affordable housing and k-12 student racial diversity
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Affordable Housing and K-12 Student Racial Diversity. Alison Denton, Ed.D. Arlington Public Schools Leckey Forum: Bricks and Books October 14, 2011. Housing & School Demographics. Relationship is intertwined - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Affordable Housing and K-12 Student Racial
Diversity
Alison Denton, Ed.D.Arlington Public Schools
Leckey Forum: Bricks and BooksOctober 14, 2011
Housing & School Demographics
Relationship is intertwined
Creation of new housing and/or redevelopment of old housing stock has impact on enrollment of public school systemNumber of studentsDiversity of students
Facilities PlanningEnrollment projectionsBoundariesCapacity issues
Total PreK-12 and K-12 Enrollment(September 30th), 1990 - 2010
14000
15000
16000
17000
18000
19000
20000
21000
22000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
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2010
Year
To
tal K
-12
Po
pu
lati
on
K-12 Enrollment
PreK-12 Enrollment
3
4Summary of K-12 Civil Rights Statistics
Fall 1979 to 2010Arlington Public Schools
9.4 11.7 14.3 14.8 14.9 14.3 14.5 13.8 13.1 12.2 11.3 10.6 10.5 10.3 9.9 9.6 9.8 9.8 10.1 9.8 10.1 10.2 10.0 10.0 10.3 10.2 10.3 10.9 10.8 10.7 11.1 9.7
16.016.0
15.5 15.7 15.9 16.2 16.2 15.8 16.4 16.6 16.5 17.3 17.4 17.4 17.7 17.8 17.5 17.2 17.2 16.7 15.7 14.9 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.4 14.1 13.8 13.5 12.9 12.711.3
6.57.1
8.2 9.7 11.1 13.2 14.7 17.2 18.4 19.7 22.0 23.4 25.0 27.1 28.1 29.8 30.2 30.8 31.2 32.4 32.4 33.2 33.9 33.9 32.3 30.9 29.0 27.2 26.4 26.7 26.3 28.2
68.065.1
61.9 59.7 58.0 56.2 54.5 53.1 52.0 51.4 50.1 48.6 47.1 45.1 44.2 42.7 42.3 42.1 41.4 41.1 41.6 41.5 41.8 41.7 42.7 44.0 45.8 47.0 47.9 48.1 48.4 45.7
0%
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40%
60%
80%
100%
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Asian Black Hispanic White
Garden Apartments
5
Students by Housing Type 2010-11
6
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Number of Students Per 100 Units (by Housing Type), 2010-11
05
101520253035404550
SingleFamily
Detached
Apartment- Garden
Apartment- Elevator
Duplex Condo -Garden
Condo -Elevator
Townhouse CountyAverage
APS Racial Demographics by Housing Type (2010-11)
Garden Apartments
Asian: 13%
Black: 22%
Hispanic: 58%
White: 5%
Multiple/Other: 2%
Total Non-White: 95%
Single Family Detached
Asian: 6%
Black: 5%
Hispanic: 15%
White: 68%
Multiple/Other: 6%
Total Non-White: 32%
Research Questions
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Summary of the Study
Investigated the impact of garden apartment redevelopment on K-12 student racial diversity
GIS (geographic information systems) analysis (2004 to 2008)
Redevelopment of garden apartments County-wide Case study
Relationship with changing student enrollment
Survey of 93 “stakeholders” Residents of Garden Apartments Housing Advocates School and County Staff
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Part One – Geographic Information Systems (GIS) AnalysisWhat is the impact of the redevelopment of
garden apartments (through renovation, conversion, or demolition) on student enrollment and racial diversity in the study area?
Gathered relevant data sets142 Block Groups from US Census2004 and 2008 student enrollment data2004 and 2008 parcel information from County
Calculations (2004, 2008, Δ)Garden Apt Parcel Area per Block GroupTotal StudentsTotal White and Non-White Students
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Block Group Analysis Findings(2004 to 2008)
BG that reduced Garden Apt parcels
Total Students: -715
Non-White Students: -852
White Students: +100
No change in Garden Apt parcels
Total Students: +1179
Non-White Students: -6
White Students: +952
Case Studies – Reduced Students1. Conversion of Garden Apartment to Condominium
Reduced total students by 53% (256 students) 94% of students were non-White
2. Renovation of Garden Apartment by for-profit developer
435 unit apartment complex Building improvements led to increased rent of
$500+/month Largest reduction in non-White students (-339)
3. Demolition of Garden Apartment Replaced with high-prices condos Total students decreased 7, non-White 9
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Case Study – Increased Students
4. Renovation of Garden Apts by non-profit developer
465 rental unit complex renovated in 5 phases Families relocated onsite during construction Partnership with County govt – financial package 75% of units preserved as long-term affordable Increase of 54 students, 51 were non-White
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Summary of GIS Findings
Countywide AnalysisReduction of students when Garden Apt
parcels are reduced Total Students Non-White Students
Case StudiesFour types of redevelopmentAffordable housing development can increase
students
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Part Two – Surveys
Participants Recruited 93 participants in 3 groups:
Residents of garden apartments (n = 39) Housing advocates (n = 25) County and School System staff (n = 29)
Procedures Online and hard copy 20 question survey Multiple choice, open-ended, Likert-scale questions Spanish and English
Data analysis to determine significant differences between survey groups and other demographic variables
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Survey – Demographics
Mean age: 37
62% Female, 32% Male
Race Latino 47.3% White 46.2% Black 3.2% Interracial 2.2% Other 1.1%
Family Income Less than $25K/yr
38.0% $25-$50K/yr
18.5% $50-$100K/yr
15.2% Greater $100K/yr
28.3%
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Perceptions – School Advocacy
Racial diversity should be a goal – 55%Housing Advocates 80%Staff 75%Residents 29%
Schools should pursue ways to maintain or increase diverse population – 65%Residents 77%
Support individual students of color otherwise displaced - 67%Residents 73%
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Schools & Affordable Housing:Potential for Increased Partnership
Source of data to measure demographics Current state Impact of development
Voice for most vulnerable studentsRace, income, languageRedevelopment effects our poorest students
Advocates for thoughtful strategies to redevelop
Potential opportunities to create school/community space in new developments
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