ANNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, COIMBATORE

CURRICULUM & SYLLABUS – Regulations 2008

B.E. AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

SEMESTER V

COURSE ID Course Title L T P M C

080180010

Aircraft Rules and Regulations 3 0 0 100 3

080180020

Aircraft Performance 3 0 0 100 3

080180021

Aircraft Structures - II 3 1 0 100 4

080180022

Aerodynamics - II 3 0 0 100 3

080180023

Control Engineering 3 0 0 100 3

080180024

Aircraft Electronics Microprocessor and Applications 3 0 0 100 3

PRACTICAL 080180025

Aircraft Structures Lab - II 0 0 3 100 2

080180026

Aircraft Structures Repair Lab 0 0 3 100 2

080180027

Aero Engine Repair and Maintenance Lab 0 0 3 100 2

080020002

Communication Skills 0 0 3 0

SEMESTER V 080180010 AIRCRAFT RULES AND REGULATIONS 3 0 0 100 3 OBJECTIVE To teach the civil air rules and regulations which are being followed by Directorate General of Civil Aviation. 1. C.A.R. SERIES ‘A’ – PROCEDURE FOR CIVIL AIR WORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS

AND RESPONSIBILITY OPERATORS Vis-à-vis AIR WORTHINESS DIRECTORATE 8

Responsibilities of operators / owners- Procedure of CAR issue, amendments etc., Objectives and targets of airworthiness directorate; Airworthiness regulations and safety oversight of engineering activities of operators. C.A.R. SERIES ‘B’ – ISSUE APPROVAL OF COCKPIT CHECK LIST, MEL, CDL: Deficiency list (MEL & CDL); Preparation and use of cockpit checklist and emergency list. 2. C.A.R. SERIES ‘C’ – DEFECT RECORDING, MONITORING, INVESTIGATION AND

REPORTING 7 Defect recording, reporting, investigation, rectification and analysis; Flight report; Reporting and rectification of defects observed on aircraft; Analytical study of in-flight readings & recordings; Maintenance control by reliability Method. C.A.R. SERIES ‘D’ – AND AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PROGRAMMES Reliability Programmes (Engines); Aircraft maintenance programme & their approval; On condition maintenance of reciprocating engines; TBO – Revision programme; Maintenance of fuel and oil uplift and consumption records – Light aircraft engines; Fixing routine maintenance periods and component TBOs – Initial & revisions. 3. C.A.R. SERIES ‘E’ – APPROVAL OF ORGANISATIONS 10 Approval of organizations in categories A, B, C, D, E, F, & G - Requirements of infrastructure at stations other than parent base. C.A.R. SERIES ‘F’ – AIR WORTHINESS AND CONTINUED AIR WORTHINESS: Procedure relating to registration of aircraft; Procedure for issue / revalidation of Type Certificate of aircraft and its engines / propeller; Issue / revalidation of Certificate of Airworthiness; Requirements for renewal of Certificate of Airworthiness. 4. C.A.R. SERIES ‘L’&’M’ 8 Issue of AME Licence, its classification and experience requirements, Mandatory Modifications / Inspections.

5. C.A.R. SERIES ‘T’&’X’ 12 Flight testing of (Series) aircraft for issue of C of A; Flight testing of aircraft for which C of A had been previously issued. Registration Markings of aircraft; Weight and balance control of an aircraft; Provision of first aid kits & Physician’s kit in an aircraft; Use furnishing materials in an aircraft; Concessions; Aircraft log books; Document to be carried on board on Indian registered aircraft; Procedure for issue of tax permit; Procedure for issue of type approval of aircraft components and equipment including instruments.

TOTAL : 45 TEXT BOOKS

1. “Civil Aviation Requirements with latest Amendment (Section 2 Airworthiness)” – Published by DGCA, The English Book Store, 17-1, Connaught Circus, New Delhi 2000.

