advantages and disadvantages of k to 12

7/26/2019 Advantages and Disadvantages of k to 12

1/10

ADVANTAGES OF K-12 EDUCATION

The program aims to uplift the quality of education in the Philippines in order for graduates to beeasily employed. The

program also aims to meet the standards required for professionals whowould want to work abroad.Most importantly, the

ystem aims to fully enhance and develop the students in order for them tobe well-prepared especially in emotional and

ognitive aspects. Through this, graduates will beable to face the pressures of their future workplace.There may be a lot of

actors to consider for the K!" #ducation to succeed. $ut as long as weopen our minds to change and we will take it on a

positive way, we will de%nitely attain our most-aspired educational standards which will play a great role in our country&s

evelopment and willtherefore, uplift us from poverty.$atas Pambansa blg."'" or the education act of !()* de%nes

lementary education as the %rststage of compulsory, formal education and usually corresponding to si+ or seven

rades,including preschool. To achieve universal primary education, and obectives of education for all#/0 the inclusion of

preschool, currently known as kindergarten in the basic education cycle,making it free and compulsory is presently being

onsidered at the policy level. Kindergarteneducation or the K!" will prepare 1 year old children physically, socially,

motionally, andmentally for formal schooling.K!" will increase the children chance of surviving and completingformal

chooling, reducing dropouts incidence and insuring better school performance. Theuniversal Kindergarten education will th

eadiness and foundationally skills of the children to beready for the primary grades. The other /dvantages are presented

below2

.3#nhancing the quality of basic education in the Philippines is urgent and critical.4

.3The poor quality of basic education is re5ected in the low achievement scores of ilipino students. 6ne reason is thattudents do not get adequate instructional time or timeon task.4. 7nternational test results consistently show ilipino students lagging way behindpractically everybody else in the world. 7he "88) mathematics e+am, for e+ample, wecame in dead last.

9.3The congested curriculum partly e+plains the present state of education.4 Twelve yearsof content are crammed into ten

ears..3This quality of education is re5ected in the inadequate preparation of high schoolgraduates for the world of work orntrepreneurship or higher education.4 7f ten years wereadequate, how come employers do not hire fresh high schoolraduates: ;ow come mosthigh school graduates 5unk the ince most children start ?rade! when they are * years old, theo not reach the legal employable age of !) when theygraduate from high school today..3The current system also reinforces the misperception that basic education is ust apreparatory step for higher education

Ahy prioritiBe the minority of high school graduatesthat go to college:).3The short duration of the basic education program also puts the millions of overseasilipino workers 6As0, especially

professionals, and those who intend to study abroad,at a disadvantage. 6ur graduates are not automatically recogniBed asprofessionals abroad.4The best e+amples are our engineering graduates, who are condemned to international obsnotbe%tting their professional status due to our not having a !"-year basic education cycle..3The short basic education program aCects the human development of the ilipinochildren.4 7f we believe that !@-year-oligh school graduates are emotionally,psychologically, and intellectually mature, why do we require them to get parentalonsentbefore they get married:

DISADVANTAGE of K-12

f the K-!" #ducation Plan becomes successful, then the Philippine education system canbecome more competitive amongther countries around the world. Though there are still someproblems that the government needs to solve before they canuccessfully implement the plan.The proposed program is good but it still wonDt work if the needed elements to make it wosnDtpresent. >uch elements includes the number of public school classrooms plus the adequatesupply of classroom chairs,books, etc. 7f the government could allot a bigger budget toeducational needs, then we could be one-step ahead towards thuccess of the K-!" program.urthermore, parents especially those who belongs in the poor sector0 should be

properlyinformed and motivated of the advantages of the K-!" #ducation Plan. This is very importantsince parents plays amaor role in providing the childDs school allowances, supplies, and feesfor other school proects and activities. /dd to that tupport of parents towards their childrenin terms of guidance and teaching.The Eep#d seems all set to add two more yearshe country&s !8 year basic educationcurriculum. this is a very tough issue to crack. we think it is a clash between reality a

