agenda nfpa technical committee on fire tests f2017 …...m 1/1/1992 fiz-aaa joe ziolkowski...

AGENDA

NFPA Technical Committee on Fire Tests

F2017 Second Draft and F2018 First Draft Meeting

Jensen Hughes, 3610 Commerce Drive, Suite 817, Baltimore, MD March 21, 2017 – 8:00 am - 5:00 pm March 22, 2017 – 8:00 am -12:00 pm

1. Call to order. Call meeting to order by Chair B. Badders.

2. Introductions. For a current committee roster, see page 2.

3. Meeting Minutes. Approval of F2016 Second Draft-F2017 First Draft meeting minutes. See

page 6.

4. The process. – Staff PowerPoint presentation by T. Vecchiarelli. See page 9.

5. NFPA Second Draft preparation. For Public Comments, see page 29.

a. 259 – 3 comments b. 260 – 15 comments c. 261 – 2 comments d. 270 – 3 comments e. 274 – 0 comments f. 289 – 6 comments g. 290 – 0 comments h. 705 – 1 comments

6. NFPA First Draft preparation. For Public Input, see page 82.

a. 253 – 14 inputs b. 262 – 5 inputs c. 265 – 6 inputs d. 276 – 9 inputs e. 286 – 4 inputs f. 701 – 6 inputs

7. CPSC Comments on NFPA 260, see page 128.

8. NFPA 285 scope discussion. B.Badders

9. NFPA 277 Staff Update. T.Vecchiarelli to provide brief report on the status of the NFPA 277 project.

10. NFPA 252 FPRF Door Gap Study. T. Vecchiarelli

11. Other business.

12. Future meetings.

13. Adjournment. Meeting will adjourn by Noon on March 22nd.

Address List No PhoneFire Tests FIZ-AAA

Tracy L. Vecchiarelli02/21/2017

FIZ-AAA

Barry L. Badders, Jr.

ChairIntertek Testing Services16015 Shady FallsElmendorf, TX 78112-5108Alternate: Karl Dana Houser

RT 04/14/2005FIZ-AAA

Scott W. Adams

PrincipalPark City Fire Service District730 West Bitner RoadPark City, UT 84098International Fire Marshals Association

E 11/2/2006

FIZ-AAA

Farid Alfawakhiri

PrincipalAmerican Iron and Steel Institute380 Cottonwood LaneNaperville, IL 60540-5020Alternate: Robert J. Wills

M 7/28/2006FIZ-AAA

James A. Burns

PrincipalNew York State Department504 Creek RoadPoughkeepsie, NY 12601-1012Firemen's Association of the State of New York

E 03/03/2014

FIZ-AAA

Benjamin H. Caldwell

PrincipalSkidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP14 Wall StreetNew York, NY 10005

SE 08/11/2014FIZ-AAA

Gordon H. Damant

PrincipalInter-City Testing & Consulting Corp. of California3550 Watt Avenue, Suite 6Sacramento, CA 95821

SE 7/20/2000

FIZ-AAA

Rick D. Davis

PrincipalNational Institute of Standards & TechnologyBuilding & Fire Research Laboratory100 Bureau Drive, MS-8665Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8665


Scott E. Dillon

PrincipalCrane Engineering2355 Polaris Lane North, Suite 120Plymouth, MN 55447-4777

SE 03/03/2014

FIZ-AAA

William E. Fitch

PrincipalPhyrefish.com31 SE 5th Street, Suite 3815Miami, FL 33131-2528

SE 1/1/1993FIZ-AAA

Richard G. Gann

Principal100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8665Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8665

SE 7/1/1995

FIZ-AAA

Marcelo M. Hirschler

PrincipalGBH International2 Friar’s LaneMill Valley, CA 94941Alternate: Timothy Earl

SE 4/1/1996FIZ-AAA

Paul A. Hough

PrincipalArmstrong World Industries, Inc.2500 Columbia AvenueLancaster, PA 17603

M 1/16/2003

FIZ-AAA

William E. Koffel

PrincipalKoffel Associates, Inc.8815 Centre Park Drive, Suite 200Columbia, MD 21045-2107Alternate: Erik H. Anderson

SE 4/1/1996FIZ-AAA

Sergei V. Levchik

PrincipalIsrael Chemicals Ltd. (ICL-IP)769 Saw Mill River RoadTarrytown, NY 10591ACC-North American Flame Retardant Alliance

M 08/11/2014

1Agenda - of 129



FIZ-AAA

Richard T. Long, Jr.

PrincipalExponent, Inc.17000 Science Drive, Suite 200Bowie, MD 20715-4427Upholstered Furniture Action CouncilAlternate: Joe Ziolkowski

M 10/18/2011FIZ-AAA

James Andrew Lynch

PrincipalAmped I Research & Development6 Ferndale RoadSeven Valleys, PA 17360-9660Alternate: Justin A. Geiman

SE 04/08/2015

FIZ-AAA

John Martell

PrincipalProfessional Fire Fighters of Maine/IAFF35 Weymouth StreetBrunswick, ME 04011International Association of Fire FightersAlternate: Matthew T. Vinci

L 08/11/2014FIZ-AAA

Rodney A. McPhee

PrincipalCanadian Wood Council99 Bank Street, Suite 400Ottawa, ON K1P 6B9 CanadaAlternate: Ineke Van Zeeland

M 7/17/1998

FIZ-AAA

Kathleen A. Newman

PrincipalFiretect28298 Constellation RoadValencia, CA 91355-5000

M 3/2/2010FIZ-AAA

Arthur J. Parker

PrincipalJENSEN HUGHES3610 Commerce Drive, Suite 817Baltimore, MD 21227-1652Alternate: Jesse J. Beitel

SE 10/4/2001

FIZ-AAA

Jillian Roberts

PrincipalAlaska Fire Marshals Office5700 East Tudor RoadAnchorage, AK 99507

E 08/17/2015FIZ-AAA

Michael L. Savage, Sr.

PrincipalCity of Rio Rancho3200 Civic Center Circle NERio Rancho, NM 87144-4503

E 10/23/2013

FIZ-AAA

Michael Schmeida

PrincipalGypsum Association3730 Sharon-Copley RoadMedina, OH 44256-9778

M 12/08/2015FIZ-AAA

David T. Sheppard

PrincipalUS Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & ExplosivesFire Research Laboratory6000 Ammendale RoadAmmendale, MD 20705Alternate: Stephen Paul Fuss

RT 10/3/2002

FIZ-AAA

Dwayne E. Sloan

PrincipalUL LLC12 Laboratory DrivePO Box 13995Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3995Alternate: Randall K. Laymon

RT 7/28/2006FIZ-AAA

Stanislav I. Stoliarov

PrincipalUniversity of Maryland3104C J. M. Patterson BuildingCollege Park, MD 20742

SE 10/18/2011

2Agenda - of 129



FIZ-AAA

Kuma Sumathipala

PrincipalAmerican Wood Council222 Catoctin Circle, SESuite 201Leesburg, VA 20175-3730Alternate: Sam W. Francis

M 7/24/1997FIZ-AAA

Dong Zeng

PrincipalFM Global1151 Boston-Providence TurnpikeNorwood, MA 02062FM GlobalAlternate: Richard J. Davis

I 11/30/2016

FIZ-AAA

Marc L. Janssens

Voting AlternateSouthwest Research InstituteFire Technology6220 Culebra Road, Building 143San Antonio, TX 78238-5166

RT 1/1/1991FIZ-AAA

Erik H. Anderson

AlternateKoffel Associates, Inc.8815 Centre Park Drive, Suite 200Columbia, MD 21045-2107Principal: William E. Koffel

SE 03/05/2012

FIZ-AAA

Jesse J. Beitel

AlternateJENSEN HUGHES3610 Commerce Drive, Suite 817Baltimore, MD 21227-1652JENSEN HUGHESPrincipal: Arthur J. Parker

SE 1/1/1980FIZ-AAA

Richard J. Davis

AlternateFM Global1151 Boston-Providence TurnpikePO Box 9102Norwood, MA 02062-9102FM GlobalPrincipal: Dong Zeng

I 4/3/2003

FIZ-AAA

Timothy Earl

AlternateGBH International6862 Shallowford WayPortage, MI 49024Principal: Marcelo M. Hirschler

SE 8/9/2011FIZ-AAA

Sam W. Francis

AlternateAmerican Wood Council1 Dutton Farm LaneWest Grove, PA 19390Principal: Kuma Sumathipala

M 7/1/1996

FIZ-AAA

Stephen Paul Fuss

AlternateUS Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & ExplosivesFire Research Laboratory6000 Ammendale RoadAmmendale, MD 20705Principal: David T. Sheppard


Justin A. Geiman

AlternateFire and Risk Alliance LLC7361 Calhoun Place, Suite 690Rockville, MD 20855Principal: James Andrew Lynch

SE 04/08/2015

FIZ-AAA

Karl Dana Houser

AlternateIntertek130 Derry CourtYork, PA 17406Intertek Testing ServicesPrincipal: Barry L. Badders, Jr.


Randall K. Laymon

AlternateUL LLC333 Pfingsten RoadNorthbrook, IL 60062-2096Principal: Dwayne E. Sloan

RT 08/11/2014

3Agenda - of 129



FIZ-AAA

Ineke Van Zeeland

AlternateCanadian Wood Council99 Bank Street, Suite 400Ottawa, ON K1P 6B9 CanadaPrincipal: Rodney A. McPhee

M 10/3/2002FIZ-AAA

Matthew T. Vinci

AlternateInternational Association of Fire Fighters1750 New York Avenue NWWashington, DC 20006-5395Principal: John Martell

L 08/11/2014

FIZ-AAA

Robert J. Wills

AlternateAmerican Iron and Steel Institute907 Spyglass CircleBirmingham, AL 35244-2252Principal: Farid Alfawakhiri

M 1/1/1992FIZ-AAA

Joe Ziolkowski

AlternateAmerican Furniture Manufacturers Association1912 Eastchester Suite 100High Point, NC 27265Upholstered Furniture Action CouncilPrincipal: Richard T. Long, Jr.

M 1/1/1992

FIZ-AAA

Robert H. Barker

Nonvoting MemberAmerican Fiber Manufacturers Association3033 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 700Arlington , VA 22201-3868American Fiber Manufacturers Association

M 1/1/1995FIZ-AAA

Rohit Khanna

Nonvoting MemberUS Consumer Product Safety Commission5 Research PlaceRockville, MD 02085US Consumer Product Safety Commission

C 7/1/1997

FIZ-AAA

Andrew Lock

Alt. to Nonvoting MemberUS Consumer Product Safety Commission5 Research PlaceRockville, MD 20850US Consumer Product Safety Commission

C 04/05/2016FIZ-AAA

Tracy L. Vecchiarelli

Staff LiaisonNational Fire Protection Association1 Batterymarch ParkQuincy, MA 02169-7471

01/04/2010

4Agenda - of 129

MINUTES NFPA Technical Committee on Fire Tests

F2016 Second Draft and F2017 First Draft Meeting March 29, 2016 – York, PA

1. The meeting was called to order by Chair Barry Badders, Jr. at 8:30 AM (ET) on

Monday, March 29, 2016.

2. Self-introductions of committee members and guests were made.

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS PRESENT

NAME

COMPANY

ATTENDED BY

PHONE Barry Badders, Jr., Chair Intertek Testing Services Scott Adams, Principal International Fire Marshals Association X Farid Alfawakhiri, Principal American Iron and Steel Benjamin Caldwell, Principal Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP Gordon Damant, Principal Inter-City Testing & Consulting Corp. of

California

William Fitch, Principal Phyrefish.com X Richard Gann, Principal Marcelo Hirschler, Principal GBH International Paul Hough, Principal Armstrong World Industries, Inc. William Koffel, Principal Koffel Associates X Sergei Levchik, Principal Israel Chemicals Ltd. (ICL-IP)

Rep.: ACC-North American Flame Retardant

X

James Lynch, Principal Amped I Research & Development John Martell, Principal Professional Fire Fighters of Maine, IAFF

Rep.: International Association of Fire Fighters

Arthur Parker, Principal JENSEN HUGHES Kenneth Roberts, Principal ICC Evaluation Services X David Sheppard, Principal US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms Dwayne Sloan, Principal Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Stanislav Stoliarov, Principal University of Maryland Kuma Sumathipala, Principal American Wood Council Robert Wessel, Principal Gypsum Association Jesse Beitel, Alternate to Arthur Parker

JENSEN HUGHES

Richard Davis, Alternate to Mohammed Khan

FM Global X

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Matthew Freeborn, Alternate to Barry Badders, Jr.

Intertek Testing Services

Stephen Paul Fuss, Alternate to David Sheppard

US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives Fire Research Laboratory

Justin Geiman, Alternate to James Andrew Lynch

Fire and Risk Alliance LLC

Michael Schmeida, Alternate to Robert Wessel

Gypsum Association

Ineke Van Zeeland, Alternate to Rodney McPhee

Canadian Wood Council X

Matthew Vinci, Alternate to John Martell

International Association of Fire Fighters

Rohit Khanna, Nonvoting Member

US Consumer Product Safety Commission

Tracy Vecchiarelli, Staff Liaison

National Fire Protection Association

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE PRINCIPAL MEMBERS NOT PRESENT (NOT LISTED WHERE ALTERNATE ATTENDED)

NAME COMPANY James Burns, Principal New York State Department

Rep.: Firemen’s Association of the State of New York

Scott Dillon, Principal Crane Engineering Richard Long, Principal Exponent, Inc.

Rep.: Upholstered Furniture Action Council Kathleen Newman, Principal Firetect Jillian Roberts, Principal Alaska Fire Marshals Office Michael Savage, Sr., Principal City of Rio Rancho Marc Janssens, Voting Alternate Southwest Research Institute

GUESTS PRESENT

NAME COMPANY

Tim Bouvard Pittsburgh Corning Marcos Chaos FM Global Joe Holland Hoover Treated Wood Products Karl Houser Intertek - ATI Marshall Klein Klein & Assoc. (Rep.: NMHC) Andrew Lock U.S. CPSC Shawn Meeks TestFabrics, Inc. Ben Meyer DuPont Jason Smart AWC Robert Solomon National Fire Protection Association Theresa Weston DuPont Andy Williams MCA Jay Fleming PFFM

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3. Approval of March 24, 2015 F2016 (252, 257, 268, 269, 275, 285, 287, 288) First Draft meeting minutes. The previous meeting minutes were approved as submitted.

4. The process – staff PowerPoint presentation. An overview of the first draft/second draft

meeting procedures was provided by T. Vecchiarelli. See the meeting agenda for the PowerPoint slides.

5. NFPA 268 Public Comments – The committee acted on and resolved the public comments. NFPA 269 Public Comments – The committee acted on and resolved the public comments. NFPA 275 Public Comments – The committee acted on and resolved the public comments. NFPA 257 Public Comments – The committee acted on and resolved the public comments. NFPA 288 Public Comments – No Comments received. NFPA 252 Public Comments – The committee acted on and resolved the public comments. NFPA 287 Public Comments – No Comments received. NFPA 285 Public Comments – The committee acted on and resolved the public comments.

