AHSGE-Reading ReviewAHSGE-Reading Review

Comprehension StrategiesComprehension StrategiesWhen you begin your exam.. When you begin your exam..

1. Read1. Read the passages carefully. the passages carefully.

2. Read the questions.2. Read the questions.

3. Strategically underline important text/info3. Strategically underline important text/info

4. Go back and skim for answers-chunk 4. Go back and skim for answers-chunk information as you go.information as you go.

Find the topic of your paragraphs. The main idea Find the topic of your paragraphs. The main idea of a selection is usually stated in the of a selection is usually stated in the first first sentence of the first paragraphsentence of the first paragraph, or the , or the last last sentence of the first paragraphsentence of the first paragraph, such as a thesis , such as a thesis statement.statement.

SkimSkim- Quickly skim or “- Quickly skim or “speed readspeed read” ” through the passage stopping only at the through the passage stopping only at the first sentence in each paragraph. The first first sentence in each paragraph. The first sentence will usually give you an idea of sentence will usually give you an idea of what the paragraph will be about.what the paragraph will be about.Read slowly and intently to find pertinent Read slowly and intently to find pertinent information information after reading the questions.after reading the questions. The key is TO READ the whole passage The key is TO READ the whole passage or section. or section.

Key Words/CluesKey Words/Clues

Find Key words or cluesFind Key words or clues– Each question will contain clues as to where Each question will contain clues as to where

to find answers.to find answers.– Example: What caused Martin to suddenly Example: What caused Martin to suddenly

return to Paris?return to Paris?– Key Words—MARTIN and PARISKey Words—MARTIN and PARIS– Go back and skim the passage for those key Go back and skim the passage for those key

words, and the answer will be close by.words, and the answer will be close by.

Sometimes key words are not repeated in the Sometimes key words are not repeated in the passage. passage.

In this case, search for the general idea of the In this case, search for the general idea of the question.question.

Numbers, years, and quotes can also serve as Numbers, years, and quotes can also serve as key words. key words. – Example: Which of the following best describes the Example: Which of the following best describes the

influence of Monet’s work in the 20influence of Monet’s work in the 20thth century? century? – Key word – 20Key word – 20thth century century

Monitor your understandingMonitor your understanding

SummarizeSummarize as you read. as you read.

ChunkChunk your information by paragraphs. your information by paragraphs.

Read a paragraph; stop and make notes in the Read a paragraph; stop and make notes in the margins of your test. What is the main point in margins of your test. What is the main point in the paragraph? the paragraph?

Underline key words or important names, dates, Underline key words or important names, dates, etc. in the paragraph.etc. in the paragraph.

Jot down a GIST statement in the margin to help Jot down a GIST statement in the margin to help you remember what you have read.you remember what you have read.

Question yourself as you read.Question yourself as you read.– Why is this important to the passage?Why is this important to the passage?– What should I remember from this What should I remember from this – underline or star *underline or star *all important facts, details, all important facts, details,

names, events) This gives you a visual to find names, events) This gives you a visual to find the info when looking for the answers.the info when looking for the answers.

Predict what will come nextPredict what will come nextUse the process of elimination. Write on Use the process of elimination. Write on your test and X out the choices you know your test and X out the choices you know are the wrong answers!are the wrong answers!Infer meanings- ”read between the lines”Infer meanings- ”read between the lines”

Analyzing organizational patternsAnalyzing organizational patternsand Sequence of Eventsand Sequence of Events

Look for signal words to identify patternsLook for signal words to identify patterns– Chronological OrderChronological Order

First, then, after, later, and finallyFirst, then, after, later, and finally

– Cause-and-effect OrderCause-and-effect OrderTherefore, because, subsequently, as a resultTherefore, because, subsequently, as a result

– Comparison ContrastComparison ContrastSimilarly, in contrast, likewise, or on the other handSimilarly, in contrast, likewise, or on the other hand

– Spatial Order-( the order of where things are)Spatial Order-( the order of where things are)Look for prepositions—under the couch, beside the Look for prepositions—under the couch, beside the bed, around the cornerbed, around the corner

Using Context CluesUsing Context Clues

Look at words and sentences surrounding a Look at words and sentences surrounding a new word or an unfamiliar word.new word or an unfamiliar word.

