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Agricultural Research ServiceU.S. Department of Agriculture
USDA ARS AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT OF AQUATIC GENETIC RESOURCES
Caird Rexroad ([email protected])Office of National Programs, Aquaculture National Program LeaderUS Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
Aquaculture Challenges Science and Technology
Develop new aquatic animal health management tools
Identify and culture “new” species already adapted to production environments
Define nutrient requirements for “new” species that can be met with available and sustainable feed ingredients
Improve genetics, management practices and production systems to enhance production efficiency, product quality, healthfulness, animal welfare and reduce impacts on environments
USDA ARSRole
Work with stakeholders to identify constraints to improving production, production efficiency, product quality, healthfulness, sustainability and/or animal welfare that we have the resources to address
Develop science based approaches that complement industry efforts and capacity for problem solving
Conduct Research and Technology Transfer
Priorities Presidential Initiatives
Congress
Stakeholders
ARS AQUACULTURE
• 18 projects• 47 scientists• Critical partnerships with
~40 funded collaborators• 10 laboratory sites• Budget: ~$28 Million• Freshwater and Marine
Systems
Mission: To conduct high quality, relevant, fundamental, and applied aquaculture research, to improve the systems for raising domesticated aquaculture species, and to transfer technology to enhance the productivity and efficiency of U.S. producers and the quality of seafood and other aquatic animal products.
Species
Catfish and hybrids
Striped bass and hybrids
Rainbow trout
Atlantic salmon
Pacific oyster
Eastern oyster
Tilapia
…
Program Components
1) Selective Breeding, Directed Reproduction, and Development of Genomic Tools
2) Nutrient Requirements and Alternative Sources of Protein and Lipid
3) Health of Aquatic Animals
4) Sustainable Production Systems
5) Product Quality and New Products
GxExMxP Genetics – domestication, selective breeding,
chromosome set manipulation, monosex …
Environment – production system, RAS, pond, raceway, water quality …
Management Practices – biosecurity and animal health, stocking density, nutrition …
Post Harvest – product quality, healthfulness …
Social factors – Consumer Values, Economics, Marketing …
2016 ARS Select Accomplishment TopicsSalmonids
Using genomics to improve disease resistance in rainbow trout
A DNA-based tool for managing trout production
Evaluation of algal sources of omega-3 fatty acids to replace fish oil in trout feeds
New feed processing technology results in better water quality for fish farms
Improving resistance to sea lice in Atlantic salmon
Genetic diversity of Flavobacterium psychrophilumisolates from the United States determined by multilocus sequence typing
Yersinia ruckeri lipopolysaccharide is necessary and sufficient for eliciting a protective immune response in rainbow trout
Genome sequencing of Lactococcus garvieae strain PAQ102015-99, an outbreak strain identified from cultured rainbow trout in the northwestern United States
Atlantic salmon can be raised to market weight in land-based systems using sustainable diets
Catfish
Sire strain affects blue × channel catfish progeny performance in commercial settings
Cryopreservation of catfish sperm
Improving the diet of commercial catfish
Development of cost-effective feeding strategies to maintain body weight of market-size hybrid catfish during harvest delays
Evaluation of processing yield in catfish fed alternative protein sources
Impact of grading hybrid catfish fingerlings on processing
Molecular immune response of channel catfish following immunization with live Ichthyophthirius
Developed in vitro methods to screen parasiticides against Ich
Reproducible waterborne disease model for virulent Aeromonas hydrophila
An oral vaccine for enteric septicemia of catfish increases profitability
Improving the shelf life of fresh catfish fillets
Where best to check for off-flavor in catfish fillets
2016 Select ARS Accomplishment TopicsOyster
Using genetics to improve the eastern oyster for commercial production
Models of burrowing shrimp population dynamics can be used to advance integrated pest management
Shrimp
Insect meal is a viable protein ingredient for white shrimp diets
Hybrid Striped Bass
Fish meal in hybrid striped bass diets can be replaced with high-protein, low-antigen soy varieties
Taurine supplementation is not needed to support growth of hybrid striped bass fed all-plant-protein diets
Tilapia
