have been surviving farbetter than libraries – over a hundred of themhave gone.

So what does it mean when a major museumcloses? It demonstrates that museums are notalways, in the words of the ICOM definition, ‘apermanent institution’. That might not be a badthing. Aiming to exist for ever is quite a burden; itcan lead museums to respond too slowly tochanging demands as they perhaps think a littletoo much about the supposed needs of the futureas opposed to the needs of today. And perhapscollections are becoming a little less permanent.Back in the early 1990s when Snibston opened,disposal was unusual, even frowned upon. Now,it’s standard practice to review collections and

remove the less significant material. Sale ofcollections is also becoming slightly morecommon. While controversial, when doneresponsibly it is perhaps less damaging tomuseums than once anticipated.

The long-term fate of Snibston’s substantialcollection is not yet clear and the costs of dealingwith it properly will be substantial. Perhaps,eventually, some will be sold. That may shocksome people, but it may be better than keepingthings in store for decades, unseen and unused.

Snibston’s closure is sad, and will be asubstantial loss to the local area. It should makeus think about whether museums are becomingless than permanent and whether that might be agood or a bad thing.


Surprises under the Houses of Parliament

Two letters followed Bob Carr’s reference to anengine in the basement of the Houses ofParliament in the last edition. They arereproduced below together with John Porter’ssummary of it all. It’s nice to know that someonereads IANews.

From Henry Dawson, 21 August:An article in IA News 174 written by Robert Carrmentions a Marshall and Co Ltd of Gainsboroughstationary steam engine that used to be in thebasement of the Houses of Parliament. AtCrossness Pumping Station we have a HenryWatson Pump that used to be in the basement ofthe House. It was presented to us by the KewBridge Steam Museum in 2002. It has beenrestored and is run on air on steaming days.

The thought crossed my mind that maybe theMarshall engine was also presented to Kew at thesame time and may still be there. I enclose aphotograph of the Henry Watson pump withdetails.

From John Porter, on 29 August:Robert Carr, in his piece ‘A London Miscellany’ onpage 15, speculates whether the steam engine in

the basement of the Houses of Parliament is stillthere. I am assured that it is.

In fact, it would be a surprise if it had gone,there apparently being no practical way ofgetting it out!

By 11 September John had got it allstraight:Steam Driven Pumps in the Palace of Westminster

The two Henry Watson units were taken outsome 15 years ago and it is one of these that isnow at Crossness. They were, in fact, newer thanthe Marshall unit which is still in place in thebowels of the palace.

Owing to its size, the Marshall two cylinderengine driving a single compressor through acommon crankshaft is likely to remain where it is,unless the proposed major rebuild creates an exitroute.

For a period in the 1980s, the professionalstaff at Kew Bridge Steam Museum, now theLondon Museum of Water and Steam, had acontract to maintain these steam driven pumps.The Marshall was operational as recently as2006. The CIBSE Heritage Group website has avery steamy picture of the engine in action.

Is Coventry to be demolished?

A general blitz is taking place around Coventryrailway station. The 1962, 18 storey StationTower is to be demolished as part of a substantialredevelopment to create a new business quarterjust north of the station, to be called theFriargate.

Robert Carr

To the west of this tower, the Rocket public houseis also to go; it has been boarded up for sometime. The pub is quite historic and may date backto the 1860s. Many of the 1960s buildings in thearea have already been demolished. Currentgoogle street views show the area as it was. Bythe time you read this the area will probably betotally cleared.

It is interesting to note that in the 1960sVictorian public houses were often retained in anattempt to preserve a sense of locality but in thepresent redevelopment this will not be the case.Presumably’ glossy wine bars and the like willreplace the Rocket. The railway station itself wasalso completed in 1962 and this grade II listed

‘bahnhof’ is to survive – but all the otherbuildings of this era are being swept away.

This quite major event is taking place almostwholly without comment. These Coventrybuildings formed a unity of style, a noteworthyEnglish example of the architecture of its age andonly the odd person, perhaps a young architect ora foolhardy urban explorer of abandoned anddangerous buildings appears to have noticed.

General public distaste for this kind of 1960splanned development seems almost universal,but this was a model of its period and for thevisitor of 50 years ago a striking introduction tothe postwar City of Coventry which had risenfrom the ashes of war. A half century ago thiswould have been heralded as the dynamic newyoung Britain, fully capable of taking on the restof the world on its own terms. The newspapers ofthe time would make interesting reading.

A business quarter quite likely similar to theone being redeveloped around Bristol TempleMeads station will probably be the outcome. Thisnew Coventry business quarter will probably beeclectic in style – along the lines of Canary Wharf.

One wonders how many paid archaeologistsor amateur enthusiasts took note of this Coventryclearance. The buildings of ancient Rome areconsidered worthy of study, so why not thebuildings of postwar Coventry? The industrialperiod was still very much in full swing, certainlylocally, when the buildings near Coventry stationwere put up.

Industrial Archaeology Review led the way in2004 with the article by Julian Lamb on MellSquare in Solihull. When this shopping area wasbuilt about 1967 Solihull was attempting to catchup with and emulate Coventry modernity.Michael Stratton, now sadly deceased, took aninterest in Coventry’s car factories and theseindustrial buildings, many not far from its mainrailway station, were part of the same story. Thethen burgeoning British motor industry providedsubstantial funds for Coventry’s postwarrebuilding.

In 1950 the UK exported more motor vehiclesthan the rest of the world put together.

Pump ex Houses of Parliament now on show at CrossnessPumping Station

THE AIA ON TWITTERThe AIA is now on twitter @AIndustrialArch if any twitter-savvy members would like to follow usor contact us that way. The account isn’t constantly monitored, but we’ll try and reply to messagesas soon as we can. We’ll also be happy to retweet industrial heritage news from members, so eithertag us in your message or use the hashtag #loveindustrialheritage and we’ll do our best!


