9 Editorial11 Indian Economy : A Few Facts : At A

Glance

Some Aspects of Indian Economy

22 Underdeveloped Country22 Salient Features of Indian Economy23 Important Infrastructural Components in

India23 Largest Economies of the World25 Nature of Unemployment in India26 68th Round of NSSO : Unemployment on the

Rise, Women hit Worst27 Human Development Report 201428 Rangarajan Panel Report on Poverty30 India is Poorest in South Asia after Afghanis-

tan : Oxford Varsity Study31 India Human Development Report 201131 Inequality in India32 Guidelines Changed for New BPL Census32 Multidimensional Poverty Index

Mineral Resources of India36 Commercial Sources of Energy38 Non-conventional Sources of Energy38 Jawahar Lal Nehru National Solar Mission39 Power Generation in India

Forest Resources of India39 State Forest Report, 2013

National Income of India

41 Concepts of National Income41 Methods of Measuring National Income42 CSO Releases Provisional Estimates of

National Income for 2013-14Population

44 Population Touches 1·21 billion Level, butGrowth Rate Declines in Census 2011

46 Population Policy 2000

Agriculture

48 Agriculture and Food Management in India49 Horticulture50 Mission for Integrated Development of

Horticulture (MIDH)50 Operational Holding in India (2010-11)51 India’s Productivity vis-a-vis World Average

and Country with Highest Yield for Major Crops51 Land Use Pattern in India51 Land Use51 Kisan Call Centres51 Land Reform Programmes52 Parliament Passed Land Acquisition Bill52 The National Food Security Act53 Agriculture Marketing53 National Agricultural Insurance Scheme

(NAIS) 1999-200054 Modified National Agricultural Insurance

Scheme (MNAIS)54 Pilot Coconut Palm Insurance Scheme (CPIS)55 Green Revolution in India55 Animal Husbandry & Dairy : Highlights55 White Revolution and Operation Flood in

India56 Irrigation56 Yellow Revolution56 Agricultural Credit57 Flow of Agricultural Credit57 Kisan Credit Card Scheme57 Agriculture Trade : WTO Agreements

Industry

58 New Industrial Policy58 National Manufacturing Policy59 Industrial Performance : At a Glance59 New Policy for Small Industries59 Rajiv Gandhi Udyami Mitra Yojana (RGUMY)60 Annual Survey of Industries for 2010-1160 Companies Bill Receives President’s Assent

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61 Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME)61 National Manufacturing Competitiveness

Programme62 Cotton and Textiles Industry63 Iron and Steel Industry63 Sugar Industry63 Cement Industry64 Jute Industry64 Paper Industry64 Coal Industry65 Gems and Jewellery Industry65 Petroleum Industry65 Refining Capacity in India66 Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)66 Eligibility Criteria for Grant of Maharatna Sta-

tus66 Eligibility Criteria for Grant of Navaratna Sta-

tus66 Eligibility Criteria for Miniratna Status66 Mini Ratna Scheme67 Maharatna and Navratna Companies67 Multinational Corporations67 Industrial Finance67 Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project67 Chennai-Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC)67 Bengaluru-Mumbai Economic Corridor

(BMEC)67 East Coast Economic Corridor (ECEC) in-

cluding Vizag Chennai Industrial Corridor(VCIC)

68 Amritsar-Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC)

Money and Banking

68 Different Stages of the Development ofIndian Banking

69 Reserve Bank of India69 Quantitative and Qualitative Credit Control69 Selective Credit Control70 Nachiket Mor Committee’s Report’s High-

lights70 Micro Finance70 Commercial Banks71 BRICS Development Bank71 Cheques/Drafts Valid for 3 Months Only71 Foreign Bank’s Operation in India71 Indian Banks Abroad71 Co-operative Banks71 Regional Rural Banks71 RBI’s Key Guidelines for Corporate India to

