Adverbial ( 状语 )

1. 状语的概述 状语修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的，说明动作或者状态的特征，或对某特征做补充说明。

He nodded and smiled warmly.

The suitcase is large enough.

He did the work fairly well.

Careful as she is, Lily was knocked down by a car

when crossing the street.

In order to comfort his parents, he has been

occupying himself on study all day long.

2. 状语的种类1.After taking a bath, I went to bed. 2.There are a lot of fish in the sea. Do you speak from experience? 3. He is quick in action. 4. She did it out of curiosity. 5. She woke suddenly only to find someone standing in the doorway. 6.She ran for shelter. 7.We’ll be lucky to get there before dark. 8.They played cricket in spite of the rain. 9. The lecture is not very interesting . 10.” What are you waiting for?” Henry said, his impatience rising.

表地点表方式

表时间

表目的

表结果表目的

表让步表程度

表伴随

表原因

3. 状语的表示法副词： He nodded and smiled warmly.名词： The bridge is 3000 meters long.介词短语 They hold a party in honor of the doctor.名词词组： I’m handling this in my way.动词不定式 ,-ing 形式和过去分词 :Not to disturb other people, they tip-toed into the

room.Given more time, I would have done it better.The teacher walked into the classroom, singing a

popular song.

① 时间状语从句The train left before I reached the station.I saw John when I was walking along the street.② 地点状语从句Where there is a river ,there is a city.A school should be built where the environment is quiet and clean. ③ 原因状语从句Ice cream is junk food because it has a lot of sugar and fat.As it is raining heavily, we have no choice but to take a taxi.④ 方式状语从句 Tom looks as if he were drunk.

状语从句

⑤结果状语从句 My hands are so cold that I can’t write. I got up at five so that I had enough time to prepare my lesson.

⑥目的状语从句 I got up at five so that I could prepare my lesson before seven. He went to summer school, so that he could finish college in three years⑦条件状语从句She will join us on condition that you be there.If it rains ,the sports meeting will be put off.⑧让步状语从句 Clever as she is, she was cheated.No matter what the weather is like, we will carry out our plan.

Charles Dickens’ works display his deep sympathy and love for the poor. In his time ,many people earned very low____________ they could hardly live on. The rich only _______________ themselves with making money, and had no eye for the needs and _____________ of their workers. Opportunities to find well –paid jobs were far from__________. Dickens wrote A Christmas Carol in 1843.When the book appeared, it immediate success. Several of the characters in the book are very striking. There is Bob, who works for Scrooge as a clerk, wearing an old and worn _________ ,and warming his freezing hands over a candle as the windows are covered with_________. And then there is Fred, Scrooge’s ___________, who invites his uncle to a dinner. Finally, there is Santa Claus, who brings Scrooge back to the old days to make him _______ the fact that he only cares for money. And of course Scrooge, a cold, mean man , is always commenting on everything by saying” Humbug!”– an expression typicalOf Dickens’ times.

wagesoccupied

welfare

abundant

overcoatfrost

nephew

admit

2. Fill in the blanks with the phrases from the box.

1.The concert was held ______________ the great composer Mozart.2. A medical team rushed to the disaster where hospitals were______________ doctors and nurses.3.Two minutes of silence were observed ___________ those who died in the war.4. Zhang Nanshan was a responsible and brave doctor ____________the fight against SARS in Guangdong province.5. At the meeting, the headmaster spoke ___________ Tom who had saved the girl from drowning.6. It is important not to lose heart ______________ danger tomorrow.

in memory of

in need of

in memory of in honour of

in charge of

in praise of

in face of

7. Mathilde and her husband turned the whole room upside down _________ the lost necklace.

8. Many people have to suffer today ________ a better tomorrow.

9. Mum turned down my suggestion while Dad spoke __________my idea.

10. After floods had destroyed crops and houses, the farmers in the village were _________ food and shelter.

in search of

in hope of

in favour of

in need of

in want of

关于两种形式的副词 .有些副词有两种形式 , 一种是与形容词同形 , 另一种是由形容词加 -ly 构成 . 这两种不同的形式 , 有些含义相同 , 有些略有不同 , 有些完全不同 .close/ closely 近 fair/ fairly 公正地firm/ firmly 坚定地 loud/ loudly 大声地sure/ surely 确实 , 当然 tight/ tightly 紧紧地 , 牢固地

clear 清楚地 , 完全地 clearly 清楚地 dead 全然地 , 直接地 deadly 死一般地 , 非常 direct 直接地 directly 立刻 , 马上 Easy 容易地 , 缓慢地 easily 容易地 Free 免费地 , 自由地 freely 自由地 , 坦率地 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不 High 高地 , 高度地 highly 高度地 , 非常地 just 仅 , 刚 , 正好 justly 正义地

large 很大地 largely 主要地 , 大规模地 late 晚地 , 迟地 lately 近来 , 不久前 most 最 mostly 大部分

near 近 nearly 几乎 pretty 相当 , 非常 prettily 漂亮地 , 优美地

short 达不到目标地 , 简短地 shortly 立刻 , 简短地 wide 广阔地 , 全部地 widely 范围广地 , 广博地

Choose the correct answers:1.The goods will be sent _______ to you. He answered me very _______. (direct; directly)2.The plane is flying ______. (high; highly) He was ________ praised for his work.3.He came _____. (late; lately) I haven’t heard from him _________.4. This is _____ what I wanted. (just; justly) You should treat him ______.5.You must play _____. (fair; fairly) He did ______ well in his exam.6.The coins were buried _____ in the ground. (deep; deeply) I am ________ moved by the story.

directdirectly

highhighlylate

latelyjust

justlyfair

fairlydeep

deeply