agrimech october 2015

AGRI MECH(YOUR FARM TECHNOLOGY NAVIGATOR)

VOL I | ISSUE 6 | OCT 2015RNI No. HARENG00941

Exhibition International Business Meet |

Vendor Development Meet Business Conferences|

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Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises Govt. of India

Indo-African Chamber Of Commerce & Industries

EUROPE-INDIASME BUSINESS COUNCIL

GAMBIA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE & INDUSTRIES

Agriculture Machinery Manufacturer Association-India

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tner

Cou

ntry

Botswana Gambia Mali Niger Burkina faso Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Kenya Mozambique Nigeria South Africa

Indian Technical Textile Association

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Atul Auto Ltd.

Steam Power Enertech Pvt. Ltd.

Paragon Papers Corporation H

ospi

talit

y P

artn

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uPVC Pipe & Irrigation Systems

Captain Polyplast Ltd.Natural Vegetables & Fruits Pvt. Ltd.Captain Tractors Pvt. Ltd.Khedut Agro Engineering Pvt. Ltd.

Nyari Dam Road, Rajkot-360005. Ph.: +91-281-2783600www.regencylagoonresort.com

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CONTACT : SMS : 9426254611 [email protected]

S K AliEditor in Chief

[email protected]

Raji NaqviAdver�sement Manager

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Dhruv VishvasSubscrip�on Manager

[email protected]

Naveen RanaGraphic Designer

[email protected]

Raza JarrarWebmaster

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Our TeamEditorial policy is independent, Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors.

Registered as Monthly Magazine by Registrar of Newspapers for India. Vide RNI no. HARENG00941

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Editorial and adver�sements may not be reproduced without the wri�en consent of the publishers. Whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of AGRI MECH. The publishers do not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein.Publica�on of news, views and informa�on is in the interest of posi�ve development of Global Farm Mechaniza�on. It does not imply publisher’s endorsement.

Unpublished material of industrial interest, not submi�ed elsewhere is invited.

The submi�ed material will be published a�er going through the relevancy of the magazine subject and may be returned in case of not found appropriate.

Publisher, Printer: S K Ali on behalf of RK Media and Communica�ons, Delhi

Printed at: Crea�ve Design & Print, H.No 14, 1st Floor, Sunlight Colony-I, New Delhi - 110 014Published at: 1723, Sector – 9, Urban Estate, Karnal – 132 001 (Haryana)

Editor in Chief: S K Ali

Thank you for reading October 2015 edi�on of AGRIMECH, the monthly magazine dedicated to forward-looking farm equipment from tractors to harvesters, handlers to implements.

As the world gets smaller due to the development of transporta�on and communica�on tools; if we leave this widening disparity on the globe, world peace will never come true.

Agriculture brings original environment and culture to every region and this has made our human lives rich and prosperous. Agriculture is harmoniza�on between human beings and other life systems. With this harmoniza�on, it has not only changed the life systems but also given dis�nc�ve “so�ware” or heart inside human beings and developed spiritual and social culture. In other words, agriculture is interac�on between human beings and the life systems. We must not allow others to destroy agriculture for the sake of short-term profits to exploit nature as an industry to produce food as commodi�es. To achieve be�er interac�on and harmoniza�on, we will need be�er equipment and knowledge. The most vital item of all inputs is agricultural machinery. As the popula�on grows whilst the farming land in the world is limited, the most fundamental undertaking would be an increase of the land produc�vity. The necessary condi�ons for this are �mely and accurate opera�ons. It is the most important mission of agricultural mechaniza�on.

Importance of mechaniza�on has already been felt while small farmers believe that using a tractor with a few basic implements is farm mechaniza�on. Small, medium and large manufacturers exist in nearly all the developing countries. Generally, large manufacturers give prac�cal importance to research and adapta�on of new inven�ons, while they face compe��on of product cost with small manufacturers.

When agriculture and farmers become affluent in this world, there will be true peace. We should endeavor to harmonize and sustain with the other life systems beau�fully by using agricultural machinery for world peace.

The reason behind the publica�on of AGRIMECH, is to narrow the gap between the mechaniza�on and it’s end-users and discuss ways for especially farmers in developing countries to become sufficient by themselves with the introduc�on of a chain of appropriate technologies.

Because of the most discussed and interes�ng ar�cles and pictures AGRIMECH, creates a complete reach to farm machinery professionals. If you are into Agriculture Mechaniza�on business, you should definitely be displayed in AGRIMECH.

03 AGRI MECH October' 15

ContentsContents06

16

22

28

30

36

37

38

38

Agriculture mechanization: Its role inthe development of civilization

Is Indian agriculture ready for“Gedgetizaion”

Farm Machinery: Helping farmers feed the world

Why does the farm machinery ma�er?

Checkweighers: The key to optimizedOEE

Improving your agriculture efficiencythrough farming machinery

The Importance of servicing yourfarm machinery

Teagle adds bluetooth tech to latestfeeder-bedder

39

34 An Introductory guide to buying a tractor 39

Defra satellite imagery to help assesscrop damage

35 40How farm planting machinery guaranteessuccess in the agriculture industry

Trimble automates implement turnsat row-ends

New app says whether to spray cropsor not

Mahindra to Acquire a 33% Share inMitsubishi Agricultural Machinery Company

Editorial CommitteeDr Gyanendra SinghM.Tech , Ph.DMember Task Force Committee (Agriculture), Government of Madhya PradeshMember Academic Council, JNKVV, Jabalpur

Dr Shimon Horovitz RobertoB.Sc. AgronomyConsultant - Open fields and greenhousesJerusalem, Israel

Dr. Joginder Singh MalikProfessor of Extension EducationCCS Haryana Agricultural UniversityHisar-125 004 (Haryana) INDIA

Dr. Ghanshyam T. PatleAssistant ProfessorCollege of Agricultural Engineering & Post Harvest TechnologyCentral Agricultural University, ImphalManipur (INDIA)

Raghavan SampathkumarFounder & PrincipalSMARTAgBiz

Dr. Said Elshahat AbdallahAssociate ProfessorAgricultural Process EngineeringDepartment of Agricultural Engineering,Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh Univ.Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt

DOUGLAS AYIREBIDE ALEKIBAProduction SupervisorMim Cashew and Agricultural Products Ltd.,Mim – Brong Ahafo,Ghana

Yash AgrawalBusiness Development AssociateBIS Research

A. S. SUBBARAOSr.Manager - AgronomySBU - SouthAgronomy DepartmentNETAFIM, India



Road to mechanization

it is common knowledge that the first spark that ignited the long process of human evolution went off around 12,000 years ago with the transition of early humans f r o m h u n t e r - g a t h e r e r s t o agricultural societies.The discovery of how to cultivate the land and to breed animals has

transformed the earlier groups of hunter-gatherers into sedentary societies based on small villages. The food surp lus a l lowed humans to establish food stocks, reduce mortality, raise more children concurrently, whereas this was not possible previously, and support a denser population, which in turn encouraged the development of larger sedentary

communities.The result is that world population significantly increased by about one million in 10,000 BC to an estimated value of 200 million at the Roman time, as the result of what historians call the “Neolithic Revolution”, that is a virtuous circle of progressive increase of food supplies and a consequent population growth.Considering that survival and w e l l - b e i n g w e r e s t r i c t l y connected to agriculture, the first pioneering efforts of the human mind have been totally dedicated to the creation of tools and implements such hoes, sickle etc. able to facilitate the farming operations that therefore can be considered as the forerunners of modern agricultural implements.We can therefore assert that agricultural engineering – in its

e a r l i e s t a n d s implest f o r m s – was t he f i r s t technologi c a l innovation that has

radically changed the life and the s t r u c t u r e o f t h e h u m a n communi ty and i t may be properly considered to be the mother o f a l l subsequen t innovations that have led to the technological level in today's society.Agricultural production and related technologies remained

Agricultural mechanization:

developmentof civilization

its role in the

The food surplus allowed humans to establish food stocks, reduce mortality, r a i s e m o r e c h i l d r e n concurrently, whereas this was not possible previously, and suppor t a denser population, which in turn e n c o u r a g e d t h e development of larger sedentary communities.

driving force of human civilizationAgricultural tools:

allowing increasing by 40 times the productivity of human labor.In th is same t ime per iod,

monasteries spread through Europe and became important centers for the collection and the diffusion of knowledge related to agriculture and forestry while large landowners introduced a


substantially unchanged for many thousands of years with a slow but steady increase in population and we must wait until the Middle Ages in order to attend to a new, important evolutionary leap.Between the XI and XIV century E u r o p e s a w s i g n i f i c a n t improvements in the agricultural techniques and technologies.I n t h i s p e r i o d o f t i m e a considerable development of handcraft and iron working led to the dissemination of several technological innovations. The production of agricultural hand tools grew greatly and the plough was signif icant ly improved developing from the ancient symmetrical wooden plough into the mouldboard plough capable of turning over the heavy, wet soils of northern Europe.The use of animal traction was significantly improved by the development on yoking of animals from the ancient strap system to front yoke for oxen and to horses collar which allowed the animals to download the weight of the whole body, greatly increasing the efficiency of coupling. To protect the hooves of horses at work also the practice of shoeing began to spread.Among the major innovations of that period must be taken into consideration also the spread of watermills and windmills, initially developed in Roman times, which in Middle Age were greatly improved and disseminated for grinding grain and wood cutting

better control of both their land and their laborers through the manorial system.So farming technique developed as well, the concept of summer irrigation was introduced and there was a significant expansion of arable land through land reclamation and remediation. European farmers moved from two field crop rotation to a three field crop rotation in which one field of three was left fallow every year and new crop were planted.Thanks to the combined effect of all these factors the efficiency of seeding (wheat) doubled from 1:2 to 1:4 and there was a signi f icant increase in the q u a n t i t y a n d q u a l i t y o f agricultural production, which in turn led to the development of commerce and an increase in

population making a further step forward in the path of evolution of human society.In 1700 the advent of the Enlightenment produced a sea change in human thought which led to the birth of modern science; reason and experience became the driving forces in the process of advancement of knowledge laying the foundation of modern scientific thought.