heideal. a question unanswered F is this for the common good:the truth is there are already many problems at the current8-year curriculum and it hasnothing to do with number of years. to enumerate a few F there are not enoughuali%edteachers to teach all the studentsG that is made worst with ust too many studentsG there are notenough classroomnd schools to comfortably %t all the students not to mention not enoughbathrooms and water supply0G there are not enou

booksG add the problem of poor qualitybooks, on top of that there are not enough facilities and %nally very high drop outates. Thelatter, high drop out rates is being caused by something out of the education system but aCectsa large part of th

population F poverty. there are ust so many poor families and they are sopoor that many of them cannot aCord to pay for tlready meager amount needed for theeducation of their children. grade school and high school are free in public schools

with parents needing to ust spend on uniforms, fare and some e+penses. the tuition which normally accounts for a very lahare of the total e+penses are free and yet most poor families can stillnot aCord of what is left for them to spend. it is nothat the e+penses are high, it&s ust their income is very, very low.it is this inability to aCord the other e+penses that hasaused a very high drop out rate amongstudents.this plan of the Eep#d to add two more years will of course not solve any he aboveproblems. in fact, it will only e+tend all those problems by two more years. a longer basiceducation will also meaven higher drop out rates. Then there is the problem of additionale+penses for the government. as of now, with the8 year curriculum, there is alreadydesperate lack of classrooms and schools. the public schools cannot turn the students


2/10

waywhen they show up to enroll. to cope many public schools have crammed as many students asthey can inside thelassroom with classrooms crammed with chairs from wall to wall. notenough, the schools conduct classes in at least shiftsome instances classes held veryearly in the morning till late in the evening.with two additional years, the schools wille%nitely need to construct new buildings andclassrooms or ?od forbid conduct classes "[email protected] above is the reality part.Tther disadvantages are presented below2. 6pponents of year-round school cite2Iear-round schools show little to no academic improvement due to the calendarhange.. Multi-tracking, while cost eCective in the short term, actually ends up costing more due tohigher utility costs, less or noown time for building maintenance, and the loss of opportunity tobuild before the cost of labor and materials rise after

population increases force the building of new facilities. Multi-tracking does not alleviate the need for new schoolonstruction, it merelyputs oC the decision to build until it is even more cost prohibitive, thus locking comeunitiesntoovercrowded schools and multi-tracking year-round calendars.Multi-tracking can cause familyand communityisintegration. This occurs when siblingsHneighbors are on diCerent tracks.urther disintegration is seen when e+tended

amily and church members are on diCerenttracks, or in the case of single-tracking, diCerent inter sessions.. TeachersD ability to attend college classes in the summer is compromised due to a year-round calendar.Teachers who havhildren in a year-round school, but teach in a non year-round school, or in a year-round school on a diCerent track oralendar, are not able to vacationat the same time during the year or the summer as their family.Teachers have more

problems with children staying focused before a break, and upon returndue to the more frequent breaks throughout the yea9. >tudents on year-round calendars tend to lose out on summer employment to their non year-round counterparts.>tudentburnout can increase due to the reduction in down time during thesummer. /dvanced placement classes are sometimesemoved in favor of year-roundcalendars.>tudents in year-round schools have more opportunities to forget what theyearneddue to the added and e+tended breaks throughout the year.. >ummer school, where classes can be taken for credit are replaced with inter sessions.throughout the year, for noredit.7nter sessions. tend to turn into play time as inter sessioncontent turns into 5uC classes and sometimes taught byommunity volunteers with nobackground check required.. =urriculum and materials for the normal school year are approved by the board, butcurriculum and materials for interessions are not =ommunity members who want to maintainfamily time and traditions are pitted against those in favor of t

hange causing communitydivision.. >chool districts frequently employ deceptive methods to push the calendar through. Manysurveys are framed to yield apredetermined result, yet only the numbers are reported.EiJcultyin scheduling school-wide events such as studentssemblies, open-house, or PT/ meetingsand other functions because at least ! track is out of school at any point inme.=hild care is more diJcult to obtain and some health problems are seen when conductingschool activities and classeshe summer heat and people %nd it hard to pay attention.

eference2

http2HHwww.academia.eduH9"8*9@"H*1@1"!19L/dvantagesLandLEisadvantagesLofLkL!"L!

