agriculture.pdf

Agriculture Importance of agriculture in India Agriculture plays a major role in the economic development of our country. It is regarded as the back bone of the economy.

Importance of agriculture: 1. About twothird of working population derive their livelihood from

agriculture. 2. Agriculture is the main force of income for about three- fourth of Indian

population. 3. It is the chief source of countrys income which contributes about 30%

G.D.P. 4. It provides not only food but also raw material for manufacturing industries. 5. India exports seven agricultural items through which foreign exchange

earnings are significant. 6. It is not only an important occupation but also a way of life culture and

custom. Several Indian festivals are observed according to agricultural seasons.

7. Agriculture leads to improved rate of saving and investment which help to industrial development.

Important characteristic features of Indian agriculture India is an agricultural country. Agriculture is the backbone of the country Indian agriculture exhibits the following features.

Characteristic features of Indian agriculture:- 1. Mostly rain fed: About twothirds of the total cropped area still depends

upon monsoon rains. 2. Cultivated with irrigation water: About one- third of the total cropped

area is cultivated with irrigation water. In the irrigated areas it is not only productive but also prosperous.

3. Small scale: Agriculture is on small scale due to the size of the land holdings.

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4. Highly intensive: Agriculture in India is highly intensive. Two or three crops are cultivated in the same piece of land in an year

5. Highly traditional: Agriculture in India is highly traditional. It is food grain oriented and less mechanised.

6. Low productivity of crops: Agriculture productivity in India per hector is very low, compared with the advanced countries.

7. Two main crop seasons: The two main crop seasons in India are Karif and Rabi. There is a third season also called Zayad

8. Variety of crops: Indian agriculture is favourable to the farmers to grow a variety of crops both food crops and cash crops.

Green revolution It refers to the development of high yielding varieties for the increase of crop production. It brings a broad transformation of agricultural sector to overcome many problems. It is a new agricultural strategy which helps in effective utilization of agricultural resources.

Objectives: 1. Its main aim is to overcome many problems like food shortage hunger,

under nutrition and mal nutrition. 2. To increase the standard of living and eliminate poverty in rural areas. 3. To supply water, better needs, fertilizers. Power, finance, credit and the

knowledge of new ways of cultivation for using the High Yielding varieties. 4. To achieve substantial agricultural progress in the country.

Four different agricultural development programmes The following agricultural development programmes were launched to increase agricultural production.

1. Community development programme. 2. Small Farmers development agency 3. Intensive agricultural development programme 4. Multiple cropping programme.

Crop seasons Ans. Crop seasons in India are classified on the basis of Agro- geographical conditions.



There are three crop seasons in India. 1. Kharif season: from June to September. 2. Rabi season: from November to March 3. Zayad season: from April to May

Practice Bits

1. The back bone of the Indias economy is - a) agriculture b) industries c) cottage industries d) None of these

2. The Kharif crop season extends from - a) November-March b) June- October c) August-November d) April-July

3. The Rabi crop season extends from - a) June-October b) November-March c) August-November d) April-July

4. The average productivity of crops in India is - a) Very high b) Very low c) Moderate d) Low

5. The soil suitable for the cultivation of cotton is - a) Red soil b) Black soil c) Alluvial soils d) Laterite soils

6. Deccan trap soil is also known as - a) Laterite soils b) Alluvial soils c) Black soils d) Sandy soils

7. The state famous for producing sugarcane is - a) Madhya Pradesh b) Andhra Pradesh c) Arunachal Pradesh d) Uttar Pradesh

8. The poor mans food is - a) Paddy b) Wheat c) Fruits d) Jowar



9. The state that grows Jowar is - a) Maharashtra b) Madhya Pradesh c) Uttar Pradesh d) Kerala

10. This crop is cultivated both in Kharif and Rabi seasons - a) Jowar b) Cotton c) Maize d) Wheat

11. The state that cultivates oil seeds abundantly is - a) Gujarat b) Haryana c) Kerala d) Goa

12. Blue revolution refers to increase of - a) Sheep b) Fish c) Milk d) Paddy

13. A shrimp and fish culture project is being implemented with the assistance of -

a) Andhra bank b) Reserve bank c) Asian bank d) World bank

14. White revolution refers to the increase of this production - a) Food grains b) Curd c) Milk d) Ghee

15. Which of the following is a tropical crop - a) Wheat b) Tobacco c) Sugarcane d) Cotton

16. Ragi is mostly grown in the state of - a) Tamil Nadu b) Andhra Pradesh c) Karnataka d) Orissa

17. The state that has maximum rubber plantations is - a) Maharashtra b) Kerala c) Tamil Nadu d) Asom

18. Green revolution is associated with - a) Chemicals b) Pesticides c) crop varieties d) all of these

19. The crop that earns foreign exchange for India is -



a) Cotton b) Tobacco c) Rice d) Wheat

20. The revolution which has increase the crop production considerably is -

a) Blue b) White c) Intensive agriculture d) Green

Key 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. d 8. d 9. a 10. c 11. a 12. b 13. d 14. c 15. c 16. c 17. b 18. d 19. b 20. d



agriculture.pdf

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