Look before, at, and after the word or Look before, at, and after the word or phrase.phrase.

Connect what you know with what the Connect what you know with what the author has written (background knowledge)author has written (background knowledge)

Use context clues by looking for synonyms Use context clues by looking for synonyms or antonyms nearby to determine meaningor antonyms nearby to determine meaning

Using reference materialsUsing reference materials

Dictionary, glossary, thesaurus, InternetDictionary, glossary, thesaurus, Internet

Look for guide words at the top of the Look for guide words at the top of the pages.pages.

Look for part of speech, definition, or Look for part of speech, definition, or synonyms, word origins.synonyms, word origins.

Apply the meaning to what you have read.Apply the meaning to what you have read.

Tips for reading graphic aidsTips for reading graphic aidsCharts, maps, tables, and diagramsCharts, maps, tables, and diagrams

PREVIEW and PREDICT the passage by PREVIEW and PREDICT the passage by reading the subtitle, title, labels, and other reading the subtitle, title, labels, and other explanatory featuresexplanatory features

Apply the labels to the graphic aidApply the labels to the graphic aid

Maps include a compass rose and legend to Maps include a compass rose and legend to help you interpret direction and symbols.help you interpret direction and symbols.

Charts and graphs compare info in categories Charts and graphs compare info in categories running horizontally and vertically.running horizontally and vertically.

ChartChart

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

East

West

North

*Remember to read ALL fine print and look for asterisks if the chart or map includes these!

Previewing PassagesPreviewing Passages

PREVIEW-title, subtitle, key words, PREVIEW-title, subtitle, key words, captions, illustrations, footnotes, etc.captions, illustrations, footnotes, etc.

LOOK for bold words, italicized or LOOK for bold words, italicized or underlined print. (This will give you an idea underlined print. (This will give you an idea of the purpose of writing)of the purpose of writing)

INFER meanings based on background INFER meanings based on background knowledge. Draw on past experiences and knowledge. Draw on past experiences and readingsreadings

Propaganda/FallaciesPropaganda/Fallacies

PropagandaPropaganda-uses emotional tactics to -uses emotional tactics to sway a reader’s opinion or to convince a sway a reader’s opinion or to convince a reader to do something he or she may not reader to do something he or she may not ordinarily do.ordinarily do.

Loaded languageLoaded language

BandwagonBandwagon

TestimonialTestimonial

FearFear

Loaded Language-Loaded Language- a common technique with a common technique with specific implied or exaggerated meanings to sway specific implied or exaggerated meanings to sway

a readera reader

Our competition’s product is Our competition’s product is disgustingdisgusting at at best. They take best. They take chicken partschicken parts, , mush mush them together, fry them in them together, fry them in lardlard, and then , and then deep deep freezefreeze them before finally them before finally disposingdisposing of them in your stores to buy for your of them in your stores to buy for your children!children!

BandwagonBandwagon- uses peer pressure to convince the - uses peer pressure to convince the reader to “join the crowd” because “everyone is reader to “join the crowd” because “everyone is doing it” and you “don’t want to be left behind.”doing it” and you “don’t want to be left behind.”

Smart shoppersSmart shoppers insist on using Tide with insist on using Tide with bleach. It’s the bleach. It’s the smart choicesmart choice for you and for you and your family! Don’t waste your money on your family! Don’t waste your money on the other brand; the other brand; no one else does!no one else does!

TestimonialsTestimonials- using a famous person to - using a famous person to

convince you to buy a productconvince you to buy a product..

Michael Jordan drinks Purity brand milk! It Michael Jordan drinks Purity brand milk! It does his body good! You should drink does his body good! You should drink Purity, too!Purity, too!

