Agenda• Your reading guides will be checked

• How will this be different from other units in terms of assessments

• Get to work

1st Summer Assignment

Pick teams based upon results

Thesis Statement

• What are the three things that a thesis statement needs?• Address the prompt• Pick a side• Categories

Evaluate the extent that Fall Break is better than Spring Break.

American Revolution Review

• Colonial Rights were threatened• Who’s rights specifically?

• Repeal intolerable acts• Organized boycotts & expand military reserves

• 1st Continental Congress • Positives?• No response from England – set a president

Fighting Begins

• Lexington and Concord• Seize armament and arrest rebels in the town• 1st shots in Lexington (The shot heard around the world) – retreated to

Concord and got the win

• Battle for Bunker Hill• Colonist lost, but dealt major casualties on the British• King declares a rebellion and declares war

Advantages for England Advantages for Colonist

• Most powerful army/navy

• Plenty of money

• Plenty supply of recruits

• Leadership

• Unity

• Lived close by

• Leadership

• Understanding of the terrain

Divisions within the countryLoyalist Patriots Neutral

Older, Wealthy, educatedMiddle or Southern

Colonies Benefitted – social,

economic, and political standing

Young New Englanders and

Virginians Volunteered

Various regions (West) Uninterested or

unaffected by the war

Last Battles

• Saratoga – convinced the French to join with the colonies• Valley Forge – Depleted British Troops during the Winter• Yorktown – secured general Cornwallis’s surrender• Treaty of Paris

Treaty of Paris 1763 Treaty of Paris 1783• Ended the French and Indian War• Increased Britain's land holdings• Established Britain as the major

European power in North America

• Ended the Revolutionary War• Increased United States’ land holdings• Established United States as a

sovereign county

Impact of the Enlightenment-emphasis of individual over hereditary

• Thomas Paine• Common Sense – use principals to argue it would be contrary to

common sense to let the British Rule

• John Locke’s theory of natural rights• Social Contract• Government should protect life, liberty, and property

• Montesquieu • Separation of Powers

• Rousseau• Direct democracy – reason over emotion

Big Outcomes in the Constitution

• 3 branches of Government• Executive – President• Judicial – Supreme Court• Legislative

• House of Representatives – based on population• Senate – based on equality

• Executive Decision• Electoral college casts votes

• Three Fifths Compromise• Slaves count as 3/5th of a person when tallying population for HOR

Federalist vs Anti-Federalist

• Federalist – in favor of the constitution and a strong Central Government

• Anti-Federalist – opposed the constitution in favor of State’s Rights

• Virginia was needed to Pass it• Federalist Papers – encouraged a Central

Government and offered reasons and claims to it being able to govern the territory

• Virginia showed up late and didn’t get to vote• Bill of Rights

• Concession to the Anti-Federalist

Rise of the Party System

• Dissensions based on policy such as:

• Foreign Policy with French Revolution (Jay’s Treaty)

• Tax policy on imports (Who wants it who doesn’t?)

• Excise taxes (Whiskey)• National Bank (Jefferson vs.

Hamilton)• where to put the state capitol

Which Party are you going to?

• Supporters of the Washington Administration

• Small Farmers• Immigrants• Established Political Leaders• Elite• Free Communication• The few• Involvement in political affairs

Federalist Republican

Adam’s Presidency

• XYZ affair• Fries Rebellion – southeast

Pennsylvania• Alien And Sedation Acts

• Jefferson – “reign of witches”• Virginia and Kentucky resolutions –

Protect free speech

Marbury vs. Madison• Peaceful transition but still holding onto power• President gets to elect judges

• Adams Midnight Judges – 16 new judges (Judiciary act of 1801)• These would be on the bench for Jefferson administration• Jefferson ordered Sec of State, Madison, to not deliver commissions

• Marbury was one of these judges and sued for his job• John Marshal was the Chief Justice

