agenda finish micropipette lab- turn in do the pink mixing worksheet- turn in take demonstration...
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AgendaFinish micropipette lab- turn in
Do the pink mixing worksheet- turn in
Take Demonstration Quiz using Micropipettes
Cells Unit- pretest
Cells Unit notes- Obj. 7.1 and 7.2
Turn in composition notebooks
HW: Obj. 7.1 and 7.2
(Do on a separate sheet of paper)
Cells!What are they?Who has them?
What do they do?
Cells Pre-Test
On the top part of your guided notes, answer these questions:
A. What is a cell?
B. Where are cells found?
C. Who has cells?
D. What do cells do?
E. Where else have you heard the term ‘cell’, not related to Biology?
F. Draw a cell, with as many parts as you can
Look at your cell drawing on the pre-test:
Did it look like this?
This is a typical animal cell, but cells come in all shapes and sizes…
Neuron (brain cell)
Amoeba
Skin Cells
Muscle Cells
Bacteria
What is a Cell?
• The cell is the smallest unit of life!
• The Cell Theory states:– All living things are composed of cells– Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things– All new cells come from pre-existing cells
Great Moments in Cell-Hood
• Robert Hooke named the tiny chambers in cork (from trees) “cells” in 1665.
• Schleiden and Schwann concluded that plants and animals are made of cells in 1838 and 1839.
• First images looked
like this:
(Pretty boring!!!)
Great Moments in Cell-Hood
Now, we use scanning electron microscopes to see cells like this:
Samples are chemically preserved, dried, placed in a vacuum, and shot with a beam of electrons!
It’s that easy…
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes• Living things are called
prokaryotes or eukaryotes based on their cells
• Prokaryotes have DNA, but it is not contained in a nucleus
• Prokaryotes are simpler and unicellular
Eukaryotes
• Eukaryotes have organelles enclosed in membranes
• DNA is enclosed in a nucleus
• Eukaryotes are uni or multicellular
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
• Eukaryotic cells contain organelles, which serve specific functions
• Each organelle is essential to overall cell function
Organelles for Protein-Making
• The following organelles work to make proteins, which make up you!
• Nucleus- contains DNA (directions to make proteins); control center of cell
• Nuclear Envelope- perforated coating around nucleus; allows good things in and keep bad things out
• Chromatin/Chromosomes- form DNA is in while inside nucleus
Organelles for Protein-Making
• Nucleolus- knot of DNA where production of ribosomes occurs
• Ribosomes- where proteins are assembled using directions from DNA
Organelles for Lipids and Transport
• The following organelles work to make lipids and transport molecules:
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- assembles lipids;
transports proteins being made– Smooth ER: no ribosomes
on it– Rough ER: ribosomes on
outside – Some ribosomes float
around freely
Organelles for Lipids and Transport
• Golgi Apparatus- modifies, sorts, packages proteins and lipids from the ER
• Molecules are being packaged to be stored in cell or sent out of cell
Organelles for Lipids and Transport
• Cell Membrane- cell covering that controls what enters and exits cells
Organelles for Energy
• The following organelles are make and convert energy to useable forms!
• Mitochondria- Do respiration for you! They convert food into ATP (molecule that powers your bodily processes). Gives off CO2 in the process.
Organelles for Energy
• Chloroplasts- Do photosynthesis for plants! Capture light energy and use it to convert CO2 to sugar.
Organelles for Energy
• To the right of your mitochondria picture, write the following equations:
Photosynthesis:
Respiration:
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP!
Organelles for Structure and Storage
• The following organelles provide structure and storage:
• Cytoskeleton- protein highway that maintains cell shape and transports molecules
• Cytoplasm- liquidy goo
that organelles float in
Organelles for Structure and Storage
• Cell Wall- rigid cell covering that gives cells shape and support (plants only!)
• .• ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
• Vacuole- storage organ
Organelles for Garbage Disposal
• Please add this at the bottom of your notes! Then, give it its own color on your yellow worksheet.
• The lysosome breaks down old organelles, incorrect made proteins and lipids, and foreign objects
• It contains digestive
enzymes with a pH
of 4.5!
Plant vs. Animal Cells
• Plant and Animal Cells differ in three ways:– Plant cells have cell walls– Plant cells have large vacuoles– Plant cells have chloroplasts