AIA NEWS

Barry Hood, MSc, MBA, ARSM,DIC.1947 – 2015Barry Hood, the Association’s secretary from 2003to 2010, died in August after a lengthy battle withleukaemia. Those who attended any AGM duringthat period will remember the new level to whichBarry took his Annual Report of Council. Lavishlyillustrated with both still and video photography,I, as treasurer, and the next person to present areport, felt a little uneasy with my pedestrianpresentation. Barry’s were much more fun! Barryalso brought his business and IT skills to bear onthe Association’s operations.

Born in London in 1947, Barry was educated atBexley Grammar School, Kent, going on to ImperialCollege, London, gaining an MSc and later an MBAat Henley Management College. As a petroleumengineer he co-founded Nova TechnologyManagement Ltd in 2002. He retired from the oiland gas industry in December 2012 and, ‘rode offinto the sunset without looking back’, saying thatit was time for younger folk to continue.

Following a recurrence of leukaemia in 2014he returned to playing golf and cycling 20 miles aday in order to get himself fit again. The latternearly cost him his life in June last year when hefailed to notice a chain stretched across thecycling track causing him, in his words, to, ‘takeoff like a rocket but, unlike Superman, did not fly’,crashing to earth, his face a bloody mess.Notwithstanding his injuries he remounted hisbicycle to cycle a few miles to a friend’s house.Later in hospital it was discovered that he hadbroken his neck; a consultant surgeon told him heshould be dead twice over – once when he cameoff his bike and the second time when he gotback on it. A week later, a team of surgeons tookfive hours to reattach his skull to his neck.

Barry, after his operation last year washoping to attend the Brighton conference and nodoubt the Edinburgh Festival too; he was aregular at both, but sadly this did not happen. Hewill be missed by all his AIA colleagues, especiallyby me to whom he was a great help both duringhis tenure as secretary and afterwards.

Bruce Hedge.

Maney PublishingAs you may be aware, Maney Publishing hasrecently been acquired by Taylor and Francis, whowill also be taking over the administration of theAIA membership on behalf of The Association andwill manage the publication and despatch ofIndustrial Archaeology Review that is includedas part of your membership. There have beenno other changes to the membershipincluding subscriptions for 2016, so yourannual membership will remain the same aspreviously.

About Taylor & FrancisTaylor & Francis Group, based in Abingdon, is partof Informa PLC whose head office is in London.Informa PLC describes itself as one of the world’sleading business intelligence, academicpublishing, knowledge and events businesses.With more than 6,500 employees globally, it hasa presence in North America, South America, Asia,Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The Taylor &Francis Group publishes more than 2,200 journalsand over 4,000 new books each year, with abooks backlist in excess of 60,000 specialist titles.

Changes to Your Direct DebitIf you normally renew you annual membership byDirect Debit then, following the acquisition, youwill be required to complete a new direct debitform with Taylor and Francis. Owing to dataprotection Maney cannot transfer your bankingdetails to Taylor and Francis and in order forTaylor and Francis to call against your mandatesetup with Maney, they will require you toresubmit the agreement (Direct Debitauthorisation) which will now be betweenyourself and Taylor and Francis. The old ManeyDirect Debit will be cancelled.

You will receive renewal notifications for therenewal of your 2016 membership from Taylorand Francis, which will include a new Direct Debitform to complete.

AIA Council businessAt the AGM Kate Dickson was elected to theCouncil. Kate runs a heritage consultancy fromBuxton and specialises in historic buildingregeneration, including rescuing the cotton millsof Ancoats and working as project manager onthe Birmingham Coffin Factory.

Mark Sissons (who heads the RestorationGrants group) and Mark Watson (ourrepresentative as national rep on TICCIH-GB)have joined the Council. Mark Watson waspreviously co-opted and Mark Sissons spent ayear being co-opted after he completed his termas Chairman.

2016 Conference – 10 to 14SeptemberThis will be in Shropshire, last visited in 1979. Itwill be held at the Telford campus of theUniversity of Wolverhampton, Priorslee, withineasy reach of Telford Central station and the M54

motorway. The Friday Seminar (9 September) willbe on ‘Britain’s Industrial Heritage – What hasWorld Heritage Site inscription done for it?’

During the main Conference our guestspeakers include Barrie Trinder, John Yates (theRolt Lecturer) and Simon Buteux (BirminghamBuilding Preservation Trust). We will be launchinga new revised edition of Barrie Trinder’s ‘IndustrialArchaeology of Shropshire’ and visits will includeThomas Telford’s Wappenshall Canal Basin,Ditherington Flax Mill in Shrewsbury, MiddleportPottery in Stoke, Evans Silver Works and theCoffin Works in Birmingham, Snailbeach andTankerville lead mining sites, Telford’s road andcanals in North Wales, and the Clee Hills.

David de Haan

The All-Party ParliamentaryGroup on the Industrial Heritage Following the change of Government this Grouphas been re-formed, but many of the previous keyplayers are no longer MPs. Do let us know if yourlocal MP is an industrial heritage champion whowe could encourage to attend the meetings.

A Plea for HelpThis is addressed both to individual members butmost of all to Affiliated Societies. If you know ofan industrial building or structure under threatfrom a planning decision please let AmberPatrick, the AIA Endangered Sites Officer, know assoon as you can.

Some planning applications are notified toher but many, even important ones, fail to cometo her attention and the time allowed forobjections is very limited.

She may be able to help but can donothing if she does not know about it.

New MembersA warm welcome to:Martin Conlon of Glasgow (student member)Kate Dickson of BuxtonAlan Telford of Langley Park, Co DurhamWilliam Pickering of Burnopfield, Newcastle uponTyne (student member)Jennifer Brown of AberdeenRobert Jones of Wallasey.

The new AIA Website is liveGo to industrial-archaeology.org to see the newAIA website (no change to the address) and tofind our new and up to date version with manynew features.

Bill Barksfield has taken over the job ofwebmaster from Michael Messenger who haslooked after our website for many years. ThanksMichael – you thoroughly deserve yourretirement from this onerous task.