6. NFPA 259 Public Inputs – The committee acted on and resolved the public inputs.

NFPA 261 Public Inputs – The committee acted on and resolved the public inputs. NFPA 270 Public Inputs – The committee acted on and resolved the public inputs. NFPA 274 Public Inputs – The committee acted on and resolved the public inputs. NFPA 289 Public Inputs – The committee acted on and resolved the public inputs. NFPA 290 Public Inputs – The committee acted on and resolved the public inputs. NFPA 705 Public Inputs – The committee acted on and resolved the public inputs. NFPA 260 Public Inputs – The committee acted on and resolved the public inputs.

7. Task Groups. Three task groups were established with goals of preparing material for the second draft meeting.

a. NFPA 285 Task Group-To develop annex on joint locations i. Art Parker (chair), Dwayne Sloan, Ben Caldwell, Jesse Beitel, Kuma

Sumathipala, Bill Fitch, Barry Badders, Andy Williams b. Christmas Tree Task Group-To develop conditioning requirements for natural

seasonal trees. i. Marcelo Hirschler (chair), Dwayne Sloan, Stanislav Stoliarov, Andy Lynch,

Dave Sheppard c. NFPA 260 Task Group- To review mass loss/char length Public Input from CPSC.

i. Marcelo Hirschler, Andrew Lock

8. NFPA 277 Task Group Report. G. Damant provided a brief update on the current progress and future plan for the Main Task Group. The Main Task Group has been working on putting together a draft of NFPA 277 and a draft of a background/methodology document. The TC Chair and Staff Liaison shared the plan for involving the Secondary Task Group once the Main Task Group is comfortable with their development with the draft.

9. Review of the Fire Test Document Revision Cycles.

10. Other business. Comments were heard on fire retardant chemicals and the new proposed test method, NFPA 277.

11. Future meetings. The next meeting is tentatively scheduled for March 21-22 (half day) in

Baltimore.

12. Adjournment. The meeting adjourned at 5:00 PM on Monday, March 29, 2016.

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F17 Second Draft &

F18 First Draft Meeting

Fire TestsMarch 21-22, 2017| Staff liaison: Tracy Vecchiarelli: | Chair: Barry Badders

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NFPA Second Draft Meeting

At this and all NFPA committee meetings we are concerned with your safety.

If the fire alarm sounds, please proceed to an exit.

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Reminders

Update your contact information Recording of the meeting is prohibited Declare your interests Robert’s Rules of Order

Call the Question

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Committee Breakdown

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NFPA Second Draft Schedule

Comment Stage (Second Draft):

Public Comment Closing Date: 11-17-2016Second Draft Meeting todayPosting of Second Draft for Balloting Date 6/29/17

Tech Session Preparation:

NITMAM Closing Date: 8/31/2017NFPA Annual Meeting: 6/4-7/2018

Standards Council Issuance:

2018 edition date

Timeline F17

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Second Draft Actions

Resolve Public CommentsCreate Second Revisions

Motion through the Chair – requires secondSimple majority voting during the meeting

Technical Committee Actions:

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Second Draft- New Material

• No “new material” after the Public Input Stage since it hasn’t had the benefit of public review.

• What constitutes new material is decided by the TC or Correlating Committee.

• Adding “new material” at this Comments stage could successfully be challenged through appeal to the NFPA Standards Council

New material

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First Draft Schedule

Public Input Stage (First Draft):

Ballot Posting: August 2017First Draft Report: September 2017

Comment Stage (Second Draft):

Public Comment Closing Date: 11/16/2017Second Draft Meeting Dec-May/2018

Tech Session Preparation:

NITMAM Closing Date: 8/30/2018NFPA Annual Meeting: 6/20/2019Standards Council Issuance:

2019 edition date

Timeline F18

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First Draft Actions

• Create First Revisions (new material or based on Public Input)

• Resolve Public Inputs• Create Committee Inputs

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Legal

It is the policy of the NFPA to strictly comply with state and federal antitrust laws.

NFPA expects all participants in its standards development activities to conduct themselves in strict accordance with these laws.

It is the obligation of each participant to read and understand NFPA’s Antitrust Policy. (You can access this policy at nfpa.org/regs.)

Antitrust Matters

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Legal

Participants must avoid any conduct, conversation or agreement that would constitute an unreasonable restraint of trade.

Conversation topics that are off limits include:• Profit, margin, or cost data;• Prices, rates, or fees;• Selection, division or allocation of sales territories, markets or

customers;• Refusal to deal with a specific business entity.

Antitrust Matters (cont’d)

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Legal

NFPA’s standards development activities are based on openness, honesty, fairness and balance.

Participants must adhere to the Regulations Governing

the Development of NFPA Standards and the Guide for

the Conduct of Participants in the NFPA Standards

Development Process. (You can access the Regulations

and Guide at nfpa.org/regs.) Follow guidance and direction from your employer or other

organization you may represent. Be sure to ask questions if you have them.


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Legal

Manner is which standards development activity is conducted can be important.

The Guide requires standards development activity to be conducted with openness, honesty and in good faith.

Participants are not entitled to speak on behalf of NFPA. Participants must take appropriate steps to ensure their

statements whether written or oral and regardless of the setting, are portrayed as personal opinions, not the position of NFPA.

Be sure to ask questions if you have them.


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Legal

Disclosures of essential patent claims should be made by the patent holder.

Patent disclosures should be made early in the process. Others may also notify NFPA if they believe that a

proposed or existing NFPA standard includes an essential patent claim.

NFPA has adopted and follows ANSI’s Patent Policy. It is the obligation of each participant to read and

understand NFPA’s Patent Policy. (You can access this policy at nfpa.org/regs.)

Patents

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TC Struggles with an Issue

• TC needs data on a new technology or emerging issue

• Two opposing views on an issue with no real data

• Data presented is not trusted by committee

Code Fund Lends a Hand

• TC rep and/or staff liaison submits a Code Fund Request

• Requests are reviewed by a Panel and chosen based on need / feasibility

Research Project Carried Out

• Funding for project is provided by the Code Fund and/or industry sponsors

• Project is completed and data is available to TC

www.nfpa.org/codefundAgenda - of 129

http://www.nfpa.org/codefund

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Public Comment No. 1-NFPA 259-2016 [ Section No. D.1.1 ]

D.1.1 NFPA Publications.

National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.

NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2016 edition.

NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems , 2018 edition.

NFPA 101 ®, Life Safety Code ®, 2018 edition.

NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile or Expanded Vinyl Wall Coveringson Full Height Panels and Walls, 2015 edition.

NFPA 286, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Contribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth, 2015edition.

NFPA 289, Standard Method of Fire Test for Individual Fuel Packages, 2018 edition.

NFPA 5000 ®, Building Construction and Safety Code ®, 2018 edition.

The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 3rd edition, 2002, p. A-41–A-42, Table C.4.

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Comment

The SFPE is no longer published by NFPA. I new comment will be made to place the SFPE Handbook under SFPE Documents.

Related Public Comments for This Document

Related Comment Relationship

Public Comment No. 2-NFPA 259-2016 [New Section after D.1.2]

Related Item

First Revision No. 4-NFPA 259-2016 [Section No. D.1.1]

Submitter Information Verification

Submitter Full Name: Chris Jelenewicz

Organization: SFPE

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Fri Oct 28 13:36:45 EDT 2016

National Fire Protection Association Report http://submittals.nfpa.org/TerraViewWeb/ContentFetcher?commentPara...

1 of 3 11/18/2016 9:42 AM

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Public Comment No. 2-NFPA 259-2016 [ New Section after D.1.2 ]

SFPE Publications

Society of Fire Protection Engineers, 9711 Washingronian Blvd, Suite 380, Gaitehrsburg, MD 20878

The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th edition, 2015, pp. 3448-3449, Table A.32


SFPE Handbook is now published by SFPE



Public Comment No. 1-NFPA 259-2016 [Section No. D.1.1]

Related Item

First Revision No. 4-NFPA 259-2016 [Section No. D.1.1]



Organization: SFPE

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Fri Oct 28 13:57:19 EDT 2016


2 of 3 11/18/2016 9:42 AM

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Public Comment No. 3-NFPA 259-2016 [ Section No. D.1.2.1 ]

D.1.2.1 ASTM Publications.

ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2016.

ASTM E906/E906M, Standard Method of Test for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using aThermopile Method, 2014.

ASTM E1354, Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an OxygenConsumption Calorimeter (Cone Calorimeter),2016 2016a .

ASTM E1474, Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components orComposites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter, 2014.

ASTM E1537, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Seating Furniture, 2015.

ASTM E1590, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses, 2013 2016 .

ASTM E1822, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs, 2013.

ASTM E2965, Standard Test Method for Determination of Low Levels of Heat Release Rate for Materials and Products Using anOxygen Consumption Calorimeter, 2016 2016a .

Gross, D., and M. G. Natrella, “Interlaboratory Comparison of the Potential Heat Test Method,” in ASTM STP 464, Fire TestPerformance, 1970, pp. 127–152.

Loftus, J. J., D. Gross, and A. F. Robertson. “Potential Heat, a Method for Measuring the Heat Release of Materials in Building Fires,”ASTM Proceedings, Vol. 61, 1961, pp. 1336–1348.

Parker, W. J., and M. E. Long. “Development of a Heat Release Rate Calorimeter at NBS,” in ASTM STP 502, Ignition, Heat Releaseand Noncombustibility of Materials, 1972, pp. 135–151.

Robertson, A. F. “Test Method Categorization and Fire Hazard Standards,” ASTM Standardization News, Nov. 1975, pp. 18–20.


date updates

Related Item

First Revision No. 5-NFPA 259-2016 [Section No. D.1.2.1]


Submitter Full Name: Marcelo Hirschler

Organization: Gbh International

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Wed Nov 09 18:22:48 EST 2016


3 of 3 11/18/2016 9:42 AM

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Public Comment No. 13-NFPA 260-2016 [ Global Input ]

Proposed Modification of the Mini-mock-up Apparatus in NFPA 260

The current test apparatus in NFPA 260 should be modified to allow access to air from below and behind the upholsterysurfaces for better prediction of sustained smoldering in real furniture.

Additional Proposed Changes

File Name Description Approved

MiniMockup-Final.pdf


The current test apparatus in NFPA 260 should be modified to allow access to air from below and behind the upholstery surfaces for better prediction of sustained smoldering in real furniture (see attached file)

Related Item

First Revision No. 8-NFPA 260-2016 [Section No. 4.11]


Submitter Full Name: mauro zammarano

Organization: [ Not Specified ]

Street Address:

City:

State:

Zip:

Submittal Date: Thu Nov 17 13:51:26 EST 2016


1 of 24 11/18/2016 9:55 AM

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Proposed Modification of the Mini-mock-up Apparatus in NFPA 260

Mauro Zammarano; 11/17/2016 The current test apparatus in NFPA 260 should be modified to allow access to air from below and behind the upholstery surfaces for better prediction of sustained smoldering in real furniture. Data collected by NIST showed that the use of the current mini-mock-up tester yields results that do not correlate with tests on real-scale because for many material combinations it systematically under-represents smoldering ignitions in real-scale upholstered furniture mock-ups.1 With certain combinations of upholstery materials, no ignition was observed with the current mini-mock-up tester, but more than 50 % ignitions were observed for real-scale mock-ups. A report by the State of California's Bureau of Home Furnishings showed similar results: about 40 % to 70 % of the upholstery materials that ignited in actual furniture did not ignite with the mini-mockup-up tester.2 Consumer Product Safety Commission observed a similar trend.3 NIST data show that free air access to the back surfaces of the filling/padding is required to better replicate smoldering ignition in real furniture. Smoldering induces convective air flow through the foam-fabric assembly. In turn, such convective air flow promotes smoldering by increasing the entering supply of oxygen to the spreading smoldering front.4 NIST modified the mini-mock-up as shown in Figure 1 to substantially increase the mock-up surface area available for air access.5 A metal wire mesh was used to separate the padding/filling material from the mini-mockup plywood support, the cover fabric was reduced in size to allow freer air flow from the bottom and back of the padding/filling material, and the thickness of the padding/filling material was increased from 50 mm to 76 mm. The plywood surfaces of the current mini-mock-up tester are not permeable to air and effectively block air flow into the mock-up at locations where they are in contact with the mock-up surfaces. As evident in Figure 1A, a large fraction of the surface area of the mock-up is obstructed by the mock-up holder. Due to the reduced availability of oxygen in the partially blocked configuration, the smoldering rate is suppressed compared to that which would be expected in a more open configuration. This airflow suppression is particularly severe due to the relatively small thickness of the foam used in the test (50 mm). After the full-length burn of the cigarette

1 M. Zammarano, Factors Affecting Smoldering Propensity in Bench-Scale Test Methods, presentation at ASTM E05, TAMPA, August 2015. Manuscript in preparation 2 Correlation Study of Small Scale Furniture Mockup-up Smoldering Tests to Full Scale Cigarette Tests, Gordon H. Damant, Bureau of Home Furnishings State of California, May 31, 1987. Available also as Section 1 in: http://www.nist.gov/el/fire_research/upload/TSG_7_Damant.pdf 3 Upholstered furniture memoranda U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD (2012). Available at: www.cpsc.gov/PageFiles/129840/ufmemos.pdf 4 M.Zammarano, S.Matko, R.D. Davis, NIST Technical Note 1799 - Impact of Test and Foam Design on Smoldering, May 2013 5 M. Zammarano, S. Matko, W.M. Pitts, D.M. Fox, R.D. Davis, Towards a reference polyurethane foam and bench scale test for assessing smoldering in upholstered furniture, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Volume 106, August 2014, 97–107

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http://www.cpsc.gov/PageFiles/129840/ufmemos.pdf

(35 min from the test start), the value of mass loss measured for the mock-up up with free air flow was about 5 times the value measured for the mockup with the current mini-mockup tester.1,5 In actual furniture, such airflow suppression is negligible. In fact, an informal survey of residential furniture suggests that the foam is typically sitting on open substrates (e.g., slats, permeable fabrics, etc.) and the foam is typically thicker than 50 mm.

Figure 1 Schematic side view of the Mini-Mock-Up (A) vs NIST modified Mini-Mock-Up

(B).

