agroscope fusarium species and mycotoxins in oats: effect of … · 2014. 7. 31. · resistance...

Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER

Agroscope

July 15, 2014

Fusarium species and mycotoxins in oats: effect of cropping factors and health promoting compounds T. Schirdewahn, C. Martin, F. Mascher, T.D. Bucheli, M. Bertossa, R. Morisoli, T. Musa, S. Vogelgsang Agroscope

2

Outline

• Aims and challenge

• Project description

• Preliminary results

• Conclusions and upcoming work

3 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014

Aims & challenge • Promotion of cereal production for food

Swiss barley and oats for food, less for feed

Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS

http://www.myswitzerland.com/

All Swiss barley is used for feed!





http://www.about.ch/culture/food/





http://www.about.ch/culture/food/

Oats: 86% import! The little amount of oats produced in Switzerland is used for feed.




• Improved health Elevated content of health promoting compounds (HPCs) in certain cereal varieties, e.g. phenolic acids, anthocyanins, arabinoxylans, carotenoids, β-glucans

• Fusaria and mycotoxins → severe yield losses → threat to human health

• Improved safety HPCs could reduce growth of toxigenic Fusarium species

→ Healthy & Safe (start: December 2013)


Healthy & Safe project Work packages

WP 2: Epidemiology

WP 1: Occurrence

WP 4: Modelling & forecasting

WP 5: Implementation

Cropping, environmental and genetic factors

Integration of results and implementation

WP 3: Resistance

As of now: preliminary results available


Occurrence - Epidemiology - Resistance - Forecasting

• Monitoring of growers’ samples throughout Switzerland (cropping factors)

• Agroscope variety trials in S, W & E Switzerland (cropping & environmental factors)

WP 1

F. equiseti F. graminearum F. crookwellense

9 © ESRI

Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope International Mycotoxin Conference, 19-23 May, 2014, Beijing, China

Very small country but with large climatic differences between regions



• Climate chamber Variety, temperature & leaf wetness duration

WP 2

conidia suspension



Inoculation during anthesis

• Climate chambers Variety, temperature & leaf wetness duration

• Field conditions Weather & inoculum

WP 2

conidia suspension

12


WP 3

• Resistance experiments at three sites in Switzerland - HPC enhanced genotypes - Artificial infections

“Ebène” “Gailette”

“President” “Canyon”

13 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS

Tänikon Zurich-Reckenholz Wädenswil

Liebefeld Posieux

Avenches

Changins Conthey

Cadenazzo

Sites of resistance experiments


Tänikon Zurich-Reckenholz Wädenswil

Liebefeld Posieux

Avenches

Changins Conthey

Cadenazzo

Sites of resistance experiments

15


• Resistance experiments at three sites in Switzerland - HPC enhanced genotypes - Artificial infections

• Toronit x 211.12014 mapping population Role of carotenoids

• Wheat isolines Anthocyanin spectrum

• HPCs on in vitro growth and toxin production

WP 3

“Ebène” “Gailette”

“President” “Canyon”



Information system for risk assessment of FHB and DON contamination in wheat

WP 4



for wheat, oats, barley and their mycotoxins


WP 4



for wheat, oats, barley and their mycotoxins

© H.R. Forrer, Agroscope ART


WP 4 WebApp for FusaProg: as of now available for wheat only


WP 5 Implementation partners

Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS

Industry & marketing

Konferenz der kantonalen Pflanzenschutzdienste (KPSD) Conférence des services phytosanitaires cantonaux (CSP) Conferenza degli servizi fitosanitari cantonali (CSF)

Extension

Research


1. Workshop with partners, January 2014

22

WP 1: Occurrence - monitoring 2013

• 280 barley samples from 17 cantons


23

WP 1: Occurrence - monitoring 2013

• 280 barley samples from 17 cantons • 93 oat samples from 11 cantons


24

WP 1: Questionnaire on cropping factors


production system

variety previous crop

tillage / residue management

25

Results oat monitoring 2013 (n =93) Fusarium species distribution


FP: ∅ 4% (0-18%)

FG: ∅ 1 % (0-22%)

FL: ∅ 1% (0-11%)

F. poae F. poae

55%

17%

16%

7%

1% 3% F. poae

F. graminearum

F. langsethiae

F. avenaceum

F. culmorum

F. tritcinctum

F. crookwellense

F. equiseti

F. spp.

Agroscope ©

26

Results oat monitoring 2013 Fusarium species distribution


FP: ∅ 4% (0-18%)

FG: ∅ 1 % (0-22%)

FL: ∅ 1% (0-11%)

F. poae F. poae

3% F. poae

F. graminearum

F. langsethiae

F. avenaceum

F. culmorum

F. tritcinctum

F. crookwellense

F. equiseti

F. spp.

NIV, DAS

DON, ZEA

T-2, HT-2

FG

Barley (n=280)

FA

Agroscope ©

27

NIV DON ZEA HT-2 T-2

Toxi

n co

nten

t (µg

kg-

1 )

0

100

200

300

400

Oat monitoring: average toxin contents

n = 93

∅ sum T-2 & HT-2 toxins: 450 µg kg-1

F. poae

F. graminearum

F. langsethiae

Agroscope ©

28

Wieland

(n=34)

Triton (n

=32)

Gaillette

(n=7)

Expand

er (n=6)

Ebène (

n=4)

Presiden

t (n=3)

Gra

ins

infe

cted

by

Fusa

rium

spp

. (%

)

0

2

4

6

8

F. poaeF. langsethiae

P < 0.001 P = 0.007

Effect of oat varieties on incidence of Fusarium species

Agroscope ©

29

Wieland

(n=34)

Triton (n

=32)

Gaillette

(n=7)

Expand

er (n=6)

Ebène (

n=4)

Presiden

t (n=3)

Gra

ins

infe

cted

by

Fusa

rium

spp

. (%

)

0

2

4

6

8

F. poaeF. langsethiaeF. graminearum

Effect of oat varieties on incidence of Fusarium species

P < 0.001 P = 0.007 n.s.