Please contact Bill on [email protected] if you spot any problems, errorsor omissions. He will be particularly pleased toreceive any additions to Events, News andFeatures together with relevant images now andat any time in the future.Barry Hood


AIA NEWS

2015 Award WinnersLeft to right: Lynne Pearson (Peter Neaverson Award for Outstanding Scholarship in Industrial Archaeology); Caroline Malim, SLR Consulting (CommercialPublications Award); Laurence Hayes, SLR Consulting (Commercial Publications Award); Marilyn Palmer, President, AIA; Penny Middleton, NorthernArchaeological Associates (Archaeological Report Award); Matthew Town, Northern Archaeological Associates (Peter Neaverson Award for Digital Initiativeand Innovation and highly commended for Archaeological Report Award) Peter Daniel, Somerset Industrial Archaeology Society (Voluntary SocietiesPublications Award);

NEWS

Keeping our boilers safeThe Boiler and Engineering Skills Training Trust(BESTT), which represents all steam sectors, isdedicated to providing a training programme toaddress the shortage of skilled craftsmen whocan repair and maintain heritage steam boilers.BESTT has secured a £469,000 Heritage LotteryFund grant towards a two year nationalprogramme, believed to be the first of its typesince the end of steam on British Rail in 1968.

For normal commercial use the steamlocomotive boiler is obsolete. Until the 1960s,huge numbers were in use on railwaylocomotives, ships, traction engines andelsewhere. However, it is crucial to the continuedoperation of hundreds of heritage visitorattractions that proper maintenance is available.There are several thousand privately ownedsteam engines – traction engines, privatelyowned locomotives as well as a smaller numberof ships and stationary engines. It is becomingincreasingly difficult for the few remainingboilershops to keep up with the needs ofoperating these and as the boilers themselves getolder increasing skill is needed to keep them ingood repair.

Operating at pressures sometimes exceeding250 psi (18 Bar) and at very high temperatures,locomotive boilers are safety critical components.They can be kept in operation only through theapplication of specialist skills and equipment.

Around 50 skilled boilersmiths are at work in thiscountry, together with less qualified assistantsand supported by specialist boiler inspectors.However, many skilled specialists are now retiringand there is an increasing shortage of youngpeople entering the industry and gainingappropriate experience. There is also an absenceof the appropriate qualification structure whichcan provide the transferable skills to create ahealthy job market.

New Guidance for MuseumArchive ManagementThe Association of Independent Museums (AIM)has just launched a new online publication: -Successfully Managing Archives in Museums.Written by Emma Chaplin and Janice Tullock, thisnew guide has been created to help museum staffand volunteers understand archive collectionsmanagement and to support them in makingdecisions on how and when it might best beapplied to their collections.

As well as offering practical advice, the guidealso introduces some of the theory behindmanaging archives and providing access to themwith case studies and examples of best practicethroughout. With proper cataloguing and care,museum archives can be an engaging element ofa museum’s collection and the guide is intendedto make sure that archive collections in museumsdo not get overlooked.

It can be downloaded from the AIM website:AIM Success Guides

Two Centuries of Technology atCrofton Pumping StationA unique project to investigate how moderntechnology can improve our knowledge of twohundred year old technology has been completedby Bath University Students for Crofton BeamEngines.

Crofton Pumping Station has linked up withBath University Mechanical Engineering studentsto investigate how a ‘mechatronics’ system, usingmodern remote sensing devices, could helpimprove our understanding of the working ofsuch important early industrial machines.

Remote measurements and recording ofparameters such as temperature, pressure,stresses, vibration etc. could:a) better inform us on how we care for suchengines and on whether we are doing anydamage by continuing to operate the enginesat full power;

b) provide real time information on hand held orfixed devices, to enhance the visitor experienceor for those unable to access all parts of thefive storey building;

c) provide data for off site analysis by students atall levels to explore in detail how suchmachines work and perform.


News from Enderby WharfMembers of the Enderby Group are still hard atwork trying to secure ongoing recognitions of ourheritage in whatever the future holds for EnderbyHouse. The developer is required to put the houseback into a decent condition under the terms ofthe Planning Consent – but what then? Onegroup of our members has been talking to variousdevelopers and interested parties but, as manypeople will be aware, a lot has been going onwith proposals for the Enderby site itself andsome of its neighbours.

Meanwhile, members have been workinghard on getting over the Enderby heritagemessage. Stewart Ash has written a series ofpieces on the history of the site. The whole textfor these is on the Atlantic Cable Web site – thisis a vast and very interesting American site run bythe English enthusiast, Bill Burns – thank you Billfor doing this: search – atlantic-cable.com

In addition Stewart has written three articleswhich are on the Ballast Quay website: search –ballastquay.com industry

Mary Mills

Robert Carr adds:At Enderby Wharf on the Thames in London thesituation has been relatively static of late.Building on a large scale is going ahead on partof the site but the time scale for construction ofthe remainder is not yet known.

North of England ReportThe Grade II Warwick Bridge corn mill on theEnglish Heritage monuments at risk register hasbeen taken over by the North of England CivicTrust which have received a £1.4 million grant tohelp restore this mill to working condition. Thepresent mill building dates to 1840, although thesite dates back to medieval times.

The Nenthead Mines Conservation Societyhave completed the repair of the external walls ofthe north powder store at the end of the tips atHodgson’s mine. A new stone flag roof has beenerected and by the time you read this the insideshould have been lined out in wood in theoriginal manner and doors fitted.

Haig Pit Museum at Whitehaven has re-opened after a major overall with new entrancefacilities.

The National Trust house Acorn Bank nearTemple Sowerby is usually visited for its gardens,but the grounds also contain a water mill. The millbuilding and machinery itself was restored anumber of years ago. Over the summer the corndrying kiln has been rebuilt.

Graham Brooks

The Thames Barge MatchOwing to the death of the organiser, CaptainMark Boyle, the traditional annual barge matchdid not take place in 2014. However, the situationwas rectified this summer and the event tookplace again as usual. This year’s race was held onSaturday 22 August, a really warm and sunny day.The barges were accompanied by the steam tugPortwey – see IA News 142 page 17. This hasbecome a regular feature of the match in recentyears.