Cover fabric

Cigarette Sheeting material

Filling/padding

Movable carriage

A

51 mm

Base

Movable carriage

76 mm

Sheeting material

Cover fabric

Cigarette

Filling/padding

12 mm

Wire mesh B

Base

Agenda - of 129

NIST data showed that the modified mini-mock-up provided results for the likelihood of smoldering ignition that were much more consistent with real-scale experiments, even for border-line smoldering upholstery materials that ignited in the real scale test but did not ignite with the current mini-mock-up.1 Furthermore, dynamic temperatures measured for the smoldering foam and fabric in the modified mini-mock-up closely resembled the temperatures observed in real-scale tests. These temperatures were significantly higher (in the order of 100 C) than the ones measured during tests using the current mini-mockup tester, promoting a faster smoldering rate. In summary, NIST data indicate that the modified mini-mock-up is more realistic and improves the classification of upholstery materials in terms of likelihood of sustained smoldering in actual furniture. The following paragraphs need to be modified to account for the introduction of the metal wire mesh and the change in size for cover fabric and padding/filling material: 4.1.2 The base shall consist of two wooden panels, each nominally 203 mm × 203 mm with nominal 19 mm thickness, joined together at one edge. It shall support a vertical wire mesh, nominally 203 mm × 203 mm, on the vertical support panel and a horizontal wire mesh, nominally 203 mm × 76 mm, on the horizontal panel. Each wire mesh shall be located at a distance of 13 mm from the respective panels of the base. 4.1.4 The platform shall be 38 mm above the floor of the base and shall have a 32 mm lip at the front edge. It shall support a nominally 125 mm × 203 mm wire mesh. The wire mesh shall be located 13 mm above the platform.

5.2.1 Three 203 mm × 203 mm specimens shall be cut from the material to be tested for horizontal panels, and three 203 mm × 381 203 mm specimens shall be cut for vertical panels. 5.5.1 Three 203 mm × 127 mm × 51 76 mm specimens shall be cut for the horizontal panels, and three 203 mm × 203 mm × 51 76 mm specimens shall be cut for the vertical panels. 5.7 Barrier Materials Specimen. Three 203 mm × 203 mm specimens shall be cut for horizontal panels from the material to be tested, and three 203 mm × 381 203 mm specimens shall be cut for vertical panels. 6.1.1 For horizontal panels, the 203 mm × 280 203 mm cover fabric specimen shall be placed on a 203 mm × 127 mm × 51 76 mm polyurethane foam substrate, using pins in the ends of the fabric specimen to hold it in place, as shown in Figure 6.1.1. 6.1.2 For vertical panels, the 203 mm × 432 203 mm fabric specimen shall be placed on a 203 mm × 203 mm × 76 mm polyurethane foam substrate as shown in Figure 6.1.1. 6.1.2.1 The fabric shall overlap the top and bottom of the substrate and be pinned into place on the corners.

Agenda - of 129

6.2.1 For horizontal panels, the 203 mm × 280 203 mm piece of interior fabric and the 203 mm × 280 203 mm standard Type I cover fabric shall be placed with the interior fabric against the polyurethane foam substrate, using pins in the ends of the fabric specimens to hold them in place, as shown in Figure 6.2.1. Figure 6.2.1 Interior Fabric Test Method. 6.2.2 For vertical panels, 203 mm × 432 203 mm standard Type I cover fabric shall be placed on a 203 mm × 203 mm × 76 mm polyurethane foam substrate as shown in Figure 6.2.1. 6.2.2.1 The fabric shall overlap the top and bottom of the substrate and shall be pinned into place at the corners.

Agenda - of 129


The use of a draft enclosure is an important factor in ensuring test reproducibility. The test procedures shall require the useof a draft enclosure.

(see attached document)



Enclosure-Final.pdf


In general, the smoldering rate and occurrence of sustained smoldering are sensitive to the air flow at the smoldering surface.

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First Revision No. 9-NFPA 260-2016 [Section No. A.4.9]




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2 of 24 11/18/2016 9:55 AM

Agenda - of 129

Proposal Regarding the Draft Enclosure in NFPA 260

Mauro Zammarano; 11/17/2016 The use of a draft enclosure is an important factor in ensuring test reproducibility. The test procedures in Chapter 6 need to be modified to include the placement and removal of the mini-mock-ups from the enclosure during testing. In general, the smoldering rate and occurrence of sustained smoldering are sensitive to the air flow at the smoldering surface and/or oxygen concentration (if, for instance, oxygen were depleted during testing within an enclosure). For the testing in NFPA 260, there is evidence to support this.

CPSC results indicate that the smoldering mass loss rate significantly increased (roughly by about 50 % for samples that developed sustained smoldering) when the draft enclosure was removed and the air flow velocity in the hood was on the order of 6 m/min.1 This is counter to the finding in Annex A Section 4.9 in the first draft report (i.e., an enclosure is not required and not using an enclosure is more realistic). Note that such a velocity is significantly higher than typical air flow velocities in rooms within typical residential buildings.

NIST has investigated the smoldering behavior of mock-ups for cases with and without an enclosure. For these experiments, the enclosure specified in the standard was replaced with a modified enclosure (Figure 1) designed to allow improved access to air and thus limit any effects of vitiation on the smoldering mass loss. Similar to the conclusions from “Evaluation of the Draft-Limiting Enclosure Specified in the Smoldering Ignition Test Method”, the results showed significant increases in smoldering mass loss at 45 min (roughly 100 %) when the enclosure was not in place. For these experiments the external air flow velocity was approximately 24 m/min. These findings provide additional evidence for the strong effect of surface air flow on mock-up smoldering behavior and for protecting the test specimen from variations in the surface air flow.

Currently, there are no data demonstrating substantial oxygen depletion within the enclosure and an effect of vitiation on NFPA 260 classification (oxygen depletion is likely to occur only for smoldering prone materials that already fail the test due to obvious ignition), and even then, it is possible to minimize oxygen depletion by increasing the openings for fresh air intake (see Figure 1).

1 “Evaluation of the Draft-Limiting Enclosure Specified in the Smoldering Ignition Test Method,” Consumer Product Safety Commission, November 2006.

Agenda - of 129

Figure 1. Schematic of the NIST modified enclosure (one sample per enclosure). Gas flow out and fresh air intake is allowed by openings on the lid and sides of the enclosure.

Not using a draft enclosure introduce a major source of uncertainty into the test procedure. Local air flow velocities will likely vary substantially from test facility to test facility unless they are carefully controlled and specified. Based on the results discussed in the above paragraph, the air flow velocity limit of 15.2 m/min in 4.9.1 is insufficient. If the use of a draft enclosure is removed from NFPA 260, an interlaboratory study is needed to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of test results with and without the test enclosure. Reducing the maximum allowed air flow velocity to significantly below 6 m/min requires a costly measurement probe and the addition of a protocol for placement and orientation of the probe. Furthermore, low values of air flows promote smoke release into the test room and personal protective equipment should be used in the test room.1

In summary, a draft enclosure is the easiest and most convenient way to achieve a controlled and reproducible air flow velocity. The enclosure avoids the difficult and costly task of achieving consistent air flow velocities and room drafts that can vary over time in a single test facility and among multiple test facilities.

Hinged door for

mini-mock-up

placement and

removal

Agenda - of 129

The following paragraphs need to be added in the test procedure section in Chapter 6 to include the placement and removal of the mini-mock-ups from the enclosure2 during testing.

6.1.7.2

The three test assemblies and mini-mock-up tester shall be placed and kept inside the draft enclosure for the duration of the test.

6.2.7.2


6.3.7.2


6.4.6.2


6.5.5.1


6.6.6.2


2 The current enclosure (Annex A Section 4.9) could be easily modified by introducing a pivoted front panel for convenient access to the mini-mock-ups without the need to lift the enclosure.

Agenda - of 129


Current vertical char length criterion should be replaced by one requiring the opening of the mockup for confirmation of theabsence or presence of sustained smoldering.

(see attachment)



Pass_Fail_Criteria_-Final.pdf


Vertical char length is not a good indicator of smoldering propensity in upholstery materials

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3 of 24 11/18/2016 9:55 AM

Agenda - of 129

Proposed Pass/Fail Criterion for Sustained Smoldering in NFPA 260

Mauro Zammarano; 11/17/2016 Current vertical char length criterion should be replaced by one requiring the opening of the mockup for confirmation of the absence or presence of sustained smoldering. Data collected by NIST showed that the vertical char length is not a good indicator for whether or not sustained smoldering develops in upholstery materials during mock-up experiments.1 The correlation between vertical char length and smoldering in the padding/filling material was weak (coefficient of determination R2 0.2). Much better predictors (R2 0.8) (e.g., charred area on the fabric or mass loss of the mockup) could be used. Of more importance, smoldering in the crevice can occur without signs of obvious ignition (i.e., no visible smoke) and with negligible values of vertical char length (well below 38 mm) after full-length combustion of the cigarette. Mass loss values of the foam were also well below 10 %.1 According to NFPA 260, these upholstery materials are currently classified as Class I; however, when tested in real-scale mockups, smoldering ignition and transition to flaming was observed in the large majority of tests. 2 In short, the vertical char length and obvious ignition criteria missed cases when sustained smoldering was present and transition to flaming occurred.

Based on these experimental observations, the criterion based on vertical char length should be replaced with one that verifies the presence or absence of smoldering in the crevice after full-length combustion of the cigarette when no signs of obvious smoldering ignition are observed. This can be accomplished by separating the vertical panel from the horizontal panel of the mini-mock-up assembly. In fact, the sudden increase in oxygen availability in the crevice promotes smoldering and facilitates the detection of combustion by observation of visible glowing and/or smoke generation. The following paragraphs need to be modified in the test procedure section. 6.1.10 If no obvious ignition occurs, the char on the vertical panel measured from the original crevice position to the highest part of the destroyed or degraded interior fabric shall be recorded to the nearest 2.5 mm. separate the vertical panel from the horizontal panel by sliding out the carriage on the base rail. 6.1.10.1 Open the mock-up and visually inspect the interior surfaces of the panels that formed the mock-up crevice in contact with the cigarette. Record the presence of any glowing and/or smoke generation.

1 Mass loss of the foam was measured after removing the char from the residual foam. 2 Data presented at ASTM E05, TAMPA, August 2015. Manuscript in preparation.

Agenda - of 129

The original crevice position shall be determined by laying a straightedge or ruler between the two marks required by 6.2.4 on the vertical panel. 6.1.10.2 A black non-flammable panel behind the potential smoldering materials shall be used as background to facilitate the detection of smoke. The highest point of destroyed or degraded fabric shall be defined as the highest point at which any of the fabric is charred from front to back. 6.2.10 If no obvious ignition occurs, the char on the vertical panel measured from the original crevice position to the highest part of the destroyed or degraded interior fabric shall be recorded to the nearest 2.5 mm. separate the vertical panel from the horizontal panel by sliding out the carriage on the base rail. 6.2.10.1 Facing the sides of the panels that were previously in contact with the cigarette, record the presence of glowing and smoke generation. The original crevice position shall be determined by laying a straightedge or ruler between the two marks required by 6.2.4 on the vertical panel. 6.2.10.2 A well-lit black panel shall be used as background to facilitate the observation of smoke. The highest point of destroyed or degraded fabric shall be defined as the highest point at which any of the fabric is charred from front to back. 6.3.10 If no obvious ignition occurs, the char on the vertical panel measured from the original crevice position to the highest part of the destroyed or degraded interior fabric shall be recorded to the nearest 2.5 mm. separate the vertical panel from the horizontal panel by sliding out the carriage on the base rail. 6.3.10.1 Facing the sides of the panels that were previously in contact with the cigarette, record the presence of glowing and smoke generation. The top of the original welt position shall be determined by laying a straightedge or ruler between the two marks required by 6.3.4 on the edges of the vertical panel. 6.3.10.2 A black non-flammable panel behind the potential smoldering materials shall be used as background to facilitate the detection of smoke. The highest point of destroyed or degraded fabric shall be defined as the highest point at which any of the fabric is charred from front to back. 6.4.9 If no obvious ignition occurs, the char on the vertical panel measured from the original crevice position to the highest part of the destroyed or degraded fabric shall be separate the vertical panel from the horizontal panel by sliding out the carriage on the base rail. 6.4.9.1

Agenda - of 129

Facing the sides of the panels that were previously in contact with the cigarette, record the presence of glowing and smoke generation. The original crevice position shall be determined by laying a straightedge or ruler between the two marks required by 6.4.3 on the edges of the vertical panel. 6.4.9.2 A black non-flammable panel behind the potential smoldering materials shall be used as background to facilitate the detection of smoke. 6. 6.6.9 If no obvious ignition occurs, the char on the vertical panel measured from the original crevice position to the highest part of the destroyed or degraded fabric shall be recorded to the nearest 2.5 mm. separate the vertical panel from the horizontal panel by sliding out the carriage on the base rail. 6.6.9.1 Facing the sides of the panels that were previously in contact with the cigarette, record the presence of glowing and smoke generation. The original crevice position shall be determined by laying a straightedge or ruler between the two marks required by 6.6.3 on the edges of the vertical panel. 6.6.9.2 A black non-flammable panel behind the potential smoldering materials shall be used as background to facilitate the detection of smoke. The highest point of destroyed or degraded fabric shall be defined as the highest point at which any of the fabric is charred from front to back.

7.2.1.2 The vertical char on any of the three specimens shall not exceed 45 mm. Neither glowing or smoke generation are recorded on the surface of the vertical or horizontal panel according to the procedure of 6.1.10, 6.1.10.1 and 6.1.10.2.

7.3.1.2 Neither glowing or smoke generation are recorded on the surface of the vertical or horizontal panel according to the procedure of 6.2.10, 6.2.10.1 and 6.2.10.2. The vertical char on the cover fabric of any of the three specimens shall not exceed 38 mm.

7.4.1.2 Neither glowing or smoke generation are recorded on the surface of the vertical or horizontal panel according to the procedure of 6.3.10, 6.3.10.1 and 6.3.10.2. When measured from the top of the original welt position, the vertical char on the cover fabric shall not exceed 38 mm for any of three replicated tests.

7.5.1.2 Neither glowing or smoke generation are recorded on the surface of the vertical or horizontal panel according to the procedure of 6.4.9, 6.4.9.1 and 6.4.9.2. When measured from the original crevice position, the vertical char length on the cover fabric shall not exceed 38 mm for any of three replicated tests.

Agenda - of 129

7.7.2.2 Neither glowing or smoke generation are recorded on the surface of the vertical or horizontal panel according to the procedure of 6.6.9, 6.6.9.1 and 6.6.9.2. When measured from the original crevice position, the vertical char length on the cover fabric shall not exceed 51 mm for any of three replicated tests.

Agenda - of 129

Public Comment No. 1-NFPA 260-2016 [ Section No. 1.5 ]

1.5* Precision.

A repeatability and reproducibility study was conducted on the test methods of NFPA 261 260 .


Typo - precision statement refers to NFPA 260.

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First Revision No. 2-NFPA 260-2016 [New Section after 1.4.6]




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Submittal Date: Tue Oct 11 17:36:32 EDT 2016


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Agenda - of 129

Public Comment No. 12-NFPA 260-2016 [ Chapter 4 ]

Chapter 4 Test Apparatus

4.1 Mini-Mock-Up Tester.

4.1.1

The mini-mock-up tester shall consist of a base with a centrally located guide and a stationary vertical panel, a movable horizontalcarriage, and a removable vertical support panel as shown in Figure 4.1.1.

Figure 4.1.1 Mini-Mock-Up Tester.

4.1.2

The base shall consist of two wooden panels, each nominally 203 mm × 203 mm with nominal 19 mm thickness, joined together atone edge.

4.1.3

The carriage shall have a 125 mm × 203 mm platform to support a horizontal specimen.

