Africa and Season of Migration to the NorthMs. MitchellCultural RevolutionsAndover High School

Do Now!

Write down EVERYTHING you think about when you hear “Africa.”

Do not worry about avoiding stereotypes or if your knowledge is uncertain or incomplete.

NO!

But seriously…

Do Now:

Take the Africa pre-quiz. Don’t worry, it’s not for credit. It’s just to get the ball rolling.

Pre-Quiz Answers

1. 54-562. Area comprised of the Saharan desert3. 2,000+4. Varied (desert to rainforest to very cold)5. Egypt’s bordering countries: Libya, Sudan,

Gaza Strip6. One of the following: Easter Seychelles, Sao

Tome and Principe, Comoros, Madagascar

Pre-Quiz Answers

7. Kony: Leader of the Lord’s Resistance Army, a guerilla group that used to operate in Uganda. Americans became aware of him because of a viral video in 20128. Albania9. Lost Boys: The generation of boys orphaned or permanently separated from their parents due to the Sudanese conflicts. Many have been relocated to the US.

Pre-Quiz Answers

10. 201111. Tutsis and Hutus are two ethnic groups in Rwanda. There are virtually no differences in language or religion. The most notable difference is the Tutsis are often more economically well off (and sometimes taller)—but this is not always the case. As far back at the 15th century the groups originated in different countries, but have resided in the same areas since.12.Rwanda (most recently), Burundi before that13. Second Congolese War

Pre-Quiz Answers

14. False. Australia is. Africa comes in 2nd

15. Most of the land cannot be used for agriculture; cash crops from the colonized days, global warming16. 4%

Do Now!

Read and listen to the lyrics to “I Am Africa” from the Broadway musical, The Book of Mormon.

In the play it is sung by a group of entirely white, Mormon boys How is the song a satire? What is it satirizing? What lines help you understand this?

Satire: A type of writing that mocks or pokes fun at a facet of contemporary/popular society. Must be meant to draw attention to a problem or concern.

AFRICA

Africa is NOT a country.Africa is a continent composed of roughly 54

countries and some independent states—depending on who’s counting.

Africa can be divided into two geographic regions: Saharan (North) and Sub-Saharan, referring to the Saharan Desert. The Sahara is the world’s largest desert. The Sahara is expanding southward at about ½ a mile a month

Africa

Population of roughly 1.1 billion people Estimated about 2000 languages are spoken on the

continent 3,000 Ethnic Groups and more physical variations

between Ethnic Groups than anywhere else in the world Northern Africa is predominately Muslim. Islam is the major religion, followed by Christianity—

together they comprise 85% of Africa’s religions Oldest human remains have been found on Africa

(Ethiopia)

Africa

There are fewer people with Internet access in the entire continent of Africa than in New York City alone.

HIV/AIDS is prevalent to varying degrees through the continent.

Life expectancy is 32-74 years old depending on the country.

Animals: Africa is home to the world’s largest land animal (African elephant), the world’s tallest land animal (giraffe), world’s fastest land animal (cheetah) world’s largest reptile (Nile croc), and the largest primate (gorilla)

Do Now!

What is colonization? List everything you know.

Africa: Colonization

All but two African countries have been colonized at one point or another.

Most were colonized by the British, French, and the Portuguese.

Colonization shaped African economies and the effects are still felt today.

During the 1950s African nations began to push for independence.

SUDAN

SUDAN Largest country in

terms of land-area in Africa

Capital: Khartoum Gained

independence in 1956 from Great Britain

Nile River Desert in the north,

flat plains throughout

SUDAN

Arabic and English are official languages Sunni Muslim majority Legal system of mixed Islam law and English common

law Federal republic ruled by the National Congress Party.

Came to power in 1989 through a military coup President Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR. Has ruled

since 1993. Re-elected in 2010. Next election in 2015. 4 years of schooling on average. Approximately 60%

literacy rate.

SUDAN—Civil War Two prolonged civil wars during the second half of the 20th

century 1955-1972 1983-2005

4 Million+ dead Conflicts rooted in “northern economic, political, and social

domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese.” (CIA World Factbook)

Peace talks established southern autonomy in 2005 with a vote 6 years later.

South Sudan established in 2011

“The Lost Boys” of Sudan

Refers to the over 20,000 boys displaced/orphaned during Second Sudanese Civil War

“Most badly war-traumatized children ever examined” –wikipedia Some used as child-soldiers Other traveled on foot for years looking for refuge. Over 1000

miles. 3UNICEF has reunited apprx. 1,200 Lost Boys with their families.

3,800 Lost Boys allowed to relocate to the US 2005: Peace Agreement allowing North/South border crossing for

Lost Boys Paying it Forward

DARFUR CONFLICT/ DARFUR GENOCIDE

Began in 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A)and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) took up arms.

Accused the Sudanese gov. of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in favor of Sudanese Arabs (i.e. an ethnic conflict)

Official Sudanese military and police, and the Janjaweed (Sudanese militia group) vs. rebel groups such as the SLM/A and the JEM.

Despite denying support of the Janjaweed, the Sudanese government has been arming and financially supporting them.

DARFUR CONFLICT

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USLDoIiFzzg

SOUTH SUDAN

SOUTH SUDAN

• Capital of Juba

• Established July 9, 2011 after a vote for independence from Sudan

SOUTH SUDAN

President Salva KIIR Mayardit (since 9 July 2011)

Predominately Christian

Season of the Migration to the North

Written by Tayeb Salih Originally published in Arabic in 1966. Translated into

more than 30 languages. Unnamed narrator. Returns to Sudan after being

educated in England. Mustafa Sa’eed is a stranger in the village with an

interesting past. Narrator becomes intrigued by Mustafa and his past. Banned in Sudan presumably for graphic sexual

content and ant-Islamic content.