AGENDA MAY 5

Objective: Describe the characteristics and classifications of animals.

1. PLANTS Tests2. DO NOW3. Introduce the Animal Chapters – Chapter 264. Review and Homework QUIZ ON THURSDAY MAY 7

INVERTEBRATES AND VERTEBRATES

CHAPTERS 26 – 32

ANIMALS

DO NOW

Work with a partner.

Select an animal.

List as many biological facts about the animal as you can.

Why is it classified as an animal.

CHAPTER 26: WHAT IS AN ANIMAL?

Members of Kingdom Animalia

Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophs Cells DO NOT have cell walls

Invertebrates DO NOT have a backbone or vertebral column

Vertebrates HAVE a backbone.

ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS

1. Feeding2. Respiration3. Circulation4. Excretion5. Response6. Movement7. Reproduction

Processes involve Feedback Inhibition – processes are limited or stopped

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPLEX ANIMALS

1. Cell Specialization and Levels of Organization

2. Body Symmetry

3. Cephalization – Nerves or sense organs at front of body

4. Body Cavity – fluid filled space for internal organs

*** Embryos develop in layers ***

BODY SYMMETRY

Radial Symmetry – animals can be divided into many equal halves using multiple planes

Bilateral Symmetry – animals only divided into two equal halves using one single plane

SPONGES CNIDARIANS

Two stage life cycle. 1st stage = POLYPFew specialized cells 2nd stage = MEDUSA

No Organs or Tissues

Have body symmetry and

specialized tissues

AGENDA MAY 6

Objective: Describe the characteristics and classifications of animals.

1. DO NOW – Homework Check2. More on the Animal Chapters – Chapter 27 and 284. Review and Homework QUIZ ON THURSDAY MAY 7 Chapters 26, 27, and 28

CHAPTER 27 WORMS AND MOLLUSKS

Coelem – fluid-filled body cavity

Ganglia – groups of nerve cells that control nervous systemNot complex enough to be called a brain

Septa – internal walls that divide the different body segments of annelids

Pharynx – muscular tube near the mouth Directs food for digestion

WORMS MOLLUSKS

Have bilateral symmetry and Soft bodied animals

Cephalization. Internal or external shell

Contain Tissues and Internal Organs Cephalopods

Segmented or Unsegmented Bodies A head attached to a foot divided into tentacles or arms

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

OPEN Circulatory System – blood is not contained within a network of blood vessels Blood is pump through a series of sinuses (saclike openings) by a simple heart

CLOSED Circulatory System – blood is contained within a network of blood vessels

CHAPTER 28 ARTHROPODS AND ECHINODERMS

Tracheal tubes – network of tubes used for breathing in most land based arthropods

Malpighian tubules – saclike organs that extract waste from the blood

Waste is added to digestive waste to be removed

Molting – shedding of an exoskeleton as an arthropod growsA larger exoskeleton is manufactured to replace the old

one

ARTHROPODS ECHINODERMS

Segmented Bodies Internal skeleton

Jointed appendages Water vascular system

Exoskeletonsof chitin Radial symmetry

Groups Crustaceans Spiders Insects

METAMORPHOSIS

Incomplete Metamorphosis – immature forms of an insect look very similar to adult forms

Complete Metamorphosis – Larvae and early stages of development look, feed, and behave nothing like adult stages of the organism.

What is another example of complete metamorphosis?

EXIT PASS MAY 6

Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper…

1. What are the functions of tracheal tubes and malpighian tubes?

2. Compare the structure of an arthropod with an echinoderm.

CHAPTER 30 CHORDATES Vertebrae – individual segments of a backbone found in vertebrates

Cartilage – strong tissue that supports the body more flexible than bone

Cerebrum – two lobes responsible for all voluntary activities of the body

Cerebellum – coordinates body movements

Medulla oblongata – controls functioning of many internal organs

FISHES

Aquatic vertebrates

Paired fins

Scales

Gills

Groups of fish

1. Jawless fish

2. Cartilaginous fish

3. Bony fish

APPEARANCE OF LAND ANIMALS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-WV9vDcyvc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOKW_7KajCU

How did these animals adapt?

Why does the existence of this animal support the theory of Evolution?

EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATIONS IN AMPHIBIANS

1. Bones in limbs became strongerMore efficient movement

2. Lungs and breathing tubes allowed breathing of air

3. Sternum (breastbone) formed a bony shield to support and protect internal organs especially lungs

CHAPTER 31: REPTILES

Reptiles developed terrestrial eggs with several membranes. Do not require water to reproduce like amphibians

Allowed reptiles to adapt to live on land.

1. Well-developed lungs

2. double-loop circulatory system

3. water-conserving excretory system

4. strong limbs

5. internal fertilization

6. shelled, terrestrial eggs

BIRDS ARE REPTILELIKE ANIMALS

Reptiles are ectotherms

Birds maintain a constant internal body temperature

Outer covering of feather

Two legs covered with scales for walking/perching

Front limbs modified into limbs

DEVELOPMENT OF FEATHERS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fyxUxGdrns

Jurassic Period – Dinosaurs ruled EarthArchaeopteryx appeared – first birdsFossils show skulls/teeth of dinos but body and feathers of birds

FORM, FUNCTION, AND FLIGHT

Birds adapted to fly with

1. highly efficient digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems.

2. aerodynamic feathers and wings

3. strong, lightweight bones

4. strong chest muscles

CHAPTER 32: MAMMALS

Mammals are identified by

1. Have hair2. ability to nourish young with milk3. breathe air4. have four-chambered hearts5. endotherms that generate internal body heat

FUNCTIONS

Diaphragm – powerful muscle that increases volume of chest cavity pulling air into lungs Pushes air out of lungs when diaphragm is relaxed

Cerebral Cortex – well-developed outer layer of the cerebrum Center of thinking and complex behaviors including reading

Primates share specific adaptations

Binocular vision, well-developed cerebrum, long fingers and toes, and arms that rotate around their shoulder joints

Binocular vision allows for merging of images from both eyes depth perception and 3D sight