4.1.4

The platform shall be 38 mm above the floor of the base and shall have a 32 mm lip at the front edge.

4.1.5

The carriage shall be grooved to fit over a guide provided on the floor of the base.

4.1.6

The removable vertical support panel shall consist of a wooden panel of nominal 203 mm × 203 mm area and nominal 19 mmthickness, which stands against the vertical wall of the base.

4.2 Decking Materials Tester.

4.2.1

The decking materials tester shall consist of a plywood base and a plywood retainer ring.

4.2.2

The base shall measure 533 mm × 343 mm × 13 mm.


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Agenda - of 129

4.2.3

The retainer ring shall measure 533 mm × 343 mm × 13 mm, with an opening measuring 406 mm × 216 mm as shown in Figure4.2.3.

Figure 4.2.3 Decking Materials Tester.

4.3* Ignition Source.

The ignition source for the test shall be SRM 1196 cigarettes without filter tips made from natural tobacco, 83 mm ± 2 mm long, with a

tobacco packing density of 0.270 g/cm3 ± 0.020 g/cm3, and a total weight of 1.1 g ± 0.1 g.

4.4 Standard Type I Cover Fabric.

4.4.1

Standard Type I cover fabric shall be 100 percent cotton mattress ticking conforming to Federal Specification CCC.C.436.D, Cloth,Ticking, Twill, Cotton: Type I.

4.4.2

Standard Type I cover fabric shall be laundered and tumble-dried once before use.

4.5* Standard Type II Cover Fabric.

Standard Type II cover fabric shall be UFAC Type II, 100 percent bright, regular rayon, scoured, 20/2, ring-spun, basket-weave

construction, 271 g/m2 ± 12 g/m2, undyed, and shall not be treated with any flame-retardant finishes, whiteners, or back coating.

4.6 Sheeting Material.

4.6.1

Sheeting material shall be cotton bed sheeting weighing 125 g/m2 ± 28 g/m2 and white in color and shall not be treated with flameretardants.

4.6.2

For testing, the fabric shall be cut into squares of 127 mm × 127 mm.

4.6.3

If 100 percent cotton sheeting is unavailable, a 50/50 blend of cotton/polyester conforming to the other specifications (weight, color,and untreated) shall be permitted to be used.

4.7 Polyurethane Foam Substrate.

The polyurethane foam substrate shall be an open-celled, polyether-type, urethane UFAC foam having a density of 20 kg/m3 to

25 kg/m3 and containing no inorganic fillers and shall not be treated with flame retardants.

4.8 Miscellaneous.

Other apparatus needed to carry out the testing shall include straight pins, a staple gun, a knife or scissors, tongs, and a linear scalegraduated in millimeter divisions.

4.9* Air Velocity.

4.9.1

The air velocity across the test assemblies shall be maintained below 15.2 m/min (which is virtually the velocity of natural convectioncreated by the burning cigarette) in order to minimize localized effects from draft superheating of cigarette embers.


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Agenda - of 129

4.9.2

The smoke plume from the burning cigarette shall be visibly vertical and shall be a minimum of 152 mm in height.

4.10 Extinguishing Equipment.

4.10.1

A pressurized water fire extinguisher or other fire-extinguishing equipment shall be immediately available.

4.10.2

A water bottle fitted with a spray nozzle shall be provided to extinguish any ignited portions of the test specimen.

4.10.3

A bucket of water shall be provided for immersing smoldering or burning materials removed from the tester.

4.10.4

Tongs shall be provided for handling smoldering materials prior to immersion.

4.10.5

Gloves and breathing apparatus also shall be provided for handling smoldering or burning materials.

4.11 Draft Enclosure. A draft-preventive enclosure constructed in accordance with Figure 4.11 shall be provided to restrict airflow.

(Also reinstate deleted Figure 4.11)


Work conducted by Mauro Zammarano and other researchers at NIST suggests that the use of the draft enclosure provides better precision. Moreover, the data obtained in earlier tests will be more comparable with those in future tests.

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Submittal Date: Thu Nov 03 01:40:01 EDT 2016


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Agenda - of 129

Public Comment No. 4-NFPA 260-2016 [ Section No. 5.1.1 ]

5.1.1

All test upholstery fabrics and test materials, including cigarettes and sheeting material, shall be conditioned at a temperature of 21°C± 2.8°C and a relative humidity of less than 65 percent for at least 4 hours prior to testing.

5.1.1.1 The mass of each of the filling and padding test materials shall be measured after conditioning and prior to mock-upconstruction.

5.1.1.2 The initial mass of the test materials determined in 5.1.1.1 shall be reported.


This is the first of a series of public comments on the committee input, based on the CPSC proposed input. The public comments provide an optional alternate approach to measurement of char length by allowing a mass loss procedure to be used also.



Public Comment No. 5-NFPA 260-2016 [Chapter 6]

Public Comment No. 6-NFPA 260-2016 [Section No. 7.2]






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First Revision No. 11-NFPA 260-2016 [Chapter 6]




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Agenda - of 129


Chapter 6 Test Procedures

6.1 Cover Fabric Test.

6.1.1

For horizontal panels, the 203 mm × 280 mm cover fabric specimen shall be placed on a 203 mm × 127 mm × 51 mm polyurethanefoam substrate, using pins in the ends of the fabric specimen to hold it in place, as shown in Figure 6.1.1.

Figure 6.1.1 Cover Fabric Test Method.

6.1.2

For vertical panels, the 203 mm × 432 mm fabric specimen shall be placed on a 203 mm × 203 mm × 76 mm polyurethane foamsubstrate as shown in Figure 6.1.1.

6.1.2.1

The fabric shall overlap the top and bottom of the substrate and be pinned into place on the corners.

6.1.2.2

The warp or machine direction of the fabric shall run from front to back on the test assembly.

6.1.3

Each assembled vertical and horizontal panel shall be placed in a mini-mock-up tester as shown in Figure 6.1.1.

6.1.4

The position of the crevice shall be marked on the sides of the vertical substrate.

6.1.5

Three cigarettes shall be lighted, and a lighted cigarette shall be placed on each of the three test assemblies such that the cigarettelies in the crevice and against the vertical panel, with each cigarette end equidistant from its respective side of the assembly.

6.1.6

Each cigarette shall be well lighted and burned not more than 4 mm when placed at a specific test location.

6.1.7*

A piece of sheeting material shall be placed over each cigarette and shall be smoothed over the cigarette to ensure intimate contact.

6.1.7.1

The sheeting shall be pinned to the vertical panel approximately 63 mm above the crevice.

6.1.8

Each cigarette shall be allowed to burn its full length unless an obvious ignition of the polyurethane foam substrate occurs.

6.1.8.1

If a cigarette extinguishes before burning its entire length, a fresh cigarette shall be placed on a fresh area of the test assembly andcovered with sheeting fabric until one of the following occurs:

(1) Three cigarettes have burned their entire lengths on three individual test specimens.

(2) Three cigarettes have self-extinguished on the sample.


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6.1.9

If an obvious ignition occurs on any of the three specimens, the smoldering materials shall be extinguished, and the sample shall berecorded as a Class II cover fabric based on the results of this test.

6.1.10

If no obvious ignition occurs, the char on the vertical panel measured from the original crevice position to the highest part of thedestroyed or degraded cover fabric shall be recorded to the nearest 2.5 mm.

6.1.10.1

The original crevice position shall be determined by laying a straightedge or ruler between the two marks required by 6.1.4 on theedges of the vertical panel.

6.1.10.2

The highest point of destroyed or degraded fabric shall be defined as the highest point at which any of the fabric is charred from frontto back.

6.2 Interior Fabric Test.

6.2.1

For horizontal panels, the 203 mm × 280 mm piece of interior fabric and the 203 mm × 280 mm standard Type I cover fabric shall beplaced with the interior fabric against the polyurethane foam substrate, using pins in the ends of the fabric specimens to hold them inplace, as shown in Figure 6.2.1.

Figure 6.2.1 Interior Fabric Test Method.

6.2.2

For vertical panels, 203 mm × 432 mm standard Type I cover fabric shall be placed on a 203 mm × 203 mm × 76 mm polyurethanefoam substrate as shown in Figure 6.2.1.

6.2.2.1

The fabric shall overlap the top and bottom of the substrate and shall be pinned into place at the corners.

6.2.3

Each assembled vertical and horizontal panel shall be placed in a mini-mock-up tester as shown in Figure 6.2.1.

6.2.4

The position of the crevice shall be marked on the sides of the vertical polyurethane foam substrate.

6.2.5


6.2.6


6.2.7*


6.2.7.1


6.2.8



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6.2.8.1

If a cigarette extinguishes before burning its entire length, a fresh cigarette shall be placed on a new test assembly and covered withsheeting fabric until one of the following occurs:

(1) Three cigarettes have burned their entire length on three individual test specimens.


6.2.9

If an obvious ignition occurs on any of the three specimens, the smoldering materials shall be extinguished, and the sample shall berecorded as a Class II interior fabric based on the results of this test.

6.2.10

If no obvious ignition occurs, the char on the vertical panel measured from the original crevice position to the highest part of thedestroyed or degraded interior fabric shall be recorded to the nearest 2.5 mm.

6.2.10.1

The original crevice position shall be determined by laying a straightedge or ruler between the two marks required by 6.2.4 on thevertical panel.

6.2.10.2


6.3 Welt Cord Test.

6.3.1 Sizes.

6.3.1.1

Three specimens of standard Type II cover fabric shall be cut for each of the following specified sizes:

(1) Horizontal panels measuring 203 mm × 280 mm

(2) Vertical panels measuring 203 mm × 432 mm

(3) Unsewn welts folded to measure 203 mm × 25 mm

6.3.1.2

The width of the welt shall be adjusted to the size of the welt cord.

6.3.1.3

For horizontal panels, the 203 mm × 280 mm Type II cover fabric shall be placed on a 203 mm × 127 mm × 76 mm polyurethane foamsubstrate, using pins in the ends of the fabric specimens to hold them in place, as shown in Figure 6.3.1.3.

Figure 6.3.1.3 Welt Cord Test Method.


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6.3.1.4

For vertical panels, the 203 mm × 432 mm Type II cover fabric shall be placed on a 203 mm × 203 mm × 76 mm polyurethane foamsubstrate as shown in Figure 6.3.1.3.

6.3.1.4.1

The fabric shall overlap the top and bottom of the substrate and shall be pinned into place at the corners.

6.3.2

Each assembled vertical and horizontal panel shall be placed in a mini-mock-up tester as shown in Figure 6.3.1.3.

6.3.3

A welt cord specimen shall be placed into the center of a folded strip of standard Type II cover fabric to form an unsewn welt.

6.3.3.1

An unsewn welt shall be placed in each test assembly such that the fabric edges are located between the horizontal and verticalpanels and are held tightly in place by the panels as shown in Figure 6.3.1.3.

6.3.4

The position of the top of the welt shall be marked on the sides of the vertical polyurethane foam substrate.

6.3.5

Three cigarettes shall be lighted, and a lighted cigarette shall be placed on each of the three test assemblies such that the cigarettelies on the welt and against the vertical panel, with each cigarette end equidistant from its respective side of the assembly.

6.3.6


6.3.7*


6.3.7.1


6.3.8


6.3.8.1


(1) Three cigarettes have burned their entire lengths on three individual specimens.


6.3.9

If an obvious ignition occurs on any of the three specimens, the smoldering materials shall be extinguished, and the sample shall berecorded as a Class II welt cord based on the results of this test.

6.3.10

If no obvious ignition occurs, the char on the vertical panel measured from the top of the original welt position to the highest part ofthe destroyed or degraded fabric shall be recorded.

6.3.10.1

The top of the original welt position shall be determined by laying a straightedge or ruler between the two marks required by 6.3.4 onthe edges of the vertical panel.

6.3.10.2


6.4 Filling/Padding Component Test.

6.4.1

Three 203 mm × 280 mm specimens shall be cut from standard Type I cover fabric for the horizontal panels, and three 203 mm ×432 mm specimens shall be cut for the vertical panels.

6.4.1.1

Three horizontal panels shall be constructed by wrapping each panel with Type I cover fabric, such that the top surface is completelycovered, and the long direction of the fabric continues over the crevice edge and partially covers the bottom surface.


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6.4.1.2

The cover fabric shall be pinned into place on the top and bottom as shown in Figure 6.4.1.2.

Figure 6.4.1.2 Filling/Padding Component Test Method.

6.4.1.3

Three vertical panels shall be constructed by covering one surface of a removable vertical support panel with a vertical pad of the testspecimen material topped by the Type I cover fabric.

6.4.1.4

The Type I cover fabric shall be pulled around the top and bottom of the removable vertical support panel and stapled to the backside.

6.4.2

Each assembled vertical and horizontal panel shall be placed in a mini-mock-up tester as shown in Figure 6.4.1.2, such that a snug fitis created between the two panels.

6.4.3

The position of the crevice shall be marked on the edges of the cover fabric.

6.4.4


6.4.5


6.4.6*


6.4.6.1


6.4.7


6.4.7.1




6.4.8

If an obvious ignition occurs on any of the three specimens, the smoldering materials shall be extinguished, and the sample shall berecorded as a Class II filling/padding material based on the results of this test.

6.4.9

If no obvious ignition occurs, the char on the vertical panel measured from the original crevice position to the highest part of thedestroyed or degraded fabric shall be recorded.


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6.4.9.1


6.5 Decking Materials Test.

6.5.1

One 533 mm × 343 mm specimen shall be cut from standard Type II fabric.

6.5.2

The decking material specimen shall be placed on the plywood base of the decking materials tester and covered with the standardType II fabric.

6.5.2.1

The plywood retainer ring shall be placed on top of the cover fabric as shown in Figure 6.5.2.1.

Figure 6.5.2.1 Decking Materials Test Method.

6.5.3

Three cigarettes shall be lighted and placed on the surface of the standard Type II fabric so that they are equally spaced from eachother and from the edges of the retainer ring.

6.5.4


6.5.5

A piece of sheeting material shall be placed over each of the cigarettes and shall be smoothed over the cigarette to ensure intimatecontact.

6.5.6

Each cigarette shall be allowed to burn its full length.

6.5.6.1

If a cigarette extinguishes before burning its entire length, a fresh cigarette shall be placed on a fresh area of the cover fabric until oneof the following occurs:

(1) Three cigarettes have burned their entire lengths.

(2) Three cigarettes have self-extinguished.

6.5.7

If an obvious ignition occurs at any of the cigarette locations, the smoldering material shall be extinguished, and the sample shall berecorded as a Class II decking material based on the results of this test.

6.5.8

If no obvious ignition occurs, the maximum length of char shall be measured from the original cigarette position and recorded to thenearest 2.5 mm.

6.6 Barrier Materials Test.

6.6.1

Three 203 mm × 280 mm specimens shall be cut from standard Type II cover fabric for horizontal panels, and three 203 mm ×432 mm specimens shall be cut for vertical panels.

6.6.1.1

For horizontal panels, a barrier specimen shall be placed on a 203 mm × 127 mm × 76 mm polyurethane foam substrate.