Enter Banking Sector

72 Bhartiya Mahila Bank Ltd.72 Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs)72 Debt Recovery Tribunals72 Capital Adequacy Ratio Standards for Banks

and Non-banking Financial Institutions73 Banking Ombudsman Scheme73 Proposed Functions of Regulatory Bod-

ies Envisaged by FSLRC73 Weak Commercial Bank : New Definition74 Banking in India74 Statewise Distribution of Deposits and Credit

of Scheduled Commercial Banks in India-2012 and 2013

74 Commercial Banks in India At a Glance75 Capital Market76 Commodity Futures Market76 Securities and Exchange Board of India

(SEBI)76 Depository System in India77 Computerised ‘Online Trading’ in Share

Markets77 Women in Indian Financial Sector77 Rajeev Gandhi Equity Saving Scheme

Launched77 National Bank for Agriculture and Rural De-

velopment (NABARD)78 National Housing Bank (NHB)78 Housing Price Index78 India’s First Mortgage Guarantee Company

Set Up78 Rural Infrastructure Development Fund78 India Infrastructure Finance Company (IIFCL)79 Agriculture and Rural Development Banks79 Insurance Industry in India79 General Insurer’s Public Sector Association

of India (GIPSA)80 Important Insurance Policies : At a Glance81 Agriculture Insurance Company of India

Limited (AICIL)81 Introduction of New Series of Consumer Price

Index CPI (R + U)82 Money Stock Measures in India83 Retail Prices Based Three Consumer Price

Index Launched

Development, Poverty Alleviation andEmployment Generation Programmes inIndia

83 Pradhan Mantree Jan Dhan Yojna83 Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojna83 National Rural Livelihood Mission—Aajeevika

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84 Bharat Nirman Yojana Launched84 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employ-

ment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)85 Wage Rates under MGNREGA Raised85 Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)86 Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

(PMGSY)86 Drought-Prone Area Programme (DPAP)86 Desert Development Programme (DDP)86 National Food Security Scheme-201387 Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana

(SJSRY)88 National Urban Livelihood Mission88 Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)88 Annapurna Scheme88 Village Grain Bank Scheme89 Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY)89 Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (National Women

Fund)89 Various Women – Oriented Schemes of State

Governments89 Krishi Vigyan Kendra89 Janani Suraksha Yojana90 National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)90 National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)90 The Sangam Yojana for the Handicapped91 CAPART91 Prime Minister’s Employment Generation

Programme (PMEGP)91 Rural Electrification in India92 Rajeev Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana

(RGGVY)92 Remote Village Electrification Programme92 Rajiv Gandhi Gramin LPG Vitran Yojana

(RGGLVY)92 Rural Drinking Water92 Rural Sanitation : Total Sanitation Campaign

(TSC)—Nirmal Gram Yojana93 National Social Assistance Programme93 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV)93 Rajeev Awas Yojana93 Aam Admi Bima Yojana (AABY)94 Self-Employment Programme for the Urban

Poor (SEPUP)94 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal

Mission (JNNURM)94 Swabhiman Scheme to Open Bank Accounts

in Villages94 Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana

(IGMSY)

95 Pratibha Kiran Yojana95 Rajeev Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of

Adolescent Girls—SABLA95 Members of Parliament Local Area Develop-

ment Scheme (MPLADS)95 Mahila Samridhi Yojana95 Jan Arogya Bima Policy96 UTI Launches ‘Micro Pension Scheme’ for

Unorganised Poor Indian Workers96 Raj Rajeshwari Mahila Kalyan Yojana96 Bhagyashree Child Welfare Bima Yojana96 Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)96 Indira Mahila Yojana96 Rajeev Gandhi Shramik Kalyan Yojana96 National Mission for Empowerment of Women96 Shiksha Sahayog Yojana97 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan97 Mid-Day Meal Scheme for School Children97 Jan Shree Bima Yojana98 Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan98 Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan98 The Unorganized Workers, Social Security Act

