AGENDA

1. Review SOAPSTone

2. The Rhetorical Basics: - Take notes in your notebook.

3. Practice with the Rhetorical Appeals - Small group work.

CONTEXTCONTEXT • The setting or specific set of The setting or specific set of

circumstances in which a speech circumstances in which a speech or text is created. or text is created.

• In the SOAPSTone strategy, this In the SOAPSTone strategy, this is called the OCCASION.is called the OCCASION.

• A question to ask when A question to ask when considering CONTEXT is “Why considering CONTEXT is “Why MUST the writer create this MUST the writer create this piece?”piece?”

PURPOSEPURPOSE • The writer’s objective for creating The writer’s objective for creating

the piece. the piece.

• A question to ask when considering A question to ask when considering PURPOSE is “What does the writer PURPOSE is “What does the writer want to ACCOMPLISH?”want to ACCOMPLISH?”

THE RHETORICAL TRIANGLETHE RHETORICAL TRIANGLE • The relationship between the three The relationship between the three

elements of the triangle help to elements of the triangle help to deepen our understanding of the deepen our understanding of the text. text.

SPEAK

ER

AU

DIEN

CE

SUBJECT

SPEAKERSPEAKER• What impression do

you want to make?

• How will you convince readers to believe you? (credibility)

• What do you have in common with the audience in order to create a bond with them?

AUDIENCEAUDIENCE• How much do they already How much do they already

know about your subject? know about your subject?

• What do they expect to see in What do they expect to see in this document? (format, this document? (format, diction, style)diction, style)

• What prejudices or pre-What prejudices or pre-conceptions might they have conceptions might they have about your subject?about your subject?

• What are their interests? What are their interests?

• What do they need to know? What do they need to know?

SUBJECTSUBJECT• What is your topic?

• What is the best organization or format to present this topic?

• How comfortable are you or your audience with this topic?

• What is prompting you to tackle this subject?

Advertisement ExerciseTake a look at the following

advertisements.

In your notebook for this class, identify the following regarding this ad:

-The Subject (or product)

-The Speaker

-The Audience

-The Tone (what kind of “attitude” does the advertisement have?)

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Rhetorical Appeals • We have already utilized SOAPStone to

identify some of the characteristics of effective argumentation.

• As writers, we will use SOAPStone to maximize how we deliver our messages.

• We must also begin to address how to best target our audience, establish context, and represent ourselves in order to fit our purpose and subject.

• To achieve this “best,” we use Rhetorical Appeals.

Record in your notebook:

Rhetorical Appeals: Tools that help the writer make his or her argument more appealing to the audience.

Ethos / Pathos / Logos

Ethos = “ethical appeal”• How does the speaker present him or

herself?

• As an effective writer, you can control how your audience perceives you.

• Speakers often use allusions, quotes, and references to build their own ethos.

Ethos Example

Politicians. In politics, it’s all about perception. Consider how politicians use their appearance, dress, speaking characteristics, and mannerisms to affect how we perceive them.

Pathos = “emotional appeal”

• How well does the speaker appeal to the audience’s emotions?

• The emotions need to match the subject, purpose, and context.

• As writers, we need to consider how to manipulate our reader’s emotions.

• Emotional appeals can be effective or overwhelming - consider Hallmark commercials.

Pathos ExampleWedding speeches and eulogies. When

giving these types of speeches, the speaker is almost always aware of the audience’s expectations. For wedding speeches and toasts, the audience typically expects to be entertained and reminded of love. In a eulogy, the audience members are already emotional, and they expect the speaker to match their serious and sad state.

Logos = “logical appeal”

• How well does the speaker use his or her own text to make an effective argument?

• Is the argument rational and well-constructed?

• How well does the speaker support his or her thesis?

• Speakers will often use facts, statistics, and references to create logos.

Logos Example

Legal documents. Most effective laws and legal decisions rely heavily on logos. For example, within the United States’ judicial system, the punishment is supposed to fit the crime. Faulty logic may lead to unequal punishments, which is typically not tolerated.

HOMEWORK (from yesterday)HOMEWORK (from yesterday)• You must obtain (and bring to class!) a print You must obtain (and bring to class!) a print

advertisement. It may be from a magazine, advertisement. It may be from a magazine, newspaper, or internet source. newspaper, or internet source.

• We are going to be looking at multiple ads next We are going to be looking at multiple ads next week, so please bring in ads that strike you in week, so please bring in ads that strike you in

some way.some way.

Community Appeal LetterCommunity Appeal Letter

We learned about We learned about CONTEXT, PURPOSE, CONTEXT, PURPOSE, and the rhetorical and the rhetorical triangle using the triangle using the SOAPSTone reading SOAPSTone reading strategy. strategy.

HOMEWORK

Consider the following scenario: You are a local community activist who needs to raise money to fund a program that will help stem violence in your community. You have three contacts: the the owner of a neighborhood mini-martowner of a neighborhood mini-mart who lives with his two teenage sons in your neighborhood, a successful preachera successful preacher in your community whose sermons are syndicated across the country, and a reformed gang a reformed gang member member whose memoir of his life of crime and transformation in prison has become a New York Times bestseller.

HOMEWORK

• Because of time constraints, you are limited to making a plea to only one person.

• Write down responses to the following:

1. To whom you plan to appeal for help? 2. Why did you choose this person?