2. Aeronautical Information Circulars (relating to Airworthiness) from DGCA 2000. REFERENCES

1. “Aircraft Manual (India) Volume” – Latest Edition, the English Book Store, 17-1, Connaught Circus, New Delhi.

2. Advisory Circulars from DGCA 2003.

080180020 AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE 3 0 0 100 3 1 .LIFT AND DRAG ON FLIGHT PERFORMANCE 12 Streamlined and bluff bodies, aerofoil classification, Aerofoil characteristics, Pressure distribution around aerofoils.. Types of drag, Effects of Reynold’s number on skin friction and pressure drag, Drag reduction of airplanes. , Induced drag,Chordwise and span wise pressure distribution. Aspect ratio, Camber and plan form characteristics, drag polar. 2. STEADY FLIGHT: 8 Steady level flight, Thrust/power, available and required with altitude Estimation of maximum level flight speed, conditions for minimum drag and minimum power required. 3. GLIDING, CLIMBINGAND TURINGPERFORMANCE: 12 Maximum range, Minimum rate of skin a glide, Shallow angle of climb, Rate of climb, time to climb and ceilings, Glide hodograph. Bank angle and load factor, Limitations on turn, Pull up and push over, the v-n diagram. 4. SPECIAL PERFORMANCE: 6 Range and endurance of jet and propeller type of airplanes,estimatioin of take-off and landing distance. High lift devices, Use of thrust augmentation and reverse thrust. 5. PROPELLERS: 7 Froude momentum and blade element theories, Propeller coefficients, Use of propeller charts, performance of fixed and variable pitch propeller. L: 45 TOTAL: 45 TEXT BOOK: 1. John D. Anderson,Jr Aircraft performance and design 2. Houghton, E.L., and Carruthers, N.B., Aerodynamics for engineering students, Edward

Amold Publishers, 1988.

REFERENCE: 1. L.J.Clancy, Aerodynamics, Pitman, 1986. 2. Kuethe, A.M., and Chow, C.Y., Foundations of Aerodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, 1982. 3. J.J. Bertin, Aerodynamics for engineers, Prentice-hall, 1988. 4. Schlichting, E., Aerodynamics of the Airplane, McGraw-Hill, 1979. 5. A.C.Kermode., “Mechanics of Flight”

080180021 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES – II 3 1 0 100 4 OBJECTIVE To study the behavior of various aircraft structural components under different types of loads. 1. UNSYMMETRICAL BENDING 8+3

Bending stresses in beams of unsymmetrical sections – Bending of symmetric sections with skew loads. 2. SHEAR FLOW IN OPEN SECTIONS 10+3 Thin walled beams, Concept of shear flow, shear centre, Elastic axis. With one axis of symmetry, with wall effective and ineffective in bending, unsymmetrical beam sections. 3. SHEAR FLOW IN CLOSED SECTIONS 10+3 Bredt – Batho formula, Single and multi – cell structures. Approximate methods. Shear flow in single & multicell structures under torsion. Shear flow in single and multicell under bending with walls effective and ineffective. 4. BUCKLING OF PLATES 10+3 Introduction to theory of plates & shells. Rectangular sheets under compression, Local buckling stress of thin walled sections, Crippling stresses by Needham’s and Gerard’s methods, Thin walled column strength. Sheet stiffener panels. Effective width, inter rivet and sheet wrinkling failures. 5. STRESS ANALYSIS IN WING AND FUSELAGE 7+3 Procedure – Shear and bending moment distribution for semi cantilever and other types of wings and fuselage, thin webbed beam. With parallel and non parallel flanges, Shear resistant web beams, Tension field web beams (Wagner’s).

TOTAL: 60 TEXT BOOK:

1. “Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students” by Megson T.M.G, published by Edward Arnold 1995

2. “Aircraft Structures” by D.J Peery and J.J. Azar, published by Mc-Graw Hill,N.Y. 1993 3. “Mechanics of Aircraft Structures” by C.T.Sun, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall India,2006.

