AGE OF DISCOVERY

Age of Discovery

Age of Reconnaissance

Age of Expansion

AGE OF DISCOVERY

New Threat

– Ottoman Turks

»Conquered Constantinople in 1453

• Eastern barrier between Europe and Muslims now gone

- Expansion is one way to strengthen Europe against Muslim threat

- Spanish reconquista has pushed Muslims out of Spain

EUROPEANS

Three things that will contribute to Exploration

– Advances in Navigation techniques

– Advances in Shipbuilding

– Gunpowder

EUROPEANS

European Commerce in East and Exploration

– Maximize profits -

»Remove Muslim middle-men from trade routes

»Reduce time to transport goods from Asia

EUROPEANS

Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal

EUROPEANS

Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal

– Dinis Dias - 1445

EUROPEANS

EUROPEANS

Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal

– Dinis Dias - 1445

– Bartolomeu Dias - 1488

EUROPEANS

EUROPEANS

Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal

– Dinis Dias - 1445

– Bartolomeu Dias - 1488

– Vasco da Gama - 1497

EUROPEANS

EUROPEANS

Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal

– Dinis Dias - 1445

– Bartolomeu Dias - 1488

– Vasco da Gama – 1497

Portugal will control the sea routs around Africa

– Will dominate spice trade

– Success will launch era of exploration as other nations attempt to compete

EUROPEANS

EUROPEANS

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

– Christopher Columbus - 1492

»Wanted to compete with Portuguese – went west because Portuguese controlled the African coast.

»Columbus believed he had reached the East Indies

• Never realized that he had found something new

EUROPEANS

EUROPEANS

Amerigo Vespucci

Other Spanish Explorers

– Vasco Nunez de Balboa – 1513

»Panama

– Ferdinand Magellan

»Circumnavigated the globe

• Sept. 8, 1519-Sept. 6, 1521

• Started with 270 men –> 18 returned

EUROPEANS

EUROPEANS

The Spanish Conquest

– Mexico & the Aztecs

»Hernando Cortez

EUROPEANS

The Spanish Conquest

– Mexico & the Aztecs

»Hernando Cortez

»Quetzalcoatl

»Tenochtitlan (Mexico City)

»Moctezuma II

EUROPEANS

The Spanish Conquest

– Peru & the Inca

»Francisco Pizarro

»Atahualpa

EUROPEANS

EUROPEANS

Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494

EUROPEANS

Spain’s Rivals

– John Cabot – English (Italian)

– Jacques Cartier – French (French)

– Henry Hudson – Dutch (English)

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

Biological exchange between Old and New

Worlds

Diseases

– Measles, Tuberculosis, Cholera and Smallpox

»Nearly 90 percent of Native Americans died by 1592!

– Syphilis – America to Europe

»Thousands of Europeans died in Syphilis epidemic

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

Agriculture

– Sheep and cattle destroy native Agriculture

– European diet benefits

– Potatoes

– Tomatoes

– Corn

– Beans

– Fruits

»Causes population boom in Europe

Lecture 14