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6.6.1.2

The barrier shall be folded around and under the polyurethane foam as shown in Figure 6.6.1.2 and fastened in place with pins.

Figure 6.6.1.2 Barrier Materials Test Method.

6.6.1.3

The 203 mm × 203 mm cover fabric shall be placed over each barrier and fastened in place with pins.

6.6.1.4

For vertical panels, a barrier specimen shall be placed on a 203 mm × 203 mm × 76 mm polyurethane foam substrate.

6.6.1.5

The 203 mm × 432 mm cover fabric specimen shall be placed over each vertical panel and fastened in place with pins as shown inFigure 6.6.1.2.

6.6.2

Each assembled horizontal panel and vertical panel shall be arranged in the test assembly such that a firm contact is achieved acrossthe entire crevice formed by the vertical and horizontal panels.

6.6.3

The position of the crevice shall be marked on the sides of the vertical polyurethane foam substrate.

6.6.4


6.6.5


6.6.6*


6.6.6.1


6.6.7

Each cigarette shall be allowed to burn its full length unless an obvious ignition of the substrate occurs.

6.6.7.1

If a cigarette extinguishes before burning its entire length, a fresh cigarette shall be placed on a fresh area of the test assembly andcovered with sheeting fabric until one of the following occurs:



6.6.8

If an obvious ignition occurs on any of the three specimens, the smoldering materials shall be extinguished, and the sample shall berecorded as a Class II barrier material based on the results of this test.

6.6.9

If no obvious ignition occurs, the char on the vertical panel measured from the original crevice position to the highest part of thedestroyed or degraded fabric shall be recorded to the nearest 2.5 mm.

6.6.9.1



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6.6.9.2


6.7 Mass Loss Procedure

6.7.1 As an alternate procedure to the char length procedure described in sections 6.1 through 6.6 above, the propensity forsmoldering combustion of the tested material shall be permitted to be assessed by a mass loss procedure as indicated in thissection.

6.7.2 If an obvious ignition occurs on any of the three specimens, the smoldering materials shall be extinguished, and the sampleshall be recorded as a Class II material based on the results of this test.

6.7.2 If no obvious ignition occurs at the end of 45 minutes, carefully remove the polyurethane foam substrate pieces and clean allcarbonaceous char from the panels with a brush.

6.7.3 Unless an extinguishing agent was applied to the polyurethane foam substrate, record the mass of the un-charred portions ofthe polyurethane foam substrate pieces to the nearest 0.1 grams within 15 minutes of end of test.

6.7.4 Calculate the percent mass loss of the polyurethane foam substrate to the nearest 0.1% by using the initial mass (from5.1.1.1) and the final mass (from 6.7.3) with the equation below:

Mass Loss = (Initial Mass - Final Mass)/Initial Mass) x100.


This is the second public comment to address the issue of an alternate optional mass loss procedure - the first one being public comment # 4.



Public Comment No. 4-NFPA 260-2016 [Section No. 5.1.1]







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7.2 Cover Fabric Classification.

7.2.1 Class I.

Class I cover fabric shall meet the criteria of 7.2.1.1 and of 7.2.1.2 or of 7 .2.1.3.

7.2.1.1

When subjected to the cover fabric test, a specimen shall show no evidence of ignition of any test assembly.

7.2.1.2

The vertical char on any of the three specimens shall not exceed 45 mm.

7.2. 1.3 The mass loss of the polyurethane foam substrate shall not exceed 10%.

7. 2.2 Class II.

Cover fabrics that do not meet Class I criteria shall be designated as Class II.


This is the third public comment (the others being 4 and 5) addressing the optional mass loss procedure.










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7.3 Interior Fabric Classification.

7.3.1 Class I.

Class I interior fabric shall meet the criteria of 7.3.1.1 and of 7.3.1.2 or of 7 .3.1.3.

7.3.1.1

When subjected to the interior fabric test, a specimen shall show no evidence of ignition of any test assembly.

7.3.1.2

The vertical char on the cover fabric of any of the three specimens shall not exceed 38 mm.


7.3. 2 Class II.

Interior fabrics that do not meet Class I criteria shall be designated as Class II.


The next public comment in the series, following #4, 5 and 6.










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7.4 Welt Cord Classification.

7.4.1 Class I.

Class I welt cord shall meet the criteria of 7.4.1.1and of 7.4.1.2 or of 7 . 4.1.3

7.4.1.1

When subjected to the welt cord test, a specimen shall show no evidence of ignition of any test assembly.

7.4.1.2

When measured from the top of the original welt position, the vertical char on the cover fabric shall not exceed 38 mm for any of threereplicated tests.


7.4. 2 Class II.

Welt cord that does not meet Class I criteria shall be designated as Class II.


related to public comments 4 through 7 on mass loss.










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7.5 Filling/Padding Components Classification.

7.5.1 Class I.

Class I components shall meet the criteria of 7.5.1.1and of 7.5.1.2 or of 7 . 5.1.3 .

7.5.1.1

When subjected to the filling/padding component test, a specimen shall show no evidence of ignition of any test assembly.

7.5.1.2

When measured from the original crevice position, the vertical char length on the cover fabric shall not exceed 38 mm for any of threereplicated tests.


7.5. 2 Class II.

Components that do not meet Class I criteria shall be designated as Class II.


The next in the series starting with public comment # 4.










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7.6 Decking Materials Classification.

7.6.1 Class I.

Class I decking materials shall meet the criteria of 7.6.1.1and of 7.6.1.2 or of 7 . 6.1.3 .

7.6.1.1

When subjected to the decking materials test, a specimen shall show no evidence of ignition at any cigarette location.

7.6.1.2

When measured from the original cigarette position, the char length on the cover fabric shall not exceed 38 mm at any of threecigarette locations.


7.6. 2 Class II.

Decking materials that do not meet Class I criteria shall be designated as Class II.


The next public comment in the mass loss series










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7.7 Barrier Materials Classification.

7.7.1

All barrier materials used in cigarette-resistant furniture construction shall be classified as Class I barrier fabric using the test methoddescribed in Section 6.6 or in Section 6 . 7 .

7.7.2 Class I.

Class I barriers shall meet the criteria of 7.7.2.1and of 7.7.2.2 or of 7 . 7.2.3 .

7.7.2.1

When subjected to the barrier materials test, a specimen shall show no evidence of ignition of any test assembly.

7.7.2.2

When measured from the original crevice position, the vertical char length on the cover fabric shall not exceed 51 mm for any of threereplicated tests.

7.7. 2. 3 The mass loss of the polyurethane foam substrate shall not exceed 10%.

7.7.3 Class II.

Barriers that do not meet Class I criteria shall be designated as Class II.


The last public comment in the series associated with the optional mass loss procedure










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Public Comment No. 3-NFPA 260-2016 [ Section No. A.1.1.1 ]

A.1.1.1

These test methods were originally similar to those described in ASTM E1353, Standard Test Methods for Cigarette IgnitionResistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture. However, the cigarette used as the ignition source in When the use of reducedignition propensity cigarettes became required in every states in the United States, this test method (NFPA 260) has an ignitionpotency changed its ignition source and started using a cigarette developed by NIST (SRM 1196). The cigarette ignition potency ofSRM 1196 cigarettes (as assessed by NIST utilizing a method close to that in ASTM E2187, Standard Test Method for Measuring theIgnition Strength of Cigarettes), is similar to that of the ignition source used when the test method was developed initially , while theignition source used in ASTM E1353 has a much lower ignition potency and is much higher than that of reduced ignition propensitycigarettes ( see also A.4.3 ) . The work by NIST is found at: Gann, R.G., and Hnetkovsky E.J., Modification of ASTM E 2187 forMeasuring the Ignition Propensity of Conventional Cigarettes, Technical Note 1627, National Institute of Standards and Technology,Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, 16 pages, 2009. The change in ignition source for ASTM E1353 did not occur until 2016. There isinsufficient information as to the effect of the cigarette covered with fabric on ignition potency.


Clarify the history since ASTM E1353 2016 now uses the SRM 1196 cigarette.

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First Revision No. 5-NFPA 260-2016 [Section No. A.1.1.1]




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Public Comment No. 2-NFPA 260-2016 [ Section No. C.1.2.1 ]

C.1.2.1 ASTM Publications.


ASTM E691, Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method, 2014.

ASTM E1353, Standard Test Methods for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture, 2008ae1 2016 .

ASTM E2187, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Cigarettes, 2016.


Date update - ASTM E1353 has been updated in 2016 and now requires the NIST SRM 1196 cigarette as the ignition source.

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First Revision No. 7-NFPA 260-2016 [Section No. C.1.2.1]




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Public Comment No. 1-NFPA 261-2016 [ Section No. A.1.1.1 ]

A.1.1.1

This test method was originally similar to that described in ASTM E1352, Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance ofMock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies. However, the cigarette used as the ignition source in When the use of reducedignition propensity cigarettes became required in every states in the United States, this test method (NFPA 261) has an ignitionpotency changed its ignition source and started using a cigarette developed by NIST ( SRM 1196). The cigarette ignition potency ofSRM 1196 cigarettes ( as assessed by NIST utilizing a method close to that in ASTM E2187, Standard Test Method for Measuringthe Ignition Strength of Cigarettes), is similar to that of the ignition source used when the test method was developed initially , whilethe ignition source used in ASTM E1352 has a much lower ignition potency and is much higher than that of reduced ignitionpropensity cigarettes ( see also A.4.2 ) . The work by NIST is found at: Gann, R.G., and Hnetkovsky E.J., Modification ofASTM E 2187 for Measuring the Ignition Propensity of Conventional Cigarettes, Technical Note 1627, National Institute of Standardsand Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, 16 pages, 2009. The change in ignition source for ASTM E1352 did not occur until 2016.There is insufficient information as to the effect of the cigarette covered with fabric on ignition potency.


The change explains the history now that ASTM E1352 changed over to the NIST SRM 1196 cigarette in 2016.

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First Revision No. 2-NFPA 261-2016 [Sections A.1.1.1, A.3.3.9, A.4.1]




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ASTM E691, Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method, 2014.

ASTM E1352, Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies, 2008a 2016 .

ASTM E2187, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ignition Strength of Cigarettes, 2015 2016 .


date updates

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First Revision No. 3-NFPA 261-2016 [Section No. C.1.2.1]




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Chapter 1 Administration

1.1 Scope.

1.1.1

This shall be is a fire-test-response standard.

1.1.2

This test method shall provide provides a means of measuring smoke obscuration resulting from subjecting essentially flat materials,products, or assemblies (including surface finishes) not exceeding 25 mm in thickness to specified levels of thermal irradiance from aconical heater, in a single closed chamber, in the absence or presence of a pilot flame, and when placed in a horizontal orientation.

1.1.3

The principal fire-test-response characteristic obtained from this test method shall be the specific optical density of smoke from thespecimens tested, which is obtained as a function of time, for a period of 10 minutes.

1.1.4

Other fire-test-response characteristics shall are also be permitted to be determined.

1.1.5

An optional fire-test-response characteristic measurable with this test method shall be the mass optical density, which is the specificoptical density of smoke divided by the mass lost by the specimens during the test.

1.1.6

This test method shall be based on is technically equivalent to ISO 5659-2, Plastics — Smoke generation — Part 2: Determination ofoptical density by a single-chamber test, and shall provide equivalent results to ISO 5659-2 to ASTM E1995, Standard Test Methodfor Measurement of Smoke Obscuration Using a Conical Radiant Source in a Single Closed Chamber, With the Test SpecimenOriented Horizontally .

1.1.7

The fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test shall be are specific to the specimen tested, in the form and thicknesstested, and shall arre not be inherent properties of the material, product, or assembly tested .

1.1.8*

This test method shall does not provide information on the fire performance of the test specimens under fire conditions other thanthose conditions specified in this test method.

1.1.9

This standard shall measure measures and describe describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions but shall does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment ofthe materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.

1.1.10*

Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.

1.1.11

This standard shall does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use.

1.1.12

It shall be the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish the necessary safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.2 Purpose. (Reserved)

1.3 Application.

1.3.1 Summary of Test Method.

1.3.1.1 Energy Source.

1.3.1.1.1

This test method shall employ a conically shaped, electrically heated radiant energy source contained within a stainless steel tube

and positioned so as to produce an irradiance level of up to 50 kW/m2, averaged over the center of the exposed surface of anessentially flat specimen, mounted horizontally, to determine smoke obscuration inside a closed chamber.

1.3.1.1.2

The actual irradiance levels used for standard testing shall be 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2.


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1.3.1.2 Specimen.

The specimen shall be 75 mm × 75 mm at a thickness not exceeding 25 mm and shall be mounted horizontally within a holder.

1.3.1.3 Pilot Flame.

1.3.1.3.1

The exposure shall be conducted in the absence or in the presence of a pilot flame as described in 4.3.6.1.

1.3.1.3.2

Where the pilot flame is present, the test shall be deemed to be in the “flaming” mode; if the pilot flame is absent, the test shall bedeemed to be in the “nonflaming” mode.

1.3.1.4 Light Transmissions.

1.3.1.4.1

The test specimens shall be exposed to nonflaming or flaming conditions within a closed chamber.

1.3.1.4.2

A photometric system with a vertical light path shall be used to measure the varying light transmission as smoke accumulates.

1.3.1.4.3

The light transmittance measurements shall be used to calculate the specific optical density of the smoke generated during the test.

1.3.1.5 Exposure.

1.3.1.5.1

The specimens shall be exposed to two conditions out of the four standard exposure conditions, to be chosen by the test requester.

1.3.1.5.2

The four standard exposure conditions shall be as follows:

(1) Flaming at an irradiance of 25 kW/m2

(2) Flaming at an irradiance of 50 kW/m2

(3) Nonflaming at an irradiance of 25 kW/m2

(4) Nonflaming at an irradiance of 50 kW/m2

1.3.1.5.3

The default conditions for testing, unless specified otherwise, shall be those in the flaming mode.

1.3.1.5.4

Exposures to other irradiances shall also be permitted.

1.3.1.6* Mass Optical Density.

Mass optical density shall be an optional fire-test-response characteristic obtained from this test method by using a load cell thatcontinuously monitors the mass of the test specimen.

1.3.2 Significance and Use.

1.3.2.1* Specific Optical Density.

1.3.2.1.1

This test method shall provide a means for determining the specific optical density of the smoke generated by specimens of materials,products, or assemblies under the specified exposure conditions.

1.3.2.1.2

Values determined by this test method shall be specific to the specimen in the form and thickness tested and shall not be inherentfundamental properties of the material, product, or assembly.

1.3.2.1.3

Closely repeatable or reproducible experimental results shall not be expected from this test method when tests are conducted for agiven material, product, or assembly while introducing variations in properties such as specimen thickness or density.

1.3.2.2* Physiological Aspects.

Physiological aspects associated with vision shall not be measured by this test method.

1.3.2.3* Smoke Obscuration.

Predicting the smoke obscuration to be generated by the specimens upon exposure to heat or flame under any fire conditions otherthan those specified shall not be permitted.

1.3.3 Limitations.


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1.3.3.1 Behavior.