Benets of the K to 12 Progra of the De!artent of E"#$at%on

$y2 ?ilbert M. orbesEep#d- ueBonegion 7N-/

Though quite a number of the populace are already amenable with the K to !" Program of the Eepartment of #ducation, suite a larger chunk are not still convinced about its relevance even when it is already starting this school year "8!"-"8!'

They still contend that it will be problematic. 7t is not surprising however because of the popular media.#ducation practitioners particularly school leaders believe otherwise. =ontrary to popular beliefs, the program intends to

bene%ts families and individuals and most importantly the economy for the following reasons2O#nhanced and Eecongest th=urriculum. This set up will give students more time to master competencies and time for e+tra-curricular activities, thusllowing for a more holistic development. Teachers will also be able to ensure that every competencies are taught and

mastered and all the necessary skills are transferred and developed. o most parents are freed from the burden of having to spend for college ust to mheir children employable. 7t will also slowly erase the common weak thinking that college is only the best route for succesnd gainful employment.;igher opportunity for gainful employment or becoming an entrepreneur. =urrently, high school graduates are not only tooung but are actually ill equipped for work so if their families canDt aCord to send them to at least two-year technical cournd up idle. ;ence they have nothing to do, they end up oining their peers or barkada and usually learn vices or worst enp into serious trouble. 7f they would have been in school, it would likely be no happening. 6n the other hand, those who ble to %nish at least two-year technical and vocational courses of commercially oriented institutions are hardly %t for work

particularly those in Marine Transportation and 7T because the industry commonly demands at least four years of educationAith K to !", students are given opportunity to acquire =erti%cates of =ompetency =6=&s0 and Qational =erti%cations Q=&


3/10

n accordance with T#>E/ training regulations thus allowing graduates to have a middle level skills which will oCer thembetter opportunities to be gainfully employed. There will be school-industry partnership for technological and vocationaltechvoc0 tracks to allow students gain work e+perience while studying and oCer opportunity to be absorbed by theompanies.$etter prepared for college. Eue to enhanced curriculum that will provide relevant content and attuned with the changingeeds of the times, basic education will ensure suJcient mastery of the core subects to its graduates such that graduates

may opt to pursue higher education if they choose to. Those who don&t could immediately start earning for their livelihoodhus contributing already to the improvement of their families and of the economy.=ollege ?raduates recogniBed anywhere in the world. 6ur graduates, particularly engineers, doctors, architects, etc., couow be recogniBed as professionals anywhere in the world. Those who intend to study abroad will meet the entranceequirements of foreign schools. =urrently, e+cept for the middle east, our professionals are not regarded as equal inountries in /merica and #urope. The Aashington /ccord prescribes !"-year basic education as an entry to recognition ofngineering professionals. 6n the other hand, the $ologna /ccord requires !" years of education for university admission

nd practice of profession in #uropean countries.#conomic ?rowth. The economy is e+pected to e+perience accelerated growth in the long run. >everal studies have showhat the improvements in the quality of education increases ?EP growth by as much as "R. >tudies in the ound foundation for long-term economic development. / better educated society provides a sound foundation for long-erm development for the new system will contribute to the development of emotionally and intellectually mature individuaapable of pursuing productive employment or entrepreneurship or higher education disciplines.6ther worries such as higher drop out rate are unnecessary and are irrelevant for the Eepartment of #ducation has alreadyet programs that will address this. The department in partnership with other government agencies is working together sohat the transition will be smooth for it could not aCord to fail.Qot only that, the Eepartment is only making sure that it is delivering quality education which every ilipino is entitled to.

This is in consistent with /rticle S7N, >ection "!0 of the !()@ constitution which states that 3The state shall establish,maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people andociety.4

Ae ilipinos love changes. 7t is evident in the way we embrace almost anything that is new. Therefore, why not changes ducation which after all is intended to make it relevant to the need of the times.6f course, it would be diJcult for some but it is only for the start. 6nce we got adapted and used to, it will be ust as natund as easy as before.Ae got to remember this, 3The illiterate of the new millennium is not the one who will not be able to read or write, but on

who will not be able to learn, unlearn and relearn.4- !(() Eelor&s #ducation eportThe writer has been working in the Eepartment of #ducation as a public school teacher and school principal for si+teen a half years. =urrently, he works as #lementary >chool Principal 77 of a central elementary school in the division of ueBon