REFERENCE: 4. “Analysis and Design of Flight vehicles Structures” by E.H. Bruhn, published by Tri-State

off set company,USA,1985 5. “Theory of Plates and Shells” by S.P. Timoshenko and S.W. Krieger, published by Mc-

Graw Hill 1976.

080180022 AERODYNAMICS – II 3 0 0 100 3

OBJECTIVE

To understand the behaviour of airflow both internal and external in compressible flow regime with particular emphasis on supersonic flows. 1. ONE DIMENSIONAL COMPRESSIBLE FLOW 7 Energy, Momentum, continuity and state equations, velocity of sound, Adiabatic steady state flow equations, Flow through converging, diverging passages, Performance under various back pressures. 2. NORMAL, OBLIQUE SHOCKS AND EXPANSION WAVES 15

Prandtl equation and Rankine – Hugonoit relation, Normal shock equations, Pitot static tube, corrections for subsonic and supersonic flows, Oblique shocks and corresponding equations, Hodograph and pressure turning angle, shock polars, flow past wedges and concave corners, strong, weak and detached shocks, Rayleigh and Fanno Flow. Flow past convex corners, Expansion hodograph, Reflection and interaction of shocks and expansion, waves, Families of shocks, Methods of Characteristics, Two dimensional supersonic nozzle contours. 3. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR STEADY COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS

9 Small perturbation potential theory, solutions for supersonic flows, Mach waves and Mach angles, Prandtl-Glauert affine transformation relations for subsonic flows, Linearised two dimensional supersonic flow theory, Lift, drag pitching moment and center of pressure of supersonic profiles. 4. AIRFOIL IN HIGH SPEED FLOWS 6 Lower and upper critical Mach numbers, Lift and drag divergence, shock induced separation, Characteristics of swept wings, Effects of thickness, camber and aspect ratio of wings, Transonic area rule, Tip effects. 5. HIGH SPEED WIND TUNNELS 8 Blow down, indraft and induction tunnel layouts and their design features, Transonic, supersonic and hypersonic tunnels and their peculiarities, Helium and gun tunnels, Shock tubes, Optical methods of flow visualization. TOTAL : 45

TEXT BOOK 1. Rathakrishnan, E., “Gas Dynamics”, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.

REFERENCES 1. Shapiro, A.H., “Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow”, Ronold

Press, 1982. 2. Zucrow, M.J. and Anderson, J.D., “Elements of gas dynamics”, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,

New York, 1989. 3. Mc Cornick. W., “Aerodynamics, Aeronautics and Flight Mechanics”, John Wiley, New

York, 1979. 4. Anderson Jr., D., – “Modern compressible flows”, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York

1999. 5. S.M.Yahya., “Fundamentals of Compressible Flow with Aircraft and Rocket Propulsion”,

New age international publishers. 6. Dr.M.G.S.Potti, “Aerodynamics II”, Monogram-Department of Aeronautical Engineering,

Park College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore.

7. Urray, “Problems in Aerodynamics”, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd.

080180023 CONTROL ENGINEERING 3 0 0 100 3

OBJECTIVE To understand the basic concepts of flight control system. 1. INTRODUCTION 6 Historical review - Simple pneumatic, hydraulic and thermal systems, Series and parallel systems, Analogies - Mechanical and electrical components, Development of flight control systems.

2. OPEN AND CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS 6 Feedback control systems – Block diagram representation of control systems, Reduction of block diagrams, Output to input ratios, Signal flow graph.

3. CHARACTERISTIC EQUATION AND FUNCTIONS 10 Lap lace transformation, Response of systems to different inputs viz., Step input, impulse, ramp, parabolic and sinusoidal inputs, Time response of first and second order systems, steady state errors and error constants of unity feedback circuit. 4. CONCEPT OF STABILITY 15 Necessary and sufficient conditions, Routh – Hurwitz criteria of stability, Root locus and Bode techniques, Concept and construction, frequency response.