Any of the following behaviors during a test shall render that test invalid:

(1) Self-ignition in the nonflaming mode

(2) A specimen being displaced from the zone of controlled irradiance so as to touch the pilot burner or the pilot flame

(3) Extinction of the pilot flame (even for a short period of time) in the flaming mode

(4) Molten material overflowing the specimen holder

1.3.3.2* Data Evaluation.

Evaluation of the data obtained, together with the individual masses, shall assist in assessing the reasons for any observed variationin measurements.

1.3.3.3* Sample Thickness.

The results of the test shall apply only to the thickness of the sample being tested.

1.3.3.4* Sensitivity.

Sensitivity to variations shall require that when changing to another sample to be tested, it shall first be necessary to clean andremove from the walls all accumulated residues to ensure that chemical or physical recombination with the effluents or residuesproduced as a result of the thermal irradiance does not affect the data obtained.

1.3.3.5* Test Conditions.

Specimens shall be subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions.

1.3.3.5.1

The results shall be valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test.

1.3.3.5.2

This test method shall not be used to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics where different test conditions aresubstituted or end-use conditions are changed.

1.3.3.6* Optical Density.

Information relating the specific optical density measurement obtained by this test method to the mass lost by the specimen during thetest shall be obtained only by using the (optional) load cell to determine the mass optical density.

1.3.3.7* Dynamic Measurements.

This test method shall not use dynamic measurements.

1.3.3.8 Smoke Obscuration.

Therefore, the smoke obscuration values obtained shall not represent conditions of open fires.

1.4 Units and Formulas.

The values stated in SI units shall be considered the required values of this standard.


The language in this scope section is incorrect because it requires issues that are information. ASTM E1995 and ISO 5659-2 are both technically equivalent to NFPA 270.




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Public Input No. 2-NFPA 270-2015 [Chapter E]




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2.3.1 ASTM Publications.


ASTM E176, Standard Terminology of Fire Standards, 2015ae1.

ASTM E1995, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Smoke Obscuration Using a Conical Radiant Source in a Single ClosedChamber, With the Test Specimen Oriented Horizontally , 2012.


This is referenced in PC 2 because it is technically equivalent to NFPA 270.




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Public Input No. 2-NFPA 270-2015 [Chapter E]




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Public Comment No. 1-NFPA 270-2016 [ Section No. E.1.2.1 ]

E.1.2.1 ASTM Publications.


ASTMD2843, Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of Plastics, 2010.

ASTM D4100, Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Smoke Particulates from Combustion of Plastic Materials, 1982(reapproved 1989 with editorial change, withdrawn 1997).

ASTM D5424, Standard Test Method For Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration, 2014.

ASTM E84, Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2015b 2016 .

ASTM E603, Standard Guide for Room Fire Experiments, 2013.

ASTM E662, Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials, 2015.

ASTM E906/E906M, Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products, 2014.

ASTM E1354, Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeter, 2016.

ASTM E1474, Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components orComposites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter, 2014.

ASTM E1537, Test Method for Fire Testing of Real Scale Upholstered Furniture Items, 2015.

ASTM E1590, Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses, 2013 2016 .


date update

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First Revision No. 3-NFPA 270-2016 [Chapter E]




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Public Comment No. 3-NFPA 289-2016 [ Section No. 7.2.2.3 ]

7.2.2.3 Photographic Documentation.

A photographic record (still pictures) of the test shall be made, in accordance with 7 .2.2.3.1 and 7.2.2.3.2 as well as with either7.2.2.3.3 or 7.2.2.3.4.

7.2.2.3.1

All photographs shall include a time stamp.

7.2.2.3.2

The date and laboratory test report identification number shall be included as part of the photographic record.

7.2.2.3.3

Color photographs shall be taken to record any special events and also at intervals not exceeding 15 seconds , except for for thefirst 3 minutes of any test and at intervals not exceeding 60 seconds thereafter, for the duration of the test.

7.2.2.3.4

When the test is conducted for forensic fire reconstruction, or research, the requirements of 7 .2.2.3.3 shall not apply.


Requiring photographs every 15 s if video is available is excessive. Also it is important that photographs attempt (at least) to record any special events.

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First Revision No. 17-NFPA 289-2016 [Section No. 7.2.2.3.2]




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7.5 Load Cell.

7.5.1

The mass loss rate of the burning individual fuel package shall be measured during the test by means of a load cell, in accordancewith 7 .5.2 through 7.5.5.

7.5.2

The individual fuel package shall be placed on a load cell covered by a protective barrier.

7.5.2.1

The protective barrier shall consist of reinforced inorganic board having dimensions not less than 1.2 m ± 0.1 m × 2.4 m ± 0.1 m (3.9 ft± 0.32 ft × 7.87 ft ± 0.32 ft) and shall be located on top of the load cell.

7.5.2.2

The protective barrier perimeter shall have a rim with a height of 100 mm ± 10 mm (4 in. ± 0.4 in.).

7.5.3

The load cell shall be capable of measuring mass with an accuracy of not less than 0.1 percent.

7.5.3.1

The load cell and protective barrier shall be installed in such a way that the heat from the burning individual fuel package and anyeccentricity of the load do not affect the accuracy of the load cell.

7.5.3.2

All parts of the load cell shall be located below the top level of the protective barrier.

7.5.4

The protective barrier shall support the base of the individual fuel package at a height of 127 mm ± 76 mm (5 in. ± 3 in.) above thefloor.

7.5.5

The protective barrier shall be located beneath the hood at its geometric center.

7.5.6

The optional placement of a paper target consisting of a single piece of newsprint crumpled into a ball approximately 150 mm (6 in.)in diameter, on the floor of the protective barrier, in front of the test specimen, is a helpful visual aid.

7.5.7

When tests are conducted for the purpose of forensic fire reconstruction, or research, the use of an alternate weighing platform andprotective barrier a load cell shall not be required.


If a load cell is used the instructions in 7.5.2 through 7.5.5 must be followed. If R&D is done a load cell can be omitted altogether but the protection of any load cell being used is essential.

Recent tests I conducted have shown that the presence of a paper target indicator is a useful visual aid. It gives an indication of floor heat flux.

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7.5.6

When tests are conducted for the purpose of forensic fire reconstruction, or research, the use of an alternate weighing platform andprotective barrier a load cell shall not be required.


If a load cell is used a platform and protective barrier are needed. For R&D tests can be conducted without a load cell.

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Chapter 11 Report

11.1 Report.

11.1.1 Description of Individual Fuel Packages.

The report shall include the following:

(1) Overall description of individual fuel package, along with identifying characteristics or labels

(2) Name, thickness, density, and size of the materials used to make up the final package, along with other identifyingcharacteristics or labels

(3) Mounting of materials, including detailed description of mounting procedure and justification for any variations from end-useinstallation

(4) Layout of individual fuel package and attachments, including appropriate drawings, in fire test area

(5) Relative humidity and temperature of the fire test area and the test building prior to and during the test

(6) Time between removal from the conditioning room and start of testing

(7) Details of the conditioning used

11.1.2 Ignition Source.

The report shall describe the ignition source used, its location with respect to the individual fuel package, its heat release rate, and theduration of the exposure.

11.1.3 Time History of the Rate of Heat Release of the Fire.

11.1.3.1

The rate of heat release shall be calculated from the measured oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide concentrations and thetemperature and volumetric flow rate of the gas in the duct.

11.1.3.2

The time history of the rate of heat release as well as the maximum and average values shall be reported.

11.1.3.3

Similarly, the time history of total heat released as well as the final value and the values every 5 minutes shall be reported.

11.1.3.4

The measurement method used shall also be reported.

11.1.4 Time History of the Fire Growth.

11.1.4.1

The time history of the fire growth shall be a transcription of the visual, photographic, audio, and written records of the fire test.

11.1.4.2

The records shall indicate the time of ignition of the individual fuel package and the approximate location of the flame front mostdistant from the ignition source at intervals not exceeding 15 seconds during the fire test.

11.1.4.3

Still photographs and continuous video recording as required by Section 7.2 shall be supplied.

11.1.4.4

Drawings and photographs or video recording showing the extent of the damage of the individual fuel package after the test also shallbe supplied.

11.1.5 Time History of Smoke Obscuration.

11.1.5.1

The smoke obscuration shall be described by means of the optical density, rate of smoke release, and total smoke releasedmeasured with the instrumentation in the exhaust duct.

11.1.5.2

The following shall be reported:

(1) Time histories of smoke release rate, optical density, and volumetric duct flow rate as well as the maximum and average values

(2) The total smoke release time history as well as the final value and the values every 5 minutes

(3) Details of the smoke obscuration measurement equipment used, including the orientation of the light beam


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11.1.6 Time History of Mass Lost by the Individual Fuel Package.

The time history of the mass loss rate as well as the maximum and average values and the total mass lost (in kg and percentage)shall be reported.

11.2 Discussion of Performance.

A description of individual fuel package performances shall be provided and shall include the following:

(1) Flame spread on or within the individual fuel package during exposure

(2) Presence of falling debris or burning droplets on the protective barrier that persist in burning for 30 seconds or more

(3) Visibility information in the fire test area

(4) Other pertinent details with respect to fire growth

(5) Falling debris, melting or dripping of materials

(6) Time to ignition of the optional paper target indicator in 7.5.6, if used


If the optional paper target indicator is used the time when it ignites should be reported.

Related Item

First Revision No. 11-NFPA 289-2016 [Section No. 11.1.1]




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ASTM E603, Standard Guide for Room Fire Experiments,2013.

ASTM E800, Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires,2014.

ASTM E1354, Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an OxygenConsumption Calorimeter,2016 2016a .

ASTM E1537, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture,2015.

ASTM E1590, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses,2013 2016 .

ASTM E1822, Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs, 2013.

ASTM E2067, Standard Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Tests (Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 4.07),2015.

ASTM E2257, Standard Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and Ceiling Materials or Assemblies,2016.


date update

Related Item

First Revision No. 24-NFPA 289-2016 [Chapter C]




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C.1.2.2 ICC Publications.

International Code Council, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600 Falls Church, VA. 22041.

International Building Code (IBC),2015 2018 edition.

International Fire Code (IFC),2015 2018 edition.


date update

Related Item

First Revision No. 24-NFPA 289-2016 [Chapter C]




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2.3 Other Publications.



ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2015b 2016 .

2.3.2 Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.


date update

Related Item

First Revision No. 2-NFPA 705-2016 [Section No. 2.3.1]




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Public Input No. 1-NFPA 253-2015 [ Section No. 2.3.1 ]



ASTM C1186, Standard Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement Sheets, 2008 (2012 2016 ).

ASTM C1288, Standard Specification for Discrete Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Interior Substrate Sheets (2014).

ASTM E136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C , 2012 2016a .

Statement of Problem and Substantiation for Public Input

date update - also added ASTM C1288 for use with fiber cement board requirements

Related Public Inputs for This Document

Related Input Relationship

Public Input No. 9-NFPA 253-2017 [Section No. 5.2.3]

Public Input No. 10-NFPA 253-2017 [Section No. 5.2.7.1]




Organization: GBH International

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3.3.8 Standard Simulated Concrete Subfloor.

Uncoated fiber-reinforced cement board with a nominal thickness of 6.3 mm and a density of 1442 kg/m 3 ±160 kg/m 3 See 5.2.3 .


This eliminates the requirements and the duplication.







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4.3.6

The radiation pyrometer for standardizing the thermal output of the panel shall be capable of viewing a circular area 178- 254 mm indiameter at a distance of about 1.37 m.


Many users of this standard reported difficulty sourcing pyrometers with a 254mm FOV. After extensive discussion within the ASTM task group on the Flooring Radiant Panel, along with research into alternatives, that group settled on a FOV of 178mm. These pyrometers are readily available and provide an adequate representation of the black body temperature. It was noted that the panels used today provide a more consistent output across the entire surface, so the smaller FOV is adequate. This revision provides a range for the FOV so that existing pyrometers still comply.

This revision would solve the sourcing dilemma for users and harmonize NFPA 253 with ASTM E648.


Submitter Full Name: Timothy Earl


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5.2.3 Standard Simulated Concrete Floor.

Where a standard simulated concrete floor is used, the it shall consist of a fiber reinforced cement board with the followingspecifications:

(1) it shall be uncoated,

(2) it shall be 6.3 mm thick,

(3) it shall have a density of 1442 ± 160 kg/m 3 ,

(4) it shall meet the requirements either of ASTM C1186 Grade II, Standard Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement Sheets , or ofASTM C1288, Standard Specification for Discrete Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Interior Substrate Sheets , and

(5) it shall not be required to meet the requirements of ASTM E136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750°C .


In recent years the fiber cement board used for these applications often does not meet the requirements of ASTM E136.












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Public Input No. 10-NFPA 253-2017 [ Section No. 5.2.7.1 ]

5.2.7.1

The laminate specimens shall be prepared with a longitudinal seam near the centerline of the specimen holder.

(1) The manufacturer recommendations for sealing the seams shall be followed.

(2) The laminate and the proposed cushion shall be conditioned in accordance with Section 5.3 for a minimum of 48 hours.

(3) Laminate specimens shall be mounted by inverting the specimen holder on a clean, flat surface.

(4) Test specimens shall be placed in the specimen holder.

(5) The cushion pad recommended by the manufacturer shall be mounted with the pattern side facing the laminate, followed by ( a)

a nominal 6.3 mm thick fiber-cement board having a density of 1442 ±160 kg/m3 and meeting the requirements either of ASTMC1186 Grade II and ASTM or of ASTM C1288 but not necessarily those of ASTM E136 and (b) inorganic millboard with a

nominal 13 mm thickness and a nominal density of 0.58 g/cm3.

(6) Steel bar clamps shall be placed across the assembly and tightened firmly.

(7) The test assembly shall be mounted on the specimen transport frame so that the laminate décor layer faces the panel.


The fiber cement used nowadays often does not meet ASTM E136.










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5.2.7.1





(4) Test specimens shall be placed in the specimen holder.

(5) The cushion pad recommended by the manufacturer shall be mounted with the pattern side facing the laminate followed by a

nominal 6.3 mm thick fiber-cement board having a density of 1442 ±160 kg/m 3 and meeting the requirements of ASTM C1186Grade II and ASTM E136 and complying with 5.2.3 and inorganic millboard with a nominal 13 mm thickness and a nominal

density of 0.58 g/cm3.




An alternative approach that avoids duplication and sends to 5.2.3.









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5.2.8.1





(4) Test specimens shall be mounted in the specimen holder.

(5) The cushion pad recommended by the manufacturer shall be mounted with the pattern side facing the laminate , followed by

( a ) a nominal 6.3 mm thick fiber-cement board having a density of 1442 ±160 kg/m 3 and meeting the requirements eitherof ASTM C1186 Grade II and ASTM E136 and or of ASTM C1288 but not necessarily those of ASTM E136 and (b) inorganic

millboard with a nominal 13 mm thickness and a nominal density of 0.58 g/cm 3 .




same as 5.2.7.1









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5.2.8.1





(4) Test specimens shall be mounted in the specimen holder.