RevolutionAgriculture

The use of animal traction was

significantly improved by the

development on yoking of

animals from the ancient strap

system to front yoke for oxen

and to horses collar which

allowed the animals to

download the weight of the

whole body, greatly increasing

the efficiency of coupling.

ARTICLE


Even for agriculture began a period of radical change, the first texts of agronomy appeared and a s e r i e s o f i n n o v a t i o n s , improvements and techniques in Great Britain, the Netherlands, and others neighboring countries gave r ise to the so cal led Agricultural Revolution that represents the major turning point in farming systems.Under the pressure of two important social factors:

Growing populat ion but most ly the increase in number of urban dwellers creating an increase in demand for food.

Better organization of land management replacing the open f ie ld system wi th compact farms through the Enclosure Acts.

The agriculture saw a radical transformation process moving beyond the use of primitive techniques of subsistence to generate the kind of surpluses needed to feed thousands of people working in factories instead of in agriculture.

Many factors have contributed to this deep change:

Introduction of four-field crop rotation with fodder crops, part icular ly turnips and c l o v e r , w h i c h g r e a t l y increased crop and livestock yields by improving soil fertility and reducing fallow.

Selective breeding Use of fertilizers with dung

pits to hold and preserve animal manure.

Use of deep trenches for land drainage

New crops from trade with Americas, including corn and potatoes.

But absolutely crucial was the contr ibut ion of agricultural engineering that with the great improvement of existing tools and the invention of the first farm machinery began the long process of development toward the agricultural mechanization in modern sense.A major contribution to provide t h e b a s i s f o r m o d e r n mechanization comes from the

English agricultural pioneer Jethro Thull. After some early attempts by Giuseppe Locatelli and Giovanni Cavallina in Italy, in 1701 he perfected a horse-drawn seed drill able to sow seed in uniform rows and cover up the seed in the rows. Later he also developed a horse drawn hoe and Thul l 's methods were

a d o p t e d b y m a n y g r e a t landowners.In 1730 in Rotherham, England, the plough design was steadily improved with new shapes and covering the mouldboard with iron. The Rotherham plough was much lighter than conventional design and it began to be manufactured industrially. At the same time spread the use of horses for traction in substitution of oxen with an increase of 50% in the working speed.Ne l 1753 in F lo rence the “Accademie dei Georgofili” was founded, books of agronomy began to spread, and agriculture became a science.Renewed agricultural practices and techn ica l innovat ions produced an important increase in yield per land unit (seed efficiency raised to 1:7) and in food supplies that enabled an unprecedented popula t ion growth, freeing up a significant percentage of the workforce, and thereby Agricultural Revolution can be considered one of the catalyst of the following Industrial

Evolution.

The extraordinary development of the last three centuries is well known: the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s and the Green Revolution of the second half of

Industrial RevolutionMechanization after the

ARTICLE


the last century has completely transformed society and the agricultural production system.The world's population that until the 18th century had grown very slowly up to approximately 600 million, thanks to the growing availability of food resources and the improvement of economic conditions, begins to grow more and faster to get to nearly 7 billion today.The transition from subsistence to market-oriented agriculture, which started three centuries earlier in industrialized countries, comes to complete fulfillment and today only 1-2% of the population produces enough food for the

entire community. The remaining question of famine is not that we need more food, but how we distribute it within the world.This unprecedented growth of the agricultural productivity at a global scale has been enabled by the joint action, by one hand, of scientific discoveries in the field of agronomy which led to the introduction of newer higher- yield seeds and to the expanded use of fertilizers and pesticides, and, on the other hand, by development of agricultural engineering technology that has made available machines and equipment more and more powerful and efficient.In Europe theoretical studies on the improvement of the plough continued and the prototype designed by Cosimo Ridolfi, a member of Accademia dei G e o r g o f i l i , a n d R a f f a e l l o

Lambruschini, was awarded at the International Exhibition in Paris in 1855. A few years earlier, in 1835, an American blacksmith John Deere introduced the first steel plough a n d C y r u s M c C o r m i c k invented the horse-drawn m e c h a n i c a l reaper.A t t h e beginning of t h e 2 0 t h century, the m e c h a n i c a l power finally c o m e s i n t o a g r i c u l t u r e and starts the s e a s o n o f m o d e r n mechanization. In the US, Henry Ford introduced the first widely popular mass-produced tractor in 1917 and soon after the first tractors powered by diesel engine were born in Germany (Benz Sendling DS-6, in 1922) and in Italy (Cassani, in 1927).T h u s t h e t r e m e n d o u s transformation of the agricultural system of the 20th century began. Until the end of 19th century agriculture was labour-intensive, and it took place on a large number of small farms occupying more than half the population and a huge number of working animals. Nowadays agriculture is concentrated on a s m a l l n u m b e r o f h i g h l y productive and mechanized farms employing a thin share of active population and freeing major human resources for e c o n o m i c g r o w t h a n d development.D u r i n g i t s l o n g p a t h w a y agriculture has increased by 25 times the land output that has grown from a seeding efficiency of 1:2 in primitive agriculture to 1:50 but the use of the machine was boosted 100 times the

productivity of human labor by reducing the manpower needs from 1000 to 10 man-hours/ ha.The 2014 Combine Harvesting World Record of an average

throughput of 99.7 t/h over an eight hours period with a fuel consumption of 1.12 liters per ton and an average yield of 9.95 t/ha give full evidence of both the extremely high agricultural product ion values and the tremendous level of efficiency a c h i e v e d b y t h e m o d e r n mechanization.

A g r i c u l t u r a l m a c h i n e r y production is today a very efficient system in which both an intense and highly qualified research activity and a large and dynamic industrial sector in all the industr ial ized count ies contribute with synergic effects.In recent decades a crucial contribution to the exponential growth of the disciplines related to agricultural engineering comes from a broad internat ional network of scientific societies and academies that have actively coordinated and promoted research activity in the field d r i v i n g i t t o w a r d s h i g h l y innovative issues.The International Commission of

Until the end of 19th century agriculture was labour-

intensive, and it took place on a large number of small

farms occupying more than half the population and a huge number of working

animals.

mechanization of the nextChallenges for the

millennium

ARTICLE

AGRITECHNICA10-14 Nov 2015Hannover,Germany

KRISHI26-30 Nov 2015Nashik,India

CHINA AGRICULTURAL TRADE FAIR07-11 Nov 2015Fuzhou, China

KRUSHIK6-8 Nov 2015Pune,India

AGRO PROTECH19-21 Nov 2015Kolkata,India

KISAN16-20 DecPune,India

EIMA AGRIMACH INDIA3-5 DecNew Delhi,India

AGRI ASIA3-5 Mar-2016Mumbai, India

AGRITEK ASTANA09 - 11 March 2016Astana, Kazakhstan

AGRITEX11-13 AprHyderabad,India

ARTICLE

UPCOMING EVENTS



Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR) worldwide, t h e E u r o p e a n S o c i e t y o f Agr icu l tu ra l Eng ineers (EurAgEng) in Europe, and the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) in the United States are very active i n s t i m u l a t i n g t h e development of science and technology in the field of Agricultural Engineering t h r o u g h C o n f e r e n c e s , Publications, Networking and International lobbying.In Italy, the “Accademia dei Georgofili” after 261 years still plays with unchanged prestige and au tho r i t a t i veness an important role of guidance of development strategies for the agriculture with great attention to mechanization.The Club of Bologna, founded in 1989 by FederUnacoma as a free a s s o c i a t i o n o f l e a d i n g personalities on mechanization from research, manufacturers, and international Organizations, meets once a year in order to discuss the development of the agr icul tural mechanizat ion worldwide. During the meetings t he emerg ing i s sues and d e v e l o p m e n t n e e d s f o r mechanization are discussed in o r d e r t o p r e p a r e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s t o b e submitted to the policy makers for future actions.Following this uninterrupted p r o c e s s o f g r o w t h a n d modernization, mechanization h a s r e a c h e d t h e g o a l o f maximizing productivity and it is now preparing to face the

challenge of the third millennium: sustainability.The tremendous development of

In format ion Technology is gradually turning machine from tools for increasing the “power” of human action to "smart" devices more and more autonomous and able to fit automatically local conditions.Three are the mainstays of new smart mechanization:

Global Positioning System ( G P S ) , a s a t e l l i t e constellation system able to provide positioning data on the field with accuracy from 20 to 2 centimeter.