5. SAMPLED DATA SYSTEMS 8 Introduction to digital control system, Digital Controllers and Digital PID Controllers.

TOTAL : 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. OGATO, “Modern Control Engineering”, Prentice – Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi,

1998. 2. GOPAL.M. “Control Systems, Principles and design” – Tata McGraw-Hill Publication,

New Delhi, 2000. REFERENCES 1. Azzo, J.J.D. and C.H. Houpis, “Feed back control system analysis and synthesis”,

McGraw – Hill International, 3rd Edition, 1998. 2. Kuo, B.C., “Automatic control systems”, Prentice – Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,

1998. 3. Houpis, C.H. and Lamont, G.B., “Digital Control Systems”, McGraw-Hill Book Co. New

York, USA 1995. 4. Naresh K. Sinha, “Control Systems”, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi

080180024 AIRCRAFT ELECTRONICS & MICROPROCESSOR APPLICATIONS 3 0 0 100 3

Objective: To give the in-depth knowledge in Aircraft Electronics and Principles, Applications of Microprocessors to the students. 1. AIRCRAFT BATTERIES, DIGITAL AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS 7 Aircraft Storage Batteries: Dry Cells and Batteries; Lead Acid Storage Batteries & their maintenance procedures, Installation of Aircraft Batteries. Digital Aircraft Systems, Trouble Shooting Digital Circuits.

2. AIRCRAFT LIGHTS, COMMUNICATION, NAVIGATION & WARNING SYSTEMS 10 Aircraft Lights, Radio Theory: Radio waves, Amplifiers, Functions of a Transmitter & Receivers. Communication & Navigation Systems: VHF Communication Systems, Automatic Direction Finder Systems. Weather Warning Systems: Radar, Digital Airborne Weather Radar Systems. 3. MICROPROCESSORS 12 Block Diagram of Microprocessors – Architecture of Intel 8085, Instruction Classification, Data format and storage, Bus Structure of 8085,Addressing modes, Overview of the 8085 Instruction Set, Development of Simple Assembly Language Program. Internal architecture and functioning of Intel 8086. 4. MICROPROCESSOR MEMORY, INTERFACING PHERIPERALS 9 RAM, ROM, EPROM, Memory Interfacing, Interfacing Input Devices, Memory Mapped I/O, Basic Concepts in Serial I/O, Interfacing a matrix keyboard, 8255,8259,DMA Data transfer & 8237.

5. APPLICATIONS 7 Electronic Flight Systems, Automatic Flight Control Systems, Automatic Flight & Landing Systems, Flight Management System, Ring Laser Gyro.

TOTAL: 45 TEXT BOOKS

1. “Aircraft – Electricity & Electronics” – Thomas K.Eismin –Fifth Edition, 1994,McGrawhill International Editions. (Unit 1,Unit 2 & Unit 5)

2. Goankar R.S., “Microprocessors Architecture. Programming and Applications” (Unit 3 & Unit 4)

REFERENCES

1. “Introduction to Microprocessors”-Aditya P Mathur, Third Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.

2. “Aircraft Instruments & Integrated Systems” EHJ Pallet, Indian Reprint 1996-Longman Scientific & Technical.

3. Aircraft Electrical Systems – by EHJ Pallet, Longman Scientific & Technical

080180025 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES LAB – II 0 0 3 100 2

OBJECTIVE To experimentally study the unsymmetrical bending of beams, find the location of shear centre, obtain the stresses in circular discs and beams using photo elastic techniques, calibration of photo – elastic materials and study on vibration of beams. LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Determination of Unsymmetrical bending of different materials using bend test set up. 2. Determination of Shear centre location for open sections 3. Determination of Shear centre location for closed sections 4. Experiment on Constant strength beam 5. Finding out flexibility matrix for cantilever beam 6. Testing of Beam with combined loading 7. Calibration of Photo- elastic materials 8. Determination of Stresses in circular discs and beams using photoelastic techniques 9. Measurement of Vibrations of beams 10. Wagner beam – Tension field beam experiments.

