africa in the age of the atlantic slave trade
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AP World History. Africa in the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade. Volume of the Slave Trade. 15 th century minimal – to Atlantic island plantations 16 th century – small 17 th c. increase to 16,000 per year 18 th c. most of trade, 7 million slaves, 80% of all trade over all years - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
AP World History
15th century minimal – to Atlantic island plantations
16th century – small17th c. increase to 16,000 per
year18th c. most of trade, 7 million
slaves, 80% of all trade over all years
19th c. slows down, under attack, still exports to Cuba & Brazil (1.7 million)
Slavery was common in African society Where?▪ The Kongo, Ghana, Benin, etc.
All land was owned by the state▪ Owning slaves was a way to gain wealth
Slaves were used for servants, concubines, and field workers
Arrival of Europeans provided new opportunities for expansion of slavery
Competition between rival kingdoms led to endless wars Kingdoms trade
slaves for guns Wars led to political
centralization Slave trade shifts
balance of power From Sudanic Africa
to the Gold Coast, the Kongo, and Angola
Asante is on the Gold Coast Modern day Ghana
Asante were members of the Akan people Began as twenty small states▪ Matrilineal clan lineage
Most prominent clan was the Okoyo Access to firearms allowed the Okoyo to
centralize their authority after 1650 CE Under the leadership of Osei Tutu (d. 1717)
Other Akan clans forced to pay tribute Clans maintain some
autonomy A council advised the ruler
on important issues Used an ideology of unity
to overcome clan divisions Dealt directly with the
Dutch at El Mina Slave made up 2/3 of trade
by 1700
Centralized kingdom Converted to
Christianity Maintained diplomatic
ties with Portugal Attempted to abolish
the slave trade Portugal monopolized
trade with the Kongo Cowries, slaves, Asian
luxuries
Loango, capital city of the Kongo
Dutch East India Co. establish a colony at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652 Provision ships headed to Asia
Large fertile lands were great for farming Used slave labor▪ Slaves brought from Indonesia and other parts of Asia▪ Eventually enslave the natives
Dutch settlers, called Boers, move to Cape Colony in search of land▪ 17, 000 settlers, 26,ooo slaves, and 14,ooo natives by
1800
Swahili city-states continued traditional commerce in the Indian Ocean
Portuguese settlers on the coast used slave soldiers to expand their territories Established plantations growing Asian spices
using African slavesSome African states copied European
plantation system Zanzibar had 100,000 slaves by 1860
Fall of Songhai brought period of violent Islamization Islamic elites vs. animistic natives Violence helped supply slaves to coastal
regions In the 1770s Muslim reform
movements began to spread a “purified” Sufi Islam Movement had a major impact on Fulani
tribe of the Western Sudan
Founded by Usman Dan Fodio Believed he was an instrument of Allah Preached jihad against Hausa kingdoms
Usman’s son founded the Sokoto Caliphate in northern Nigeria Attacked neighboring Muslim kingdoms
Effects of reformist Islam Spread literacy, new centers of trade
emerged, attempts to eliminate pagan practices