This year the course was shortened as therewas insufficient wind. However, sailing back up-

river the wind appeared relatively brisk and someof the faster barges could easily travel at 10 mph.

The photograph shows a group of Thamesbarges off Gravesend with their sails brailed upafter the race. A sight like this but with workingbarges was commonplace eighty years ago andcharacteristic of the Thames.

Robert Carr

Blackfell Hauler House and theNewman Coffin Works win the2015 Angels AwardsThe Blackfell Hauler House on the Bowes Railwaywon the ‘Best rescue of an historic industrialbuilding’ at Andrew Lloyd Webber Angel Awards,while the Newman Brothers. Coffin Works wasthe ‘Peoples’ Choice as best project overall’.

Black Fell Hauler House on the BowesRailway was part of a system of rope haulagetaking wagons of coal from collieries to the Tyne.Since the railway ceased carrying coal in the1970s, the building and its surviving machineryhad been unused and had fallen into disrepair.

NEWS

Enderby Wharf looking north last October. The white building is Enderby House and the preserved cable loading gear can be seen to the left. Photo R Carr

Sails brailed up after the match photo R Carr

Metal theft and vandalism had wrecked themachinery and the building became a location foralcohol, drugs and graffiti abuse.

Work began in May 2014 and consisted of arestored roof, 100% external re-pointing,consolidation of steelwork and new windows anddoors to enable the building to be re-used.

Newman Brothers works was completed in1894, a purpose-built manufactory for smallmetal goods in the Jewellery Quarter inBirmingham. The family ran their coffin fittingsbusiness through almost the whole of thetwentieth century until it became unprofitableand finally closed its doors in 1998. The factoryand offices were left complete with contents andstock as if the workers were taking a tea break. Itfell into disrepair, putting the buildings and thecontents at risk. The regional developmentagency, Advantage West Midlands (AWM),bought the building in 2003 on theunderstanding that plans for its sustainablefuture were developed by BirminghamConservation Trust (BCT).

Building works started in 2013 and the CoffinWorks opened in October 2014. It is now home toBirmingham’s newest museum, ‘NewmanBrothers at the Coffin Works’, where visitors stepback in time to experience the factory as it was inits heyday, and volunteer tour guides demonstratethe historic machinery brought back into workingorder. The remainder of the factory has beenconverted to workshops and offices, all fully let,and both the Birmingham Conservation Trust andthe UK Association of Building Preservation Trustshave relocated their offices there.

The Dukesfield Smelters and Carriers Projectand the Friends of Portland Works were alsoshortlisted for the Industrial Buildings Award.

The Andrew Lloyd Webber Foundation hasrenewed and increased its funding for the AngelsAwards. Next year they will be expanding thecategories to celebrate inspirational communityaction groups; leading pieces of heritage researchand education; and of course, ambitious rescuesof our most important historic buildings andplaces.

Butterley Spillway still underthreatButterley Spillway was designed by the country’sforemost reservoir engineer of his time, ThomasHawksley.

In 2012, Yorkshire Water announced plans todemolish and replace large parts of this grade IIlisted Victorian water structure. Local villagersformed a group to protest against the plans –Save Butterley Spillway. The group’s campaign,supported by the CBA and the Victorian Society,led to the unanimous refusal by Kirklees Councilof the planning application. Yorkshire Water thenappealed against the decision. The subsequentpublic inquiry resulted in the Secretary of Stategranting their appeal and placing the Spillway indanger once more.

Colin Anderson, a retired civil engineer spokeat the public inquiry urging that the planning

refusal be upheld. The inquiry refused to permithis evidence relating to the other options to bringthe reservoir to modern standards whilst causingthe spillway less harm. Consequently, Colin hasfiled a statutory appeal seeking to quash theSecretary of State’s decision. At a High Courthearing on 7 October at which his challenge ofthe Government’s decision was heard a decisionwas reserved and will be announced later.

Colin’s defence of the Spillway leaves himexposed to £12,000 costs if this appeal fails, sohe is asking for pledges to help support hiscampaign. If you would like to make a pledge tosupport this appeal or would like furtherinformation visit the Beautiful Butterley appealswebpage.

Railway Goods Sheds.John Minns, the 2015 Rolt lecturer, is workingwith Historic England on establishing how manyrailway goods sheds survive. This is a oncecommon building type which has suffered heavilythrough both railway closures and redevelopmentof sites. Mike Nevell’s article in 2010 on ‘TheArchaeology of the Rural Railway Warehouse inNorth-West England’ in Industrial ArchaeologyReview, 32:2, 103-15 provided the stimulus forthis work.

Few people under the age of 60 canremember when individual railway wagons wereunloaded by hand or by the use of a simpletimber rotating crane in a country goods shed.Equally unfamiliar is the massive warehouse,within which wagons were moved about on ropesturned by hydraulic capstans, their contentswinched aloft through trap doors to floors filled

with sacks of produce. Yet, until about 50 yearsago, such scenes were commonplace throughoutBritain.

Goods traffic was actually more important forthe railways than passenger traffic, yet both itand the buildings that were associated with ittend to be neglected. This is partly because goodstrains lack the glamour of express trains, andpartly because loading and unloading took placewhere few people saw them. Many goods trainsran at night, especially the long distance freightservices which linked the great cities. Freightterminals were, like docks, concealed behind highwalls: they were places where outsiders were notwelcome unless they were there on business.