(5) The cushion pad recommended by the manufacturer shall be mounted with the pattern side facing the laminate followed by a

nominal 6.3 mm thick fiber-cement board having a density of 1442 ±160 kg/m 3 and meeting the requirements of ASTM C1186Grade II and ASTM E136 and complying with 5.2.3 and inorganic millboard with a nominal 13 mm thickness and a nominal

density of 0.58 g/cm3.




consistent with 5.2.7.1








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Public Input No. 7-NFPA 253-2016 [ Sections 6.1.7.1, 6.1.7.2, 6.1.7.3 ]

Sections 6.1.7.1, 6.1.7.2, 6.1.7.3

6.1.7.1

The measurement specified in 6.1.7 shall 8 shall be accomplished by inserting the flux meter into the opening so that its detectingplane is 1.6 mm to 3.2 mm above and parallel to the plane of the dummy specimen and then reading its output after 30 seconds±10 seconds.

6.1.7.2

If the level is within the limits specified in 6.1.7 8 , the flux profile determination shall be started.

6.1.7.3

If the level is not within the limits specified in 6.1.7 8 , the necessary adjustments in panel fuel flow shall be made.


This appears to be an editing error or typo. The limits are located in 6.1.8, not 6.1.7.




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6.1.11.3

The recorded temperature settings specified in 6.1.11.2 shall be used in subsequent test work instead of measurements of thedummy specimen radiant flux at 200 mm, 400 mm, and 600 mm.


This section should be deleted for several reasons. (1) The chamber temperature and pyrometer output are not reliable predictors of the heat flux at the specimen, which is the important parameter. (2) Labs have reported waiting over an hour for the chamber temperature to return to the earlier level, even though the heat flux is within the limits on 6.1.7. (3) There is no tolerance listed in this section, thereby implying that the chamber temperature and pyrometer must be exactly the same as they were during calibration, which is not realistic. (4) Checking the heat flux at the 200, 400, and 600 mm positions takes very little time, so this change would not increase the burden on the operator.

After extensive discussions within the task group, ASTM E648 was revised to use the heat flux at 200, 400, and 600 mm instead of the chamber temperature and pyrometer output. This revision would harmonize the two standards.




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Public Input No. 4-NFPA 253-2016 [ Section No. A.1.1.1 ]

A.1.1.1

This test method is technically similar to ASTM E648, Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering SystemsUsing a Radiant Heat Energy Source and test results obtained with this test method should be considered equivalent to test resultsobtained using ASTM E648 . Multiple codes and standards, including NFPA 101 and NFPA 5000, reference both test methods in thesame section.


clarification and further information



Public Input No. 5-NFPA 253-2016 [Section No. G.1.1]




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A.3.3.3 Flameout.

See Section 7.3 6 .


Section 7.3 has no information on flameout but 7.6 does.




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Public Input No. 5-NFPA 253-2016 [ Section No. G.1.1 ]

G.1.1 NFPA Publications. (Reserved)

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2018

NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code, 2018.


Add references to NFPA 101 and 5000 because they are mentioned in an associated public input (PI4).



Public Input No. 4-NFPA 253-2016 [Section No. A.1.1.1]




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Public Input No. 2-NFPA 253-2015 [ Section No. G.1.2 ]

G.1.2 ASTM Publications.


ASTM E648, Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source, 20102015 e1.


date update




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2.3.1 ANSI/UL Publications.

Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062–2096.

ANSI/UL 723, Standard for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2008, revised 2010 2013 .


Update standard revision.


Submitter Full Name: Kelly Nicolello

Organization: UL LLC

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ASTM C1186, Standard Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement Sheets, 2012.

ASTM E84 C1288 , Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2013a Specification for DiscreteNon-Asbestos Fiber Cement Interior Substrate Sheets (2014) .

ASTM E136 E84 , Standard Test Method for Behavior Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials in a Vertical TubeFurnace at 750°C, 2012 , 2016 .


date updates - also C1288 needs to be added and E136 eliminated because of proposed changes to the specs of the fiber cement sheet.







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4.2.5.2

The entire top panel unit shall be protected with flat sections of uncoated fiber-reinforced cement board

with the following specifications: Shall comply.

4.2.5.2.1 The fiber cement board shall comply either with ASTM C1186 Grade II

Nominal thickness shall beor with ASTM C1288 and with the following specifications:

(1) The board shall have a nominal thickness of 1⁄4 in. (6.3 mm)

Density =

(2) .

(3) The board shall have a density of 90 ±10 lb/ft3 (1442 ±160 kg/m3)

(4) Shall pass ASTM E136

(5) .

(6) The board shall be uncoated.

(7) The board shall be able to remain in place throughout the test.

(8) The board shall be suitable for test sample adhesion.

4.2.5.2.1 2

The board shall be maintained in an unwarped and uncracked condition through continued replacement.

4.2.5.2.2 3

While in place, the top panel shall rest on a nominal 3 mm ( 1⁄8 in.) thick woven fiberglass belting, positioned on the top cover supportledges.

4.2.5.2.3 4 *

The top panel shall be completely sealed against the leakage of air into the fire test chamber during the test.


The fiber cement board used is no longer non-combustible and usually does not meet ASTM E136. Other requirements come from ASTM E84.

ASTM C1288 needs to be added to section 2 on referenced standards







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A.1.1.1

This standard is referenced in NFPA 90A as a test method that electrical wires and cables and optical fiber cables are required tocomply with for use in plenums. The pass/fail requirements are a maximum peak optical density of 0.50 or less, an average opticaldensity of 0.15 or less, and a maximum flame spread distance of 1.5 m 52 m (5 ft) or less. NFPA 70 contains informational notes thatreference this standard, with the same pass/fail requirements, as the test method used to list cables for use in plenums, in articles 725(Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits), 760 (Fire Alarm Systems), 770 (Optical FiberCables and Raceways), 800 (Communications Circuits), 820 (Community Antenna Television and Radio Distribution Systems), and830 (Network-Powered Broadband Communications Systems). In NFPA 70 a cable complying with the above requirements is said tobe “low "a cable that is low -smoke-producing cable and fire-resistant cable” " by “having adequate fire-resistant and low-smoke-producing characteristics.” It should be noted that the fire resistance property of a cable being "fire resistant" as described inNFPA 70 does not address the same issues of fire resistance that are addressed when testing products or assemblies by use of atemperature–time curve, such as described in ASTM E119, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction andMaterials. Procedures for testing fire-resistive cables are described in ANSI/UL 2196, Standard for Tests of Fire Resistive Cables,which is a test that does use a time-temperature curve .


clarifications




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Public Input No. 2-NFPA 262-2015 [ Section No. E.1.2.1 ]



ASTM D150, Standard Test Method for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation,2011.

ASTM D412, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers — Tension, 2006a (2013).

ASTM D746, Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact,2013 2014 .

ASTM D792, Standard Test Method for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement, 2013.

ASTM D2240, Standard Test Method for Rubber Property — Durometer Hardness, 2005 ( 2010) .

ASTM D2863, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index), 2013.

ASTM D4100, Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Smoke Particulates from Combustion of Plastic Materials, 1982 1989 e1(withdrawn 1997).

ASTM E119, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials,2012a 2016a .


date updates




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Public Input No. 6-NFPA 265-2016 [ Section No. 2.3 ]

2.3 Other Publications.



ASTM C1186, Standard Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement Sheets, 2008 ( , reapproved 2012 ) .

ASTM C1396/C1396M, Specification for Gypsum Board, 2013 2014a .

ASTM E136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C, 2012 2016 .

2.3.2 CSA Publications.

Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga CSA Group, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto , ON, L4W 5N6,Canada M9W 1R3 .

CSA Standard O121, Douglas Fir Plywood, 2008 (R2013).

2.3.3 NIST Publications.

National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070.

NIST Voluntary Product Standard PS 1, Structural Plywood, 2009.

2.3.4 Other Publications.

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.


Referenced current SDO names, addresses, standard names, numbers, and editions.


Submitter Full Name: Aaron Adamczyk


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ASTM C1288, Standard Specification for Discrete Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Interior Substrate Sheets (2014).

ASTM C1396/C1396M, Specification for Gypsum Board, 2013 2014a .

ASTM E136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C, 2012 2016a .


date update and adding spec proposed in another input







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5.1.4 Wall Coverings Intended to Be Applied Directly to a Noncombustible Wall Surface.

Where the wall coverings are intended to be applied directly to a noncombustible wall surface, complying with the requirements of

ASTM E136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 o C, the specimens shall consist of

the wall covering mounted on a nominal 6 mm ( 1 ⁄ 4 in.) thick fiber-cement board, complying fiber cement board in accordancewith 5.1.4.1.

5.1.4.1 The fiber cement board shall comply with ASTM C1186, Standard Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement Sheets, (Grade II), andpassing ASTM E136 or with ASTM C1288 , Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at750°C. Specification for Discrete Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Interior Substrate Sheets , and the following additional properties:(a) Nominal thickness shall be 1⁄4 in. (6.3 mm);

(b) The density shall be 90 ± 10 lb/ft 3 (1442 ± 160 kg/m 3 );

(c) The board shall be uncoated;

(d) The board shall be able to stay in place throughout the test, and

(e) The board shall be suitable for test sample adhesion.


The proposed change makes three things: (a) it explains what is a non-combustible surface, (b) it eliminates the requirement that the fiber cement board comply with ASTM E136 because the fiber cement boards used presently do not comply with ASTM E136 and (c) describes the board more completely.







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Public Input No. 4-NFPA 265-2015 [ Chapter B ]

Annex B Acceptance Criteria

This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only.

B.1

The acceptance criteria in Section B.2 have been used by several of the model code organizations, such as the InternationalConference of Building Officials (ICBO), the Building Officials and Code Administrators International (BOCA), and the SouthernBuilding Code Congress International (SBCCI), and are provided as a guide for the user of the test method described in this standard.Similar criteria have also been in use in the International Building Code (IBC) and the International Fire Code (IFC) , both issued bythe International Code Council (ICC), and in NFPA 101 and NFPA 5000. However this test method has now been replaced by NFPA286 for most applications other than for textile and expanded vinyl wall coverings. This test method is not included in codes orregulations for the assesssment of any ceiling coverings because the 150 kW flame does not reach the ceiling. The acceptancecriteria in Section B.2 are were used in the International Fire Code, issued by the ICC, primarily for existing textile and expandedvinyl wall coverings,but are no longer used . The acceptance criteria in Section B.3, or equivalent ones, have been used by the samecodes and continue to be used; the smoke release criteria apply to all such wall coverings in the building codes but only to newinstallations in the IFC and in NFPA 101 .

B.2

Textile wall coverings should be considered as demonstrating satisfactory performance if, during the Method A test protocol (asshown in Annex C), both of the following conditions are met:

(1) Flame should not spread to the ceiling during the 40 kW exposure.

(2) During the 150 kW exposure, the following criteria should be met:

(3) Flame should not spread to the outer extremity of the sample on the 2.44 m × 3.66 m (8 ft × 12 ft) wall.

(4) The specimen should not burn to the outer extremity of the 0.6 m (2 ft) wide samples mounted vertically in the corner ofthe room.

(5) Burning droplets that are judged to be capable of igniting the textile wall covering or that persist in burning for 30 secondsor more should not be formed and dropped to the floor.

(6) Flashover should not occur.

(7) The maximum instantaneous net peak rate of heat release should not exceed 300 kW. The maximum instantaneous netpeak rate of heat release is derived by subtracting the burner output from the measured maximum rate of heat release.

B.3

Textile wall coverings or expanded vinyl wall coverings should be considered as demonstrating satisfactory performance if, during theMethod B test protocol, the following conditions are met:

(1) Flame should not spread to the ceiling during the 40 kW exposure.

(2) Flame should not spread to the outer extremities of the samples on the 2.44 m × 3.66 m (8 ft × 12 ft) walls.

(3) Flashover should not occur.

(4) The total smoke released throughout the test should not exceed 1,000 m2 (10,760 ft 2 ) .


Update on information in the covering paragraph and the inch-pound unit was eliminated on the smoke criteria for Method B. Nothing has been changed for section B2 with the criteria for method A, in spite of the changes made by Terra.



Public Input No. 5-NFPA 265-2015 [Section No. C.1]




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Public Input No. 5-NFPA 265-2015 [ Section No. C.1 ]

C.1

Method A test protocol is a screening test method that is useful for testing small amounts of material. The only difference in testingprocedure between Test Protocol A and Test Protocol B is the specimen, which does not cover three walls of the test room but simplycovers a section of the left sidewall and the rear wall as indicated in Section C.2. Method A protocol was formerly used by codes forregulation.


update



Public Input No. 4-NFPA 265-2015 [Chapter B]




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Public Input No. 3-NFPA 265-2015 [ Section No. D.1.2 ]

D.1.2 Other Publications.



ASTM E800, Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires, 2007 2014 .

ASTM E1354, Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an OxygenConsumption Calorimeter, 2013 2016a .

D.1.2.2 ICC Publications.

International Code Council, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600, Falls Church, VA 22041.

International Building Code (IBC), 2015 2018 .

International Fire Code (IFC), 2015 2018 .

D.1.2.3 NBSIR Publications.

National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, Fire Research Information Service, Building and FireResearch Laboratory, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8600, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8600.

NBSIR 82-2516, Computer Fire Modeling for the Prediction of Flashover, 1982.

D.1.2.4 Additional Publications.

Coaker, A. W., M. M. Hirschler, and C. L. Shoemaker. “Rate of Heat Release Testing for Vinyl Wire and Cable Materials with ReducedFlammability and Smoke: Small Scale and Full Scale Tests,” in Proceedings 15th Int. Conf. on Fire Safety, Product Safety Corp., SanFrancisco, CA, C. J. Hilado, ed., January 8–12, pp. 220–256, 1990.

Janssens, M. L. “Measuring Rate of Heat Release by Oxygen Consumption,” Fire Technology, pp. 234–249, August 1991.

McCaffrey, B. J., and G. Heskestad. “A Robust Bidirectional Low-Velocity Probe for Flame and Fire Application,” Combustion andFlame, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 125–127, February 1976.

Ostman, B. “Comparison of Smoke Release Rate from Building Products,” International Conference FIRE. Control the Heat. . .Reduce the Hazard, London, UK, October 24–25, 1988, Fire Research Station, UK, paper 8.

Ower, E., and R. Pankhurst. The Measurement of Air Flow, Pergamon Press, 5th ed., pp. 112–147, 1977.


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ASTM C62, Standard Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale), 2013a.

ASTM C208, Standard Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board, 2012.



update




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ASTM C62, Standard Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale), 2013a.

ASTM C208, Standard Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board, 2012.



Update for reference document.


Submitter Full Name: Richard Davis

Organization: FM Global

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4.1.14 *

The flue shall be covered with insulation that provides an R-value of 30 ft 2 -°F-h/BTU (5 .3 K-m 2 /W).


The units for R value and the equivalent SI units are missing from the current edition.




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A.1.1.3

Additional information on substitution method calorimetry is provided in Section 3, Chapter 2 Chapter 27 of the SFPE Handbook ofFire Protection Engineering.