200899 LIC Launches Jeevan Arogya Health Policy99 Khadi and Village Industries Development

Scheme

Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments

100 Volume of India’s Foreign Trade100 India’s Merchandise Trade100 Export Composition101 Import Composition102 Direction of Foreign Trade103 India’s Service Trade104 Foreign Trade Policy 2009–14105 New Foreign Trade Policy : 2013-14105 Recent Developments in Bilateral & Regional

Co-operation106 Balance of Payments Position in India106 Trends in India’s Current Account Deficit in

2013-14107 Import Liberalisation107 SEZ in India107 Special Economic Zone Act, 2005107 SEZ Norms Liberalised (2013-14)108 Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme

(EPCGS)108 Export Development Centres108 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

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108 Govt. Notifies 100% FDI in Single-brand Retail109 FDI Norms Eased for Small Scale Sector109 Mayaram Panel Recommends 9 Sectors for

49% FDI110 Foreign Exchange Reserves in India110 Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA)110 Money Laundering Prevention Act110 India’s External Debt111 India is Third Largest Indebted Country111 NEER and REER

Transport and Communications

112 Railways112 Indian Transport Sector : An Overview112 Railways : Some Latest Facts113 Introduction of Bio-toilets113 Salient Features of the National Rail Vikas

Yojana113 Konkan Railway Plan113 The Bauddha Luxury Train in U.P.113 Vivek Express Now Longest Distance Cover-

ing Train114 India to Join Trans-Asian Rail Network114 Road Transport114 National Highway Development Project

(NHDP)114 Water Transport115 Central Road Fund115 Rural Roads115 SARDP—NE116 Air Transport116 Airport Authority of India116 Airport Infrastructure117 International Airport Status to Five More

Domestic Airports117 GAGAN Project117 New Telecom Policy 2012 Provides Nation-

wide Free Roaming118 Nation-wide Mobile Number Portability

Launched118 Sanchar Shakti118 Gramin Sanchar Sewak Scheme (GSSS)118 USOF

Public Finance

119 Financial Relations between Centre andStates

119 Service Tax120 Consolidated Funds of India and of the States120 Contingency Fund

120 Public Accounts of India and of the States120 Tax Administration Reform Commission, 2013

to Review Tax Laws, Implementation121 Finance Commission121 Thirteenth Finance Commission Report122 14th Finance Commission Constituted123 Value Added Tax (VAT)123 Black Money Accounts for 10% of GDP :

Study Report124 Economic Survey 2013-14127 Railway Budget 2014-15131 Union Budget 2014-15

Economic Planning in India

136 History of Planning in India136 Planning Commission of India136 National Development Council—NDC137 First Five Year Plan137 Second Five Year Plan137 Third Five Year Plan138 Three Annual Plans138 Fourth Five Year Plan138 Fifth Five Year Plan139 Sixth Five Year Plan139 Seventh Five Year Plan139 Eighth Five Year Plan140 Ninth Five Year Plan141 Tenth Five Year Plan142 India Vision-2020142 Eleventh Plan (2007–12)143 National Targets of the 11th Plan (2007-12)144 Vision of 12th Five Year Plan (2012–17)145 Strategy Challenges : Twelfth Five Year Plan

(2012-17)International Organisations

146 International Monetary Fund (IMF)146 International Bank for Reconstruction

and Development (IBRD)148 International Development Association (IDA)148 International Finance Corporation (IFC)148 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency148 International Centre for Settlement of Invest-

ment Disputes149 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

(GATT)149 Uruguay Round and Dunkel Proposals149 World Trade Organisation (WTO)150 Important International Organisations : A View

PD / Economy / 6

PD / Economy / 7

151 United Nations Conference on Tradeand Development (UNCTAD)

151 Asian Development Bank (ADB)152 ADB’s Aid to India for Infrastructure Develop-

ment152 International Fund for Agricultural Develop-

ment (IFAD)152 South Asian Association for Regional Co-

operation (SAARC)153 South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)153 Association of South-East Asian Nations

