Aggregate Resource Distribution, Scarcity, and Land Use

Heather Arends – Mineral Potential Section Manager

10/10/2017 Presentation to the Aggregate Resources Task Force 1

Presentation Overview

• Growth of the Minnesota aggregate production

• Causes of scarcity

• Regions of natural scarcity

• Distribution of aggregates across the state

• MNDOT classification of aggregate

• Distribution of quality aggregates

• Regional significance of resource management

2

Aggregate Production and Value in Minnesota

3

Data Source: USGS Data Sets, Aggregates by State and End Usehttps://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/aggregates/

Value ~ $330M

The

National Aggregate Resource Numbers

• Nationally, industry output has grown 5.3% annually

• From 2015 to 2016: USGS also reported a national increase in demand of aggregates ~10%

• Growth of aggregate is closely tied to housing market than to GDP

4

Data Source: Phoenix Center for Advanced Legal & Economic Public Policy Studies, The Economic Impact of the Natural Aggregate Industry (2017). http://www.phoenix-center.org/scorecards/AggregatesIndustry2017ScorecardFinal.pdf

Scarcity Overview - Sterilization

5

Data Source: Southwick, D.L., Jouseau, M., Meyer, G.N., Mossler, J.H., and Wahl, T.E., 2000, Aggregate resources inventory of the seven-county metropolitan area, Minnesota: Minnesota Geological Survey Information Circular 46, 91 p.)

2.0 - r--(/) c 0 -c 1.5 Q

Deplet1on due to urbanizat1on J }rm - f-

i5 -(/) , 0 Q)

~ -

~ :l 0 (/)

0.5 Q) - -.t.! -~

Q)

(0 0) Q) 0 ~

0) 0) <(

[-0.5

ltlt.~ ii Depletion due to urbamzahon and aggregate demand "--~II

(based on 1950-98 trend) J I I T T T ' ' ' ' '

Year

Figure 17. D plction of the aggregate re ource base for p nod 1Q97-2040. The blue cun·c shows depletion that will occur through lo -.; of aggregate-b aring lands to urbanization; th red cun· '-hO\~ s the total depletion stemming from land los-. plus con umphon of the rc~ource Js projected from the 1950-19 u -rate .cenario. Tiu. con umption model predict thee hau tton of P ourc s in 2034 (Appendix Table E-1)

Scarcity Overview -Sterilization

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494 and France: 1947

Scarcity Overview -Sterilization

7

494 and France: 2015

Scarcity OverviewLand Use Restrictions

10/10/2017 Optional Tagline Goes Here | mn.gov/websiteurl 8

Meeker County

Scarcity OverviewLand Use Restrictions

10/10/2017 Optional Tagline Goes Here | mn.gov/websiteurl 9

Meeker County

Scarcity

• Aggregate resources are a finite natural resources.

• Once plentiful supplies of aggregate resources are diminishing around the state.

• Scarcity is caused by both depletion as well as land use that prohibits mining.

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Natural Scarcity

11

MNDOT CLASSIFICATION OF AGGREGATES:Standard Specification for Construction (2016)

Class DescriptionClass A Crushed rock: quartzite, gneiss, granite, basalt, diabase,

gabbro, and other igneous rock types

Class B Crushed rock carbonates, rhyolite, and schist

Class C Natural or partly crushed gravel from a natural gravel deposit

Class D Mixture of classes

Class R Recycled

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10/10/2017 13

0

Oo

Acm 0

Psq 0

CLASS A CRUSHED STONE QUARRIES

~I ... Grand Rapids •

Detro.! Lakes •

ID • .>.tdoa

Brainerd •

Pcd 0 Pdt

-~andfla "- s..ltCc:n

i.u!d'"'"' 0

l •

II

~ SaintOouCI

oe """"*

Psq 0

Pp

Mont1o

11o .. ulm '0

Psq

0

0

30 60 120

Location of Class A Crushed Stone Quarries Labeled by geologic map unit

Sou<u o.u Cn6Md '"""' """"' .. '""" tho'"'"'-Depi~ 0( Tr-.. ._ Accrt~JIO! SOUrte lnbml.ouon S.,.Unt lAStS) Doolobbe • ofOI/17. · - IYP"' t.etr•IH (rom thoM•Mb- Goolaetul Su"'*'t'l S22 SI.U- Pr.....,btlon lledrod ~ M..,p M•P by M.nnttcU O~R '-11ond M-Illo~

MnDOT Graded Aggregate for Bituminous Mixtures Requirements 3139.2

Ala. CLASS A- The aggregate shall consist of crushed igneous bedrock (specifically basalt, gabbro, granite, rhyolite, diorite, andesite, or rock

from the Sioux quartzite formation)

Table- MGS Rock Type label and Description

MGS~label

Agm Agr Agt Amg Amn Ams

tv'ocv

Mit Mnl Pdt Pgd Pqk

Pgr

Psq

Desalptlon Granite to granod1onte, variolbly magnetic Graniti c Intrusion Tonalite, dlortte and granodiorite Graniti C orthogneiss and rntgmatite

Amphibolitlc to diorltlc qnelss Schist of sedimentary protolith

Chengwatannolcanlcs, prlman~ mafic flows

Troctolite Primarily basalt!< lava n01111s Tonalite Gray granodlorltlc to d1orltic tntruslon

Rockvi lle porphyritic qranite Granite, red to ptnk, variably p«phyritlc, massive Sioux quartzite

St. Cro1x R1v~ Crossing Bndge St1llwater, Mtnnesota

Glacial Drift Covering Bedrock

Overburden

Bedrock

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• Crooluton

rargo·Moornead :~

CLASS B CRUSHED STONE QUARRIES

0

• Bemtdjt

De tr01t Lales .PDJI&p4!