Tilapia whole-body amino acid profile is a robust nutrient target for optimizing commercial diets
Utilization of distiller’s dried grains with solubles(DDGS) as a potential replacement for fish meal in tilapia diets
Selective breeding in Nile tilapia for disease resistance
https://www.ars.usda.gov/animal-production-and-protection/aquaculture/
Thirteenth Regular Session, FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture noted the need for a State of the World's Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Given our interests in aquaculture, genetics, genomics, and reproductive biology, Department of State requested that USDA take the lead in preparing the US Country Report
Committee set up under the IWGA to answer survey
Answers based on Federal Documents and members’ professional knowledge of AqGR
State of the worlds aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture
State of the Worlds Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Tools for improving the conservation, sustainable use and development of aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture, at national and regional levels;
identify threats to aquatic genetic resources, gaps in information about aquatic genetic resources and needs for the strengthening of national capacity to manage aquatic genetic resources effectively;
inform the development of national policies, legislation, research and development, education, training and extension concerning the conservation, sustainable use and development of aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture;
Country Reports50 Survey Questions Chapter 1. The Use and Exchange of Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed
Aquatic Species and their Wild Relatives within National Jurisdiction
Chapter 2. Drivers and Trends in Aquaculture: Consequences for Aquatic Genetic Resources within National Jurisdiction
Chapter 3. In Situ Conservation of Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed Aquatic Species and their wild Relatives within National Jurisdiction
Chapter 4. Ex Situ Conservation of Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed Aquatic Species and their Wild Relatives within National Jurisdiction
Country Reports50 Survey Questions continued
Chapter 5. Stakeholders with Interests in Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed Aquatic Species and their Wild Relatives within National Jurisdiction
Chapter 6. National Policies and Legislation for Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed Aquatic Species and their Wild Relatives within National Jurisdiction
Chapter 7. Research, Education, Training and Extension on Aquatic Genetic Resources within National Jurisdiction: Coordination, Networking and Information
Chapter 8. International Collaboration on Aquatic Genetic Resources of Farmed Aquatic Species and Their Wild Relatives
IWGA AqGR Committee
Caird Rexroad, USDA ARS Gene Kim, USDA NIFA Kristen Gruenthal, NOAA Paul Zajicek, NAA Nathan Wilke, USFWS Harvey Blackburn, USDA ARS Eric Silberhorn, FDA Eric Landis, FDA Charles Brinkman, DOS
Approach Members attempted individual chapters Reviewed by committee for consensus answers Requested specific information from other colleagues Completed the DRAFT May 1 request for comments from stakeholders:
Aquacontacts
IWGA
NAA
NRSP8
ARS, NIFA, NOAA
Final review and Agency clearance Submission by end of June 2017
Supporting Documentation Fourth Annual Report on Aquaculture and Policy in the United States of
America for the 2016 United States-Japan Natural Resources Panel on Aquaculture (UJNR). Office of Aquaculture, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service.
Fisheries of the United States 2015, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Census of Aquaculture 2013, Volume 3, Special Studies Part 2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service.
The 2015 – 2020 U.S. Dietary Guidelines https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/table-of-contents/.
The National Aquaculture Association http://thenaa.net/.
Aquaculture genomics, genetics and breeding in the United States: current status, challenges, and priorities for future research. BMC Genomics 2017 18:191
• 100 page DRAFT
• 3 comments received to date
• Describes US freshwater and marine genetic resources related to food production
• Majority of questions answered Trade, exchange, domestic
species farmed in other countries but not US.
• Aquaculture Trends
• Information on species specific broodstock technologies
• Major species in production
• Species with potential
• Conservation efforts
• Relevant legislation
• Interested stakeholders and communities
• Training and workforce development
Status – ready to submit