;e holds $achelor Eegree and M/ in #ducational Management =/0 from the Philippine Qormal kilonducted by the Qational #ducators /cademy of the Philippines in partnership with Eep#d egion 7N-/ =//$/U6Q0, /p!- "9, "8!".

rimer on the #nhanced K!" $asic #ducation ProgramK to !" $asic #ducation Program requently /sked uestions as of Qovember "1, "8!!Eiscussion Paper on the #nhanced K!" $asic #ducation Program, 6ctober "1, "8!8

Advantages of having grades K to 12 are:

=hildren receive an education that starts with the simplest concepts and build on them each year a

they get older.

/ll children can be educated.

Disadvantages of having grades K to 12 are:

7n a classroom setting, subects are often separate and students do not see how one subect relate

to another.

/ classroom environment is an unnatural learning environment.

>tudents most often do not get to e+plore their own talents and interests

eference2Eeb AilloughbyAnswered Last

http2HHwww.answers.comHHAhatLareLtheLadvantagesLandLdisadvantagesLofLkLplusL!"
https://wiki.answers.com/Q/User:Debhttps://wiki.answers.com/Q/User:Deb


4/10

Ea%&

lectronic mail, most commonly referred to as email or e-mail since ca.!((',V"Wis a method of e+changing digital messages

rom an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across the 7nternetor other computer networks.>ome ea

mail systems required that the author and the recipient both be onlineat the same time, in common with instant messag

TodayDs email systems are based on a store-and-forwardmodel. #mail serversaccept, forward, deliver, and store messages

Qeither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneouslyG they need connect only brie5y, typically to

mail server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages. ;istorically, the term electronic mailwas used genericall

or any electronic document transmission. or e+ample, several writers in the early !(@8s used the term to

escribe fa+document transmission.V'WV9W

/s a result, it is diJcult to %nd the %rst citation for the use of the term with the morpeci%c meaning it has today.

/n 7nternet email messageVQ$ !Wconsists of three components, the message envelope, the message header, and themessage body. The message header contains control information, including, minimally, an originatorDs email addressand or more recipient addresses. =770 communications medium, 7nternet email was e+tended to carry, e.g. te+t in other characterets, multi-media content attachments, a process standardiBed in="891 through "89(. =ollectively, these =s have coo be calledMultipurpose 7nternet Mail #+tensionsM7M#0. >ubsequent =shave proposed standards for internationaliBedmail addresses usingtandards for encoding email messages were proposed aarly as !(@' = 1*!0. =onversion from /P/Q#T to the 7nternet in the early !()8s produced the core of the currentervices. /n email sent in the early !(@8s looks quite similar to a basic te+t message sent on the 7nternet today.#mail is aninformation and communications technology.7t uses technology to communicate a digital message over thenternet. imple Mail Transfer Protocol>MTP0, %rst published as 7nternet standard!8 = )"!0 in !()". 7n the procesf transporting email messages between systems, >MTP communicates delivery parameters using a

message envelopeseparate from the message header and body0 itself.

S!e&&%nglectronic mail has several #nglish spellingoptions that occasionally are the cause of vehement disagreement.e-mailis the most common form, according to =orpus of =ontemporary /merican #nglishdata, this is the form that appea

most frequently in edited, published /merican #nglish and $ritish #nglish writing. V@W

emailis the most common form used online, and is required by 7#Tequests for =ommentand working groupsV)Wandncreasingly by style guides.V(WV!8WV!!WThis spelling also appears in most dictionaries.V!"WV!'WV!9WV!1WV!*WV!@WV!)W

mailwas the form used in the original =. The service is referred to as mailand a single piece of electronic mail is calledmessage.V!(WV"8WV"!W

EMailis a traditional form that has been used in =s for the X/uthorDs /ddressX, V"8WV"!Wand is e+pressly required Xfor historiceasonsX.V""W

E-mailis sometimes used, capitaliBing the initial letter Eas in similar abbreviations like E-piano, E-guitar,A-bomb, H-bombnd C-section.V"'W