• If he said yes, he would be ignored. If he said no he would look weak• Ruled that Judiciary Act and writs of mandamus (order forcing Madison to deliver the

commissions) was unconstitutional • Able to say no and make the Judiciary branch stronger

• Established Judicial Review - The Supreme Court could now check the authority of both the legislative and executive branches

Jefferson’s paradoxical Presidency• Viewpoints

• Expansionist, agrarian economy, for the many, State’s rights

Strict ConstitutionalistAnti – Federalist Policies

Weak ConstitutionalistFederalist Policies

• Pardoned those imprisoned by Sedation Acts

• Reduced the number of Govt. Employees

• Reduced the army and navy• Abolished taxes (including

Whiskey)• Paid off part of the National

Debt

• Louisiana Purchase

Gulf of Mexico

Canada

Reasons Jefferson adopts loose Constructionist views

• Louisiana Purchase• Land purchase is not stated in the

constitution• Allocates funds for purchase• Allocates funds for exploration

(Lewis and Clark)• National Bank

• Hamilton’s predictions reign true.

• South and West are his base• What do they want?

Jefferson Combatants

• Burr• 12th amendment added to avoid what happened last election

• Vote for President or Vice President• Bitter he lost • Joined radical Federalist called Essex Junto

• Plotted for New England Succession • Was going to be governor of New York but Hamilton put a stop to that as well.

• John Randolph• Creation of the Quids – Conservative Democratic Republicans• Restrict Fed Govt.• Jefferson was corrupt

Jefferson’s Foreign Relations

• Tripolitan War• Barbary Pirates in the Mediterranean

• Napoleonic Wars• Naval battles & disputes between French and

British caused American merchant ships a great deal of challenges

• Practice of Impressment• Ignoring US neutrality seizing ships, goods, people,

firing upon forts• Response was to boycott

• Embargo Act of 1807 – ban to all foreign ports (Federal Power)

• Ruined US economy and hurt New England and Southern Farmers

• Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 – ban to only England and France

Madison’s Foreign Relations

• Madison wins election and continues Jefferson’s Republicanism• Macon’s Bill No.2

• Trade can resume if France or Britain stop interfering• Napoleon agreed quickly to increase tensions with the British• British continued to attack and impressment increased

• Madison reimposed the embargo with Britain• War Hawks

• Nationalist John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay (Southerners)• Expansionist – Canada and Florida

“Second War of Independence”War of 1812

• Madison asked Congress to declare war against Britain• US was not prepared

• Economy was shot (could not get northern loans)• Military was small• Under trained and poorly equipped

• Easily defeated advancement into Canada

• Britain defeated France in 1814 • Started the invasion – seized Washington DC & burned the White House

Views at home• South and West

• Nationalist • War Hawks

• New England• Hartford Convention 1814-15• Federalist

• Limit President to 1 term• Attempted to eliminate the 3/5ths

compromise• Strengthened the Southern states

• Require 2/3 vote in congress to approve new states, declare the War, enact embargo

“Second War of Independence”War of 1812

• 1813 Americans fended off attacks at Fort McHenry

• Francis Scott Key – Star Spangled Banner

• Also expanding into Indian territory –Jackson (War Hero)

• Treaty of Ghent• Ended in a draw. Nothing was gained by either

side

Lasting Impact• Manufacturing flourished – leading to industrial revolution• Country became more independent• Went toe to toe with a major world power – more independent in

the world market• Neither British nor Indians posed a threat to the territory ever

again• Growing since of nationalism • Rise in Government Participation• The End of the Federalist Party.• “Era of Good Feelings” – Monroe elected President

Latin American Revolutions• European Powers scared of loosing

the Western Hemisphere• Hoped to ally• Alliance would hinder US Expansion

• Monroe Doctrine 1823• European Powers need to stay out of

the Western Hemisphere • Basis of US foreign policy from that

point on• Nonintervention in Latin America and

an end to European Colonization

Pick a Side

Create a thesis statement for your argument

• What three things does every thesis statement need?