Electronic sensors and a u t o m a t i o n a l l o w i n g automatic control systems for operating machinery and implements.

C o m p u t e r s c i e n c e f o r information processing.

Those all together have led to the deve lopment o f so ca l led Precision Agriculture (PA).Precision Agriculture is a farming management concept based on o p t i m i z a t i o n o f m a c h i n e

operations according to the local needs and the characteristics of the crops The capacity to locate

the precise position in a field allows the creation of maps of the spatial variability of c r o p s s o t h a t f u r t h e r operation can be locally optimized.Crop yield monitors and different type of vehicle mountable sensors can provide precise information o n t h e c r o p s s t a t u s (ch lorophy l l , mois ture , diseases, weeds etc.) in order to optimize distribution

of inputs.The possibility to tailor chemical and fertilizer application using prescription maps together with advanced systems of automatic machine guidance and operative control is a major step towards sustainability of agricultural production in industrialized c o u n t r i e s . C o m p u t e r i z e d management systems allow operations and inputs in order to achieve the traceabi l i ty of production at the farm gate.In parallel in less industrialized countries the paradigm of feeding the world should be declined promoting the development of a p p r o p r i a t e f o r m s o f mechanization, thus enabling those countries to advance towards food self-sufficiency and economic growth.Therefore, the aim of meeting the growing food needs of the future years may be prosecuted only if t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e necessary technical means will be considered a strategic priority issue.

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The content of this catalogue is only giving information to the end user without engagement from our side.

The Company can modify the specifications of the total machine & its components without notice.

Tractor Power

Overall Width

Tillage Width

Gear Box Speed

Side Transmission

P.T.O. Speed (RPM)

Rotor Speed (RPM)

No. of Blades

Gear Box

Overload Protection

30 to 35 H.P.

150 cm

120 cm

Single/Multi

Gear

540/1000

220

36

Shear Bolt

35 to 45 H.P.

180 cm

150 cm

Single/Multi

Gear

540/1000

220

42

Shear Bolt

45 to 55 H.P.

205 cm

175 cm

Single/Multi

Gear

540/1000

220

48

Shear Bolt

55 to 70 H.P.

230 cm

200 cm

Single/Multi

Gear

540/1000

220

54

Shear Bolt

70 to 75 H.P.

255 cm

225 cm

Multi

Gear

540/1000

220

60

Shear Bolt

GI - 120 GI - 150 GI - 175 GI - 200 GI - 225

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Rotor Speed (RPM) for Multi Speed Gearbox

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( A Unit of Gobind Alloys Limited ) An ISO 9001:2008 Company

[email protected]

+91-7705900901, 903, 904, 906, 923

9415049542, 941504862, 9415049543

Gobind�Industries( A Unit of Gobind Alloys Limited )

An ISO 9001 : 2008 CompanyDasharabagh, Haidergarh Road, Barabanki (U.P.)

Sugarcane Cotton Banana Corn Stalks Wet & Dry Field

ADVANTAGE: Gobind Rotavator is better than other agricultural equipments to prepare the soil in just one or two

times of cultivation, and also it save the 40% diesel and 60% time.

Traditional method takes minimum 10-15 days to prepare seed bed where as by Gobind Rotavator soil is immediately available for sowing.

Gobind Rotavator can immediately prepare the soil moisture of previous crop does not go waste, thus helps water management.

Cultivation of soil can be done immediately after the rain because it is the ideal use for Rotavator, it also push the tractor forward in soil.

Gobind Rotavator is beneficial for the land of reaped sugarcane, bananas, jute, dried grass and other corps.

SALIENT�FEATURES: Gear Box: Heavy duty export quality gear box, and it have longer service life.

Box Frame: It have heavy duty square pipe and made up from heavy plates.

Trailing Board: It have automatic spring which helps in to have a quality cultivation of soil, and its pressure balance the wet soil .

P.T.O. Shaft:- Water proof cross with protection guard.

It have double spring multi lip oil seal.

Tiller Blades : Blades made up from advanced imported parts which easily cultivate the soil without heavy load and also helps in smooth running.

Side Transmission: Side gears made out of best quality steel & properly heat treated technology which gives the regular functioning with longer life.

[email protected]

For Dealership and Distributorship Enquiry :

Lalit Sachedva

+91 9643040547

[email protected]

The content of this catalogue is only giving information to the end user without engagement from our side.

The Company can modify the specifications of the total machine & its components without notice.

Tractor Power

Overall Width

Tillage Width

Gear Box Speed

Side Transmission

P.T.O. Speed (RPM)

Rotor Speed (RPM)

No. of Blades

Gear Box

Overload Protection

30 to 35 H.P.

150 cm

120 cm

Single/Multi

Gear

540/1000

220

36

Shear Bolt

35 to 45 H.P.

180 cm

150 cm

Single/Multi

Gear

540/1000

220

42

Shear Bolt

45 to 55 H.P.

205 cm

175 cm

Single/Multi

Gear

540/1000

220

48

Shear Bolt

55 to 70 H.P.

230 cm

200 cm

Single/Multi

Gear

540/1000

220

54

Shear Bolt

70 to 75 H.P.

255 cm

225 cm

Multi

Gear

540/1000

220

60

Shear Bolt

GI - 120 GI - 150 GI - 175 GI - 200 GI - 225

TECHNICAL�SPECIFICATION

Rotor Speed (RPM) for Multi Speed Gearbox

160

16 17 18 19 2015 20 19 18 17 16 15 13 22

180 200 225 252 282 232

Tractor PTO 540 (RPM) 1000 (RPM)

GOBIND

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WARNING

Check oil level before

using machine tighten

all bolts everyday


In a recent speech to the graduating students of Indian I n s t i t u t e o f S c i e n c e , N R Narayana Murthy, founder of Infosys - the poster child of India's Information Technology (IT) sector – pointed out that in the last 60 years, there is no ground-break ing sc ient i f ic invention that can change the world has come from India. Perhaps, h is s tatement is debatable in the context of India's recen t ach ievemen ts and impeccable growth in few areas s u c h a s a s t r o p h y s i c s , telecommunications and IT. But his analysis is absolutely true, unfortunately, for the country's biggest and oldest sector - agriculture. The country seems to continue to bask in the glory of 'Green Revolution' being oblivious of the imminent need to make progress as succinctly narrated in the column in The Economist titled

“Farming in India: In a time warp”. One of the main reasons for such lackluster attitude could possibly be entrenched “politicization” of policies and the firm grip of the Government that primarily limit the ability and prospects of involvement of the private sector. However, relentless optimism among its growing class of p a s s i o n a t e a n d y o u n g entrepreneurs holds promise for a better future.Technological interventions in agriculture globally have become one of the hottest and most debated topics recently. The sector, particularly in the West is witnessing a huge influx of new e n t r a n t s a n d i n n o v a t i v e technologies attempting to take agribusiness to the next level in l e v e r a g i n g b i g d a t a . Understandably, much of the buzz is occurring in developed Western countries, which have industrial-scale agribusiness with

l a r g e r average land-holding than t h e i r A s i a n counterparts.In this context, this column is an attempt to l ook a t the scenarios – currently and i n f u t u r e - whether India is ready for an “ A g T e c h ”

revolution , h o w c a n technolog y improve the ailing s e c t o r , s o m e examples o f

technological interventions, opportunities and roadblocks for the techpreneurs, critical factors for success, macroeconomic trends and key industry drivers, and also importantly policy imp l i ca t ions fo r nu r tu r ing innovations. Though this is primarily related to India, the implications and conclusions may well be applied to many

Originally published in AgfunderNews www.agfundernews.com

Technological interventions in agriculture globally have become one of the hottest and most debated topics

recently. The sector, particularly in the West is

witnessing a huge influx of new entrants and

innovative technologies attempting to take

agribusiness to the next level in leveraging big data.

Is Indian agriculture ready

for “Gadgetization” ? (Part-01 of 02)


demographic profile in the region.