Or%g%nThe/>M/7.V")W

6ther early systems soon had their own email applications2(*" F !998H!9*8 /dministrative Terminal >ystemV"(W

(*) F /T>H'*8 V'8WV'!W

(@! F SNMS!, a local inter-user mail program incorporating the e+perimental %le transfer program, C"#NE$, allowed therstnetworkedelectronic mailV'"W

(@" F


5/10

(@) F Mailclient written by Kurt >hoens for econd $erkeley >oftware Eistribution includedupport for aliases and distribution lists, forwarding, formatting messages, and accessing diCerent mailbo+es. V')W7t used the

econd $erkeley >oftware Eistributionand later $>E operating systems0 provided support for sending and receiving emails over the serial-based static-linkedetwork. The


6/10

/liceDs computer may run its own MT/, so avoiding the transfer at step !.$ob may pick up his email in many ways, for e+ample logging into m+.b.organd reading it directly, or by using a webmailervice.

Eomains usually have several mail e+change servers so that they can continue to accept mail when the main mail e+changerver is not available.mail messages are not secure if email encryptionis not used correctly.

Many MT/s used to accept messages for any recipient on the 7nternet and do their best to deliver them. >uch MT/s arealledopen mail relays.This was very important in the early days of the 7nternet when network connections were unreliablf an MT/ couldnDt reach the destination, it could at least deliver it to a relay closer to the destination. The relay stood a betthance of delivering the message at a later time. ;owever, this mechanism proved to be e+ploitable by peopleendingunsolicited bulk emailand as a consequence very few modern MT/s are open mail relays, and many MT/s donDtccept messages from open mail relays because such messages are very likely to be spam.

)essage forat

The 7nternet email message format is now de%ned by = 1'"", with multi-media content attachments being de%ned in891through = "89(, collectively called Multipurpose %nternet Mail E&tensionsorM%ME. = 1'""replaced the earlier )""in "88), and in turn = ")""in "88! replaced= )""F which had been the standard for 7nternet email for nearly "ears. Published in !()",= )""was based on the earlier = @''for the/P/Q#T.V1(W

nternet email messages consist of two maor sections2HeaderF >tructured into%eldssuch as rom, To, ==, >ubect, Eate, and other information about the email.'odyF The basic content, as unstructured te+tG sometimes containing asignature blockat the end. This is e+actly the sames the body of a regular letter.

The header is separated from the body by a blank line.

Message header

ach message has e+actly one header, which is structured into %elds. #ach %eld has a name and a value. = 1'""speci%ehe precise synta+.nformally, each line of te+t in the header that begins with a printable characterbegins a separate %eld. The %eld name stan the %rst character of the line and ends before the separator character X2X. The separator is then followed by the %eld valuthe XbodyX of the %eld0. The value is continued onto subsequent lines if those lines have a space or tab as their %rstharacter. ield names and values are restricted to @-bit/>=77characters. Qon-/>=77 values may be represented using

M7M# encoded words.

*ea"er e&"s

mail header %elds can be multi-line, and each line should be at most @) characters long and in no event more than (()haracters long.V*8W;eader %elds de%ned by= 1'""can only contain -/>=77charactersG for encoding characters in otheets, a synta+ speci%ed in = "89@can be used.V*!Wecently the 7#T #/7 working group has de%ned some standards track+tensions,V*"WV*'Wreplacing previous e+perimental e+tensions, to allow uch characters must only be used by serverhat support these e+tensions.

The message header must include at least the following %elds2V*9W

(rom2 The email address, and optionally the name of the authors0. 7n many email clients not changeable e+cept throughhanging account settings.

ate2 The local time and date when the message was written. ike the (rom)%eld, many email clients %ll this in automaticawhen sending. The recipientDs client may then display the time in the format and time Bone local to himHher.The message header should include at least the following %elds2V*1W

Message-%2 /lso an automatically generated %eldG used to prevent multiple delivery and for reference in 7n-eply-To2 seebelow0.n-eply-$o2 Message-7Eof the message that this is a reply to. MTP delivery list but not usually0 listed in the message data, remainingnvisible to other recipients.Cc2 =arbon =opyGMany email clients will mark email in oneDs inbo+ diCerently depending on whether they are in the To2 or st.