FL ↑ FG ↓ and vice versa: Different ecological niches?

Agroscope ©

30

Wieland

(n=34)

Triton (n

=32)

Gaillette

(n=7)

Expand

er (n=6)

Ebène (

n=4)

Presiden

t (n=3)

Gra

ins

infe

cted

by

F. p

oae

/ F. l

angs

ethi

ae (%

)

0

2

4

6

8

10

sum

HT-

2_T-

2 (

g kg

-1)

0

200

400

600

800

F. poaeF. langsethiaesum HT-2/T-2

R =0.11, n.s. R =0.53, P < 0.001

Effect of oat varieties on HT-2/T-2 toxin content & correlation

Agroscope ©

31

Wieland

(n=34)

Triton (n

=32)

Gaillette

(n=7)

Expand

er (n=6)

Ebène (

n=4)

Presiden

t (n=3)

Gra

îns

infe

cted

by

F. g

ram

inea

rum

(%)

0

2

4

6

8

Deo

xyni

vale

nol (µg

kg-

1 )

0

50

100

150

200

250

300F. graminearumDeoxynivalenol

Effect of oat varieties on FG, DON content and correlation

R = 0.47, P < 0.001

In monitoring few samples of «black oats»

Agroscope ©

32 wheat mai

zebarl

ey oats

spelt w

heatpota

toes triticale

Gra

ins

infe

cted

by

F. p

oae

(%)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14 P = 0.002

34 24

4 15

3

3 3

Effect of previous crops on F. poae incidence in oats

Effect from spelt wheat probably coincidence (n=3) → more data needed

Agroscope ©

33 Healthy & Safe: Fusaria and mycotoxins in oats | July 15, 2014 Susanne Vogelgsang | © Agroscope ISS wh

eat maize

barley oats

spelt w

heatpota

toes triticaleG

rain

s in

fect

ed b

y F.

gra

min

earu

m /

F. la

ngse

thia

e (%

)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6F. graminearumF. langsethiae

Effect of previous crops on incidence of F. graminearum / F. langsethiae

Different ecological niches?

n.s. P = 0.049

Agroscope ©

34

34 24

4 15

3

3

Effect of previous crops on toxins content in oats

wheat

maize

barley oats

spelt w

heatpota

toes triticale

Toxi

n co

nten

t (µg

kg-

1 )

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200 nivalenoldeoxynivalenolT-2 toxinHT-2 toxin

n.s. -″- P < 0.001 -″-

Agroscope ©

35 Toro

nitDiga

naQua

rna Caral

AltareCam

palaGreina

Fiorina

Chasse

ral0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Num

ber o

f spi

kele

ts w

ith s

ympt

oms

/ 30

spik

es

P < 0.001 n = 27

very high carotenoid

content

already ranked as «less susceptible»

Resistance experiments with artificial infections - symptoms in wheat varieties

Symptom rating in oats not possible

F. graminearum

Agroscope ©

36

Conclusions


• Growers‘ oat samples were contaminated T-2 & HT-2 content somewhat scary

• Pronounced effect between varieties - different for individual Fusarium species - true variety effect, or weather or HPC related?

• Effect of cropping factors not clear yet Dataset for oats - in contrast to wheat and barley - still very small; more samples and in-depth analyses needed

37

Ongoing experiments and outlook


• Oat and barley monitoring 2014 running • Resistance experiments at 3 sites

(oat, barley, wheat) Harvest has started, followed by seed health test (incidence), qPCR, toxin content

• Epidemiology: climate chamber experiments running, field in 2015 Effect of temperature, leaf wetness duration on infection, contamination and spore deposition


Health threatening mycotoxins

Value added, healthy & safe cereals Economic & social benefits: • reduced toxin risks and less fungicide use

• increased attractiveness of Swiss food products


Thank you Support in the lab & field: • Andreas Kägi • Paride Missio • Irene Bänziger • Eveline Jenny • Phillip Streckeisen • Felix Wettstein • Field workers group

Oat & barley samples: • Cantonal plant

protection officers • Participating growers

For your attention Funding: Swiss National Science Foundation

Inspiration for research in plant pathology Hans-Rudolf Forrer

40 FG 32.4 | Highlights & Tätigkeitsfelder Susanne Vogelgsang | © Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART

RG Ecology of Noxious & Beneficial Organisms

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 191. Workshop with partners, January 20141. Workshop with partners, January 2014WP 1: Occurrence - monitoring 2013WP 1: Occurrence - monitoring 2013WP 1: Questionnaire on cropping factorsResults oat monitoring 2013 (n =93)�Fusarium species distributionResults oat monitoring 2013�Fusarium species distributionOat monitoring: average toxin contentsEffect of oat varieties on incidence of Fusarium species Effect of oat varieties on incidence of Fusarium species Effect of oat varieties on HT-2/T-2 toxin content & correlationEffect of oat varieties on FG, DON content and correlationEffect of previous crops on �F. poae incidence in oatsEffect of previous crops on incidence of�F. graminearum / F. langsethiaeEffect of previous crops on toxins content in oatsResistance experiments with artificial infections - symptoms in wheat varietiesConclusionsOngoing experiments and outlookSlide Number 38Slide Number 39Slide Number 40

agroscope fusarium species and mycotoxins in oats: effect of … · 2014. 7. 31. · resistance...

Documents