India's agri-food sector :A brief overviewAgriculture still supports nearly two-thirds of the population d i r e c t l y o r i n d i r e c t l y b u t contributes just a little over a sixth of the nation's GDP. Its share is expected to go down as the country develops further. Barring few spurts in growth due to some

targeted interventions in the last 63 years since its independence, the sector still has not arrived where it needs to. Average yields for most of the key crops like rice are at least half of the global average, food losses, mainly pre-harvest, still amount to as high as 4 0 % i n s o m e c r o p s l i k e vegetables, more than half of its c u l t i v a b l e a r e a r e m a i n s uni r r igated wi th growth in c o v e r a g e l a g g i n g b a d l y, competition from non-agricultural uses i s exace rba t i ng t he shrinkage of cultivable area.Smaller and fragmented land h o l d i n g s a n d p r i m i t i v e agricultural techniques are still prevalent. The sector is still labor-intensive in most parts of the country with islands of success in farm mechanization. Low levels of literacy and lack of access to

c r i t i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n and knowledge a r e q u i t e common. I n t e r n e t penetration is limited in rural areas although mobiles have b e c o m e a l m o s t u b i q u i t o u s . The industry is still struggling to achieve financial inclusiveness particularly for the resource-poor farmers; Policy & regulatory environment is rather skewed in favor of few “votebank” crops and is mostly archaic and outdated. Involvement of private players in the food chain is limited to certain activities such as trading since the sector is highly politically-sensitive and hence always kept under the t ight grip of the G o v e r n m e n t s . L a c k o f differences in adopting policies by the individual States; lack of a c o n d u c i v e e c o - s y s te m to p r o m o t e a n d n u r t u r e entrepreneurship; a deeply entrenched and cumbersome bureaucracy and red-tapism and the l ist of problems grows lengthy.I n c o n t r a s t , f r o m a macroeconomist's perspective, the country is going to be the most populous one with more than 1.3 billion people by the turn of the next decade and will probably be the youngest with a median age of less than 30 years. It's a lucrative market for anything and everything. More than two-thirds of the country's population is going to be living in urban areas with their food consumption habits converging and matching with that of their counterparts from the developed world. Not to forget the rise in per capita average income from the current USD 1,274, this has grown at an enviable rate of 10.4% since

2007. The trend is likely to continue as the country is set to become the t h i r d l a rges t economy that will have nearly tripled from its current value of US$2.3 trillion. T h e i m p l i c a t i o n s o f t h i s enormous demographic and socio-economic transformation are absolutely mind-blowing. Particularly, for the food industry, it is going to be very interesting yet challenging to cater to the diverse and complex needs of the new generation. These are the people who are ruthlessly

demanding more and better in everything they consume and importantly faster as they would be the most time-starved.

The Agtech scene:World vs IndiaEven before discussing about application of technologies in f a rm ing , we mus t rem ind ourselves that in the West,


This has grown at an enviable rate of 10.4% since 2007. The trend is likely to continue as the country is set to

become the third largest economy that will have nearly tripled

from its current value of US$2.3 trillion.

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agriculture sector has undergone progressive growth including over many decades of reforms, land consolidation, achieving economies of scale, adoption of hybrids with specific designer t r a i t s , e n h a n c e d m a r k e t orientation, efficient supply chains, conducive policies to enable creation of demand and open up market opportunities, investments in infrastructure and social or income security for the fa rmers , be t te r insurance coverage and business-like treatment by the Governments. All these eventually led to a

farmer being in control of his productivity and profitability and be able to plough back a portion of the profit to invest to improve his business.

In contrast, the current situation in India needs to be improved quite significantly where farmers face all possible risks from production, availability of water, quality inputs and technologies to finally marketing their produce since the primary production sector sti l l remains largely disconnected from the markets. Price signals usually do not reach the growers in time to respond appropriately. Ironically, they are claimed to be “risk-averse” and unwilling to invest in technologies or machines to improve efficiency of their farming operations. T o p u t s i m p l y , f r o m a techpreneur's point of view, Indian agriculture is still probably

in the “Paleolithic period”, falling way behind its Western counterparts in terms of achieving efficiency through use of technological interventions. However, each of the above issues that currently affect agriculture in India are providing opportunities for the passionate and skilled entrepreneurs to innovate and create solutions. These can be as simple as mobile-based social networking platforms that can open up direct marketing options for the farmers to highly tech-driven precision agriculture.

India' agriculture has just woken up to the idea of leveraging technological interventions to maximize efficiency and the following broad categories emerge from a stock take of the existing interventions.

These are some of the examples and there are many more at different stages such as concept development, piloting, field testing and commercialization. Many of these initiatives are supported by several venture capital firms, technology and business incubators and accelerators such as Omnivore Partners, ABI-ICRISAT, CIIE at IIM Ahmedabad, Infuse Ventures, Aspada Ventures and Rural Agri Ventures; companies such as VodaFone; financial institutions such as World Bank and industry associations like GSMA (mAgri initiative).

The second and concluding part will feature various challenges for making Indian agriculture a truly tech-driven and highly-efficient sector along with some insights on what would make an innovation successful given the enormous diversity in farming in India.

Part 2 of 2 to be continued….


Examples of technologicalinnovations in Indian agriculture

To put simply, from a techpreneur's point of

view, Indian agriculture is still probably in the “Paleolithic period”,

falling way behind its Western counterparts in

terms of achieving efficiency through use of

technological interventions.

ĞŎŃÞŒ Technology Examples Comments / Source

Sourcing / Supply

Chain

Internet kiosk at

villagesITC e-choupal

One of the earliest

technology interventions

eFarmdirect

allfresh

Progressive Farmers

Gujarat group

Young Innovative Farmers

myRML

mKisan

EM3AgriServices

myRML

Mandi Prices

Digital Mandi India

myRML

mKisan

mExtension

Crop insurance Mobile app CCE by World BankCrop Cutting Experiment

supported by World Bank

Financial services Mobile payment M-Pesa

Supported by VodaFone

Foundation under its

Connected Farming

Weather advisory/

InsuranceGPS Skymet

Supported by Omnivore

Partners

Eruvaka Technologies for

aquaculture

Stellapps for Dairy farms

Retail Predictive Analysis Retigence

Extension /

Knowledge TransferMobile app

A detailed report on

mobile applications in

India by Saravanan Raj

Integrated Farm

Management

Mobile and cloud

based decision

support

Supported by Omnivore

Partners

Agronomy /

CultivationMobile app

Commodity Price

alertsMobile app

Marketing Online platform

Trading platformMobile based

(Whatsapp)

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2420 & 2422, DLF city, DLF Phase-IV,Gurgaon - 122002, Haryana (India)Ph: +91 124 2385916, +91 124 6526130E-mail: [email protected]

AN ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED CO.


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Look under the bonnet of a Kubota and you will find something very special.Three words that convey trust, quality and engineering excellence, Mode in

Don’t compromise. For your own peace of mind, insist on 100% Kubota.

Contact your local Kubota dealership or contact on +91 9940337618 | Email: [email protected]

For Earth, For Lifewww.kubota.com

Farm Machinery: Helping Farmers Feed the World


Dawn DrakeExecutive Director Alt Del SystemsUniversity of Wisconsin-PlattevillePlatteville, WI

Early 1870's: One acre per daywith a one horse walking plow

Late 1870's: Five to sevenacres per day with two-bottomsulky or riding plow withfour-five horses.

Late 1930's: One acre in30 minutes using a tractor.

Farm Machinery to Feed the World

orld leaders need to help farmers worldwide gain higher yields using fixed land and water

resources. The solution? Mechanization paired w i t h b i o l o g i c a l i n n o v a t i o n . H i s t o r y demonstrates the huge leaps in productivity attributed to the introduction of tractors, mechanized planters and harvesters. On another level, precision planting combined with variable rate application and irrigation increases yields exponentially while saving on chemical and water inputs. Biological advancements have also greatly increased yields. In order to realize that full potential, mechanization must manage those increased yields and do so within a shorter window of time.At the beginning of the 20th century, one farmer fed 2.5 people. In 1960, one farmer in

mechanized countries fed 25 people. Today, one farmer in mechanized countries can feed 145 people.Farm machinery is part of the mature manufacturing economy of many developed nations around the world and is an increasing part of the manufacturing economy of developing nations as well. It is an industry that today experiences few major technological shifts.Patents are more likely to be filed for minor adjustments to existing designs than for rad-ical new designs.In many cases, product differentiation between brands is minimal and companies compete with one another based on measures like efficiency and customer service.

CORN HARVESTING:

1890 – 05 bushels ofcorn an hour by hand

1922 – 25 bushels ofcorn an hour withone-row drawn picker

1949 — 200 bushels ofcorn an hour by combine

2012 — 2500 bushels ofcorn an hour by combine

W

efore mechanization, it took 300 hours to harvest 100 bushels

of wheat. After reapers, threshers, and binders, it took 50 hours to

harvest 100 bushels of wheat. After combine harvesters, it takes

less than 3 minutes to harvest 100 bushels of wheat.