Penelope Cruz is an “Easy, Breezy, Penelope Cruz is an “Easy, Breezy, Beautiful, COVER GIRL!”Beautiful, COVER GIRL!”

Fear-popular among political candidates to present Fear-popular among political candidates to present dreaded circumstances and follow it up with dreaded circumstances and follow it up with

something to prevent that horrible event.something to prevent that horrible event.

H1N1 Vaccine-H1N1 Vaccine-

The WHO says that ALL Americans should The WHO says that ALL Americans should take the H1N1 vaccine or face inevitable take the H1N1 vaccine or face inevitable death.death.

Literary ElementsLiterary ElementsBe familiar with Be familiar with allall literary elements studied in literary elements studied in English class.English class.

Common elementsCommon elements– SimileSimile( uses like or as)( uses like or as)– metaphor metaphor (compares two unlike things without like or (compares two unlike things without like or

as) “The past is a bucket of ashes”as) “The past is a bucket of ashes”– allusionallusion ( a reference to a well known person, place, ( a reference to a well known person, place,

situation or character from history, music or art or situation or character from history, music or art or literature.) “Snowball , who had studied an old book of literature.) “Snowball , who had studied an old book of Julius Caesar’s campaigns…”Julius Caesar’s campaigns…”

– personificationpersonification- giving human qualities to something - giving human qualities to something NOT HUMAN. Ex:The trees whispered a sweet lullaby.NOT HUMAN. Ex:The trees whispered a sweet lullaby.

Alliteration- the repetition of initial Alliteration- the repetition of initial consonant soundsconsonant sounds EX: “And the EX: “And the ssilken, ilken, ssad, unad, unccertain ruertain russtling of tling of

each purple curtain/ Thrilled me—” from Poe’s each purple curtain/ Thrilled me—” from Poe’s “The Raven”“The Raven”

Hyperbole- Extreme exaggeration Hyperbole- Extreme exaggeration

Ex: Her screaming split my ears open!Ex: Her screaming split my ears open!

ThemeTheme

Theme- Theme- a central message in a work of a central message in a work of literature.literature.

– Stated theme-Stated theme- message is stated message is stated directly in the text.directly in the text.

– Implied theme-Implied theme- revealed gradually through revealed gradually through events, dialogue, or description. You will have events, dialogue, or description. You will have to infer meaning with implied themes. to infer meaning with implied themes.

– Use common sense when all else fails!Use common sense when all else fails!

Making inferencesMaking inferences

An inference involves An inference involves using your reason using your reason and experienceand experience to come up with an idea to come up with an idea based on what a writer implies or based on what a writer implies or suggests, but does not directly state.suggests, but does not directly state.

Tone/moodTone/mood

Tone- the writer’s attitude toward his/her Tone- the writer’s attitude toward his/her subject.subject.

Mood- the feeling created in you, the Mood- the feeling created in you, the reader, as you read a piece of literature.reader, as you read a piece of literature.

Fact/OpinionFact/Opinion

Facts usually have no ambiguous words. Facts usually have no ambiguous words. Can be proven in some way.Can be proven in some way.– For example, how long is a For example, how long is a long timelong time? What ? What

defines an defines an ordinary personordinary person??

Opinions may be set out in the context of Opinions may be set out in the context of words like words like thought, believed, thought, believed, understood, or wished.understood, or wished.

Drawing ConclusionsDrawing Conclusions

Involves thinking or reasoning when all Involves thinking or reasoning when all facts are not given in the text.facts are not given in the text.

You are using clues to discover what has You are using clues to discover what has happened or if it is truehappened or if it is true

Think “The Cask of Amontillado”Think “The Cask of Amontillado”

Why was Fortunato dressed like he was?Why was Fortunato dressed like he was?

Predicting OutcomesPredicting Outcomes

Deciding what will happen next within a Deciding what will happen next within a story or after it has ended.story or after it has ended.

We can predict that Fortunato’s We can predict that Fortunato’s punishment will be punishment will be – FittingFitting– MildMild– ModerateModerate– Deadly**Deadly**