Although the buildings associated withgoods traffic have not, in most cases, been usedfor their intended purpose for many years, it doesnot mean that they are of negligible importance.They played a fundamental role in the economicinfrastructure of the 19th and earlier 20thcenturies. The goods shed was the hub throughwhich raw materials arrived and finished goodswere forwarded. It was essential to thedevelopment of modern retailing, makingpossible the distribution of national brands toshops in cities, towns, and villages. As late as the1960s, most of the products sold by Woolworthswere distributed to their shops by rail. A goodsshed was, in effect, the predecessor of the ‘bigshed’ distribution warehouse of today and playedjust as significant a part in the economy. Itdeserves study on the same basis as the textilemills, ironworks, potteries, and other industrialplant that played such a vital role in makingpossible Britain’s dominant nineteenth centuryeconomic position.


NEWS

Interior view of the goods shed at Forth Banks goods station, Tyne and Wear, North Eastern Railway Company.Photo Bedford Lemer, 12500_003 © Historic England


NEWS

The Davy LampNovember 2015 is the 200th anniversary of theDavy lamp. The best known and most successfulof the safety lamps that made a huge differenceto working in the mines.

Cranes at Salford DocksDespite much local opposition two iconicdockside cranes at Salford Docks have recentlybeen dismantled. The City Council declared thatover £1million would be required to make thecranes safe. This figure was hotly disputed by theSalford Dockland Heritage Trust which obtainedover 1000 signatures in a petition to save thecranes.

The cranes were built in 1966 and installed inSouth Dock 6 and were decommissioned in 1988and installed in the site as pictured.

A valuable piece of industrial archaeologyand a prominent feature of the landmark as wellas a memorial to the many dock workers who losttheir lives in the hazardous occupations facingdockworkers has been lost. However, the opinionof Luke Roach, chief executive of the contractorAnthony O’Connor & Sons Ltd who demolishedthe structures was that the cranes were, “badlydegraded. They are structurally unsound and havegone past the point of restoration”. Clearly amatter of opinion.

Roy Murphy

Middleport Pottery engineThe final £18,000 needed to restore the engine atthe pottery was raised with a 100-daycrowdfunding appeal ending in September. Thiscompleted the £167,000 needed to get theengine running again.

Built in 1888 by William Boulton of Burslem,the engine developed 100hp.

Historic CranesAt a conference held in Antwerp on 13 November2015 Jur Kingma, who spoke at the AIA 2015conference about crane heritage in theNetherlands, proposed an international networkfor crane heritage.

For centuries harbour cranes have played akey role in the growing efficiency of seaports,certainly since the breakthrough of steamtechnology. Suggestions include:

A database of historic cranes with technicalinformation.Clickable map with sites of historic cranes.International typology of historic cranes andcrane heritage.Annual crane meeting on site.An electronic newletter.

Those interested should contact Jur [email protected]

French Site Mystery SolvedThe industrial buildings (IA News 174 p17 ‘Whatwas I looking at?’) are the ironworks beside theDoubs river at Rans, about 10 km north of Arc-et-

Salford Docks 1970

Salford docks 2012

Middleport Pottery engine photo Chris Allen and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence


Senans. Thanks are due to Gerry Bannister, whowas able to identify the site from an illustration inMaurice Daumas’s L’Archaeologie Industrielle enFrance, 1980. The works started in 1705, but theremains must largely date from a reconstructionof 1854-7, following its integration with otherworks to form the Société Anonyme des HautsFourneaux, Fonderies et Forges de Franche-Comté. There were three charcoal-fired blastfurnaces in the large building in front and twocoke-fired furnaces in the taller building to therear, and two 100 hp steam engines drivingblowers. These provided the company’s mainsource of pig iron. However, the company seemsto have been relatively short-lived; the charcoalfurnaces had stopped production (and werepossibly demolished) by 1877, and all ironmakingceased in 1891. In the period 1938-1976 anothercompany was manufacturing charcoal on the site,and a hydro-electric plant (possibly still operative)was installed in 1920.

(This information comes from some typescriptnotes on French ironmaking sites – kindlyprovided by Peter Neaverson some years ago; anda French Ministry of Culture website.)

Colin Bowden

Hilla BecherIn June 1966, the German artist Hilla Becher, whodied in October aged 81, set off, together with herhusband Bernd and their two-year-old son Max,to South Wales in a VW camper, towing an oldcaravan fitted out as a darkroom. They were thereon a six-month British Council bursary tophotograph the coalmines’ winding towers andprocessing plants. Whatever initial reservationsthe Welsh miners may have had about thisunusual German family were overcome whenthey saw how determined and thorough Hilla andBernd were with their photography. They usedlarge-format plate cameras and, where necessary,ladders or even scaffolding to construct suitablevantage points from which to photograph.

What Hilla and her husband produced in acareer spanning more than 50 years was not onlythe most scrupulously photographed,encyclopaedic documentation of industrialstructures in the western world – a huge feat initself – but also arguably the most extraordinarilybeautiful photography of our times.

The Bechers exhibited and published theirwork, grouped by subject, in a grid of six, nine, or

fifteen. By the mid-1960s the Bechers had settledon a preferred presentational mode: the imagesof structures with similar functions are displayedside by side to invite viewers to compare theirforms and designs based on function, regionalidiosyncrasies, or their age.

As Hilla said, “By placing several coolingtowers side by side something happened,something like tonal music; you don’t see whatmakes the objects different until you bring themtogether, so subtle are their differences.”

In drawing attention to the culturaldimension of industrial architecture, their workalso highlighted the need for preservation ofthese buildings. On the couple’s initiative, forexample, the Zollern coal mine at Dortmund-Bovinghausen in the Ruhr, for the most part anart-deco structure, was designated a protectedlandmark.

NEWS

Blast Furnaces, 1978-1986 Photograph: Bernd and Hilla Becher/Schirmer/Mosel


LETTERS

Post Industrial Archaeology?When discussing buildings put up after about1970, the following question might arise. Is therea cut off date for industrial archaeology? In theUK industry was petering out from the 1970s andit can certainly be argued that a building datingfrom the twenty-first century is beyond the remitof the Association for Industrial Archaeology.Anything post 2000 could be classified as postindustrial. By about 1980 central government hadshifted its interest away from manufacturing andwas concentrating on finance. Even small family-owned manufacturing businesses struggled tosurvive and only those most resolutelydetermined not to be taken over are still with us.If we consider an office building about 30 yearsold, its occupants might have been managingindustry but almost all the actual manufacturingwould have taken place in the Far East. Does thiscount?