B


2 011 :

2 023 :

2 023 :

2 000 - 2050:

868 million food insecurepeople in low / middleincome countries alone

1.8 billion people inregions with total waterscarcity

More total food must beproduced than in the past 10,000 years combined

0.5 acres arable landper person in the worldcs. 1.0 in 1961

–

9 billion people inhabit earth

–

100% increased

food demand

–

70% urban

population comparedto 50% today

How will world leaders meet escalating food demandswith static or dwindling resources?

100% More Food Production Needed by 2050


xperts agree that surging populations combined with increased wealth will double world food demands by the year 2050. Nearly all of the population explosion will occur in developing countries, most of which are currently unable to meet their food demands. Some of those same countries are experiencing huge growth in their middle classes, resulting in more people demanding higher value foods including proteins. This multiplies the amount of grain required to meet demands. At the same time, limited additional arable land and intensifed water scarcity are impeding increased food production.

E

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Source: Ligon and Sadoulet 2007.

Expenditure gains induced by 1% GDP growth, %

Expenditure deciles

AgricultureNonagriculture

8

6

4

2

0

–2

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Lowest Highest

Agriculture and development: Impact on Poverty

Developing the agricultural sector

benefits the poorest more than any

other sector of society.

Cross country analysis:Growth originating in agriculture

is 2-3 times more effective for the

poor than growth originating in non-

agriculture.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Million people

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Billion USD

Agricultural Working Population

Nominal GDP

Economic Gains

Farm Machinery: Fueling Economies

• Mechanization created

surplus labor force

• Surplus labor applied to

manufacturing, etc.

• Progressive technological

developments achieved

• Resulting economic growth

expanded spending market

• Expanded spending market

developed economy further

Agriculture Mechanization facilitates Japan’s Economic Growth

Source: UNIDO

Investments

in human and physical

capital in rural economy

Agricultural productivity gains

Higher rural incomes and reductions in rural poverty

Enabling sustainable

production system

ncreasing productivity for food production has been fundamental to the remarkable development of the economies of North America, Europe, and Japan over the last

century. Few economies have developed successfully without rapid and sustained agricultural productivity powerin overall growth. Agricultural productivity growth is key to overall economic growth, because it releases labor and land resources to support growth in other sectors such as manufacturing, transportation, and housing.

ISeventy percent of the

world’s hungry live in

rural areas, where

agriculture and related

activities such as

transport or food

processing are how

people make a living. The

experience of countries

that have succeeded in

reducing hunger and

malnutrition shows that

economic growth

originating in agriculture,

in particular among small

farmers, is at least twice

as effective in bene?ting

the poorest as growth

from non-agriculture

sectors.- United Nations

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Why Does the Farm Machinery Industry Matter

The simple answer to why the farm machinery industry matters is that most humans like to eat. As the world population continues to grow and the proportion of the workforce engaged in agriculture continues to decline, there is going to be an increasing need to use mechanized agricultural practices, specifically using the equipment built by the firms in this sector, to produce and manage higher yields on the same, or even less, farmland. Not only is the population increasing, but so is the demand for crops. Changes in income levels in parts of the world, such as China and India, led to more demand for agricultural commodities to feed both people and livestock. As the worldwide demand for animal protein increases, so does the need to grow crops used as feedstock. Currently the world agricultural community is able to meet that demand, but the demand is still growing. Te 2012 Global Agricultural Productivity Report, pub-lished by the Global Harvest Initiative, clearly states that in order to meet the food demand of Earth in the near future, all regions must increase agricultural productivity through science- and information-based tech-nologies.

Te use of these new technologies will have impacts on the farm machinery industry. In fact, many new technologies cannot be implemented without the use of mechanized agriculture.

Among science-based technologies are new hybrid seeds that generate thicker stalks and stems. This increased biomass has to be cut and plowed under, which requires more engine torque and horsepower

from harvesting and tillage equipment. Increases in vertical tillage of tough crop residues demands tractors that can maintain high speeds even under heavy loads. Te trend for farms in the developed world to increase in acreage, but decrease in labor inputs means that farmers must streamline field preparations pulling multiple implements in tandem across the field in order to limit individual trips.

Pulling more and larger implements demands high-horsepower farm machinery. New information based technologies in the form of computers and global positioning systems (GPS) installed on mechanized farm machinery, help farmers better apply inputs to reduce wastes and increase yields. Additionally, specialized tools built by the farm machinery industry help farmers around the world manage crops such as grapes, groundnuts, and fruits and vegetables more quickly and efficiently. All of these technological advances allow fewer farmers to manage more acres and feed a growing world population.Te trend to increase productivity in agriculture through the use of new farm machinery is apparent to the industry. Farm machinery manufacturers, such as Case New Holland, have made it a key part of their marketing strategies with slogans like, “Be Ready.” In their advertising, companies tar-get farmers facing workforce shortages, desiring to carve out a larger place in the global economy through commodity sales, or both.

Without new technology and products, produced by the farm machinery industry, used in combination with new strains of hybrid seeds, a variety of synthetic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides, and the most up-to-date information technology, Earth would be at serious risk of not being able to feed itself given the current land area and climate restrictions.

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g r i cu l t u ra l manu fac tu re r s throughout the world face the challenges of managing costs w i t h o u t c o m p r o m i s i n g t h e i r products' quality and safety in order to remain competitive in a global market. In addition, across the wor ld , s t r ingen t food sa fe ty measures are being put in place to uphold the quality and integrity of the food we consume, placing an added b u r d e n o n a g r i c u l t u r a l manufacturers to comply in order to export in new markets. It is therefore i m p e r a t i v e f o r a g r i c u l t u r a l manufacturers to optimise their resources to adapt to the ever changing market requirements and get a much clearer understanding of where to make improvements to their operation.

How can checkweighers help?

Checkweighers can help agricultural manufacturers opt imise thei r production processes to meet these many demands. Highly versatile, multi-functional available in different

sizes and configurations, they can be easily integrated on production lines, even in high-speed layouts, to inspect packaged products to determine if they are the correct weight, minimising the risk of under- or overweight packs.

Checkweighers with a connectivity software function can allow for automatic communication with other product inspection machines on the line, providing a more accurate and extensive holistic view of the manufacturing process. They are also able to incorporate additional devices to enable multiple forms of product inspection to be carried out at the same time.

F o r e x a m p l e , c o m b i n a t i o n checkweighing and x-ray systems

can enable manufacturers to detect missing items. Checkweighers incorporating barcode scanners and vision inspection equipment can c h e c k l a b e l l i n g t o p r o t e c t manufacturers against costly rework or even call-backs by ensuring


compliance with the European U n i o n ( E U ) R e g u l a t i o n N o 1169/2011 on Food Labelling.

Checkweighers can go a long way in maximising line efficiency and reducing manufacturing costs. However, they can be even more effective at this role if used in con junc t ion w i th an Overa l l Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) programme.

What is OEE?

Developed by inventor Seiichi Nakajima, as a central component of his Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) methodology to boost manufacturing efficiency, OEE is a measure to track and assess product ion performance. The c o n c e p t h a s g a i n e d w i d e acceptance across a number of sectors as a quantitative tool to measure equipment performance to help manufacturers bring a product to market at minimum cost and to provide greater vis ibi l i ty into operations.

To determine OEE, an OEE metric is obtained by calculating the number of products produced compared to the allocated production quantity, based on the scheduled time and specific time rate. The performance of the manufacturing unit is then broken into three separate but m e a s u r a b l e c o m p o n e n t s : availability, performance efficiency

Checkweighers: The Key to Optimized OEECheckweighers: The Key to Optimized OEECheckweighers: The Key to Optimized OEE

Jana Meier

Marketing Team Leader Product Inspection &

Head of Marketing

Checkweighing,

Mettler-Toledo

A

ARTICLE

and quality. By way of improving those three metr ics, O E E is enhanced.

OEE measuring tools document reasons fo r down t ime , bo th schedu led ma in tenance and unscheduled repairs, as well as product changeovers. In addition to losses attributed to downtime, monitoring OEE will identify other areas such as reduced line speeds and minor s toppages due to equipment sensitivities.

Why is OEE important?

The main benefit of implementing an OEE protocol on the production line is that it gives valuable insight into the extent that resources are not

used to their capacity, and can help eliminate fault sources accurately w i t hou t i n t e r f e r i ng w i t h t he production cycle. However, OEE is just a measurement method that indicates where faults occur, what potential reasons for these faults might be and what action needs to be taken to improve the OEE. It is not a solution in itself but an important tool which manufacturing industries can utilise to drive efficiency, achieve higher quality and reduce costs.

What areas of the production can benefit from OEE?

There are four aspects of the production line that can directly b e n e f i t f r o m u t i l i s i n g O E E : equipment, personnel, process, and quality.