(ASEAN)154 ASEAN to Create “Free Trade Area (FTA)” by

2015154 ASEAN Summits154 Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC)154 G-8 (Formerly G-7)155 G-20155 G-15155 G-24156 G-77156 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

Development (OECD)156 The European Coal and Steel Community

(ECSC)156 BENELX156 European Economic Community (EEC) or

European Common Market (ECM)156 European Free Trade Association (EFTA)156 European Unification and Maastricht Treaty157 North American Free Trade Agree-

ment (NAFTA)157 Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC)157 Asian Clearing Union (ACU)157 Apec Summits157 Mercosur158 Pan American Trade Agreement158 Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional

Co-operation (IORARC)158 Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)

Important Events

159 OMCs Allowed to Fix Diesel Prices159 India at 8th Rank in Black Money : GFI159 Structure of the Global Gender Gap Index160 Black Money in India : A Huge Parallel

Economy within the Country160 India Stands 101st in Gender Gap Index

2013 : WEF

160 India Ranks 120th in Economic Freedom In-dex for 2014

160 India Ranks 134th in World Bank’s DoingBusiness’ List

160 Corruption Perception Index 2013161 India Slips 10 Places in Global Innovation In-

dex161 India Placed at 63rd Rank in Global Hunger

Index 2013162 Global Risks 2014 Report162 Certification Marks163 Third Billion Index164 India Stands Second in Innovation Efficiency

Index164 UNIDO Report Includes India in Top 10

Industrial Nations164 India Slips Down in Global Competitiveness

Index164 CTS Cheques to be Operational w.e.f. July 1,

2013164 India Replace Japan as World’s 3rd Largest

Economy165 Govt. Tables White Paper on Black Money in

Parliament165 Govt. to Create Innovation Fund with 5000

crore165 New Rehabilitation Policy for Farmers166 India-ASEAN FTA Becomes Operative w.e.f.

January 1, 2010166 National Dairy Plan Phase-I Launched166 Indian Dairy Cooperatives : A Story of

Success167 Marginal Decline in Country’s Total Fertility Rate167 Retail Prices Based Three Consumer Price In-

dex Launched167 India Achieves UN Millennium Goal for Drink-

ing Water167 PAN to Become Mandatory for All Bank Trans-

actions168 India Ranked at 115 on Women Empowerment

Scale168 Indian Spends less than 21 a day : NSSO

Survey168 PURA168 Orange Card169 Fruit Product Ordinance (F.P.O.)169 Planning Commission’s India Vision-2020169 Agriculture Gene Bank in India169 National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture169 Zero Coupon Bond

PD / Economy / 8

170 India Leaves China Behind in Social Protection170 Targeted Public Distribution System170 Revamped Public Distribution System (RPDS)171 Difference between Prices of RPDS and PDS171 Deccan Odyssey171 Golden Handshake Scheme171 Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)171 India Brand Equity Fund171 Indian Hydrocarbon Vision 2025171 Credit Cards172 Credit Rating Agencies172 Mega City Scheme172 Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (COPRA-1986)172 Essential Commodities Act173 ‘CONCORD’ Scheme of Confederation of In-

dian Industries (CII)173 Commission on Labour Standards173 MODVAT173 Second Labour Commission174 Important Latest Committees

The concurrence of the views of the Editor is not necessary for any matter or figure published in PratiyogitaDarpan. —Editor

174 National Safety Council174 Harkin Bill174 Counter Trade Policy174 Floriculture Centres174 Open Sky Policy174 Sui Generis175 Economics Nobel Prize-2013175 Latest Services of Postal Departments175 Special 301 and Super 301 Trade Protection

Policies of USA175 Street Children Scheme176 Workmen’s Compensation Act Amended176 Fiscal Drag176 Tobin Tax176 Footloose Industry176 Exit Policy176 Independent World Commission on Oceans176 `1 lakh crore Infrastructure Projects : Central

