AFTERMATH OF THE

FRENCH REVOLUTION

A NEW CONSTITUTION:

CONSTITUTION OF 1795 • Legislative Branch (2 Houses)

• Council of 500- writes laws

• Council of Elders-approves or

rejects laws

• Members of qualified voters vote

for members of both houses

• Executive Branch

• “The Directory”

• Council of Elder’s choose the

Directors out of the Council of 500

• Not everyone liked the new system

• Some wanted a Monarchy again

• Some wanted a stricter

government (like Robespierre’s

system)

• The Directory relied on military

to stay in power

• Government was still in debt

• France still involved in wars

COUP D’ETAT

• A military leader Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the Directory and claimed power in a coup d’etat (a sudden overthrow of the government

• Created a new government, the “consulate”

• In theory, a republic but he had absolute control

• Eventually he crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

• Born 1769 in Corsica, an island in the Mediterranean Sea

• Captain of the French Army

• Speed

• Surprise

• Decisive action

• Spoke with an Italian accent

• One of world’s greatest generals

• Studied the Enlightenment

• A member of the Committee of Public Safety

• Considered a French Hero

• Actually wasn’t that short- 5’6”

• Sold the Louisiana Purchase to the U.S. to help pay off France’s debt

• Beethoven was inspired by Napoleon and named his work “Bonaparte” but when he declared himself Emperor, Beethoven grew upset and renamed it Symphony 3

• His Army discovered the Rosetta Stone

ACTIONS OF NAPOLEON 1. Established peace with the Catholic

Church

-Recognized Catholicism as the

majority church of France in exchange

France can keep church lands seized

during the revolution

2. Codify the Laws (“Napoleonic Code”)

-Pre-Revolution: 300 different laws

across France

-He created the Civil Code including:

-equality for all citizens before the

law

-right of people to chose occupation

-Religious tolerance

-Abolition of Feudal System

-Women lose control of property

when married

-Women could not testify in court

-Difficult to get divorced for women

-Women lost their role in public

ACTIONS OF NAPOLEON

• 3. Created Government officials based on their abilities (not birth)

• Give more opportunities for middle class for upward social class movement

• Aristocracy was more based on military service (60%)

NEGATIVE SIDE OF

NAPOLEON

• 1. Loss of Women’s

rights

• 2. Shut down 60% of

newspapers

• Mail and public

documents were read by

government before

read/published

MILITARY SUCCESSES

• By 1803, France was at war with Britain,

Austria, Russia, Prussia, & Sweden

• “Napoleonic Wars”- His army defeated

Russian, Prussian & Austrian armies

• From 1807-1812, Napoleon conquered

land to create a large empire

• French Empire

• Dependent States- ruled by relatives of

Napoleon

• Allied States- countries defeated by

Napoleon

• Tried to imply French Revolution ideas and

his laws on new lands

WEAKNESSES

• 1. Napoleon never conquered Britain

• Tried to attack by sea, but British navy was too strong

• Tried to stop British shipments and weaken their economy

• But allied states were angry about not being able to trade with Britain

• Many cheated anyway and their economy was trading with the Middle East. Their overseas exports were at record high

WEAKNESSES

• 2. Rise of Nationalism

• Nationalism: a sense of

unique identity of a people

based on common

language, religion, and

national symbols

• As he marched through

Spain, Germany, Poland &

Italy, it united people

together to hate invaders

NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL

• Russia was not following Napoleon’s laws & systems

• He needed to invade to punish them

• June 1812, 600,000 French troops entered Russia

• Russia’s men refused to do battle. They retreated for hundreds of miles burning their own towns to stop French troops from finding food. They even burnt Moscow.

• By winter, French troops were freezing and starving with less then 40,000 men left. They retreated back to Poland in “The Great Retreat”

• This allowed European states to rise against the weak army.

• Paris was captured

• Napoleon was sent in exile to the island of Elba. He tried to commit suicide before being in exile with a poisonous pill (he carried if captured during war). But the pill only caused him to be incredibly sick

• Restored monarchy to France with crowning of King Louis XVIII, brother of executed Louis XVI

KING LOUIS XVIII

• Napoleon left Elba to try to reclaim Emperor

• Austria, Britain, Russia & Prussia vowed to not left him reclaim his rule

• Napoleon grew an army of veterans

• The Battle of Waterloo, on the border of Belgium.

• British and Prussian armies led by Duke of Wellington won.

• Napoleon was sent to exile again to St. Helena, an island in south Atlantic

• Napoleon died 1821, most likely from stomach cancer

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

CAPITALISM ACTIVITY

ADAM SMITH

• Scottish Philosopher

• Influenced Scottish Enlightenment

• Called the Founder of the science of Economic

• Wrote Wealth of Nations (1776)

• Claimed Capitalism was the best form of economics

CAPITALISM

• People should be free to pursue economic interests and all will benefit

• laissez faire-“let people do what they want”

• Government should not interrupt or impose limits/regulations

• Government’s job is to:

• protect society from invasion

• defend citizens from injustice

• provide public works necessary for interactions and trade (roads, canals, etc)

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade & industry are controlled by private owners for profit

MERCANTILISM LAISSEZ-FAIRE

ECONOMICS A nation’s wealth is measured

by:

-the amount of gold or silver in

its treasury

To increase wealth, government

must:

-encourage exports to bring in

gold and silver

-restrict imports to avoid draining

away gold and silver

-give monopolies and financial

support to local businesses to

give them an advantages over

competition

A nation’s wealth is measured

by:

-an annual output of goods and

services

To increase wealth, government

must:

-impose no restrictions on trade,

allowing it to operate freely

-provide no support or monopoly

advantages for local business so

that competition can occur freely

What does Capitalism Look Like?

This is called Competition.

The price of products is determined by

what the customer is willing to pay

Gary Herbert

Gary is selling the very

1st Hoverboard for sale

$20,000

Herbert creates a

Hoverboard for sale

$10,000 Where would you buy it from?

Gary makes a new version of

Hoverboard with bluetooth

speaker system for sale

$12,000

Competition inspires new

inventions and better products Herbert creates a new version of

Hoverboard with glowing lights

for sale $8,000

PROS AND CONS OF

CAPITALISM Pros

-Hard word is rewarded

-More intelligent &

progressive society

-the people are in control,

not the government

-Economic freedom for all

-More efficient production

-encourages better goods

-better goods leads to

better global trade

Cons

-more concern over product

production and less about

employees

-can cause poor working

conditions

-more use of technology=less

employees

-unequal wealth=resentment of

social classes

-business owners decide

employee’s pay (this can be a

pro, too)