=ontent-Type2 7nformation about how the message is to be displayed, usually a M7M#type."recedence2 commonly with values XbulkX, XunkX, or XlistXG used to indicate that automated XvacationX or Xout of oJceXesponses should not be returned for this mail, e.g. to prevent vacation notices from being sent to all other subscribers of a

mailing list. >endmailuses this header to aCect prioritiBation of queued email, with XPrecedence2 special-deliveryX messageelivered sooner. Aith modern high-bandwidth networks delivery priority is less of an issue than it once was. Microsoft+changerespects a %ne-grained automatic response suppression mechanism, the S-/uto-esponse->uppress header. V*@W
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_encryptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_mail_relayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_mail_relayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_mail_relayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_spamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_spamhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2049http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipurpose_Internet_Mail_Extensionshttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc733http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANEThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANEThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature_blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature_blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Header_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(computer_science)http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printable_charactershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME#Encoded-Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-61http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-ASCIIhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2047http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-64http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-65http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-66http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message-IDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message-IDhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3864http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authorityhttp://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/perm-headers.htmlhttp://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/prov-headers.htmlhttp://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/prov-headers.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_subject_abbreviationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_subject_abbreviationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_Carbon_Copyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_Copyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_Copyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content-Typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-68http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_encryptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_mail_relayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_spamhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2049http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipurpose_Internet_Mail_Extensionshttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc733http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANEThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(computer_science)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature_blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Header_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(computer_science)http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printable_charactershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME#Encoded-Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-61http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-ASCIIhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2047http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-64http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-65http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email_addresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-66http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message-IDhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3864http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authorityhttp://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/perm-headers.htmlhttp://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/prov-headers.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-67http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_subject_abbreviationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail_subject_abbreviationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_Carbon_Copyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_Copyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content-Typehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendmailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Exchange_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email#cite_note-68


7/10

e,erences2Message-7Eof the message that this is a reply to, and the message-id of the message the previous reply was aeply to, etc.

eply-$o2 /ddress that should be used to reply to the message.Sender2 /ddress of the actual sender acting on behalf of the author listed in the rom2 %eld secretary, list manager, etc.0.Archived-At2 / direct link to the archived form of an individual email message.T+!es

Aeb-based email webmail0Main article)ebmailMany email providers have a web-based email client e.g. /6 Mail, ?mail,6utlook.comandIahoo Mail0. This allows usersog into the email account by using any compatibleweb browserto send and receive their email. Mail is typically notownloaded to the client, so canDt be read without a current 7nternet connection.

P6P' email services

Main article)"."/6P' is the acronym forPost 6Jce Protocol'. 7n a P6P' email account, email messages are downloaded to the client devi.e. a computer0 and then they are deleted from the mail serverunless speci%c instruction to save has been given . 7t isiJcult to save and view messages on multiple devices. /lso, the messages sent from the computerHone device are notopied to the >ent 7tems folder on the other0 devices. The messages are deleted from theserverto make room for morencoming messages. P6P supports simple download-and-delete requirements for access to remote mailbo+es termedmaildrop in the P6P =Ds0.V)!W/lthough most P6P clients have an option to leave messages on the server after downloadingopy of them, most email clients using P6P' simply connect, retrieve all messages, store them on the client device as new

messages, delete them from the server, and then disconnect.

M/P email serversMain article)%MA"M/P refers to 7nternet Message /ccess Protocol. Aith an 7M/P account, a userDs account has access to mail folders on themail server and can use any compatible device to read and reply to messages, as long as such a device can access theerver. >mall portable devices like smartphonesare increasingly used to check email while travelling, and to make briefeplies, larger devices with better keyboard access being used to reply at greater length. 7M/P shows the headers of

messages, the sender and the subect and the device needs to request to download speci%c messages.


8/10


9/10


10/10

* * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * *, , , ,, , , ,, , , ,, , , ,, , , ,, , , ,, , , ,, , , ,

N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N NN N N N N N N NO O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

O O O O O O O OE E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E EE E E E E E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / // / / / / / / /K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KK K K K K K K

advantages and disadvantages of k to 12

Documents