So, time-wise, when does industrialarchaeology end? Should industrial archaeologyinclude topics such as the Brynmawr rubberfactory and Hafodyrynys Colliery coal washery?Park Hill flats in Sheffield built 1957-61 and listedgrade II* in 1998 are certainly industrial –workers housing in fact. In the early period oftheir habitation there was still much old industryin the Sheaf Valley below and the sound ofsteelworkers boots resounded along the Streetsin the Sky. Judging from the internet, topics of thiskind should attract younger members to theAssociation. Imagine an AIA meeting held in theSpring to consider industry and buildings post1945.

Robert Carr

Why I have joined the AIAThis letter was received by our secretary, Davidde Haan on 13 August.

Thank you for the welcome pack for the AIA Ireceived after recently joining. I have wanted toemail you and explain my reason for joining buthave been very busy at work.

We have a family textile company based in ahamlet called Rakewood near the village ofLittleborough about 25 miles north east ofManchester in the foothills of the Pennines and inthe shadow of the M62 motorway as it climbs toits highest point and enters Yorkshire. We havealways been a textile finishing mill rather thanspinners/weavers and over the years have gonethrough dying woollens, bleaching fabric, makingblankets, raising interlinings, transfer printing andlatterly technical lamination.

We have been at our current site since 1859when we moved down the valley from a millfurther up which we had outgrown. The mill weare in now was originally built in 1800 as aspinning mill but that company moved on and wemoved in. Since 1859 the mill has grown orsprawled on the site as processes came and wentand we now find ourselves using a small fractionof the site having downsized following the

decline of the textile industry in the UK.Unfortunately, over time the mill buildings

have decayed, are in a poor state of repair and inneed of urgent renovation and restoration. Owingto this and the decline in the textile business, mylate father, who sadly passed away very, verysuddenly only eight weeks ago, embarked on ascheme to breathe new life into the business andover the past five years has fought localopposition and planning hurdles to gain planningpermission to re-develop the mill, not intohousing as befalls so many, but into a ‘renewableenergy centre’ which would contain renewablepower sources including a wind turbine, solarpanels, ground source heat pumps and a waterturbine. Not only would these provide power forthe site and local area, the site would also beused as an educational facility to teach bothyoung and old about renewable energy sourcesand their place in power production.

We will also have the current textileoperation still running; some units will be forsmall rural businesses to operate from, forinstance a glass blower and blacksmith, and atextile museum will show the history of the siteand the importance of textiles for Lancashire andthe north west. We also aim to reinstate both theundershot waterwheel and eventually the beamengine and line shafts.

So the reason I joined your Association wasto see if, firstly, our situation is of interest to youand your members, and secondly to see ifmembership will open up any channels to advice,help, experience, finance etc as this will be achallenging project. With the tragic loss of myfather I am picking it up without his mind whichwas full of knowledge and ideas of ways tosucceed in this. I am, however, keen to push thisproject forward, and as the tenth generation onsite I feel a need to succeed.

Hopefully, this gives you an insight intoourselves and my reason for joining and hopefullymaybe spikes your interest in the project.

Peter Clegg – [email protected]

Jacquard loomsThe author of the account of the Rhone trip hasmisunderstood the way in which the loom worksin writing, “The Jacquard loom uses punch cardsto control bobbins linked to the flying shuttle andso produces a variety of intricate silk patterndesigns.” The pattern does not come from theweft yarns in the shuttle but from the warp yarnsrunning along the length of the fabric. Each warpyarn passes through an eye connected by a wireto a mechanism that allows the yarn to be raisedor lowered, so that its characteristic colourappears on the front or back of the fabric. ‘Up ordown’ is controlled by whether or not there is ahole in the card. This enables complicated repeatsto be woven in decorative fabrics or to produceindividual pictures. The London Science Museumhas a portrait of Jacquard woven in 1839 using26,000 punched cards. The picture was producedto order and the one in the Museum was acquiredby Charles Babbage.

For nearly 150 years the design had to betransposed to a set of instructions for anoperative who would manually produce the cardson a punching machine. The Silk Museum inMacclesfield has a demonstration of thisoperation. There was a brief interlude whenpunching machines were computer controlled.Then Bonas in England and Staubli in Switzerlanddeveloped an electronic Jacquard in whichelectrical actuators raised or lowered the warpyarns. Until fairly recently, the designer’s drawinghad to be converted to a weave design on pointpaper in which black and white squares indicatedwhether the warp or the weft yarn was on top.This was provided to the weaver to set up theloom. Now computer aided design (CAD) isalmost universally used by designers. Softwareallows the CAD file to be automatically linked tothe computer controlling the weaving machine.

John W S Hearle

The use of metric measurementsThe use of metric measurements is a topic whichraises many issues and has been the subject ofmuch debate. However, the recently publishedbook ‘Welsh Slate – Archaeology and History ofan Industry’ has raised many of these issues andled me to open this subject again.

Where survey and/or recording work iscarried out in metric measurements, those are theunits to be used and where it is considerednecessary to provide imperial dimensions as well,these should be in brackets.

However where a historian is referring to thedimensions used in the past then, in my view,those dimensions should be the main featurewith any metric conversion being in brackets.

To my mind the book is inconsistent, as whenreferring to Welsh names or phrases it puts theEnglish translation in brackets for the benefit ofus non-welsh speakers; for example Straeon yChwarel (Quarry Tales) but conversely, whenquoting dimensions puts the metric equivalentfirst and the true dimension in brackets. Table 3,for example, which gives the dimensions of thevarious slate sizes, gives the size of an empressslate as 660.4 mm x 406.4 mm (26 in x 16 in).