TOTAL : 45 LIST OF EQUIPMENT (for a batch of 30 students)

Sl.No. Name of the Equipment Qty Experiments Number

1 Beam Test set –up 2 1, 2, 3,4 2 Unsymmetrical sections like ‘Z’ sections 2 1, 2, 3 3 Channel section and angle section 2 1, 2, 3 4 Dial gauges 12 1, 2, 3 5 Weights 1Kg 10 1, 2, 3 6 Weights 2 Kg 10 1, 2, 3 7 Beam Test Set – up 2 3, 4 8 Strain indicator and strain gauges One set 4,5,6 9 Photo – elastic apparatus 1 7,8 10 Amplifier 2 9 11 Exciter 2 9 12 Pick – up 2 9 13 Oscilloscope 2 9 14 Wagner beam 1 10 15. Hydraulic Jack 1 10

080180026 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES REPAIR LAB 0 0 3 100 2 OBJECTIVE To give training on riveting, patchwork, welding and carpentry LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Patch repair welding using TIG. 2. Patch repair welding using MIG. 3. Patch repair welding using Plasma Arc. 4. Exercise on pipe bending 5. Exercise on Riveted joints & repair work. 6. Exercise on composites & repair work. 7. Repair of Sandwich panels. 8. Exercise on Sheet metal forming. 9. Exercise on cable swaging

TOTAL : 45

LIST OF EQUIPMENT

(for a batch of 30 students)

Sl.No. Name of the Equipment Quantity Experiment No.

1 Shear cutter pedestal type 1 6,8 2 Drilling Machine 1 5,6,8 3 Bench Vices 1 5,6,8 4 Radius Bend bars 1 4

5 Pipe Flaring Tools / Pipe Bending Tools 1 9

6 Carbide Gas Plant 1 4 7 MIG Weld Plant 1 2 8 TIG Weld Plant 1 1 9. Plasma welding setup 1 3 10 Cable And Swaging Block 1 9 11 Sandwich / Composite Panels 5 6,7

080180027 AERO ENGINE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE LABORATORY

0 0 3 100 2

OBJECTIVE To introduce the knowledge of the maintenance and repair of both piston and jet aero engines and the procedures followed for overhaul of aero engines. 1. Disintegration of a aircraft piston engine 2. Engine (Piston Engine) - cleaning, visual inspection, NDT checks. 3. Study of Piston Engine Components - dimensional checks. 4. Engine Piston reassembly. 5. Disintegration and study of fuel system of a jet engine 6. Identification of components & trouble shooting of Jet Engine. 7. NDT checks and dimensional checks of Jet Engine 8. Engine starting procedures. 9. Ground running of aircraft.

TOTAL : 45 LIST OF EQUIPMENTS (for a batch of 30 students)

Sl.No Equipments Qty Experiments No.

1. Piston Engines 2 1,2,3,4 2. Jet Aero Engines 2 5,6,7,8 3. Aircraft with serviceable stand 1 1 to 9

4. Precision instruments (Vernier Caliper, Micro meter, Cylinder bore gauge, depth gauge, Bevel Protector and DTI

2 each 3,1,7

5. NDT Equipments (Defectoscope, Dye penetrant method, Hot oil Chalk Method 1 each 2,7

COMMUNICATION SKILLS 0 0 3 0

(Common to all branches)

OBJECTIVE During the seminar session each student is expected to prepare and present a topic on engineering/ technology, for a duration of about 8 to 10 minutes. In a session of three periods per week, 15 students are expected to present the seminar. A faculty guide is to be allotted and he / she will guide and monitor the progress of the student and maintain attendance also. Students are encouraged to use various teaching aids such as over head projectors, power point presentation and demonstrative models. This will enable them to gain confidence in facing the placement interviews.