•

10. ,. .... •

~ -,

Willmar •

~tn'ldeo

&koodf"olb

Mars~~aa .

• NewUim

":'jj

Grand Rapids •

,.\;d;n Br.unud •

0 ~uhf" Us

"

---!a•r~ r-~~.- --·------~

~. .

120

0 Location of Class B Crushed Stone Quarries

Sourt2 Oau- Crw.tHHf t.tortr qwrrws. noted M Ofts t frotn ttt~

~Me1.0ta Otpattmet~t ol Ttil1iportat.an Aar~tl Source lnfouna tioo S!'>ttm (ASIS) D.rt•bo~ •• ol 01/17

MnDOT Graded Aggregate for Bituminous M ixtures

Requirements 3139.2 A2a. CLASS B- Crushed rock from other

bedrock sources such as carbonate (limestone) and

metamorphic rocks (schist)

Crushed stone at a limestone quarry

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CLASS C AGGREGATE

GENERAL SAND AND GRAVEL DISTRIBUTION

0 30 60 120

Moles

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D-Cracking Carbonates

Iron Oxides and Carbonates

CONSTRUCTION AGGREGATE QUALITY ISSUES

Iron Oxides and Argillite

0 30 60 120

Mok!s

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Quality

SHALE IRON OXIDES

CHERTS SANDSTONE ARGILLITE

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D-Cracking

Carbonates

Shale and D-Cracking

Iron Oxides and Carbonates

Ma11haH •

CONSTRUCTION AGGREGATE QUALITY ISSUES AND GENERAL SAND AND GRAVEL DISTRIBUTION

Iron Oxides

0-Cracking

Carbonates

0 30 60 120

Factors that determine statewide sand and gravel distribution

Glacial depositional environment

• Presence of aggregate- bearing landforms

Quality Issues

• Texture

• Source of Glacier (Deleterious components)

• Sorting

UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION

Mining as Land Use

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10/10/2017 23Source Data : http://www. mngeo.state .mn.us/land use/

Cast Grand

Forks

..

fargo· Moorhead

MaMoall

.. .. ,

.-

MINNESOTA LAND USE AND COVER

I.iukl'lll:>

sa· tCioud cambridge

Montk.ello e. a ldke

Hutchinson

Gkaa>o

New Ulm Sauul'cur

Mo~~~bco-

Elk Rover

F.aribault

1990s Census

Cloqu<:t. Duluth

Red Win&

• Urban and Rural Development - 2. 7%

D Cultivated Land - 42.1%

D Hay/Pasture/Grassland - 9.2%

D Brushland - 2.5%

D Forested- 26.7%

D Water - 5.9%

D Bog/Marsh/Fen -10.6%

D Mining - 0.3%

wa:ea Owoatonna • ~hester

Wlnonoa

I Albert lea A.JStin 0 30 60

Miles

120

Approximation of Gravel Pit Acreages in Minnesota by DNR Land and Minerals Division in 2008

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DNR AGGREGATERESOURCE MAPPING

DATA

LANDSAT IMAGERY

DATA

Number of counties surveyed

15 Counties 14 Counties

Total number of gravel pits > 5 acres

1,272 792

Total AcresApprox.

17,600 acresApprox.

14,400 acres

Percent of Land Used for Current or Historical Gravel

Mining0.19% 0.075%

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Ea$t

Data Citation: Rampi, lian P; Knight, Joe F; Bauer, Marvin. (2016). Minnesota Land Cover Classification and Impervious Surface Area by Landsat and Lidar: 2013 Update. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota, http:/ /doi.org/10.13020/D6JP4S.

MINNESOTA LAND USE AND COVER

2013 using Landsat and Lidar

H bbma Vlr& nta

Cloqu~;r_ Duluth

Land Use and Cover- 2013

C_ Forests - 36.8%

D Hay and Pasture/Row Crops- 34.7%

CJ Open Water - 6.1%

D Emergent Wetland - 5.2%

- Impervious - (Roads, parking lots, and building rooftops)- 5.9%

- Managed Grass/Natural Grass- 11.2%

Cl Extraction (Pits, quarries, and mines) - 0.10%

0 30 60 120

Mining as Land Use

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• In four different land use surveys, mining only uses ~0.1% of the land

• With a range 0.1 to 0.3%

• In terms of a land use, mining is insignificant in comparison to agriculture and urbanization

Summary

• Aggregate resources are not evenly distributed within the state

• Not all aggregates are the same – the quality of aggregates are unevenly distributed within the state

• Large regions in Minnesota facing scarcity issues:

• Natural scarcity

• Land use restrictions

• Urban/suburban development

• Aggregate mining is a small percent of Minnesota’s land use, access to local aggregates is needed to keep “building” costs down

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The State’s role

• Natural resource issues extend beyond jurisdictional boundaries

• Some aggregate resource deposits have regional significance

• The value of the Aggregate Resource Task Force and the Aggregate Mapping Program is:

• It is the only state support/involvement in aggregate resource management

• Have the perspective to identify statewide trends/issues that impact local governments

• Have the mechanisms to provide technical expertise/information/data that impacts

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Thank you – Questions?

Heather Arends

Mineral Potential Section Manager29