Reducing equipment downtime is crucial particularly because even the shortest per iod of machinery inactivity can bring downstream operations to a standstill. This in turn, can impact on del ivery

commitments, directly affecting cash f l o w a n d p o t e n t i a l l y l o s i n g manufacturers' valuable customers. R e g u l a r m o n i t o r i n g a n d documenting of line stoppages and equipment performance, as part of an OEE programme, can also help reduce maintenance costs and provide valuable insight into why stoppages occur, plus how they can be avoided in the future.

Managers and other key personnel can benefit from an OEE system through the use of software tools that capture manufacturing performance data and display performance results in real time. This can give companies improved visibility into operat ions, enabl ing them to

optimise the productivity of their workforce. As such, less time is spent documenting and reporting as this is done automatically, leaving more t ime to focus on other responsibilities.

Process efficiency can be seriously impacted through the instance of bott lenecks i .e. areas on the production l ine where f low is restricted, slowing down operations. A n O E E s y s t e m c a n h e l p manufacturers identify the reasons behind the occurrence of any bottlenecks, such as equipment capacity limitations or changeovers, so that they can be removed and corrected to boost productivity.

OEE can also have a tangible, positive impact on production quality, due to the information it records into the likely causes of product rejects, particularly if a pattern emerges. Corrective action can then be taken to reduce the losses and defects by better

planning optimisation of equipment through servicing, for example.

What role do checkweighers play in boosting OEE?

Because checkweighers are usually placed at the end of a production line, they are ideal for collecting valuable data for the calculation of OEE. The statistical information provided by this technology can be used to optimise OEE to provide greater efficiency, particularly in the quality control process.

Checkweighing technology not only provides valuable support in accurately measuring each of the OEE components, it also helps manufacturers achieve regulatory compliance, particularly in the agr icu l tura l industr ies where minimum weight requirements are c r i t i c a l i n m a n y p r o d u c t i o n operations. By optimising filling quantities and minimising overfill, it increases general efficiency.

In addition, checkweighers calculate and display statistical information about production processes and highlight variations which could lead to unexpected downtime and reduced line capacity. Advanced systems with more user-friendly interfaces make product setup and changeovers much quicker, thereby increasing the OEE availability score and maximising uptime. There are even Preventative Maintenance Programme service contracts

available, designed to maintain the checkweigher's ability to run at the designed l ine rate to uphold optimum performance.

Furthermore, the technology and accuracy as well as software options such as feedback to filler control, keep tolerances within specification over longer periods of time to reduce the number of rejects, and enhance

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the quali ty of products being produced. This is particularly useful in the pharmaceutical industry where automated f i l l - cont ro l combined with product monitoring f e e d b a c k a n d a d j u s t m e n t technology guarantees product consistency, ensuring compliance w i t h i n d u s t r y r e g u l a t o r y requirements and legislation.

Is OEE an absolute measure?

While OEE, through the use of a d v a n c e d c h e c k w e i g h i n g technology, can encompass the machinery, the production lines or even the ent i re plant, g iv ing manufacturers greater insight into operational performance, it is not an absolute measure, and is best used to identify areas for improvement. It quantifies the performance of the equipment relative to its designed capacity for the periods during which it is scheduled to run, but cannot take into account frequent changeovers caused by high-value products, limited edition runs, or product diversity to meet customer demand, or the fact that the cost of running a facility at certain times might vary.

So using OEE as a standalone m e t r i c t o c o m p a r e p l a n t performance within an enterprise can give misleading results if the various business environments are not taken into consideration. As an example, the OEE rating of a manufacturing facility, which only produces one type of product aimed at a single market, may be higher than the ra t ing of another b u s i n e s s t h a t produces a variety of products for an entire region, and as a result may have more downtime d u e t o n u m e r o u s changeovers . T h i s d o e s n o t necessarily mean that the latter is the weaker performer.

While problem areas identified by OEE may require large financial investments to correct, others may only involve minimal adjustments. Availability, efficiency and quality of operations can add up to significant improvements and ultimately bring f i n a n c i a l b e n e f i t s t o t h e manufacturing process.

An integral part of quality control

Checkweighers not only play a key role in the quality control process, but they can also help boost OEE by i nc reas ing the e f f i c i ency o f manufac tur ing processes by ensuring consistency in the delivery of product quality, and boost the bottom line through the reduction of waste. In addition, they can help manufacturers compete in the global economy by staying compliant with local and international safety regulations.

Sidebar for optional inclusion:

How to calculate OEE

Availability % x Performance % x Quality = OEE

Uptime / scheduled time Units produced / (Design Rate x uptime) (Units produced - defective units) / (Units produced)

A v a i l a b i l i t y r e p r e s e n t s t h e percentage of time the equipment is available to produce an item/unit. This highlights the amount of unscheduled downtime which, for example, could be the result of equipment failure, or changeover t ime which occurs when the product ion l ine needs to be converted to adapt to another type of product.

T o illustrate the above, here is an example of how the calculation is

made. A mach ine, capable of producing

1,200 units per hour, is m o n i t o r e d . W i t h a

h y p o t h e t i c a l s c h e d u l e d production time of 15 hours per

day divided into two shifts of 7.5 hours respectively,

the machine is capable of producing 18,000 units. If the machine

w a s t o r e c o r d a downtime of 2 hours during

a 15 hours shift, the OEE calculation for Availability would be as follows:

o Scheduled time: 15hrs

o Downtime: 2 hrs

o Available time (Uptime): 15hrs- 2hrs= 13hrs

o OEE %: Uptime/scheduled time: 13hrs/15hrs = 87%

Performance represents the actual rate of production as a percentage of the design rate. It shows to which extent resources are wasted due to the capacity of a machine/plant being under-exploited. Examples of an under-exploited machine include minor stops during the production process, delayed set-up after downtime, machine wear or a misfeed.

In the above example, the number of items produced in the available time is 18,000. The OEE calculation for Performance would be:

o Uptime (available time): 13hrs

o Total number of units produced: 14,000

o Design rate (the number of units the equipment is designed to produce per hour): 1,200

o O E E%: Uni ts produced/ (Design ra te x upt ime) = 14,000/(1,200x13) = 89%

Quality represents the percentage of units which is goods shippable. It determines how many units do not meet the required quality standard and are rejected, or require rework.

In the above example, out of the 14,000 units produced, only 12,500 met the required quality standard. The OEE calculation for Quality would be:

o Total units produced: 14,000

o Defective units: 1,500 total shippable units: 12,500

o OEE%: Units produced - d e f e c t i v e u n i t s / ( U n i t s p r o d u c e d ) = 1 4 , 0 0 0 -1,500=12,500 (89%)

o The OEE percentage of quality for this particular machine would be 89%.

The overall OEE percentage calculation would be as follows:

Availability 87% x Performance 89% x Quality 89% = Overall

percentage 69%

It is widely considered that an 85% OEE score will be quoted as excellent. However, to achieve a meaningful OEE goal the three components need to be assessed s e p a r a t e l y. T h e a v a i l a b i l i t y component in particular is highly dependent on maintenance regimes and changeover frequencies, and on the type of product/unit being

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Internat ional tractor m a n u f a c t u r e r s a r e seeing an increase in sales, which is being r e p l i c a t e d l o c a l l y i n Queensland as a result of a prosperous year for the dairy industry. If you are looking to buy a tractor in Queensland then they are various things you need to consider before you begin the process. If you own a property with substantial land you will need a tractor to keep the land in order.

What do you need the tractor for?

First ask for what you need a tractor, this will determine whether it is a worthy investment and what type of tractor you need. Tractors can range from small 16-horsepower machines that are supposed to cover gardens to up to 500-horsepower giants in the case of significant commercial operations. If your property is relatively small, you aren’t going to want something high powered or large.

What type of features and extras do you want?

Tractors aren’t like cars in the sense that the year, luxuries and model are less significant. The p r e d o m i n a n t f a c t o r s y o u consider when buying a tractor are related to t h e j o b y o u

have to do, so draw up a plan of exactly what you intend to do with the tractor and use this in the decision making process. There are also dozens of features and extras to consider when making the purchase; power steering, loaders, dual rear wheels and wide fronts ends can all come into consideration.

Do you want to buy a new or used tractor?

The majority of companies that manufacture the tractors are located off shore in countries such as India or South Korea. Used tractor sales puts money back into the local economy and specifically the farming industry.

Will you fix and maintain the tractor yourself?

If you decide to buy a used tractor you may also save time a money by paying a mechanic to inspect it either before purchase or prior you beginning work. Thing such

as the tire wear a n d t r e a d

d e p t h , abnormal transmission sounds and any oil

l e a k s s h o

uld all be considered.

Ultimately buying a tractor in Queensland is a good investment and with a little thought you can get something that lasts a long time. Make sure you’re clear on what you will use the tractor for, understand that a used tractor can be a good investment and don’t hesitate to get a mechanics opinion.


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An Introductory Guide to Buying

A Tractor

arm planting machinery is very important in the agricultural industry in Roma Queensland. It has allowed farmers to save hundreds of hours and lots of money on manpower alone. Where once people had to plow a crop field by hand or with a hoe, they can now use advanced machinery that allows the work to get done faster.