Edit as a result of new edition of SFPE Handbook



Organization: SFPE

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Submittal Date: Tue Dec 06 14:34:01 EST 2016


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Public Input No. 5-NFPA 276-2017 [ Section No. B.1.2.1 ]

B.1.2.1 FM Global Publications.

FM Global, 1301 Atwood Avenue 270 Central Avenue , P.O. Box 7500, Johnston, RI 02919-4923 .

FM 4450, Class 1 Insulated Steel Deck Roofs, 1989.


Updating address for reference publication.



Public Input No. 6-NFPA 276-2017 [Section No. B.2.1]




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Public Input No. 8-NFPA 276-2017 [ Sections B.1.2.1, B.1.2.2 ]

Sections B.1.2.1, B.1.2.2

B.1.2.1 FM Publications.

FM Global, 1301 Atwood Avenue, P.O. Box 7500, Johnston, RI 02919.

FM 4450, Class 1 Insulated Steel Deck Roofs, 1989.

B.1.2.2 SFPE Publications.

Society of Fire Protection Engineers, 7315 Wisconsin Avenue 9711 Washingtonian Blvd. , Suite 620E 380 , Bethesda Gaithersburg ,MD 20814 20878 .

SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 4th 5th edition, 2008 2016 .


Update address and edition of reference.




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Public Input No. 3-NFPA 276-2016 [ Section No. B.1.2.2 ]

B.1.2.2 SFPE Publications.

Society of Fire Protection Engineers, 7315 Wisconsin Avenue 7911 Washingtonian Blvd , Suite 620E 380 , Bethesda Gaithersburg ,MD 20814. 20878

SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 4th 5th edition, 2008 2015 .


Edits as a result of new SFPE address and new handbook edition.



Organization: SFPE

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Submittal Date: Tue Dec 06 14:36:23 EST 2016


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Public Input No. 6-NFPA 276-2017 [ Section No. B.2.1 ]

B.2.1 FM Global Publications.

FM Global, 1301 Atwood 270 Central Avenue, P.O. Box 7500, Johnston, RI 02919-4923 .

FM 4454, Lightweight Insulating Concrete for Use in Class 1 and Noncombustible Roof Construction, 2010.

FM 4470, Single-Ply, Polymer-modified Bitumen Sheet, BUilt Built -Up Roof (BUR) and Liquid Applied Roof Assemblies for Use inClass 1 and Noncombustible Roof Deck Construction, 2012 2016 .

FM 4471, Class 1 Panel Roof, 2010.

FM 4975, Fire Retardant Paints and Coatings Over Combustible Surfaces, 1974.


Updated address and dates for reference publications.



Public Input No. 5-NFPA 276-2017 [Section No. B.1.2.1] address change





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Public Input No. 9-NFPA 276-2017 [ Section No. B.2.1 ]

B.2.1 FM Publications.

FM Global, 1301 Atwood Avenue, P.O. Box 7500, Johnston, RI 02919.

FM 4454, Lightweight Insulating Concrete for Use in Class 1 and Noncombustible Roof Construction, 2010.

FM 4470, Single-Ply, Polymer-modified Bitumen Sheet, BUilt-Up Roof (BUR) and Liquid Applied Roof Assemblies for Use in Class 1and Noncombustible Roof Deck Construction, 2012.

FM 4471, Class 1 Panel Roof, 2010.

FM 4472, Cementitious Panel Roof Decks, 2016.

FM 4975, Fire Retardant Paints and Coatings Over Combustible Surfaces, 1974.


Adding a new standard that references NFPA 276.







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ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.


ASTM C1288, Standard Specification for Discrete Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Interior Substrate Sheets (2014)

ASTM C1396/C 1396 M, Specification for Gypsum Board, 2013 2014a .



date update and revisions in accordance with another public input in fiber cement board








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5.2.1

Thin surface materials, thermoplastic products that melt, paints, and varnishes shall be applied, depending on their end use, to oneof the substrates identified in 5.2.1.2 through 5.2.1.4 . a substrates based on the intended use, as described below.

5.2.1.1

When mounted on substrates described in 5.2.1.2 and 5.2.1.3 , materials that use studs for support in an actual installation shallnot be required to incorporate studs and the associated airspace in the test specimen.

5.2.1.2

The following substrates shall be acceptable: Noncombustible

If the materials are intended to be applied directly to a noncombustible wall or ceiling surface, the specimens shall consist of thematerial mounted on fiber cement board as described in 5.8.6 or on noncombustible fiber-reinforced silicate board with a dry density

of 680 kg/m 3 ±50 kg/m 3 (42 lb/ft 3 ±3 lb/ft 3 ), at a thickness of 9 mm to 13 mm ( 3 ⁄ 8 in. to 1 ⁄ 2 in.)

Noncombustible board with a dry density of 1650 kg/m 3 ±150 kg/m 3 (103 lb/ft 3 ±9 lb/ft 3 ), at a thickness of 9 mm to 13 mm

( 3 ⁄ 8 in. to 1 ⁄ 2 in.)

Ordinary particleboard with a density of 680 kg/m 3 ±50 kg/m 3 (42 lb/ft 3 ±3 lb/ft 3 ) at normal conditioning atmosphere of 50

±5 percent relative humidity and 23°C ±2°C (73°F ±4°F) temperature, at a thickness of 9 mm to 13 mm ( 3 ⁄ 8 in. to 1 ⁄ 2 in.)

a 1⁄4 in.

5.2.1.2* If the materials are intended to be applied over gypsum board, the specimens shall consist of the material mounted ongypsum

5.2.1.3 If the materials are intended to be applied over a wood substrate, the specimens shall consist of the material mounted onuntreated plywood of the same thickness as the wood substrate used in field practice, in accordance with 5.2.1.3.1.

5.2.1.3.1 The substrate shall consist:

(1) Consist of the “A” face of nominal 12 mm (15⁄32 in.) untreated plywood with a face veneer of Douglas fir.

(2) The plywood shall comply with NIST Voluntary Product Standard PS 1, Structural Plywood.

(3) The plywood shall carry one of the following grade stamps, issued by a quality control agency:

(a) APA-The Engineered Wood Association

(b) TECO, indicating that the plywood has been graded PS 1 A-B and is for exterior exposure

(c) CSA Standard O121, Douglas Fir Plywood.

5.2.1.4 If the substrate to be used in actual field application is known, the materials shall be permitted to be mounted on thatsubstrate.

5.2.1.5 When mounted on substrates described above, materials that use studs for support in an actual installation shall not berequired to incorporate studs and the associated airspace in the test specimen.

5.2.1.3 6 *

Other noncombustible substrates shall be acceptable if the end use of the product requires them.

5.2.1.4 7

The use of alternative substrates as permitted by 5.2.1. 3 6 shall be justified in the report.


This public input is intended to eliminate the ambiguity by which materials are tested over combustible substrates and used over noncombustible ones. The choice of substrates is based on what is common practice in other fire tests.




* Gypsum wallboard, complying with ASTM C1396/C1396M, Specification for Gypsum Board , at a thickness of 12.7 mm to

15.9 mm ( 1 ⁄ 2 in. to 5 ⁄ 8 in.)

wallboard, complying with ASTM C1396/C1396M, Specification for Gypsum Board , at a thickness of 12.7 mm to

15.9 mm ( 1 ⁄ 2 in. to 5 ⁄ 8 in.)


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5.8.6 Wall or Ceiling Coverings Intended to Be Applied Directly to a Noncombustible Wall or Ceiling Surface.

If the wall or ceiling coverings are intended to be applied directly to a noncombustible wall or ceiling surface (namely one comprised

of a material passing ASTM E136 , Standard Specification for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 o C ) thespecimens shall consist of the wall or ceiling covering mounted on a nominal 6 mm (¼ in.) thick fiber-cement board, complying fiber-cement board in accordance with 5.8.6.1.

5.8.6.1 The fiber cement board shall comply with ASTM C1186, Standard Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement Sheets, (Grade II),and passing or with ASTM E136 C1288 , Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at750°C. Specification for Discrete Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Interior Substrate Sheets , and the following additional properties:

(a) Nominal thickness shall be 1⁄4 in. (6.3 mm);

(b) The density shall be 90 ± 10 lb/ft 3 (1442 ± 160 kg/m 3 );

(c) The board shall be uncoated;

(d) The board shall be able to stay in place throughout the test, and

(e) The board shall be suitable for test sample adhesion.


The proposal does three things: (a) clarifies what is a non-combustible material, (b) eliminates the requirement that the fiber cement board meet ASTM E136 since present-day boards do not meet the requirement and (c) describes the fiber cement board more adequately.








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Public Input No. 2-NFPA 286-2015 [ Section No. D.1.2.2 ]


ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959.

ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2013a 2016 .

ASTM E800, Standard Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or Generated During Fires, 2007 2014 .

ASTM E2573, Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Site-Fabricated Stretch Systems to Assess SurfaceBurning Characteristics, 2012.

ASTM Institute for Standards Research, “Interlaboratory Test Program: Proposed ASTM Standard Method for Room Fire Test of Walland Ceiling Materials and Assemblies,” International Fire Standards Project Report, PCN: 33-000012-31, October 1994.


date update




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1.1.2.1

Test Method 2 (flat specimen configuration) shall apply to the following:

(1) Decorative materials other than fabrics meeting the requirements of 1.1.1.1

(2) Fabrics, including multilayered fabrics, films, and plastic blinds, with or without reinforcement or backing, with areal densities

greater than 700 g/m2 (21 oz/yd2)

(3) Vinyl-coated fabric blackout linings and lined draperies using a vinyl-coated fabric blackout lining

(4) Plastic films

(5) Fabrics, with or without reinforcement or backing, used for decorative or other purposes inside a building or as temporary orpermanent enclosures for buildings under construction

(6) Fabrics used in the assembly of awnings, tents, tarps, membrane structures or banners


The wording proposed for deletion will cause confusion since the section on Test Method 2 already explains when testing is to be done in the flat or folded specimen configuration.




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Public Input No. 4-NFPA 701-2016 [ Sections 1.1.2.3, 1.1.2.4 ]

Sections 1.1.2.3, 1.1.2.4

1.1.2.3

Test Method 2 shall be used for testing plastic films, with or without reinforcement or backing, when used for decorative or otherpurposes inside a building or as temporary or permanent enclosures for buildings under construction.

1.1.2.4

Test Method 2 shall apply to fabrics used in the assembly of awnings, tents, tarps, and similar architectural fabric structures andbanners.


The text in these sections is a duplication of the text above and is unnecessary.




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ASTM D5025, Standard Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials, 2012 e1 .

ASTM D5207, Standard Practice for Confirmation of 20-mm (50-W) and 125-mm (500-W) Test Flames for Small-Scale Burning Testson Plastic Materials, 2009 2014 .

ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials,2013a 2016 .


date updates




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Submittal Date: Sun Jan 03 21:13:49 EST 2016


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Public Input No. 33-NFPA 701-2016 [ Section No. 17.6 ]

17.6 Test Results.

The results from individual specimens as well as the sample average for the following measurements and observations shall bereported:

(1) The time of burning for any material that falls to the bottom of the test chamber to the nearest 0.5 second

(2) The mass of each specimen [to the nearest gram (ounce)] before and after exposure to the ignition flame (Test Method 1)

(3) The char length to the nearest 3 mm (0.12 in.) (Test Method 2)

(4) The afterflame time to the nearest 0.5 second (Test Method 2)

(5) The formation of flaming droplets or other flaming debris during the test

(6) Any unusual behavior of specimens and other observations beyond those above


The phenomenon of flaming droplets or flaming debris is an important observation because that indicates that the material can generate pool fires and can spread the fire beyond its immediate vicinity in a way beyond what would be expected simply from the upward flame spread and the mass loss (or radiation or heat release).




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Submittal Date: Fri Dec 23 13:19:06 EST 2016


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Public Input No. 34-NFPA 701-2017 [ Section No. A.1.1 ]

A.1.1

A small-scale test method appeared in NFPA 701 until the 1989 edition. It was eliminated from the test method because it has beenshown that materials that “pass” the test do not necessarily exhibit a fire performance that is acceptable. The test was is notreproducible for many types of fabrics and could not cannot predict actual full-scale performance. It should not , therefore, not beused.


editorial changes - as the test still exists (and is referenced by many producers) it needs to be put in the present tense.




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Public Input No. 2-NFPA 701-2016 [ Section No. E.1.2.1 ]



ASTM D3659, Standard Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Fabrics by Semi-Restraint Method, 1980 (1993 e1; withdrawn 2001).

ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 2013a 2016 .


date update




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Submittal Date: Sun Jan 03 21:15:33 EST 2016


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Previously cleared and submitted to NFPA, March 2016

Proposed Change to NFPA 260: Improved Foam Specifications: 4.7

CPSC Rationale CPSC Rationale 4: A number of the physical and chemical properties of foam affect its smoldering combustion

behavior. CPSC collaborated with NIST to understand the variability of the foam substrate. NIST work has shown

that only specifying these characteristics is not sufficient to fully characterize consistently performing test foam.

The Task Group should consider the information in NIST Technical Note 1747, “Factors Influencing the

Smoldering Performance of Polyurethane Foam,” as a basis for additional specifications for indentation load

deflection and air permeability. (http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/TechnicalNotes/NIST.TN.1747.pdf)

Changes 4.7 Polyurethane Foam Substrate. The polyurethane foam substrate shall be an open-celled, polyether-type, urethane UFAC foam having a density of 28 kg/m3 to 30 kg/m3,

Indentation Load Deflection (ILD):25 to 30, Air permeability: Greater than 4.0 ft3/min and containing no inorganic fillers and shall not be treated with flame retardants.

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http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/TechnicalNotes/NIST.TN.1747.pdf

New material to submit to NFPA

4.7 Polyurethane Foam Substrate.

4.7.1 The Polyurethane Foam Substrate shall have the following specifications based on physical test methods described in ASTM-D3574-08.

4.7.2 The foam shall be open-cell, polyether-based conventional flexible polyurethane foam, produced using propylene oxide/ethylene oxide polyol with no ethylene oxide end capping with 80/20 TDI blend (No Natural Oil Polyol content); without the addition of fire-retardant products, liquid or solid, or post-production FR treatment; without added anti-oxidant or foam stabilizer additives; without anti-microbial or anti-static additives; color: natural - no colorants or whitening additives; and crush foam to 90% after curing.

4.7.3 The polyurethane foam shall have a Density: 1.80 +/- 0.05 lb/ft3 (28.0 - 29.6 kg/m3); Indentation Load Deflection (25% IFD): 27 to 33; Airflow: 3.5 to 4.0 cfm (ASTM D737 Frazier using 2" x 2" orifice plate or DOW instrument) test airflow using crushed foam;

4.7.4 Samples to be cut horizontally such that the thickness is perpendicular to the foam rise as shown in Figure 4.7.4. The Polyurethane foam shall be cut from the top surface of the sample no less than 12" from top of bun, no less than 12” from the bottom of the bun, and no closer than 12" from bun sidewalls.

Figure 4.7.4

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