The quarrymen produced slates sized 26 in x16 in not to any metric size and certainly not to666.4 x 406.4 mm. This theoretical conversion ofan imperial size to a metric dimension takes noaccount of production tolerances. At best,considering the method of cutting a slate thewidth would have varied by ± 1/8 in. from thenominal size. On this basis the metric equivalentof an empress slate was 665 x 405 mm.

Further, I doubt anyone has ever measured aslate to a 1/10 of a millimetre, so to give sizes tothis degree of accuracy is absurd and misleading.

The book is further inconsistent when it refersto the use of slate for damp courses and changesto 100ths of a metre, by saying, ‘0.23 metre (9inches) or 0.11 metre (4½ inches) wide (to matchdouble brick walls…)’. Here it is taking thenominal size to the nearest 10 mm, onehundredth as precise as for slate sizes. What it


LETTERS

does not take into consideration is that imperialbricks were not 9ins. in length – that was thenominal length of a brick and its mortar joint soeven to the nearest 100th of a metre a 9 in. brickis only 0.22 meters in length.

Further, he refers to ‘double brick walls’. Inthe trade a wall built of stretchers is a ‘half brickwall’, one twice the thickness a ‘one brick wall’,not a ‘double brick wall’.

This is not a new problem. I had an architectwho detailed sawn bricks to 3 decimal places of amillimetre. How fatuous can you get!

Figure 52 shows ‘the varieties of jumper usedin mines and quarries’. These tools would havebeen hand forged to a nominal length and in usewould have been sharpened and repointed,reducing the length each time. Again the nominallength would have been an imperial length e.g. 8ft. not 2.44 m. Had the smiths used the metricunits of measurement the nominal length wouldprobably have been 2.5 m.

Buildings and other things were made to theunits of the time – please use these as the maindimensions in historic reports. If true dimensionsare to be converted to satisfy the metric world,then please take into consideration tolerancesand do not give absurd figures.

The section on mechanisation is interestingbut again is inconsistent. Referring to use ofhand-operated drills in 1854, it states that it‘bored a hole 11.5 centimetres in diameter, at anaverage rate of 0.9 metres per hour, 4.6 to 7.6metres deep’. There is reference to theProceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers1864. It would be interesting to know if these arethe actual units of measure used by them at that

date or are these, a conversion, without givingthe units as actually recorded.

One further comment: the size of metric unitsis often unrelated to our experience. I wasinvolved in a discussion as to an allowabletolerance for casting a concrete slab. We claimedthat ±12 mm was reasonable. After muchdiscussion I asked the architect what heconsidered to be reasonable and withouthesitation he said 5/8 in. There is a lot to be saidfor imperial measurements and fractions.

John McGuinness

Recording transience – shouldwe treat it as embryonicheritage?This question came to mind recently when I wasvisiting Norway and came across a rathermysterious industrial building which onlydisplayed what turned out to be the name of thesupplier of the ‘building’. The building appearedto be new and clad in a rather nice grey plasticmaterial. We had come across a large temporaryindustrial building which was supplied as suchand which will presumably disappear eventually,leaving no trace beyond the concrete base.

Enquiries identified the use of the building –it houses a facility for breeding the small fish thatare being introduced into salmon fish farms to eatthe lice that infest the salmon and cause damage.The objective is to minimise the dependence onchemicals to reduce damage to the farmedproduct.

We are often concerned about thedestruction of heritage objects, for whatever

reason, but are we doing enough to record thelife of temporary industrial premises, and indeedprocesses, for posterity?

Vaughan Pomeroy

What is this?Found at the Mill House at the Stream Furnace,Chiddingly, East Sussex, TQ555 155 by theWealden Iron Research Group. A cast iron platewith approx dimensions 36in x 24in (940 x600mm) with an inner square flange 16in x16in(400 x 400mm) and two square ports each 6in x6in with traces of brick adhering to the corners.Estimated weight – 150kg.

The reverse side is cast with 0.4in (10mm) liparound the edge of the plate. The plate is 1.4in(35mm) thick but bevels out (on reverse of plateshown) to a greater thickness across thewholewidth as the two ports are approached.

The site is first recorded as a forge in 1548.This was followed by the building of a blastfurnace and cannon boring mill. The forge andfurnace are mentioned in 1653 and 1667. There isa record of guns cast there in 1692/3. The furnaceis marked on Budgen’s map of 1724 but not listedin 1717.

A water powered corn mill postdates thefurnace period and was present on the site in thenineteenth and twentieth centuries, probablyusing the furnace head and tail race.

The OS map of 1875 shows a nearby kiln –for bricks judging by the remaining debris.

Any suggestions?Tim Smith, Chairman

Wealden Iron Research Group

Building at Sunnkjorin, north of Afjord Photo Vaughan Pomeroy Cast iron plate – what is it?


PUBLICATIONS

Local Society and other periodicals received

Abstracts will appear in Industrial Archaeology Review.

Cumbria Industrial History Society Bulletin, 92, August 2015

Dorset Industrial Archaeology Society Bulletin 43, September 2015

Histelec News: Newsletter of the South Western ElectricityHistorical Society, 60, August 2015

Historic Gas Times, 84, September 2015

ICE Panel for Historical Engineering Works Newsletter, 146, June2015

Industrial Heritage Association of Ireland Newsletter, 46, June 2015

Manchester Region Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 150,Summer 2015

Midland Wind and Watermills Group Newsletter, 112, August 2015

National Association of Mining History Organisations Newsletter,73, September 2015

Norfolk Industrial Archaeology Society Journal, September 2015

North East Derbyshire Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter,59, August 2015

Northamptonshire Industrial Archaeology Group Newsletter, 135,Summer 2015

Piers: the Journal of the National Piers Society, 116, Summer 2015

Scottish Industrial Heritage Society Bulletin, 75, July 2015; 76,September 2015

Search: the Bulletin of the South Wiltshire Industrial ArchaeologySociety, 102, September 2015

Somerset Industrial Archaeological Society Bulletin, 129, August2015

South West Wales Industrial Archaeology Society Bulletin, 123, June2015

Suffolk Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 130, August 2015

Surrey Industrial History Group Newsletter, 206, July 2015; 207,September 2015

Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 167, July 2015

Sussex Mills Group Newsletter, 167, July 2015

Trevithick Society Newsletter, 168, Summer 2015

BooksGreat Wheal Vor by Tony Bennett, 600pp, large format paperback at£27.00, ISBN 978-0-9575660-7-1, a limited edition of 100 hardback copiesat £47.00, 978-0-9575660-6-4.