Government’s Plan to Boost Economy177 Multiple Choice Questions

PD / Economy / 9

We are human beings only if we have human values. Human beings shorn of great values of like are like satanswho don’t deserve to mix with humans. A life without values is insipid, hollow, pithless and colourless. As the soulis to the body, so are the values to the society. A life of values is certainly something to be cultivated, something tobe lived. Values impart dignity and divinity to our lives. A person endowed with human values takes on theattributes of divinity. Consciously or unconsciously all of us do adhere to certain values, the degree of adherencediffers. For without values an ordered social life can never be imagined. Life without values is ‘nasty, brutish andshort’. Let us all inculcate in ourselves higher values of life if we wish to give a meaningful content to our lives andwant to live as socially useful members of the human society.

To-day we are afraid of simplewords like goodness, mercy and kindness.We don’t believe in the good old wordsbecause we do not believe in the good oldvalues any more. And that is why theworld is so sick.

In the words of Philomena Aqudo,“Values are the norms, goals or purposesthat one chooses in order to give a senseof direction and meaning to one’s life.They are the integrative forces that bringabout wholeness in one’s personality.”

The main difference between modernand traditional values is that in tradi-tional societies people were a valuableresource and the relations between themwere carefully tended. In modern societythings are the valuables and people aretoo often treated as disposables. This hasresulted in self-centredness, and goodsand commodities are considered morevaluable than the human beings. Thegreat economist Roy L. Smith has rightlyremarked that “Too many men who knowall about financial values, know nothingabout human values.” Our young menand women are hardly aware of the truthcontained in this proverb “Riches adornthe dwelling, values adorn the person.”In my opinion, they are not to be blamedfor this precarious state of affairs. Theyare taught to define value thus—Thevalue of a thing is the amount of labour-ing or work that its possession will savethe possessor. It is, therefore, in thefitness of things that majority of ouryoung generation, understands only onevalue—the value of money. He un-derstands only the language of money-

values. Not only that, he sees all aroundpeople doing everything in the name ofand for money. The news of dacoity,smuggling, rape, kidnapping and the likedo leave our young men and youngwomen unmoved. They read and hear onething, but think in practice quite other-wise. This hiatus has disintegrated thepersonality of our young friends.

This state of affairs cannot be andshould not be allowed to last for long,because the members of the youngergeneration have to take charge of thesociety, the country and do all thebuilding for the future.

The future custodians of the freedomof India are not expected to have slightregard for human values. They mustseparate the chaff from the grain andhave their own norms and values of life.The young men and women, who aretrying to get through competitions, intothe administrative services have a greaterresponsibility on their shoulders. Theywould be expected to have a set of values,both in their private and public life.

In their student life, our young menand women well learnt to be competitiveand imbibed the spirit of ambition andhunger for personal achievement. Butnow that they are just ready to enter intoa life of responsibilities, they shouldlearn or search the values of human life,as they will be expected to design andwork out a durable system which couldbring about a more congenial atmosphereto live in. The older people expect ouryounger people to lead a life in which

more and more people may feel obligedto them. For this, our young men andwomen will have to develop kindness,mercy, helpfulness, tolerance, benevo-lence and other such human values.

Values are to be set only to bepractised in actual life. In case other-wise, the man talking of values, is justlike a donkey who carries a load ofscriptures on his back and knows not aword thereof. It is much more honest toown selfish values than to profess un-selfish values in which we do not reallybelieve, and by which, we do not reallylive.

Values are to be as a prize to bestriven for, and not something to beimposed by authority. In most of thecases, the values are treated like dogmas.That is why, they are only talked andpreached, and very seldom practised inactual life. For example, when we go tothe examination hall, how many of uswould not use unfair means, if givenopportunity or if there were no invigi-lators ?