Agricultural equipment has become essential in helping farmers meet the demands of their clients, such as major supermarkets. The machinery itself allows farmers to plant a larger crop field to increase product and also to perform the necessary maintenance to ensure the harvest remains in good condition.

Vast planting machinery such as tractors, cultivators and harvesters are a life saver for farmers. Tractors are useful to carry huge bulks of supplies like bags of seeds, soil, and even other farming equipment. Depending on the type of tractor, they can even be used to perform other functions as well.

Take the cultivator for example. This tractor has huge metal teeth that claw and stir the ground, pulverizing any contaminants like rocks, hard roots, or even trash that might be in the way. A tractor can also be modified to equip a broadcast seeder. True to its name it sprinkles seeds throughout a cultivated area. For heavier types of

planting such as planting c a r r o t s , p o t a t o e s ,

tomatoes and other veggies, a tractor

can have a seed drill installed.

What the s e e d

d r i l l

will do is make a hole on the soil, inject the plant or grain’s seed and then cover it up. Other than manning the tractor, it makes the concept of using a human to farm obsolete.

Then comes the time of the harvest, which is just as much fun in a farm as planting. To begin the harvesting

process a harvester is used to extract the plant for later processing. In most cases, the harvester will act as a cutting tool in order to remove crop that is ready for extraction.

Before the harvesting begins, farmers have to make sure that their crops are healthy. This means checking for any kind of insects that tend to eat away at the roots, the branches, leaves or even the crop itself, which could

leave things like corn looking like a piece of wood after termites have gotten to it. Pests, be it insect or animal like a gopher which could attack from underneath.

Ensuring that crops remain relatively pest free is easy. There is equipment designed to do this called a sprayer. It can be mounted on a truck and is a low pressure sprayer. You can also include a high pressure sprayer to cover a larger field, especially in areas where there are trees involved. The sprayer releases pesticides throughout the crop field. This means you might not be able to call the things you harvest organic but at least they’ll be safe from insects and other annoying pests.

Farm planting equipment isn’t limited to tractors that plow or seed the ground. Irrigation systems are also part of farming equipment and it is essential to ensuring that your crops get the right amount of water to grow.

In combination with all of these types of farming machinery, farmers can ensure that their Roma Queensland acres continue to thrive and remain productive for years to come.

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gets mounted on a tractor. Unfortunately, this type of sprayer isn’t quite as effective as others in areas where there are a great deal of obstacles like trees. On the other hand, a high-clearance or high pressure sprayer has a stronger force and dispersion ratio which allows it to spray in dense areas like corn fields or areas where there are a lot of bushes. Plants require water to thrive, but again, a large cultivated field would be too much for one person alone to water. Therefore, an irrigation

system with sprinkler pumps can be put in place to ensure that your crops get the right amount of water they need. These array of farming equipment and technology are the key components to the success of agriculture in Queensland.

Improving your Agricultural Efficiency Through Farming MachineryImproving your Agricultural Efficiency Through Farming MachineryImproving your Agricultural Efficiency Through Farming Machinery


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F arming has changed a great deal over the last century, and as time has passed, so has the technology farmers use to process their land and cultivate their fields. With the ever growing increase in population, farmers have had to expand their crops to meet the needs of the agricultural industry. However, manpower alone can’t handle these demands, which is where farm machinery comes in.

Farm machinery and agricultural equipment allows farmers to work a larger perimeter of land in order to increase the amount of produce grown and maintain its health.

Tractors are the first thing we think about when we hear the word farm. These large and bulky machines are great to have because they allow farmers to pull heavy supplies and other equipment around. There are other uses as well, such as cultivating.

Cultivators are in fact tractors with large metallic claws or teeth that stir and pulverize the soil to prepare it for planting of crops. Another type of tractor is known as a broadcast seeder. Basically this comes with a machine mounted on it that disperses seedlings in different patterns throughout the recently cultivated land using rotating disks. Tractors can also be equipped with a seed drill which basically digs the hole and plants the food grains or seeds and then covers them up in soil. Once the plants have matured, harvesting begins. In this instance, a harvester may be used to cut down the plant and extract it for processing. This is an excellent tool to have when you have acres of cultivated land to go through.

The biggest nightmare a farm can face is to lose their crop. This can be crippling to a farmer’s economy and could result in them going out of business and having to sell it. Crop losses can result from a number of things, but the most common is pest infestation. For farmers, keeping their crops healthy is critical to their success. Unfortunately, crops like wheat fields are vulnerable to natural born critters. The attack may come from the air or from the soil itself. The only way to protect your crop is to use a sprayer to disperse pesticides throughout the field. This not only ensures the safety of the plants you’ve cultivated but also the quality of the product you are producing.

There are different types of sprayers to choose from. The cheapest is known as a low pressure sprayer, which

f you are a farm owner in Queensland, quality farm machinery is an essential part of your business. It allows farmers to cultivate and harvest the land in half the time that it would take with manpower alone. However, farm machinery and equipment requires proper maintenance like any other substantial commercial utilities. Without maintenance, these tools will begin to wear down until they eventually break. This can result in costly repairs and added downtime in which nothing can be done until the machinery is fixed.

Farm machinery must be checked for wearing and tearing in its inner workings while screws and bolts may need tightening. Bolts that continue to come loose should be refitted. The same goes for any parts that continue to break down in which case you will need to replace that piece with a complete new part. Once maintenance is complete, the commercial vehicle repair technician can inspect it. It will be necessary for the farmer to do this regularly to detect minor problems while they are still minor.

There are two forms of maintenance. The first being repair maintenance, which is conducted once the machinery has started to malfunction or has completely broken down. Preventative maintenance is a program designed to prevent valuable farming equipment from failure. Of course, there’s absolutely no way to avoid damage in the long term. No matter how much care you give your machinery, it will ultimately breakdown. Preventative maintenance can not only slowdown functional decline but also keep machines in reasonably good shape so that you can trade them in if need be. The cost of replacement parts as well as the labour costs may vary by the age of the farming machinery and the type of breakdown. In addition, you have to consider downtime which could affect production. The issue with farming is that the right time to cultivate and harvest is largely affected by the constantly changing seasons.

The longer the farm machinery remains out of commission, the more money the farm will lose.

Keep in mind that maintenance must be done properly to be cost-effective. If you decide to do it yourself and it’s not done correctly, you are not only wasting t i m e , b u t a l s o d i m i n i s h i n g t h e q u a l i t y o f w o r k needed to keep a f a r m r u n n i n g . Modern technology provides us wi th s o p h i s t i c a t e d farming machinery that can do the work ten times faster and b e t t e r t h a n a n y human ever could, but the complexity of these colossal machines requires tools and expertise that only a professional can provide.

It’s easy to assume that paying a mechanic might be a huge cost, but think about all the money that you’ll save by fixing it once instead of over and over. A successful farming machinery management plan can save you money and time because a maintenance schedule can actually be conducted during the periods where field ploughing and other farm work isn’t needed, such as during in winter. Remember that it’s better to be cautious than careless with your equipment; doing so guarantees that you won’t need to spend money that you don’t have to buy new farming machinery.

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Repair vs. Preventative Maintenance

The Importance of Servicing your Farm Machinery

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Teagle adds Bluetooth tech to latest feeder-bedder

Cornish company Teagle is the latest maker to use Bluetooth to allow operator and machine to communicate with each other with its Tomahawk 9500 feeder-bedder.

T h e m o d e l , available f o r t h e 2015-16 season , also has a w i d e r body that, s a y s Teagle, increases capacity and eases loading.At the same time, performance is said to be improved thanks to a large-diameter fan and twin cross-beaters which deliver an increased output of straw, baled chopped silage and clamped materials.

Capacity has also been increased from 6cu m to 8cu m, says the company, however, an overall length of only 5.2m is said to ensure that the compact machine has good manoeuvrability around farm buildings.

The 9500 sits near the top end of the British-built Tomahawk range, next to its big brother the T1010. Both models are available in side- and swivel-chute formats, with braked axle and weigh-cell options also available.

The wide body design (the feed chamber measures 1.68m) was originally introduced by Teagle in 2011 in its T8500 series.

It uses a large-diameter fan for greater airflow and blow distance, with a Hardox coating within the fan housing said to give longevity for the high work rates expected from this new machine.

For operators looking to feed a simple mixed diet to stock, the machine can be supplied with optional weigh cells and a recirculation system.

Large 305/55 R22 tyres, mudguards and road lights are fitted as many existing 9090 operators use their machines on more than one site. Braked axles can be supplied. Prices start at £22,400.

Defra satellite imagery to help assess crop damage

Open access to satellite imagery to help farmers assess crops and pinpoint places with the best soils is being made available by Defra.