Available from Graham Thorne, Publications Secretary, The TrevithickSociety 01621 892896, [email protected].

Published to celebrate the Society’s 80th Anniversary Year, the definitivehistory, long awaited, of Great Wheal Vor. This was Cornwall’s greatest tinproducer at one time, renowned way beyond the county and yet it isrelatively unknown today. Wheal Vor was so productive that it justified thesmelting of its own tin. Tony Bennet has great knowledge and experience ofCornish Mining, not least through his involvement in the Rosevale Mine atZennor. It contains a detailed history of the mine, including a prolongedcourt case which may have inspired Charles Dickens, as well as informationon the way the mine was worked, its engines, its geology and what remainson the ground. Sir Tim Smit of the Eden Project has contributed anIntroduction.

The book has been generously sponsored by the Cornish Mining WorldHeritage Site Office.

Innovation, Enterprise and Change on the Greenwich Peninsula byMary Mills, A4, 48pp, available from M.Wright Publications, 24 HumberRoad, SE3 7LT [email protected] £8 +£2 p&p. a snapshot of theGreenwich Peninsula showing how it was home to industries which broughtchange both in Greenwich and worldwide. Information about Enderby andtelecommunications, gas works, ship and barge building, steel works andthe Blackwall Tunnel

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DIARY

2015 EUROPEANINDUSTRIAL ANDTECHNOLOGICAL HERITAGE YEAR

27 November – 3 December2015NEW SOUTH WALESTour organised by Heritage ofIndustry to precede conferenceorganised by Engineering HeritageAustralia

To enquire or register [email protected]

1 – 2 December 2015REVIVING PLACES BYREUSING INDUSTRIALHERITAGEin Manchester. The central theme isre-use, with a focus on developingnew uses for vacant, at-riskindustrial buildings by connectingthem to creative industriesbusinesses, developers, investors,other commercial opportunities andcommuni ty - led /not - fo r-p ro f i torganisations. Full details athttp://ih2015.org.uk/. See page 12.

16 April 2016SOUTH WEST & WALESREGIONAL IA CONFERENCEhosted by the Gloucestershire IASociety at Dursley.

23 April 2016IRONBRIDGE PRACTICALWEEKENDSpeaking Up For IndustrialHeritageSee page 12 and AIA website fordetails

6 – 11 May 2016A CELEBRATION OF THE TINWORKING LANDSCAPE OFDARTMOOR IN ITSEUROPEAN CONTEXTPREHISTORY TO THE 20THCENTURYIn Tavistock. The conference willcelebrate the diversity of Dartmoor’sunrivalled industrial landscape, andwill compare its features andtechnologies with those ofcontemporary tinworking areas ofcontinental Europe — CzechRepublic, Germany, France andSpain, as well as that of Cornwall.

A detailed programme for theconference, and booking/paymentdetails, is available on the websiteof the Dartmoor TinworkingResearch Group (www.dtrg.org.uk ).

16 – 22 May 2016AIA SPRING TOUR TOROMANIADetails from Heritage of [email protected]

26 – 30 July 2016ICOHTEC SYMPOSIUM 2016TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION,AND SUSTAINABILITY:HISTORICAL ANDCONTEMPORARYNARRATIVESin Porto, Portugal. CALL FORPAPERS. For suggestions aboutpreparing your submission and theconference presentation, pleaseconsult the guidelines onwww. i c o h t e c . o r g / p r o p o s a l -guidelines.html. See page 12.

6 – 11 September 2016INTERNATIONAL MININGHISTORY CONFERENCEin Linares, Spain. Details are nowavailable on the Web.http://www.mining2016linares.com/>http://www.mining2016linares.com/

9 – 14 September 2016AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE,TELFORDThe Association’s AGM and annualconference in 2016 will be inTelford. Full details and a bookingform will be these pages in duecourse.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS(formerly AIA Bulletin ISSN 0309-0051)ISSN 1354-1455

Editor: Chris Barney

Published by the Association for IndustrialArchaeology. Contributions should be sentto the Editor, Chris Barney, The Barn, BackLane, Birdingbury, Rugby CV23 8EN.News and press releases may be sent tothe Editor or the appropriate AIA RegionalCorrespondents. The Editor may betelephoned on 01926 632094 or e-mail:[email protected]

Final copy dates are as follows:

1 January for February mailing1 April for May mailing1 July for August mailing1 October for November mailing

The AIA was established in 1973 to promotethe study of Industrial Archaeology andencourage improved standards of recording,research, conservation and publication. Itaims to assist and support regional andspecialist survey groups and bodies involvedin the preservation of industrial monuments,to represent the interests of IndustrialArchaeology at national level, to holdconferences and seminars and to publish theresults of research. The AIA publishes anannual Review and quarterly News bulletin.Further details may be obtained from theLiaison Officer, AIA Liaison Office, TheIronbridge Institute, Ironbridge GorgeMuseum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846.

The views expressed in this bulletin arenot necessarily those of the Associationfor Industrial Archaeology.

Information for the diaryshould be sent directly to theEditor as soon as it isavailable. Dates of mailingand last dates for receipt ofcopy are given below. Itemswill normally appear insuccessive issues up to thedate of the event. Pleaseensure details are sent in ifyou wish your event to beadvised.

More Diary Dates can befound on the AIA website at

www.industrial-archaeology.org

The AIA examining the Poyntz Bridge over the Chichester Canal restored and recommissioned by the SIAS in 1997Photo Chris Barney

aia news 140 spring 2007 - industrial archaeology

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