Values are to be sought by study,reflection, self-examination, and by devo-tion to ideals. They are of any valuewhen lived in practice. The values arenot a way of teaching, but a way of life,which prevents us from doing anythingout of order. Let us cultivate in ourselveshigher values of life if we really wish tobe called humans. Only values impartsocially useful content to our lives,without which we shall remain ‘nasty,brutish and short’ as Hobbes puts it in hisimmortal work ‘Leviathan’.

PD / Economy / 11

INDIAN ECONOMYA FEW FACTS : AT A GLANCE

INDIAN ECONOMYA FEW FACTS : AT A GLANCE

AREA

Total Area of the Country 3287263 sq. kmPercentage of World Area 2·42 per cent (7th Place)Forest & Tree Cover Area 782871 sq. km

(23·81 % of the total area)Total Forest Cover Area 692027 sq. km(Including 4662 km2 area under (21·05% of the totalmangroves) geographical area)Agricultural Land/Cultivable Land (2011-12)

181·98 million hectareCultivated Land (2011-12) 155·52 million hectareNet Area sown (2011-12) 140·801 million hectarePer Capita Agricultural Land (2011-12)

0·151 hectareGross Irrigated Area 91·53 million hectare

(46·9% of Gross sown area)Rainfed Area as % of net

%1·35aera nwosLargest State (Areawise) RajasthanSmallest State (Areawise) GoaState touching boundaries of Uttar PradeshMaximum States (Touches boundaries of 8 States–

Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana,Rajasthan, M.P., Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar)Area under foodgrains (2011-12)

123·37 million hectares(88·0% of net sown area)

POPULATION

Total Population of the Country(Census 2011) 121·0854 croreDecadal Growth Rate (2001–11) 17·7%Rural Population Growth 12·3%Urban Population Growth 31·8%Percentage of World Population (2011) 17·5%Total Rural Population (2011) 83·37 croreTotal Urban Population (2011) 37·71 croreRural-Urban Population Ratio (2011) 68·84 : 31·16

349)1102( oitaR xeS(Female per thousand male)

919)1102( oitaR xeS dlihC(Female child/1000 male children)State with highest Female-Male

alareK)1102( oitaR (1084)

Labour Force (2009–13) World Bank 48·43 croreTotal workers (2011 census) 48·17 crore

erorc 81·33elaMerorc 89·41elameF

Density of Population (2011) 382 per sq. kmBirth Rate (2012) 21·6 per thousand populationDeath Rate (2012) 7·0 per thousand population

4·2)2102( namow rep RFT6·2)laruR( RFT8·1)nabrU( RFT

Maternal Mortality Rate 178(Per 100000 live births) (2010–12)Infant Mortality Rate (2012) 42 per thousand

live births64laruR82 nabrU14selaM44elameF

CENSUS 2011Figures At a Glance–India

Population Persons 1210·8 million 100·00Rural 833·7 million 68·8Urban 377·1 million 31·2

Decadal PopulationGrowth 2001–11

Absolute Percen-tage

growthrate

Persons 18,19,89,496 17·7Males 99·97 million 12·3Females 99·99 million 31·8

Density of Population(per sq. km)

382

Sex Ratio (Femalesper 1000 males)

943

Population in theage group 0–6

AbsolutePercentage

to totalpopula-

tionPersons 164·5 million 13·6Rural 121·3 million 14·6Urban 43·2 million 11·5

Literacy rate Persons 73·0Males 80·9Females 64·6

(The census 2011 results of Mao-Masam, Paomata andParul subdivisions of Senapati district of Manipur were with-held due to administrative reasons. The figure have now beenfinalized and declared by office of the registrar General of Indiaon 07-01-2014. Above given census data is after the inclusionof the census of three subdivisions of Senapati District ofManipur.)

Pratiyogita Darpan Concise Extra IssueEconomy At A Glance

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan Author : Pratiyogita Darpan

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