G i v i n g f a r m e r s a c c e s s t o s a t e l l i t e imagery is part of the government department’s new open data strategy to help farmers boost efficiency and productivity.Under the plans, announced on Thursday (25 June), Defra will release more than 8,000 datasets containing detailed information about food and farming to the public.The data goldmine will allow farmers to apply cutting-edge techniques to boost efficiency and productivity, and allow better monitoring and management of environmental risks.New data releases will include imagery from the Copernicus satellite system to help farmers pinpoint which places have the best soil or assess the health of crops and chart their performance under different conditions from space.The satellite data will enable farmers to see which crops are growing in fields rather than requiring them to report on every piece of land. This will cut red tape and save money for businesses and the taxpayer.Defra secretary Liz Truss will outline her department’s vision for open data to transform food and farming when she addresses an audience of tech experts, entrepreneurs and investors in Tech City, London, on Thursday (25 June).She said: “We will be able to survey the country’s crops without tramping the fields, meaning farmers get far less bother from government inspectors.“That all means we cut down on red tape and save money for both businesses and the taxpayer.By releasing the information, the department believes it could be worth billions of pounds to British people, businesses and our rural economy.Defra has described it as “the single biggest government data giveaway the UK has ever seen”.

NEWS

Trimble automates implement turns at row-ends

US precision farming giant Trimble has announced that its NextSwath end-of-row turn technology is now on sale.

s you approach the headland, NextSwath automatically calculates the best possible path

to turn the tractor, combine or sprayer around and line up with the next crop row or swath with the implement precisely aligned to begin working.This saves time and increases productivity, says the company, enabling the tractor driver to approach the next run with a turn that is best suited for the vehicle and implement configuration.

The technology also potentially saves fuel costs

and reduces crop damage and compaction at field boundaries, thereby increasing yield. On top of that, since Trimble products work on a variety of different machinery, growers are able to use NextSwath technology on a broad range of vehicle brands and implement types.

By automating the end-of-row process, the technology can also improve the operator’s performance, eliminate towed implement undershooting or overshooting, and minimise skips and overlaps when lining up for the next row.

As a result, it is well suited for field tasks that use a trailed implement or require multiple applications during the crop season such as liquid fertiliser spraying. The ability to make tighter end-of-row turns with towed implements can also reduce the headland space needed at the end of the field for turning machines.

NextSwath can be accessed from the FmX Plus application on the Trimble TMX-2050 display—an Android-based display designed for precision farming applications. No word on cost yet.

New app says whether to spray crops or not

A new smartphone app aims to help farmers and advisers reduce the risk of key pesticides entering water this autumn, such as metaldehyde slug pellets and oilseed rape herbicide metazachlor.

The app was developed by agchem firm Adama, as part o f i t s c o m m i t m e n t t o promote the responsible use of current chemistry, w h i c h i s u n d e r increasing pressure, being found in raw d r i n k i n g w a t e r supplies, plus the need for the UK to comply with EU directives.

“UK agriculture has lost more than 70% of the active substances at its disposal since the early 1990s,” says the firm’s marketing manager, Ali Bosher.

“This, combined with the increasing technical challenges posed by resistance, increased EU legislation and the lack of new modes of action, means that we need to do all that we can to protect the remaining actives at our disposal.”

The WaterAware app offers a field-based risk assessment, integrating soil type, weather and soil moisture deficit information to provide farmers with a simple yes-or-no guide to whether they should apply pellets or spray crops in terms of the potential risk to surface water.

“The app helps farmers to identify the potential risk from applying a product on a particular day, given their on-farm conditions,” explains Paul Fogg, senior crop team leader at Adama.

“This is to minimise the risk of pesticides entering surface water supplies.”

It uses GPS to allow specific field reviews, soil classification data from the British Geological Survey and Met Office weather data allowing a view of spraying potential today and in 72 hours.

It is calibrated for use in oilseed rape, winter wheat and grassland.

The app is now available to download from Apple’s App Store and the android version was available since 1 August 2015.

A


NEWS

he Business Standard of India is reporting tractor maker Mahindra & Mahindra on Thursday said it had signed an agreement to buy 33% stake in agricultural

machinery making company of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for $25 million. M&M would get new common shares in addition to Class A (non-voting) shares of Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery Co. (MAM) and four board positions. The deal is expected to close by October 1. The two companies have committed on joint development of products, sharing of engines and transmissions, common sourcing of parts and reciprocal product access for respective strong markets. The two are open to cross-badging too, said a senior executive of M&M.

M&M is Japan’s fourth largest farm machinery manufacturer with revenues of $408 million in the last financial year and 1,700 employees. It sells tractors, combine harvesters, rice transplanters and other agri-machinery. Pawan Goenka, executive director, M&M,

said, "India is not the primary driver of this acquisition. We bought stake in this company t o e x p l o r e g l o b a l opportunities. It would be difficult for me to say which markets we would be targeting but we will look at the ASEAN markets.”

The two companies have a decade-long partnership in the U.S. where products of Mitsubishi have played a significant role in Mahindra's success. With this alliance, the companies will focus on making investments in marketing ad product development, said a statement.

The acquisition, though, will not change the global pecking order of tractor manufacturers. John Deere will continue to be the world's biggest (in revenue terms) followed by CNH while M&M will remain at number five.

M&M, however, will extend its lead over John Deere and hold the title of being the world's largest producer of tractors.

Goenka however said that there are no immediate plans to launch MAM tractors in India or hike its stake further in the company. M&M along with its partners is developing new 100-110 horsepower tractors for international markets. The company already sells 120 horsepower tractors in China, 100 horsepower in U.S., 90 horsepower in Africa and 57 horsepower in India.

Mahindra to Acquire a 33% Share in Agricultural Machinery CompanyMitsubishi

NEWS

Pawan Goenka, executive director, M&M, said, India is not the primary driver of this acquisition. We

bought stake in this company to explore global opportunities. It would be difficult for me to say which

markets we would be targeting but we will look at the ASEAN markets.”

Anand MahindraCMD

Mahindra Group


“In addition to the new name 'DLG APPROVED' and the new design, we simplified our structure of quality marks and raised information density within the test label in one go. Thus, DLG-confirmed quality will be easier to spot for the farmer,” Hubertus Paetow, chair of DLG's Test Center, said, summarizing the reasons for the change.

A recent survey of users reinforced that the quality marks awarded by the DLG Test Center stand for the highest, as well as independently and impartially proven, product quality.

“We'll extend the practitioner-confirmed best practice to have test criteria of practical relevance selected and test results evaluated by independent testers,” Paetow added. “Needless to say, previously published test reports and awarded quality labels remain valid, but manufacturers can switch labels immediately, if desired.”

Key information already in the test label

The quality mark's new and modern design relies on the same basis for all label variants. It merges the former labels DLG Signum Test, DLG Fokus Test, DLG ISOBUSconform and DLG ISOagriNETconform, and integrates the DLG-PowerMix sign for tractors. Furthermore, the key information for the farmer can be understood at a glance, because within the gold medal and in the lateral flag, supplementary information on the product, scope of the test and, in particular, the number of the correspondent test report, are specified. Thus, it is easily recognizable if the test conducted was either a full test, and therefore DLG APPROVED for the whole product, or DLG APPROVED in single criteria.

Shortcut from quality mark to test report

By using the number of the corresponding test report from the lateral flag of the test label and the address of DLG's website from the gold medal, the detailed results of the DLG test can be found and downloaded in a few mouse clicks, in a very simple way.

Topicality at a glance

Any DLG approval in the field of agricultural engineering products or machinery runtime carries a time limitation of five years, therefore the awarding year is also imprinted in the gold medal. If product manufacturing is

continued without changes, the manufacturer can apply for a run-time limit extension of another five years at a time.

In the case of farm input tests, the obligations for independent long-term product quality monitoring remain as is. To achieve this, trained samplers annually collect unannounced specimens at the plant, at supplier's premises or on farms to be further analyzed by DLG experts.

The DLG Test Center Technology and Farm Inputs

The DLG Test Center Technology and Farm Inputs at Groß-Umstadt sets the benchmark for tested agricultural technology and farm inputs, and is the leading provider of testing and certification services for independent technology tests. With the latest measurement technology and practical testing methods, the DLG's test engineers carry out testing of both product developments and innovations.

As an EU-notified test laboratory with multiple accreditations, the DLG Test Center Technology and Farm Inputs provides farmers and practitioners with important information and decision-making aids, in the form of its recognized technology tests and DLG tests, to assist in the planning of investments in agricultural technologies and farm inputs.

Media contact:Dr. Frank Volz

Tel.: +49(0)69 24 788-224Fax: +49(0)69 24 788-112

Email: [email protected]

Press Release: AGRITECHNICA 2015


PRESS RELEASE

(DLG). The Test Center Technology and Farm Inputs of the German Agricultural Society (Deutsche

Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft, DLG) will release a new quality mark at the beginning of next year.

The new label links the tradition of the DLG-approval of the past years and the advantages of the